Revision of the Eurasian species of Aegilips Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae:

. The knowledge of Aegilips in Eurasia is updated. One new species is described: Aegilips insularis Mata-Casanova and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., from Portugal (Madeira). The genus is also cited for the first time in the Indomalayan region with specimens of A. atricornis found in Northern India and Pakistan. Aegilips curvipes Giraud, 1860, Aegilips gemellus Belizin, 1961, Aegilips laevis (Hedicke, 1914), Aegilips montanus Belizin, 1951 and Aegilips punctatus Belizin, 1951 are synonymized with A. nitidulus (Dalman, 1823). Aegilips vena Fergusson, 1985 is synonymized with Aegilips zaitzevi Kovalev, 1974. Aegilips notatus Belizin, 1951, and Aegilips punctulatus Hedicke, 1928 are designated as incertae sedis. The known distributions of A. atricornis , A. kozlovi , A. nitidulus and A. romseyensis are expanded. Morphological differences are discussed and a key for Eurasian Aegilips species is also given.


Introduction
Aegilips Haliday, 1835 is a genus of cynipoid parasitoid wasps included in the Anacharitinae. Anacharitinae is one of 12 subfamilies currently comprising Figitidae (Paretas-Martínez et al. 2011), and can be distinguished from other figitid wasps by the presence of three synapomorphies (Ros-Farré et al. 2000): (1) rounded and continuous pronotal plate (Fig. 1a), (2) broadly overlapping mandibles and (3) triangular-shaped head in anterior view (Fig. 1d) The latter character is less clear due to a secondary expansion of the malar area in Acanthaegilopsis, Proanacharis and some species of Xyalaspis (Mata-Casanova et al. 2015a), as well as some Aegilips; the result is a more quadrate head shape in sedis and are not included in the key because the original descriptions are insufficient and the type material has been apparently lost.

Material and methods
The material studied is deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC, Ottawa), the Museum für Naturkunde (ZMHB, Berlin), the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris), the Natural History Museum (NHMUK, London), the Universitat de Barcelona (UB, Barcelona), the United States National Museum (USNM) and the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN, Saint Petersburg).  Kovalev, 1974, head in anterior view. e. Aegilips nitidulus Dalman, 1823, forewing venation. f. Aegilips romseyensis Fergusson, 1985, head in anterior view. g. Aegilips zaitzevi Kovalev, 1974, forewing venation. For this study 366 undetermined specimens were examined: 232 males and 134 females. Morphological terms used are those of Richards (1977), Ronquist (1995) and Ros-Farré et al. (2003). All measurements are relative except for the body length. Measurements and abbreviations include: F1-F12, first and subsequent flagellomeres; POL (post-ocellar distance) is the distance between the inner margins of the posterior ocelli; OOL (ocular-ocellar distance) is the shortest distance between the inner margin of the compound eye and the outer edge of the posterior ocellus; LOL (lateral-frontal ocellar distance) is the distance between the edges of the lateral and frontal ocelli. Antennal formula includes scape, pedicel and flagellomeres length and relative width in brackets.
The images included were made in 'Serveis Científico-Tècnics' of the University of Barcelona. The field-emission gun environmental scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200 ESEM, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was used for high-resolution imaging, under a low voltage (12.0 kV) and without goldcoating of the specimens in order to preserve the material.

Type locality
London, Bedford Park, United Kingdom.
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Antennae dark brown. Leg dark yellow with darker metacoxa. Veins of wings brownish.
Head. Head square-shaped in anterior view, 1.5 times as broad as high, malar area expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.8 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli and torulus-eye distances. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 1.8 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 8.0:4.5:2.5, diameter of lateral ocellus is 3.0. MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum smooth and punctate; pubescence uniformly distributed over its surface with some irregular ventral carinae. Mesoscutum as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum smooth and not punctate, short hyaline setae along notauli and anterior mesoscutum. Notaulus incomplete but apparent, usually effaced at anterior third, sometimes almost reaching pronotal margin, without horizontal carinae (Fig. 3d); median mesoscutal furrow absent. Lateral mesoscutum smooth and glabrous, except for some short hairs; parapsidal signum absent, parascutal sulcus very tenuous and not internally carinate (Fig. 3e). Scutellum strongly areolate and triangularshaped, not apically rounded, 0.6 times as long as mesoscutum; scutellar foveae square-shaped, large and smooth, posteriorly defined by carina; presence of superficial and narrow pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle smooth except for an oblique sulcus near its anterior margin; short hyaline seta present. Metanotal troughs coarsely sculptured, almost glabrous. Lateral propodeum with strong coarse sculpture; central propodeum glabrous, coriaceous, and divided in two symmetrical areas by median longitudinal carina; lower central region and rest of propodeal surface divided into smaller cells.

