Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data

. Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from China are described, Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov., and Zaischnopsis zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov. All the new species are described and illustrated based on females, and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COI ) sequences are provided for the six new species as well as for the previously described Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang. Females of all the species of Zaischnopsis recorded from China are differentiated in a key.


Introduction
Zaischnopsis Ashmead, 1904 is classified in the subfamily Eupelminae Walker, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) with 41 species worldwide (Noyes 2021), previously recorded from all zoogeographic European Journal of Taxonomy 847: 1-27 (2022) 2 regions except the Palaearctic Region.Zaischnopsis was first described as Ischnopsis Ashmead, 1896 with I. opthalmica Ashmead, 1896 as type species; however, Ischnopsis Ashmead is preoccupied by Ischnopsis Wallsingham, 1881 and Ashmead (1904) therefore proposed the replacement name Zaischnopsis.Bouček (1988) synonymised Zaischnopsis under Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859, but Gibson (1995) reestablished Zaischnopsis as a valid name based on morphological differences.To date, males have not been described for any species of Zaischnopsis.This is because species of Zaischnopsis exhibit distinct sexual dimorphism as do all other eupelmine genera, the sexes being so dissimilar that usually they remain unassociated unless reared together (Gibson 1995).The phylogenetic relationships of Zaischnopsis were discussed by Gibson (1995).Females of some species appear to intergrade with females of Brasema Cameron, 1884 and Anastatus, indicating that the three genera are closely related and could form some pattern of nested paraphyly (Gibson 1995: figs 517-518).
In this study, six new species of Zaischnopsis are recognized morphologically among females collected by Malaise traps or by sweeping in China; two of the species were collected from the Palaearctic Region of China and thus represent the first records of Zaischnopsis from this region.The COI sequences from 14 specimens of the six new species and Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang, 2018 are also provided.

Sampling of specimens
Specimens were collected from 2013 to 2020 by Malaise trap or sweeping in the field, and then stored in 95% ethanol at -20ºC until DNA extraction, specimens were numbered with a unique DNA voucher as "DNA XXX".All type specimens are stored in the Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China (FAFU) (http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12855).

Imaging and morphological terminology
Descriptions were based on specimens examined with a Leica M165C stereo microscope and a Leica LED 5000 HDI dome light source, and imaged with a Leica MC170 HD digital camera attached to the microscope.Serial images were combined with Zerene Stacker and Adobe Photoshop was used to edit pictures and enhance clarity.Scanning electron photomicrographs were obtained from pinned, coated or uncoated specimens using a HITACHI SU3500 scanning electronic microscope in SE or UVD mode.Terms for structure and sculpture, and their abbreviations follow Peng et al. (2018).Descriptions of new species are based on the holotype, any major intraspecific variation is discussed under variation section.

DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing
Genomic DNA was extracted from the entire specimen using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's protocol, with some modifications: the specimen was pricked with an insect pin at the gaster to make a hole, and incubated at 56ºC overnight.The COI barcode fragment was amplified using the primers LCO1490 (5′-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTG-3′) and HCO2198 (5′-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAAT-3′) (Folmer et al. 1994).PCRs were performed on a volume of 50 μl containing 5 μl 10 × Ex-Taq Buffer (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), 2 μl each primer (10 μM), 0.5 μl Ex-Taq, 4 μl dNTP Mix, 33.75 μl ddH 2 O and 4 μl DNA template.PCR amplification was employed with initial denaturation at 94ºC for 1 min, followed by 5 cycles of 1 min at 94ºC for denaturation, 1 min and 30 s at 50ºC for annealing and 1 min at 72ºC for extension, and one more circulation followed by 35 cycles of 1 min at 94ºC for denaturation, 1 min and 30 s at 54ºC for annealing and 1 min at 72ºC for extension, with a final extension at 72ºC for 5 min.After electrophoresis with 0.8% agarose gel, the target DNA was sent to Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) for sequencing.

