Gigasanalis , a new genus of the tribe Achilini with the description of a new species from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Achilidae)

. A new planthopper genus, Gigasanalis Long & Chen gen. nov. (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Achilidae, Achilinae, Achilini) is established from South China (Hainan Province). A new species, Gigasanalis jianfenglingensis Long & Chen sp. nov., is described and illustrated.


Introduction
The Achilidae Stål, 1866 is a moderate-sized families of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), which is divided into 3 subfamilies (Achilinae Stål, 1866, Apatesoninae Metcalf, 1938and Myconinae Fennah, 1950), 13 tribes (11 extant and 2 extinct tribes), 162 genera and 515 species (including 14 fossil species from 11 genera) in recent years (Brysz & Szwedo 2017;Bartlett et al. 2018;Bourgoin 2022).Achilidae is distributed worldwide apart from Antarctic and Arctic regions, and with a higher diversity in the tropical and subtropical northern hemisphere (Brysz & Szwedo 2019;Bourgoin 2022).Currently, we know very little about the biology of this family.The feeding habits of immatures and adults are quite different.Their immatures, associated with rotting wood, are easily detected under the bark of dead wood, and possibly feed on fungal hyphae (O'Brien 1971;Asche 2015); for example, Cixidia confinis (Zetterstedt, 1828) has been reported to live under the bark of fallen pine trees (Gnezdilov et al. 2019).Adults feed on the phloem of woody plants, thus belong to phytophagous insects.
In this paper, a new genus and species of the tribe Achilini from Hainan, China, are established described and illustrated.

Material
The type material is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province China (IEGU).

Preparations and illustration
The color photographs were taken with a Keyence VHX-6000 system.External morphology was observed under an Olympus SZX7 stereoscopic microscope.Measurements were made with the aid of an eyepiece micrometer.The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH, then transferred to glycerol for examination.Drawings and external morphology were done with the aid of a Leica MZ 12.5 stereo microscope.Illustrations were scanned by a Canon CanoScan LiDE100 and imported into Adobe Photoshop CS5 for labeling and plate composition.

Measurements and abbreviations
Body length = length of specimen from apex of vertex to fore wing apex (in dorsal view) A/B = width of vertex at posterior margin / length of vertex at midline C/D = length of frons at midline / maximum width of frons D/E = maximum width of frons / width of frons at apex F/C = length of postclypeus at midline / length of frons at midline G/H = length of apical / length of subapical I/B = length of pronotum at midline / length of vertex at midline J/I = length of mesonotum at midline / length of pronotum at midline J/B+I = length of mesonotum at midline / cumulative length of vertex and pronotum at midline K/L = length of fore wing from the base to the apical margin in median portion / width of fore wing at the widest part M/N = length of hind wing from the base to the apical margin in median portion / width of hind wing at the widest part

Terminology
The momenclature of the wing veins follows the interpretation proposed by Asche (2015) and Bourgoin et al. (2015).The morphological terminology and measurements used in this study follow Chen et al. (1989), Yang & Chang (2000), Asche (2015) and Bourgoin (1993) for the female.

Diagnosis
The new genus differs from other taxa of Achilina Stål, 1866 by the following characters: 1) the genus is readily distinguished from other known genera in the tribe Achilini by disc of pronotum with anterior margin roundly concave; 2) stem MP forked in front of claval apex (Stem MP forked apicad of claval apex in Achilus Kirby, 1818, Olmiana Guglielmino, Bückle &Emeljanov, 2010 andOuwea Distant, 1907); 3) tegmen with wavy branches of MP and CuA.

Etymology
The genus name, which is masculine, is a combination of 'gigas' and 'analis', indicates the new genus has a large anal segment in Achilini.
THorax.Pronotum in mid line shorter than vertex; anterior margin of disk roundly concave, posterior margin elevated, with an incision angle of 145 degrees, median carina distinct, lateral carinae roundly convex towards eyes, not reaching hind margin; anterior margin of pronotal disc is placed between compound eyes at about half (Fig. 5).Mesonotum with scutellum nearly diamond, median area flat, lateral sections slope down, three carinae weak, median and lateral carinae nearly parallel, lateral carinae reaching posterior margin, median carina passing to mesoscutellum, mesoscutellum with transverse stripes (Fig. 5).
Wings.Fore wing with costal margin slightly convex; apical margin roundly convex; posterior margin with an angle of 155 degrees at apex of clavus; postcostal cell with one crossvein slightly basad of ScP+R forking; costal field with bent recurrent secondary veins; longitudinal veins ScP+R and MP arising as short common stem from basal cell, about ⅓ of length of ScP+R; stem ScP+R approximately 2/5 of length of tegmina (Fig. 8).Vein ScP+RA with fork clearly before RP fork, ending on costal margin with 7-8 terminals; vein RP with fork plainly after MP fork, ending on costal margin with 5-6 terminals; vein MP with fork plainly after CuA fork, before apex of clavus, with 6-7 terminals; veins MP and CuA with wavy branches, cell C4 with many cross veins; CuA with the first fork distinctly before ScP+RA fork, with 2-3 terminals; clavus terminating at middle of forewing, Pcu with 2-3 false transverse veins (Fig. 8).Hind wing with simple ScP+RA, reaching margin based of apex, branch RP vein with 1-2 terminals, stem MP with 2 terminals (MP 1+2 and MP 3+4 not branched), vein CuA with 4 terminals, vein A2 with blind branches (Fig. 9).