Type locality
China, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Antennae yellow. Leg yellow with brown coxae. Veins of wings yellowish.
Head. Triangular-shaped in anterior view, 1.2 times as broad as high, malar area not expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.6 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous and shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli and toruluseye distances. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 1.7 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 8.0:4.5:2.5, diameter of lateral ocellus is 3.5.
MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum punctate; slightly pubescent, some short irregular ventral carinae present. Mesoscutum 1.2 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum smooth to slightly alutaceous, shiny, glabrous. Notaulus incomplete but apparent, effaced at anterior mesoscutum and never internally carinate (Fig. 3c); median mesoscutal furrow short and narrow. Lateral mesoscutum punctate; parapsidal signum reduced to a short and narrow groove, parascutal sulcus very tenuous and not internally carinate, presence of a punctate band instead. Scutellum alutaceous and shiny, laterally coarse, 0.6 times of mesoscutal length; scutellar foveae trapezoidal, large, smooth, posteriorly defined by carina; presence of superficial and narrow pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina shortly projected at apex of scutellum (Fig. 3c), triangular shape in dorsal view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle heavily alutaceous, not pubescent. Metanotal troughs coarsely sculptured and almost glabrous. Lateral propodeum with strong coarse sculpture; central propodeum glabrous, coriaceous, divided in two symmetrical areas by median longitudinal carina; lower central region and rest of propodeal surface divided into smaller cells.
Fore wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.5 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.

Distribution
Palaearctic. China: Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Kieffer 1910), Beijing (Mata-Casanova et al. 2015b).  described an American species of Anacharis as A. flavicornis. One year after, another species of Anacharis was described from Chinese Turkestan with the same denomination (Kieffer 1910). The author changed the homonymy one year later as part of a revision and correction on the names of different species of Cynipoidea and Evanoidea (Kieffer 1911), thus resulting in one American species, A. flavicornis , and one Palaearctic species, A. flavidicornis Kieffer, 1911. When studying the type of Anacharis flavidicornis, it did not present the typical features of the genus Anacharis but Aegilips instead, being recombined into Aegilips flavidicornis (Mata-Casanova et al. 2018).

Diagnosis
Species easily distinguishable other Palaearctic species of Aegilips by having completely smooth scutellum with scutellar foveae absent or indistinct, never sharply delineated (scutellum from alutaceous to areolate in other species of Aegilips from the Palaearctic region, scutellar foveae always noticeable).

Etymology
The specific name comes from the island of Madeira, the only known location of the species.
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Antennae dark brown. Leg.s yellowish brown with darker coxae, metacoxa black. Veins of wings dark brown.
Head. Triangle-shaped in anterior view, 1.1 times as broad as high, malar area not expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.7 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli and torulus-eye distances. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 2 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 5.0:4.5:2.0, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0.
Fore wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.3 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.

Diagnosis
Species with strongly horizontal carinae in mesoscutum and notauli. Morphologically similar to A. romseyensis, from which it can be distinguished by having horizontal carinate sculpture in the mesoscutum and areolate scutellum (mesoscutum and scutellum smooth in A. romseyensis).
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Leg yellowish brown with darker coxae. Veins of wings dark brown.
Head. Head square-shaped in anterior view, 2.0 times as broad as high, malar area expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.8 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous and shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus as long as inter-toruli distance but larger than torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 2 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum covered by strongly coarse sculpture and obliquely carinated in its entire surface. Mesoscutum 1.2 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum shiny, slightly alutaceous, region between notauli strongly carinate (Fig. 2e). Notaulus complete with horizontal carinae; median mesoscutal furrow present but not strong. Lateral mesoscutum smooth, punctate, with short hyaline pubescence; parapsidal signum present, parascutal sulcus deeply excavated and carinate. Scutellum areolate (Fig. 2e), 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum; scutellar foveae rounded, small, smooth, posteriorly defined by carina; presence of large and elongated pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate with rugose microsculpture, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum coriaceous, densely pubescent, divided in large cells; central area defined by two strong lateral carinae, median longitudinal carina unconspicuous.
Fore wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.4 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Antennae yellowish. Leg dark yellowish with dark brown metacoxa. Veins of wings yellow.
Head. Triangle-shaped in anterior view, 1.1 times as broad as high, malar area not expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.6 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous and shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli distance, same than torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 1.6 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 6.0:5.5:2.5, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0.
MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum smooth, scarcely pubescent, with some irregular ventral carinae. Mesoscutum 1.3 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum smooth, shiny, scarce short anterior white setae, central mesoscutum glabrous. Notaulus weak, incomplete, without horizontal carinae; median mesoscutal furrow absent. Lateral mesoscutum smooth and glabrous; parapsidal signum absent; parascutal sulcus reduced to few weakly impressed cells. Scutellum alutaceous; central scutellum smooth while strongly areolate at margins; 0.6 times of mesoscutal length; scutellar foveae rounded, large, alutaceous, not posteriorly defined by carina (Fig. 3b); presence of small pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line incomplete (Fig. 3b). Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate with rugose microsculpture, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle weakly carinate, short hyaline pubescence uniformly distributed. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum strongly alutaceous, densely pubescent, divided in large cells; central area divided in two symmetrical areas by median longitudinal carina; these two large areas are also asymmetrically divided by some weaker and irregular transverse carinae.
Fore wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.3 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.