Sequence data analyses
Geneious R11 (Auckland, New Zealand) was used to check the quality of the peak pattern, manually correct and spline the sequencing results, and export them as FASTA format for subsequent analysis.
The sequences were aligned with ClustalW in MEGA ver.7.0 (Kumar et al. 2016) and then confirmed whether they could be successfully translated into amino sequences without termination codons or frameshift mutations by using MEGA.We also analysed the DNA sequence compositions and calculated the pairwise genetic distance based on the Kimura-2-parameter model (Kimura 1980).To further verify our morphological identification, ABGD web (https://bioinfo.mnhn.fr/abi/public/abgd/abgdweb.html) was used to delimit the species, and the results proved to be consistent with our identification results.All of the sequences were submitted to GenBank, with the accession numbers given in Table 1.

COI sequence analysis
COI was successfully amplified for 14 specimens, with the sequences ranging from 516 to 826 bp (Table 1).Sequences containing 510 base pairs were recovered for the studied species, which included 208 variable sites and 302 conserved sites.COI interspecific distances ranged from 14.9% to 23.8% (Table 2).Variable sites included 146 parsimony informative sites and 62 singleton sites.In the whole sequences structure, the A, G, C and T base compositions were 29.2%, 14.7%, 11.8% and 44.3%, respectively, and showed clearly a A+T base preference, meeting the basic characteristics of base composition of insect mitochondrial genes.The NJ tree (Neighbor-Joining) (Fig. 11) was constructed using MEGA with the default settings and showed the same results with ABGD website.Genus Zaischnopsis Ashmead, 1904

Generic diagnosis
Females are characterized by the following characters (Gibson 1995(Gibson , 2005)): body usually dark with various metallic lusters, but sometimes yellow to brown; head with ventral margin of torulus lower than lower orbit, scrobal depression deep or not but dorsally delimiting linear or only very narrow region along upper inner orbit; antenna with scape sometimes slender though often variably compressed; clypeus flat; mandible tridentate; pronotum usually subtriangular and divided medially; mesoscutum usually flat with anterior and lateral parts slightly raised, posterior part slightly concave; mesopectus with setae, acropleuron usually bare; fore wing usually hyaline at base, infuscate beyond base of parastigma, and sometimes with one or more lighter colored band or spots behind marginal vein; mesotibia with oblique apical groove and with dark apical pegs in a patch; gaster elongate, base of gaster usually without white region unlike species of Anastatus; syntergum apically reflexed into fingernail like flange.

Etymology
The species name is in reference to the COVID-19 virus, which caused global panic.
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 1B), with coppery to greenish-yellow metallic luster medially and bright purple luster laterally, setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate.Mesoscutum (Fig. 1B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly, with anterior convex region and lateral lobes reddish-brown, posterior depressed region with bright blue metallic luster, setae brownish and hair-like except setae of posterior depressed region white and lanceolate.Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 1B) with coppery to golden luster, setae brown, disc flat with coarsely reticulate sculpture arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.51 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 1H) coppery-brown with metallic greenish-yellow luster; tegula (Fig. 1B) with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus purple with slight green metallic luster, with sparse, long white hair-like setae anteriorly, and denser patch of long white hair-like setae posteriorly underneath acropleural sulcus; acropleuron (Fig. 1H) coppery with greenish-yellow metallic luster.Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron entirely sculptured, transversely reticulate-imbricate. Propodeum (Figs 1I, 10A) dark with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped, plical region comparatively long, rugose and bare except for one patch of setae anterior to spiracle, callus smooth and bare except for long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 1E) extended to near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline but slight infuscate basally with brown setae, mediocubital fold with dark setae; disc with white setae in anterior and posterior triangular hyaline regions but infuscate with dark setae beyond level of parastigma except for region of orange brown setae within dark brown setae beyond parastigma basal to hyaline region, and gradually lightened distally to more hyaline apex; stigmal vein distinctly bent so as to parallel leading wing margin distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17: 22: 10: 5. Fore leg (Fig. 1A) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia dark brown, tarsus brown except rows of pegs black, spur brown and shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark brown, basal one third of tibia bright yellow to white, dorsally with white hair-like setae, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined.
gaster (Fig. 1A).Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance equal to length of basal metatarsomere.