Host plant
Unknown.

Diversity and distribution
The genus is monotypic and contains a single species from South China (Hainan Province) (Fig. 24).

Diagnosis
The salient features of this new species following: 1) aedeagus with phallobase bilaterally symmetrical, dorsal periandrial lobe shovel-shaped with apex broadly concave (Fig. 14); 2) each paired inner penis rod with apex rod like and with three dorsal spines located at subapical (Figs 14-16); 3) anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 10) approximatively oblong-shaped, epiproct distinctly exceeding apical margin of anal segment, anal style with slightly exceeding apical margin of epiproct; 4) genital style with lobes tortuous and irregular, apical margin almost rounded .

Etymology
The species name refers to the type locality, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve, Hainan Province, China.CoLoraTion.Yellowish white to dark brown (Figs 1-4).Vertex yellowish brown (Figs 1, 3, 5).Frons brown, area along lateral margin with a broad longitudinal yellowish white stripe from upper margin to   below level of antennae (Fig. 7).Clypeus, rostrum and antennae brown.Genae yellowish white with area beneath antennae brown (Figs 2,4,6).Eyes and ocellus generally reddish brown (Fig. 6).Pronotum with area between lateral carinae (containing median and lateral carinae) dark brown, lateral lobes yellowish white, and ventral lobes brown (Figs 1-7).Mesonotum and tegula yellowish white (Figs 1,3,5).Fore wing dark brown to yellowish white, area at base yellowish white, costal margin with one small sharp triangle yellowish white marking and one large yellowish white stripe, and with another large triangle yellowish white marking at costal cell, area from base of postcostal cell to radial cell, median cell and base of C5 with numerous, small, yellowish white spots, main veins brown with branches pale brown to reddish brown, and short cross veins yellow to yellowish brown 8).Hind wing pale brown, veins brown (Fig. 9).Legs and abdomen brown to dark brown.MaLe TerMinaLia.Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 11) with posterior margin broadly convex in the middle, medioventral process (Fig. 12) with apical ½ divided into two large branches, each with apical margin roundly convex.Aedeagus with phallobase bilaterally symmetrical (Figs 14,16), dorsal periandrial lobe shovel-shaped with apex broadly concave (Fig. 14); lateral periandrial lobe in lateral view (Fig. 15) large finger-like with apical margin roundly convex; ventral periandrial lobe in ventral view (Fig. 16) with basal ⅓ neck-shaped, apical ⅔ subquadrangular with two basal horn-shaped processes large, directed laterally, with two apical horn-shaped processes small and acuate, directed apically.Dorsobasal suspensorium broad and flaky (Figs 14,16).Each paired inner penis rod with apex rod like and with three dorsal spines located at subapical .Connective with basal ⅓ relatively stout and apical ⅔ finger-like (Fig. 15).Anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 10) approximatively oblong-shaped, with ratio of length to maximum width 1.6, with basal margin with a reentrant angle of about 90 degrees in midline, epiproct tongue-shaped, distinctly exceeding apical margin of anal segment, anal style with apical margin broadly convex and slightly exceeding apical margin of epiproct; in lateral view (Fig. 11) anal segment with ventral margin with two dumpy processes, apical margin subtruncate, anal style approximatively banana-shaped, hanging at the apex of anal segment ventrad, with length nearly as long as anal segment.Genital style with lobes tortuous and irregular, apical margin almost rounded .

Holotype
FeMaLe TerMinaLia.Sternite VII with posterior margin distinctly concave as U-shaped, anterior margin obtuse angle-shaped producing basad (Fig. 17).Anal segment  in dorsal view suborbicular, basal margin broadly concave, apical margin incised in the middle; epiproct with apical margin incised in the middle, exceeding apex of anal segment; anal style with apical margin roundly convex and distinctly exceeding apical margin of epiproct.Gonapophysis VIII with spines at the outer and inner lateral margins respectively 4 and 1 (Fig. 20).Gonapophysis IX with two lateral lobes incompletely symmetrical, narrowing and sharp apically (Fig. 21).Sternite IX with outer surface shagreen (Figs 17,