Diagnosis
Species with higher variability than other Palaearctic Aegilips. It is morphologically similar to A. atricornis, from which it can be distinguished by the presence of complete notauli, excavated median mesoscutal furrow, carinate mesoscutum and rugose dorsal pronotum (notauli incomplete, median mesoscutal furrow absent and smooth mesoscutum and dorsal pronotum in A. atricornis). It can be distinguished from A. kozlovi and A. romseyensis -which also present complete notauliby possessing weak horizontal carinae in the notauli and not having dorsal carinae in the pronotum (notauli with strong horizontal carinae and pronotum areolate in its entire surface in A. kozlovi and A. romseyensis).

Type locality
Sweden, Stockholm.
Head. Head square-shaped in anterior view, 1.4 times as broad as high, malar area expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.7 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli distance, same than torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 2 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 7:4.5:3, diameter of lateral ocellus is 3.0.
antennae. In males, antenna 14-segmented; flagellomeres cylindrical and pubescent, same width in all flagellomeres, placodeal sensilla abundant in all flagellomeres; F1 not modified; antennal formula: 9(3.5), 3 (3) MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Ventral and anterior pronotum carinate; pronotal surface rugose, smoother near tegula (Fig. 2d). Mesoscutum 1.1 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum lightly rugose, punctate, almost glabrous except for short hyaline pubescence scattered across surface; transverse carinae variably extended: they range from covering entire mesoscutal surface to being only present in posterior mesoscutum. Notaulus weak but complete, with tenuous horizontal carinae (Fig. 2g); median mesoscutal furrow present but not strong. Lateral mesoscutum smooth and punctate; parapsidal signum absent; parascutal sulcus reduced to coarse band. Scutellum alutaceous, shiny; central scutellum smooth while strongly areolate at margins; 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum; scutellar foveae rounded, large, alutaceous, posteriorly defined by carina; presence of large and elongated pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete, effacing in some individuals. Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate with rugose microsculpture, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle alutaceous, almost glabrous except for some short hyaline pubescence. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum smooth, divided in large cells; almost glabrous except for two densely pubescent areas below metanotal troughs; central propodeum divided in two symmetrical cells by median longitudinal carina; lateral propodeum heavily areolate.

Species with incomplete notauli like A. atricornis, A. flavidiornis and A. zaitzevi. Unlike A. flavidicornis and A. zaitzevi it presents an areolate scutellum (scutellum smooth in A. flavidicornis and A. zaitzevi).
It is morphologically close to A. atricornis; however, A. paucus has almost effaced notauli and posterior carina of scutellar foveae weakening in its central area (in A. atricornis the notauli though incomplete are strongly apparent and basal carina of scutellar foveae is strong throughout).
Coloration. Head and mesosoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Leg yellowish brown with darker coxae. Veins of wings yellowish.
Head. Triangular-shaped in anterior view, 1.1 times as broad as high, malar area not expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.6 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli and torulus-eye distances. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 1.3 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 6.0:5.0:2.0, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0.