Remarks
There are three species from the Oriental region whose females have two hyaline spots behind the marginal vein of the fore wing, Z. biharensis (Narendram, 2004) (Narendran et al. 2007: fig. 8), Z. bathericus Narendran, 2007(Narendran et al.: 2007: fig. 12), and Z. covid sp.nov.(Fig. 1A); the former two species are found only in India (Narendran et al. 2007).The fore wing apical angle of Z. biharensis is more acute than in the other two species (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 49), and the two hyaline spots of Z. biharensis are round, not triangular as in the other two species.The fore wing of Z. bathericus has one irregularly shaped brown spot behind the parastigma (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 50), not round as in Z. covid at the same position.The frons of most of the Oriental species of Zaischnopsis is reticulate or coriaceous, but the frons of Z. covid is almost smooth (Fig. 7A, G).

Variation
Females vary in length from about 3.3-4.2mm.Color of the pedicel variable, blue to light green; clava about 0.42-0.70× as wide as long.

Diagnosis
Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression not delimited, ventral part of scrobal depression smooth (Fig. 7B); antennal clava about 2.6 × as long as wide (Fig. 2G).Legs with mesotibia and metatibia yellowish brown (Fig. 2A).Fore wing disc infuscate with light brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white setae behind marginal vein (Fig. 2E).

Etymology
The species name is a combination of the Latin words 'fusca', 'dark colored', and 'lividus', 'bluish', in reference to the dark blue mesoscutum.
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 2B), dark purple with metallic luster; setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate.Mesoscutum (Fig. 2B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, metallic blue with middle part of anterior convex region and lateral lobes slightly yellowish-green, setae of anterior convex region and lateral lobes brownish and hair-like, setae of posterior depressed region and lower part of lateral lobes white and lanceolate.Scutellar-axillar complex coppery except lateral surface of scutellum somewhat blue, setae brown, disc of scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 2B) flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.38 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 2H) dark brown with slight yellow luster, tegula with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus greenish-purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron dark purple with green metallic luster.Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron with distinctly transverse reticulate-imbricate sculpture.Propodeum (Figs 2H-I, 10B) dark with yellowish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broad U-shaped; plical region short, reticulate-rugose, with three setae near inner margin of spiracle and one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus coriaceous and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 2E) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with light brown setae, mediocubital fold with sparse, light brown setae; disc with setae light brown and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein slightly bent distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17.5: 22.5: 16.5: 7. Fore leg (Fig. 2A) with femur black, knee brown, tibia with basal half dark brown and apical half yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femora brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus white to light brown except rows of pegs dark brown and spur brown, mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark with green metallic luster, knee brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined.
gaster (Fig. 2A).Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance slightly shorter than length of basal metatarsomere.

Remarks
The fore wing of females Z. fuscolivida sp.nov.lack any hyaline spot or band, which distinguishes them from those of other species of Zaischnopsis from China.Females do resemble Z. locustae (Girault, 1919), recorded only from Java, Indonesia, but females of Z. locustae have white setae on the vertex and temple (Peng et al. 2018: figs 53, 56) versus brown for Z. fuscolivida (Fig. 2C), and the metatibia is dark brown except the basal half of the dorsal margin which is white (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 57) versus yellowish-brown (Fig. 2A).

Variation
The length of the females varies from about 4.3 to 5.8 mm.The color of the pedicel is variable, blue to yellowish-green; the shape of the posterior ocellus is sometimes rhomboid or oval, the OOL varies from 0.14 to 0.31 × as wide as MPOD.
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 3B), with dark purple metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, reticulate.Mesoscutum (Figs 3B, 8K) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, yellowish-green with lateral lobes slightly purple, anterior convex region with white hair-like setae (Fig. 8L), setae of posterior depressed region light brown and lanceolate (Fig. 8M), and lateral lobe with setae white and lanceolate (Fig. 8N).Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 3B) rusty with slight green luster, setae brown and hair-like (Figs 3B, 8O); disc flat (Figs 3B, 8K) with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.5 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 3H) black with green to purple metallic luster; tegula with light brown hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron black with purple and green metallic luster.Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron distinctly imbricate.Propodeum (Figs 3H-I, 10C) black with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped; plical region long, reticulate, with one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus almost smooth and bare, but with long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 3F) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline, with long brown setae, but slight infuscate at base, mediocubital fold with sparse brown setae; disc infuscate behind parastigma and stigma vein, with dense brown setae and gradually lightened distally, with one inconspicuous and irregularly shaped hyaline region behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein distinctly bent distally to parallel anterior margin, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 11.0:10.0: 7.0: 3.6.Fore leg (Fig. 3A) with knee brown, femur and tibia black, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femur black, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown, spur black, tibial spur shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with femur black except basal part brown, knee brown, tibia yellowish brown to brown, basal half of dorsal margin milky white, tarsus brown, basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined.
gaster (Fig. 3A).Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown to black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance as long as length of basal three metatarsomeres.

