Six new species of the genus Caccothryptus from the Himalayas (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)

Six new species of the genus Caccothryptus (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) are described from the Himalayan region: C. brendelli sp. nov., C. arakawae sp. nov., C. championi sp. nov., C. larryi sp. nov., C. tardarsauceae sp. nov. and C. abboti sp. nov. Photographs of type specimens with relevant morphological characters to distinguish species are provided.

Six new species described in this paper are from the Himalayan region and within the testudo and the compactus groups. Photographs of habitus and genitalia of Caccothryptus brendelli sp. nov., C. arakawae sp. nov., C. championi sp. nov., C. larryi sp. nov., C. tardarsauceae sp. nov. and C. abboti sp. nov. are provided with differential diagnosis.

Material and methods
All specimens used in this study are housed in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). The specimens were examined by relaxing them in warm water, then dissecting the abdomen and its inner contents. Genitalia are mounted on a card pinned under the specimen. Habitus photographs were taken with a Canon DSLR camera, using a Laowa 25mm macro lens. All photographs were processed through focus stacking software, Helicon Focus and were later edited using GIMP. The beginning and end of label text are indicated using double quotes (" "); a double slash (//) separates the data on different labels.

Abbreviations for morphological characters
AS = Antennal segment(s) (followed by numbers increasing from antennal insertion to the tip of the last antennomere) EL = elytral length EW = maximum elytral width PL = pronotal length PW = maximum pronotal width

Diagnosis
Caccothryptus brendelli sp. nov. is within C. testudo group and can be distinguished by several genital characters: (1) apex of median lobe narrow with tip slightly pointed in ventral view; (2) concave structure between apical emargination narrowly V-shaped with rounded end; (3) dorsal side of parameres bisinuate in lateral view; (4) apical emargination of parameres V-shaped in ventral view.

Etymology
This species is named after Martin J.D. Brendell, who was the curator of the Coleoptera Department of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London. DORSUM. Head: partially retracted into pronotum; overall surface smooth, densely punctured across surface. Antennae: 11 segmented, fi liform, fully pubescent, antennomeres long and slender, 1 st AS widest, 2 nd AS narrow and long, 3 rd AS smallest, 4 th -11 th AS long, thin and obtusely angled on one side. Pronotum: transverse, widest at posterior end, narrowest at anterior end, narrower than elytra; anterior margin convex, posterior margin trisinuate, lateral margin convex; surface covered with dense punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Scutellum: subtriangular, large, lateral sides nearly straight. Elytra: longer than wide; anterior margin slightly convex, sinuate; anterior lateral angle nearly right angled, pointed; lateral margins strongly bordered; surface with mixtures of small fi ne and medium sized punctuations; surface between punctures smooth and shiny.
VENTER. Prosternum: concave on anterior margin, outer lateral margin concave; prosternal process as long as wide, lateral margin sinuated, posterior margin rounded. Mesoventrite: wider than long, narrowed towards posterior; anterior end concave where prosternal process fi ts, discrimen visible; laterally subparallel and gently curved, posteriorly fl at, anteriorly trisinuate. Metaventrite: long and wide, fl at on the middle; discrimen thin visible across each end. Abdomen: fi ve clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process with pointed apex. Posterior margin of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites convex, 3 rd -4 th ventrites slightly concave around the middle, 5 th ventrite curved. Surface covered with long, light yellow, recumbent setae. LEGS. Tibia: protibia with outer and inner lateral ends curved. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards the apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, widest around basal 0.2 from both lateral and ventral view. Median lobe: approximately 2 /5 length of genitalia; longer than parameres; gently curved on dorsal side, bisinuate on ventral side, widest at near apical end, narrowing towards apex, apex with round point in lateral view; apex fl at split into two on anterior half and edge pointed, lower half of lateral end relatively straight in dorsal view; triangular emarginate on one side towards the parameres and small emarginate directing laterally in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination V-shaped, concave structure between parameres elongated narrow and deeply V-shaped with rounded end; bisinuate, lower half of sinuation long and shallow, upper half short and slightly deep on dorsal side in lateral view; gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; apex rounded and not overlapping median lobe, majority of parameres not overlapping median lobe with two spaces visible in lateral view.

Female
Unknown.

Distribution
Caccothryptus brendelli sp. nov. is known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis
Caccothryptus arakawae sp. nov. is within the C. testudo group and can be distinguished by several genital characters: (1) apex of median lobe narrows with tip slightly pointed in ventral view; (2) concave structure between apical emargination narrow U-shaped with rounded end; (3) dorsal side of parameres bisinuate in lateral view; (4) apical emargination of parameres V-shaped in ventral view.