antennae. Lost.
MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum smooth and punctate; ventral pronotum carinate, presence of some short and weak ridges at the edges of the pronotal plate, not extended into the rest of the pronotal surface. Mesoscutum 1.3 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum smooth, shiny and glabrous except for some scarce hyaline hairs. Notaulus incomplete and very tenuous, hard to notice, reduced to posterior mesoscutum (Fig. 3f); median mesoscutal furrow short and weakly excavated, almost unnoticeable. Lateral mesoscutum smooth, punctate; parapsidal signum and parascutal sulcus absents (Fig. 3g). Scutellum heavily areolate, 0.6 times as long as mesoscutum; scutellar foveae rounded, large, alutaceous, posteriorly defined by carina weakening in central scutellum; presence of small pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth; ventral carinae reaching metapleura. Mesopleural triangle with weak coarse sculpture, covered by dense short pubescence. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum coriaceous, densely pubescent, divided in large cells; central area longitudinally divided by median carina, with some transverse weak carination.
wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.6 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.

Comments
The original description of the species does not provide enough information to distinguish it from other similar species, thus making it impossible to properly identify it. Therefore, we consider this species incertae sedis. Fergusson, 1985 Figs 1f, 2c-f

Diagnosis
Species with the entire surface of the pronotum strongly carinate and notauli with strong transverse carinae, like A. kozlovi (pronotal carinae only present in the lower pronotum and notauli not internally carinate or only weakly carinate in the other species of Aegilips). It can be distinguished from A. kozlovi due to its smooth mesoscutum and central scutellum (in A. kozlovi, mesoscutum transversely carinate in its entire surface and central scutellum areolate). Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Leg yellowish brown with darker coxae. Veins of wings yellowish.

Holotype
Head. Head square-shaped in anterior view (Fig. 1f), 1.4 times as broad as high, malar area expanded. Face smooth and punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.8 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.2 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus shorter than inter-toruli distance but larger than torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 2.3 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 7.0:4.0:3.0, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0. MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum covered by strongly coarse sculpture in its entire surface (Fig. 2c). Mesoscutum 1.2 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Mesoscutum shiny, from smooth to slightly alutaceous, never carinate; short hyaline pubescence uniformly distributed across its surface. Notaulus complete with horizontal carinae (Fig. 2f); median mesoscutal furrow present but not strong. Lateral mesoscutum smooth, punctate; parapsidal signum short, parascutal sulcus deeply excavated and internally carinate. central scutellum smooth while strongly areolate at margins (Fig. 2f), 0.8 times of mesoscutal length; scutellar foveae rounded, small, smooth, posteriorly defined by carina weakening in central scutellum; presence of large and elongated pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Anterior and ventral mesopleuron carinate with rugose microsculpture, central and posterior mesopleuron smooth. Mesopleural triangle smooth with two short sulcus in its anterior margin, glabrous. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum coriaceous, densely pubescent, divided in large cells; central area longitudinally divided by median carina, with some transverse weak carination.
Fore wings. Pubescent, marginal pubescence denser at apical third. Radial cell closed, 2.5 times as long as wide. Vein 2rm absent.

Biology
Unknown.

Diagnosis
Species with complete and not internally carinate notauli and smooth mesoscutum, similar to A .nitidulus. However, most of the mesopleural surface is completely wrinkled, a character exclusive of this species (other Palaeartic species of Aegilips present some antero-ventral carinae in the mesopleuron but they never reach central mesopleuron).
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Leg yellow with darker coxae. Veins of wings dark brown.
Head. Head square-shaped in anterior view, 1.4 times as broad as high, malar area expanded. Face smooth, punctate, with short pubescence except in central rostrum, which is glabrous. Malar area coriaceous, 0.7 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous and shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus larger than inter-toruli distance and torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth, glabrous except for few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absent. In dorsal view 1.7 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. POL: OOL: LOL is 6.5:5.0:3.0, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0. MesosoMa. Pronotal plate smooth. Pronotum covered by short pubescence, ventral pronotum densely wrinkled (Fig. 3a). Mesoscutum almost as broad as long in dorsal view (25:24). Mesoscutum shiny, smooth; short hyaline pubescence uniformly distributed across its surface. Notaulus complete, not internally carinate, coarse margins; median mesoscutal furrow present. Lateral mesoscutum smooth and punctate; parapsidal signum absent; parascutal sulcus absent, presence of coarse band instead. Scutellum smooth with rugose margins, 0.6 times as long as mesoscutum; scutellar foveae rounded, smooth, posteriorly defined by carina weakening in central scutellum; presence of large and elongated pit next to inner margin of scutellar foveae. Interfoveal line complete. Circumscutellar carina complete but not projected to form tooth in lateral view. Mesopleural surface densely wrinkled except for dorso-posterior margin (Fig. 3a). Mesopleural triangle strongly coarse. Metanotal troughs glabrous, almost smooth except for some weak coarse sculpture. Propodeum coriaceous, densely pubescent, divided in large cells; central area longitudinally divided by median carina, with some transverse weak carination.