Remarks
The fore wing color pattern of females of Z. lii sp.nov.resembles to some extent that of some females of Z. zhongi sp.nov., but they are distinguished by their ∩-like scrobal depression shape compared to the much narrower scrobal depression of females of Z. zhongi (Fig. 7F).Further, the clava of Z. lii is much longer than that of females of the other new species described in this paper, and the margin between each clava segment is S-shaped curved (Fig. 9F).

Variation
The length of females of this new species varies from about 5.7 to 6.1 mm; one paratype has the scape slightly expanded, the relative length(width) is 36(10); hind legs of the paratype are bright orange, except the outer sides of the femora are black.

Etymology
From the Latin word 'pax' ('peace'), we pray for world peace.
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 4B), dark with slight green metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate.Mesoscutum (Fig. 4B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly, dark with slight greenish-purple metallic luster, anterior convex region with setae white and hair-like, setae of posterior depressed region and lateral lobe white and lanceolate.Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 4B) dark purple, setae brown and hair-like; disc flat (Fig. 4B) with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.38 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 4G) dark purple with margins slight yellow; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long white hair-like setae in a patch anterolaterally; acropleuron reddish-purple with green metallic luster.Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally imbricate sculpture medially but more coriaceous to reticulate anteriorly, posterior region coriaceous but with slight reticulate pattern.Propodeum (Fig. 10D) black with slight green metallic luster, anterior margin V-shaped; plical region very short, the V-shaped emargination extending to propodeal foramen, reticulate, with one patch of setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly, callus obscurely coriaceous and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 4E) extended to near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with long white setae except infuscate basally with brown setae, mediocubital fold with sparse white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except hyaline distally beyond level of postmarginal vein, and with one hyaline crossband with white setae behind marginal vein distally.Fore wing stigmal vein distinctly bent anteriorly to parallel anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 10.0:6.5: 6.0: 2.0.Fore leg (Fig. 4A, G) black, except tarsus brown; middle leg black, tibia with dense white setae, except tarsus white to light yellow, spur yellowish-brown, mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus of middle leg; hind leg black with dense white setae on tibia, except tarsus white to light yellow, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined.

Remarks
Females of this new species resemble those of Z. tubatius (Walker, 1852) because both have dense white setae on the metatibia and a complete hyaline cross-band on the fore wing, but Z. pacis sp.nov. is distinguished by its darker body color, and the scape (Fig. 4F) not being foliaceously dilated as for females of Z. tubatius (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 32).

Etymology
From the Latin word 'campana' ('bell') in reference to the bell-shape of scrobal depression (Fig. 5C).
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 5B), dark with reddish-green to blue metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate.Mesoscutum (Fig. 5B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly; dark with slight greenishblue metallic luster, anterior convex region dark brown with brown hair-like setae, setae of posterior depressed region and lateral lobe white and lanceolate.Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 5B) dark purple with green metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; disc flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.71 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 5G) dark brown to yellowish-brown; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long hair-like white setae; acropleuron reddish-purple with green metallic luster; mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron very finely longitudinally imbricate to coriaceous.Propodeum (Figs 5I, 10E) dark blue with slight greenish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly U-shaped; plical region comparatively long, reticulate, with one patch of setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly, callus coriaceous and bare, except with long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 5E) extended near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with white setae except for one small brown region with brown setae at base, mediocubital fold setose with white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except lightened distally, and with one hyaline spot with white setae behind marginal vein, the spot almost triangular in shape; stigmal vein distinctly bent distally so as to parallel anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 14.0: 12.0: 7.2: 3.7.Fore leg (Fig. 5A, G) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia black, tarsus milky-white to light brown, spur yellowish-brown, shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with tibia black except basal half of dorsal margin milky-white, tarsus white to light brown, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined.