Etymology
This species is named after Hiromi Arakawa, who is a Japanese manga artist.

Description
Male BODY. Elongate, oval, dorsum convex, EL: 3.39 mm, EW: 2.36 mm, PL: 0.93 mm, PW: 2.03 mm. Colour: dorsal side brown; venter brown, tibia reddish brown, tarsal claws light brown. Dorsal surface densely covered with long setae with patches of white setae forming a wavy pattern, ventral surface with relatively long setae. DORSUM. Head: partially retracted into pronotum; overall surface smooth, densely punctured across surface. Antennae: 11 segmented, fi liform, fully pubescent, antennomeres long and slender, 1 st AS widest, 2 nd AS narrow and long, 3 rd AS smallest, 4 th -11 th AS long, thin and obtusely angled on one side. Pronotum: transverse, widest at posterior end, narrowest at anterior end, narrower than elytra; anterior margin convex, posterior margin trisinuate, lateral margin convex; surface covered with dense punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Scutellum: subtriangular, large, lateral sides nearly straight. Elytra: Longer than wide; anterior margin slightly convex, sinuate; anterior lateral angle nearly right angled, rounded; lateral margins strongly bordered; surface with mixtures of small fi ne and medium sized punctuations; surface between punctures smooth and shiny.
LEGS. Tibia: protibia with outer and inner lateral ends curved. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, widest around basal 0.2 from lateral, relatively consistent width in ventral view. Median lobe: approximately 2 /5 length of genitalia; longer than parameres; slightly bisinuate on dorsal side, bisinuate on ventral side, widest at near apical end, narrowing towards the apex, apex rounded in lateral view; apex fl at split into two on anterior half and edge pointed, lower half of lateral end relatively straight in dorsal view; lower half narrows, upper half oval and tip slightly rounded in lateral view; apical end smooth and narrows inwards in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination V-shaped, concave structure between parameres elongated slightly narrow and deep U-shape with rounded end; bisinuate, lower half of sinuation long and shallow, upper half short and slightly deep on dorsal side in lateral view; gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; apex rounded and ever so slightly overlapping with median lobe, majority of parameres do not overlap median lobe with two spaces visible in lateral view.

Female
No morphological difference from male except for the longer 5 th abdominal ventrite. Ovipositor long, gonocoxites strongly tapering to a point.

Distribution
Caccothryptus arakawae sp. nov. is known only from the type locality.
VENTER. Prosternum: concave on anterior margin, outer lateral margin concave; prosternal process as long as wide, lateral margin sinuated, posterior margin rounded. Mesoventrite: wider than long, narrowed towards posterior; anterior end concave where prosternal process fi ts, discrimen visible; laterally subparallel and gently curved, posteriorly fl at, anteriorly trisinuate. Metaventrite: long and wide, fl at on the middle; discrimen thin visible across each end. Abdomen: fi ve clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process with pointed apex. Posterior margin of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites convex, 3 rd -4 th ventrites slightly concave around the middle, 5 th ventrite semioval. Surface covered with long, light yellow, recumbent setae.
LEGS. Tibia: protibia with outer and inner lateral ends curved. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards the apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, widest around basal 0.2 from both lateral and ventral view. Median lobe: approximately ⅓ length of genitalia; longer than parameres; gently curved on dorsal side, slightly bisinuate on ventral side, widest at middle, narrowing towards the apex, apex with round point in lateral view; apex pointed, split into two on anterior half and edge blunt, lower half of lateral end gently concave in dorsal view; apical end oval in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination V-shaped, concave structure between parameres elongated narrow and deeply V-shaped with pointed end; narrowed gradually towards apical end, small bump near the apex in lateral view; gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; apex narrow oval and not overlap with median lobe, majority of parameres do not overlap median lobe with one space visible in lateral view.

Female
No morphological difference from male except for the 5 th longer abdominal ventrite. Ovipositor long, gonocoxites strongly tapering to a point.

Distribution
Caccothryptus championi sp. nov. is known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis
Caccothryptus larryi sp. nov. is within C. compactus group and can be distinguished by several genital characters: (1) apex of median lobe with two asymmetrical emarginations in ventral view; (2) concave structure between parameres an elongated narrow and deeply V-shaped with pointed end; (3) dorsal and ventral side of parameres smooth and elongate, narrowing towards apical end in lateral view; (4) apical emargination of parameres oval in ventral view. C. ripicola has semicircle shaped apical emargination of parameres, median lobe with symmetrical emarginations, overall genitalia long and thin, which differs signifi cantly from C. larryi sp. nov.