Biology
Unknown.

Diagnosis
It shares the presence of incomplete notauli with A. atricornis, A. flavidicornis, and A. paucus. However, it can be easily distinguished due to the absence of mesoscutal and scutellar sculpture (other species of Aegilips present some degree of sculpture in the scutellum) and the presence an elongated 2rm vein, a character that sets it apart from other Palaearctic species of Aegilips (vein 2rm absent in other Palaearctic species of Aegilips).
Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Leg yellowish brown with darker coxae. Veins of wings yellowish.
Head. Head from triangular to sub-square-shaped in anterior view (Fig. 1d); 1.3 times as broad as high, malar area not expanded. Face smooth, punctate, with short uniform pubescence. Malar area coriaceous, 0.7-0.8 times as long as compound eye. Clypeus smooth, glabrous to sparcely pubescent, shortly projected; anterior tentorial pits small, indistinct. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as compound eye. Diameter of torulus equal to inter-toruli distance, slightly larger than torulus-eye distance. Frons, gena and occiput smooth and glabrous with few sparse setae; occipital and postocular carinae absents. In dorsal view 2.3 times as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Compound eyes glabrous. In males POL: OOL: LOL is 6.0:5.0:3.0, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.5; in females POL: OOL: LOL is 7.0:6.0:2.5, diameter of lateral ocellus is 2.0.

Biology
Unknown.