Remarks
The fore wing of females of Z. campaniformis sp.nov.has a hyaline spot similar to Z. zhongi sp.nov.(Fig. 6E), but the spot is more distinctly triangular (Fig. 5E).Further, females are distinguished by the color of the anterior convex region of the mesoscutum, this being dark brown for Z. campaniformis (Fig. 5B) rather than green for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B).Further, the pronotum of Z. campaniformis is distinctly bicolored (Fig. 5B), rather than yellowish-blue for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B).Females of Z. campaniformis can also be distinguished by the color of the scrobal depression, having less luster and a more greenish pattern (Fig. 5C) rather than the dark blue color of Z. zhongi (Fig. 6C).

Variation
The body length of the paratype is 4.9 mm; the color of the pronotum is more coppery than that of the holotype.
MesosoMa.Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 6B), dark with yellowish-green to blue metallic luster, setae hair-like and brown; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate.Mesoscutum (Fig. 6B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly; dark with yellowish-green metallic luster, setae of mesoscutum brown and hair-like except lower portion of lateral lobe white and hair-like.Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 6B) with reddish-green metallic luster, setae brown and hairlike, disc flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae region; scutellum 1.58 × as long as broad.Prepectus (Fig. 6H) with yellowish-green metallic luster; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark green, with sparse, long white hair-like setae anterolaterally; acropleuron dark purple with slight green metallic luster; mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron very finely longitudinally imbricate to coriaceous.Propodeum (Figs 6I, 10F) black with bright blue metallic luster, anterior margin very broad V-shaped; plical region comparatively long, reticulate, with patch of white setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly and laterally, callus almost smooth and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally.Fore wing (Fig. 6E) extended near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with white setae except for infuscate region with brown setae basally, mediocubital fold with sparse white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except lightened and more hyaline apically beyond level of postmarginal vein, and with one, almost round, hyaline spot with white setae behind marginal vein; fore wing stigmal vein slightly bent to anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 12.0: 8.6: 5.8: 2.6.Fore leg (Fig. 6A) with femur dark brown to black, knee dark brown; tibia black except apex dark brown, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur black, knee brown, tibia dark brown, tarsus milky-white, spur yellowish brown, shorter than basitarsus of middle leg; hind legs with tibia black to dark brown except basal half milky-white, tibia white to light brown, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined.

Remarks
The fore wing of females of Z. zhongi sp.nov.has a single hyaline spot with white setae behind the marginal vein (Fig. 6E) similar to that of females of Z. nivalinota Peng & Xiang, 2018(Peng et al. 2018: fig.26).However, females of Z. zhongi have the vertex and mesoscutum more yellowish and greenish (cf.Fig. 6B, D with Peng et al. 2018: figs 23, 25) and the concave posterior of the mesoscutum less setose (Fig. 6B) than females of Z. nivalinota (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 22).Further, the ovipositor sheaths of Z. zhongi are brown, whereas they are black with the apex brown for Z. nivalinota, and the plical region of propodeum of Z. zhongi is somewhat longer (Fig. 6I) than that of Z. nivalinota (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 27).

Variation
The paratype is 5.4 mm in length; with only the dorsal margin of the basal half of the metatibia white, whereas the holotype (Fig. 6A) has the white region also across the lateral surfaces so as to extend to the ventral margin; the color of the antennal scape varies from yellowish-green to metallic blue.
LOL = minimal distance between anterior and a posterior ocellus MPOD = maximum diameter of posterior ocellus Mt = metasomal tergum MV = marginal vein OOL = minimal distance between posterior ocellus and inner orbit PMV = postmarginal vein POL = minimal distance between the posterior ocelli SMV = submarginal vein STV = stigmal vein