Etymology
This species is named after ʻLarryʼ the cat that lives at 10 Downing Street and the current ʻChief Mouserʼ to the Cabinet Offi ce.  DORSUM. Head: partially retracted into pronotum; overall surface smooth, densely punctured across surface. Antennae: 11 segmented, fi liform, fully pubescent, antennomeres long and slender, 1 st AS widest, 2 nd AS narrow and long, 3 rd AS smallest, 4 th -11 th AS long, thin and obtusely angled on one side. Pronotum: transverse, widest at posterior end, narrowest at anterior end, narrower than elytra; anterior margin convex, posterior margin trisinuate, lateral margin convex; surface covered with dense punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Scutellum: subtriangular, large, lateral sides nearly straight. Elytra: longer than wide; anterior margin slightly convex, sinuate; anterior lateral angle nearly right angled, pointed; lateral margins strongly bordered; surface with mixtures of small fi ne and medium sized punctuations; elytral striae not clearly visible throughout; surface between punctures smooth and shiny.

Holotype
VENTER. Prosternum: concave on anterior margin, outer lateral margin concave; prosternal process as long as wide, lateral margin sinuated, posterior margin rounded. Mesoventrite: wider than long, narrowed towards posterior; anterior end concave where prosternal process fi ts, discrimen visible; laterally subparallel and gently curved, posteriorly fl at, anteriorly trisinuate. Metaventrite: long and wide, fl at on the middle; discrimen thin visible across each end. Abdomen: fi ve clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process with pointed apex. Posterior margin of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites convex, 3 rd -4 th ventrites slightly concave around the middle, 5 th ventrite semioval. Surface covered with long, light yellow, recumbent setae.
LEGS. Tibia: protibia with narrowly oval. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards the apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: Long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, width gently narrowed towards apical end. Median lobe: approximately ⅓ length of genitalia; longer than parameres; consistent width on basal ⅔, oval on apical half, maximum width of apical ⅓ in lateral view; apex fl at and edge rounded, lower half of lateral end gently concave in dorsal view; dorsal and ventral end curved, narrow near the apex, apex pointed, width relatively consistent in lateral view; triangular emarginate on one side towards parameres and small emarginate directing laterally in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination oval, concave structure between parameres an elongated U-shaped with rounded end; smooth and elongate, narrowed towards apical end, apex pointed and overlaps with median lobe, majority of parameres overlaps with median lobe with no visible spacing in lateral view.

Female
No morphological difference from male except for the longer 5 th abdominal ventrite. Ovipositor long, gonocoxites strongly tapering to a point. EL: 2.77 mm, EW: 2.18 mm, PL: 0.77 mm, PW: 1.71 mm.

Distribution
Caccothryptus larryi sp. nov. is known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis
Caccothryptus tardarsauceae sp. nov. is within the C. testudo group and can be distinguished by several genital characters: (1) apex of median lobe narrow with tip slightly pointed in ventral view; (2) concave structure between apical emargination narrowly V-shaped with gently pointed end; (3) dorsal side of parameres bisinuate in lateral view; (4) apical emargination of parameres V-shaped in ventral view.

Etymology
This species is named after the American internet celebrity cat ʻTardar Sauceʼ, nicknamed ʻGrumpy Catʼ. densely covered with long setae with patches of white setae forming a wavy pattern, ventral surface with relatively long setae. DORSUM. Head: partially retracted into pronotum; overall surface smooth, densely punctured across surface. Antennae: 11 segmented, fi liform, fully pubescent, antennomeres long and slender, 1 st AS widest, 2 nd AS narrow and long, 3 rd AS smallest, 4 th -11 th AS long, thin and obtusely angled on one side. Pronotum: transverse, widest at posterior end, narrowest at anterior end, narrower than elytra; anterior margin convex, posterior margin trisinuate, lateral margin convex; surface covered with dense punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Scutellum: subtriangular, large, lateral sides gently convex. Elytra: longer than wide; anterior margin slightly convex, sinuate; anterior lateral angle nearly right angled, pointed; lateral margins strongly bordered; surface with mixtures of small fi ne sized punctuations and medium sized punctuations forming irregular near the elytral suture; elytral striae more clearly visible towards lateral end; surface between punctures smooth and shiny.

