Revision of the Neotropical species of Pareucamptonyx Olmi (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) with descriptions of new species

. The genus Pareucamptonyx Olmi, 1991 is endemic to the New World and comprises three described species, two from the Neotropical region and one from the Nearctic. Here is presented the ﬁ rst revision of species of Pareucamptonyx from the Neotropical region, including four new species described from Brazil: P. albopictus Martins sp. nov., P . kumagaiae Martins sp. nov., P. niger Martins sp. nov. and P. paranaensis Martins sp. nov. Detailed illustrations, distribution map, and key to females are provided, as well as a revised diagnosis of the genus and notes about the method of collection. Additionally, new distribution records for P. townesi (Olmi, 1984) are reported.

Among the genera of Gonatopodinae, Pareucamptonyx Olmi, 1991 is more closely related to Eucamptonyx Perkins, 1907, with the shared feature of the enlarged claw of the chela with the apex rounded, without a tooth.However, Pareucamptonyx can be separated from Eucamptonyx by the enlarged claw of the chela with one row of bristles and the palpomeres in the proportion 6:3, while in Eucamptonyx the enlarged claw has one row of lamellae (Olmi & Virla 2014: fi g 148b-c) and palpomere formula 5:3 or 6:3.Both genera are distributed in the New World (Nearctic and Neotropical regions), but Eucamptonyx has also been recorded from the Australian region (Olmi & Virla 2014).
Pareucamptonyx is one of the smallest genera of Gonatopodinae, currently including three species endemic to the New World (Olmi & Virla 2014;Guglielmino et al . 2016).This genus is considered rare because few specimens are available in zoological collections and males are unknown, as well as its biology and hosts (Olmi & Virla 2014;Guglielmino et al . 2016;Martins, pers. obs. ).
Here, we present a revision of the genus Pareucamptonyx from the Neotropical region, with descriptions of four new species, identifi cation key, illustrations and taxonomic notes for the species.

Material and methods
We examined 17 female specimens of Pareucamptonyx , belonging to the institutions listed below.The holotypes of P. townesi (Olmi, 1984) and P. zulianus (Olmi, 1986) ( Gonatopus zulianus ) were examined by photographs provided by the respective curators.The external morphology was examined using a LEICA M125 stereo microscope equipped with a micrometer eyepiece.The species were identifi ed using the keys proposed by Olmi & Virla (2014) and Olmi (1984).Morphological terminology follows Olmi and Virla (2014) and the sculpture of the integument follows Harris (1979) and Olmi & Virla (2014).The term rhinaria sensu Olmi (1984) and Olmi & Virla (2014) used herein is equivalent to "ADOs", antennal dorsal organs, in the sense of Riolo et al . (2016).
The photographs were obtained using a LEICA digital camera, DFC295, attached to the LEICA stereoscopic microscope, and stacked using Zerene Stacker software (ver.1.04 Build).Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained through the VEGA3 TESCAN equipment at the Electronic Microscopy Center of the Universidade Federal do Paraná.The fi gure boards were made using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software and illustrations of the chelae using Adobe Illustrator CS6.
The labels of the specimens were transcribed as follows: a backslash ( \ ) indicates the different lines on the label; two bars ( // ) indicate information in vertical lines; and two quotation marks ( " " ) indicate different labels on the same specimen.
Geographical coordinates not indicated on the labels were obtained using the Google Earth 4.0 software.The distribution map was created using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010).Additional records of P. zulianus were compiled from the information presented in Olmi and Virla (2014) and Martins et al. (2015a) for the following countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana and Venezuela.

Diagnosis
Body predominantly black, except antenna brown testaceous, mandible and ventral surface of scape white; legs brown, except part of coxa, trochanter, tibia and tarsomeres whitish; metasoma dark brown testaceous.Body with short and sparse pilosity, except malar space, part of frons and clypeus with dense and long pilosity.

Diagnosis
Body predominantly brown testaceous and with fi ne and short pilosity; head rugose, except part of face and vertex smooth; frontal line and occipital carina absent; fl agellomeres 5-8 with rhinaria; mesoscutum without lateral pointed apophyses; propodeum with several irregular transverse carinae.Enlarged claw with one row of fi ve bristles, and 5 th tarsomere with inner margin with one row of six lamellae and apex with about 10 lamellae.

Etymology
The new species is named in honor of Dra Alice Fumi Kumagai, an entomologist of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, for her dedication to the study of Neotropical Ichneumonidae.

Remarks
Pareucamptonyx kumagaiae Martins sp.nov.resembles P. niger Martins sp.nov.due to the rhinaria on fl agellomere 5-8; mesoscutellum without lateral pointed apophyses; and by the number of lamellae on the inner margin of the 5 th protarsomere.However, P. kumagaiae differs by the body predominantly brown testaceous; frontal line absent; mesoscutum rugose, with irregular longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 9 B); chela with inner margin of the 5 th protarsomere with one row of six lamellae and three long bristles ( Fig. 10 B

Diagnosis
Body predominantly black, except part of antenna, pronotum, legs and metasoma brown testaceous and chela white.Head with short and sparse pilosity, except gena glabrous; pronotum and legs with short and sparse pilosity; head rugose, except vertex partially smooth and clypeus granulate; gena smooth, except region near to malar space granulate; occipital carina absent; frontal line incomplete; pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum smooth; mesoscutum without lateral pointed apophyses; mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, except posterior surface with some transverse carinae; propodeum smooth and with many sparse transverse carinae.Enlarged claw with one row of fi ve bristles; inner margin of 5 th protarsomere with fi ve lamellae and distal apex with 17 lamellae.