Discussion
The present work introduces important changes in our knowledge about the status of the Palaeartic species of Aegilips. The previously valid species A. curvipes, A. gemellus, A. laevis, A. montanus and A. punctatus have been considered to fall within the morphological diversity range of A. nitidulus, and are thus synonymized with it; A. vena has also been discovered to be a junior synonymy of A. zaitzevi. Taking those new synonyms and the description of A. insularis Mata-Casanova & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., the number of Aegilips species diminishes to 22 species, 13 of them being found in the Palaearctic region: A. atricornis, A. flavidicornis, A. insularis Mata-Casanova & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., A. kozlovi, A. longicellus, A. nitidulus, A. notatus, A. paucus, A. punctulatus, A. romseyensis, A. ustulatus and A. zaitzevi. Two species -A. atricornis -are and A. romseyensis also present in the Indomalayan region. The lack of type material for A. notatus and A. punctulatus makes their identity uncertain, and thus they have been designated as incertae sedis.
Aegilips atricornis, A. romseyensis and A. vena were recorded for the first time by Fergusson (1985) and were restricted to the United Kingdom. The study of large series of undetermined material has extended their known distribution area. Aegilips atricornis is well represented in the Western Palaearctic region, ranging from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula to Scandinavia and Cyprus, also being present in Madeira. Specimens of Aegilips atricornis have also been found in northern regions of Pakistan, India and China, thus being the first citation of the genus in the Indomalayan region and extending the distribution area of the species to the Eastern Eurasia. A similar pattern has been found for A. romseyensis, with a wide distribution across the Western Palaearctic region and being also present in the Eastern Palaearcic (China) and Indomalayan regions.
A similar distribution can be found in Aegilips longicellus, A. paucus and A. zaitzevi. Aegilips longicellus and A. paucus, previously only known from Central Asia and Mongolia, are cited for the first time in the Western Palaearctic, in the United Kingdom. Aegilips zaitzevi, after the synonymy of A. vena, is also present in the United Kingdom. Thus, the distribution areas for these three species are divided in two separate zones, being recorded at United Kingdom on one side and Central Asia, Mongolia and the Russian Far East on the other. The split pattern in their records we see in A. atricornis, A. kozlovi, A. longicellus, A. nitidulus, A. paucus, A. romseyensis and A. zaitzevi suggests a wide distribution across Eurasia, probably a collection artifact if we take into account the scarce Central Asian record.
Other Palaearctic species of the genus present a more restricted recorded area: A. flavidicornis, A. paucus and A. ustulatus are only recorded from Central Asia, recorded from China, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgystan respectively, with no new records added. The newly described species A. insularis Mata-Casanova & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., has also only been recorded from Madeira.
Aegilips nitidulus was previously known from Western Europe, but the new synonymies and new records found when studying undetermined material have shown a distribution pattern of known records similar to A. zaitzevi, divided in two areas: one area extended across all Europe and most of the Western Palaearctic region, from the Iberian Peninsula in the west and the Caucasus mountain range as its easternmost location, while having another smaller distribution area in the Russian Far East. Its range is further extended to reach the Azores archipelago. Thus the genus Aegilips in the Macaronesian islands is well represented with three species: A. atricornis, A. nitidulus and A. insularis Mata-Casanova & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., the last being endemic of the region.
The Eurasian species of Aegilips are as morphologically diverse as those belonging to Xyalaspis. The main differences are related to the length and appearance of notauli and the sculpture of the scutellum. Regarding the notauli, two features should be mentioned: its extension and the presence of internal sculpture. The notauli in Aegilips can reach the anterior edge of the mesoscutum or be incomplete.
In A. kozlovi and A. romseyensis the notauli are complete and deeply excavated (Fig. 2e-f), while A. insularis, A. nitidulus and A. ustulatus also have complete notauli, but these are not as deeply excavated ( Fig. 2a-b, g). Aegilips atricornis (Fig. 3d) and A. flavidicornis (Fig. 3c) represent the transitional state between complete and incomplete notauli: both species possess long notauli, almost reaching the anterior edge of mesoscutum in some individuals in A. atricornis (Fig. 3d), but those are always incomplete. The notauli in A. zaitzevi are shorter, disappearing in the anterior third of mesoscutum (Fig. 2h), while the notauli of A. longicellus and A. paucus present the shortest ones in the Palaearctic range of Aegilips ( Fig. 3b-f), reaching only 1/3 of the mesoscutum total length and being almost unnoticeable in some specimens, especially in A. paucus. The horizontal carinae of the notauli show less variation: in A. kozlovi and A. romseyensis the notauli are internally divided by strong carinae (Fig. 2e-f), but in A. nitidulus and A. insularis the carinae are smooth (Fig. 2a, g). The other species of Aegilips studied have no trace of notaular sculpture.
Scutellar sculpture similarly has a wide range of variation, from a completely smooth scutellum without a trace of scutellar foveae, to a strongly areolate scutellum. Aegilips insularis represents the smoothest appearance the scutellum can have, with very tenuous scutellar foveae and without any other sculpture feature ( Fig. 2a-b). Aegilips flavidicornis, A. ustulatus and A. zaitzevi have the central mesoscutum smooth or weakly coarse while having the margins areolate and the scutellar foveae clearly defined (Figs 2h,3c). Aegilips longicellus and A. nitidulus represent the next step in scutellar sculpture, both having strong areolate sculpture at the margins of the scutellum while having the central scutellum tenuously coarse to strongly areolate; however, in A. longicellus the interfoveal line is very short and the scutellar foveae are not basally defined by a carina (Fig. 3b), a state of characters not seen in A. nitidulus (which has a complete interfoveal line and a strong carina basally defining the scutellar foveae) (Fig. 2g). The closely related A. kozlovi and A. romseyensis (Fig. 2e-f) greatly differ in the scutellar sculpture: A. romseyensis presents alutaceous central scutellum (Fig. 2f) similar to A. longicellus and A. nitidulus while in A. kozlovi the scutellum is heavily areolate (Fig. 2e). Finally, A. atricornis and A. paucus present a strongly areolate scutellum in its entire surface (Fig. 3d, f). A noteworthy feature that should be mentioned is the presence of the 2rm vein in A. zaitzevi (Fig. 1r), a character not seen in either Xyalaspis or in other species of Aegilips. This character makes the species easily distinguishable from the rest of the Palaearctic species of the genus.
Regarding the biology of the Palaearctic species of Aegilips, only A. atricornis and A. nitidulus have known hosts belonging to Hemerobiidae (Fergusson 1986). Both species have been cited attacking the larvae of Wesmaelius betulinus (Strøm, 1788) and W. subnebulosus (Stephens, 1836). Wesmaelius seems to be a common host for Palaearctic anacharitines: Anacharis eucharioides (Dalman, 1818) and Xyalaspis petiolata Kieffer, 1901 have also been described as parasitoids of W. betulinus and W. subnebulosus (Fergusson 1986). However, the hosts of most of the Palaearctic species of Aegilips and other Anacharitinae from this region are still unknown, so more research should be done in order to fully comprehend their biology.
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) for tips on how to solve nomenclatural problems regarding Aegilips. Also, to George Melika (Pest Diagnostic Laboratory) for translating the original descriptions of Belizin. This study has been funded by project CGL2014-56151-P of the Science and Innovation Ministry of Spain.