Holotype
VENTER. Prosternum: concave on anterior margin, outer lateral margin concave; prosternal process as long as wide, lateral margin sinuated, posterior margin rounded. Mesoventrite: wider than long, narrowed towards posterior; anterior end concave where prosternal process fi ts, discrimen visible; laterally subparallel and gently curved, posteriorly fl at, anteriorly trisinuate. Metaventrite: long and wide, fl at on the middle; discrimen thin visible across each end. Abdomen: fi ve clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process with pointed apex. Posterior margin of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites convex, 3 rd -4 th ventrites slightly concave around the middle, 5 th ventrite semioval. Surface covered with long, light yellow, recumbent setae.
LEGS. Tibia: protibia with outer and inner lateral margin curved. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards the apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, widest around basal 0.2 from both lateral and ventral view. Median lobe: approximately ⅓ length of genitalia; longer than parameres; gently curved on dorsal side, slightly bisinuate on ventral side, widest at middle, narrowing towards the apex, apex with round point in lateral view; apex pointed, split into two on anterior half and edge pointed, lower half of lateral end relatively straight in dorsal view; apical end smooth and narrows inwards in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination wide V-shaped, concave structure between parameres elongated and wide V-shaped, with gently pointed end; bisinuate, lower half of sinuation long and shallow, upper half short and slightly deep on dorsal side in lateral view; gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; apex pointed and overlaps with median lobe, majority of parameres overlaps with median lobe in lateral view.

Female
Unknown.

Distribution
Caccothryptus tardarsauceae sp. nov. is known only from the type locality. (1) apex of median lobe asymmetrical in ventral view; (2) concave structure between parameres deeply U-shaped with rounded end; (3) parameres deeply curved on dorsal side and gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; (4) apical emargination inward slanted and V-shaped.

Etymology
This species is named after Nick Abbot, who is a radio presenter. DORSUM. Head: partially retracted into pronotum; overall surface smooth, densely punctured across surface. Antennae: 11 segmented, fi liform, fully pubescent, antennomeres long and slender, 1 st AS widest, 2 nd AS narrow and long, 3 rd AS smallest, 4 th -11 th AS long, thin and obtusely angled on one side. Pronotum: transverse, widest at posterior end, narrowest at anterior end, narrower than elytra; anterior margin convex, posterior margin trisinuate, lateral margin convex; surface covered with dense punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Scutellum: subtriangular, large, lateral sides nearly straight. Elytra: longer than wide; anterior margin slightly convex, sinuate; anterior lateral angle acute, pointed; lateral margins strongly bordered; surface with mixtures of small fi ne and medium sized punctuations; elytral striae not clearly visible throughout; surface between punctures smooth and shiny.
VENTER. Prosternum: concave on anterior margin, outer lateral margin concave; prosternal process as long as wide, lateral margin sinuated, posterior margin rounded. Mesoventrite: wider than long, narrowed towards posterior; anterior end concave where prosternal process fi ts, discrimen visible; laterally subparallel and gently curved, posteriorly fl at, anteriorly trisinuate. Metaventrite: long and wide, fl at on the middle; discrimen thin visible across each end. Abdomen: fi ve clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process with pointed apex. Posterior margin of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites convex, 3 rd -4 th ventrites slightly concave around the middle, 5 th ventrite semioval. Surface covered with long, light yellow, recumbent setae.
LEGS. Tibia: protibia with outer and inner lateral ends curved. Meso-and metatibia with outer lateral margin almost straight, inner lateral margin straight. Tarsi: simple, segments increase in length towards the apex, 5 th tarsal segment as long as 1 st -4 th tarsal segment combined. Tarsal claws: long, narrow, symmetrical.
GENITALIA. Aedeagus: elongate, strongly sclerotised. Base: asymmetrical, widest around basal 0.2 in ventral view, widest at middle in lateral view. Median lobe: approximately 2 /5 the length of genitalia; longer than parameres; curved on both dorsal and ventral side, consistent width, narrows near the apex, apex with rounded in lateral view; apex pointed, split into two on anterior ¼ and edge blunt, lower half of lateral end gently convex in dorsal view; apical end asymmetrical in ventral view. Parameres: wider than median lobe in ventral view; apical emargination inward slanted and V-shaped, concave structure between parameres deep U-shaped with rounded end; narrowed towards apical end, apical end oval in lateral view; deeply curved on dorsal side in lateral view; gently curved on ventral side in lateral view; apex narrow oval and overlaps with median lobe, majority of parameres overlaps with median lobe with no visible spacing in lateral view.

Female
Unknown.

Distribution
Caccothryptus abboti sp. nov. is known only from the type locality.