Remarks
The right antenna of the holotype lacks fl agellomeres 6-8 and the left antenna lost its pedicel and fl agellomeres.Therefore, measurements and description of the coloration were made from the paratype.Pareucamptonyx niger Martins sp.nov.resembles P. kumagaiae Martins sp.nov.due to its mesoscutellum without lateral pointed apophyses; fl agellomere 5-8 with rhinaria; 5 th protarsomere with reduced number of lamellae and number of bristles of the enlarged claw.However, P. niger differs by the body predominantly black or brown ferruginous; frontal line complete; mesoscutum predominantly smooth ( Fig. 9 C), except some longitudinal carinae on lateral surface; chela with inner margin of the 5 th protarsomere with one row of fi ve lamellae and two long bristles ( Fig. 10 C

Diagnosis
Body predominantly black, except part of antenna, pronotum, legs and metasoma brown testaceous.
Head with short and sparse pilosity except on malar space with dense and long whitish pilosity; pronotum, mesosoma, legs and metasoma with short and sparse pilosity.Head rugose, except gena smooth; pronotum smooth; mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, except with transverse carinae on posterior surface; mesoscutum with two lateral pointed apophyses; propodeum smooth and with European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 152-176 (2022) transverse carinae.Enlarged claw with one row of seven bristles on inner margin; inner margin of 5 th protarsomere with two rows of about 23 lamellae and four long bristles, apex with about 23 lamellae.

Etymology
The species name refers to the state of Paraná where the type series was collected.

Diagnosis
Apterous, body length 2.0 mm in holotype and 3.5-3.9mm in the additional material.

Diagnosis
Apterous, body length 3.25 mm.Body predominantly black, except mandible, scape and pedicel testaceous; fl agellomeres 1-7 brown, and 8 th whitish ( Fig. 8 A, C-D); legs dark brown testaceous years, increasing the chance of sampling some apterous dryinids.We suppose that the specimens are occasionally collected when females are foraging near the trap.The most effective method to collect the apterous Gonatopodinae is by sweeping techniques, mainly over shrubs and grasses near the soil (Martins 2019).
Based on the study of the Neotropical species of Pareucamptonyx we observed some differences in comparison to the Nearctic species, as follows: (1) in the Neotropical species the ocellar ratio OL is as long as POL, whereas in the Nearctic species, OL is longer than POL; (2) in the Neotropical species the frontal line is variable and may be incomplete in Pareucamptonyx zulianus , P. paranaensis Martins sp.nov., P. niger Martins sp.nov.and P. albopictus Martins sp.nov.or absent in P. townesi and P. kumagaiae Martins sp.nov., whereas in the Nearctic species the frontal line is complete.However, as only one species is currently known from the Nearctic region ( P. waldreni ), perhaps these differences can be confi rmed (or not) if more Nearctic species are discovered in the future.
Among the species of Pareucamptonyx studied here, P. zulianus has the widest distribution in South American countries, although in Brazil it is restricted to the Southeast region.Pareucamptonyx townesi , only known from Brazil, is distributed in three states (Goiás, Mato Grosso and Paraná) and in the Federal District, comprising the South and Center-West regions.The distribution of species of Dryinidae in Brazil is poorly known, especially for females of Gonatopus and Pareucamptonyx .It is unknown for sure how wide the geographical distributions of each of these species are, since they are rarely collected, and as they are apterous, they do not have the ability to disperse through fl ight, which should restrict their dispersal and geographical distribution compared to other, winged groups.
Although Olmi & Virla (2014) recognize wide interspecifi c variation for several species in the Neotropics, we believe that interspecifi c variation is more restricted than this.Based on all specimens studied herein and others that we have been studying, we do not consider that Dryinidae, especially the Gonatopodinae, present wide intraspecifi c variation in rhinaria, frontal line, integument sculpture or number of lamellae in the elongated claw and, therefore, these characters can be used to delimit species (Martins pers. obs.).Recently, we have reared a relatively large number of species of Gonatopus Ljungh, some of them in a relatively large number of specimens, and we have not observed signifi cant polymorphism between specimens for these characters (Martins pers.obs.).
Body predominantly smooth, except part of head rugose; frontal line presente; posterior surface of mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with sparse transverse carinae.Enlarged claw with one row of four bristles; inner margin of 5 th protarsomere with two rows of 21 lamellae and distal apex with 21 lamellae.MARTINS A.L. & DOMAHOVSKI A.C., Revision of Pareucamptonyx species from Neotropic Etymology