Six new species in the genus Innobindus Jacobi 1928

. Six new species are described in the Australian planthopper genus Innobindus Jacobi, 1928. A new species group, the artus group, is created for Innobindus artus sp. nov., I. kaanti sp. nov. and I. loriensis sp. nov.; Innobindus gimani sp. nov. is added to the licinus group and I. geminatus sp. nov. to the multimaculatus group. Another new species, Innobindus oppositus sp. nov., could not be assigned to a species group as it shows unique features within Innobindus regarding forewing venation and chaetotaxy. A checklist and identi ﬁ cation key to males of all 13 species of Innobindus is provided. Innobindus is endemic to the eastern parts of New South Wales and Queensland, distribution maps for each species are presented.


Introduction
Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 are sap-sucking insects in the order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758.The family is of economic importance, not because of direct feeding damage, but due its ability to transmit phytoplasmas, bacteria and viruses that can cause plant diseases.Important vectors include Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee, 1907) transmitting Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, which causes coconut lethal yellowing (Howard & Thomas 1980;Howard 1987) and Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, 1865 which is the primary natural vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, the causal agent of Bois Noir on grapevines (Jović et al. 2019).No Australian cixiid has yet been reported as a vector of plant diseases, however the biology of Australian Cixiidae is still poorly understood.
Australian Brixiini are characterised by a combination of the following characters: median carina of frons unforked or absent; pronotum without ovoid, infl ated areas (as present in Cajetini); forewing with posterior subcosal (ScP), radial (R) and posterior medial (MP) veins forming a common stem that is at least more than 6 × the diameter of a tubercle; tubercles present only along veins (not in cells); presence of a median ocellus on the frons and/or an antennal pedicel that is at least 3 × longer than its diameter; absence of a denticle on the distal part of fore coxa (present in Oecleini).All three genera of Australian Brixiini are endemic to Australia.Whilst Soulier-Perkins (2005) provided a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Solonaima, the phylogeny of remainder of the tribe is still unknown.Jacobi (1928) created Innobindus to accommodate his new species Innobindus multimaculatus Jacobi, 1928. In 2007 Löcker et al. revised the genus by adding six new species and describing the licinus and multimaculatus species groups based on frons characters.
Investigations in recent years of material held in Australian and overseas collections led to the discovery of six new species and a new species group of Innobindus which are described herein.

Material and methods
Preparation of male genitalia as described in Löcker et al. (2006a).
Insects were examined and measured using Olympus SZH10 and Leica M165 stereo microscopes with an eyepiece graticule.Photographs were taken with a digital SLR camera (Canon EOS 5D Mark III, 65 mm macro lens with up to 5 × zoom; Canon Utility Software) through a Leica M165 dissecting microscope and later stacked using Helicon Focus.Some photographs (not stacked) were used as a base for line illustrations.
The morphological terms applied here follow Löcker et al. (2006b); terminology of tegminal veins follows Bourgoin et al. (2015) as illustrated by Löcker & Holzinger (2019).The term 'bifurcate ventral process' on the phallotheca as used in this paper (marked as d' in Figs 11A-B, 12 A-C) corresponds to 'ventral with a pair of very small spines' as used in Löcker et al. (2007).
The following is a list of the measurements taken in this study: • body length: tip of head to posterior margin of forewing • length of vertex: distance between basal emargination and subapical transverse carina in midline • width of vertex: at level of basal emargination • length of frons: apical transverse carina to frontoclypeal suture, in midline • width of frons at level of frontoclypeal suture

Diagnosis
Innobindus can be distinguished from all other Australian Cixiidae by a combination of the following characters: median carina of frons present (covering large parts of frons); pronotum without ovoid, infl ated areas (as present in Cajetini); forewing with posterior subcostal (ScP), radial (R) and posterior medial (MP) veins forming a common stem that is at least more than 6 × the diameter of a tubercle; tubercles present only along veins (not in cells); median ocellus on the frons present; denticle on distal part of fore coxa absent.and A1) moderately to distinctly distad of centre of clavus (rarely slightly distad or central within clavus); subapical cell C5 distinctly longer than subapical cell C4.Hind leg: tibia with 0-8 minute to medium sized lateral spines (= Laterometatibial spines) and with 6-7 apical spines either forming uninterrupted row of spines or with small gap, dividing spines in two groups of 3-4 spines; 4 th spine (counted from the outer side) longer (= protruding further towards 2 nd hind tarsomere) than 3 rd spine; 1 st tarsomere (Fig. 6E) with 7 (rarely 8) teeth; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 (rarely 7); tarsomeres without platellae (except for I. marginatus); 2 nd tarsomere with 0-3 fi ne setae underneath row of apical teeth (except for I. marginatus).
MALE GENITALIA.Aedeagus with 1-4 spines of varying length, some of which arise on phallotheca, some on fl agellum; bifurcate ventral process on phallotheca absent or present.

Distribution
Australia (Qld, NSW).Jacobi, 1928 This key allows identifi cation of males to species level.Females can be identifi ed to species group level, with some females identifi able to species level.This key should be used in conjunction with the revision of the genus (Löcker et al. 2007) as characters relating to previously described species are illustrated in the above mentioned research paper.(Fig. 2C).In facial view, at most one quarter of antennal pedicel covered by the slightly foliaceous lateral carinae of frons (Fig. 2C).Aedeagus ventrally in centre of phallotheca without a spine, but with several twisted sclerotised ridges (d') (Fig. 8B

Diagnosis
Innobindus artus sp.nov.can be distinguished from all other species of Innobindus by the following combination of characters: frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (about 3 × the width of median ocellus of frons); lateral areas of frons brownish (not whitish); at most one quarter of antennal pedicel covered by slightly foliaceous lateral carinae of frons (Fig. 2C).The latter two characters separate I. artus from the two similar looking species in the artus group, with whom it shares the very narrow frons (near apical transverse carina) and the colour pattern of the forewing.The forewing colour pattern of I. artus and I. kaanti is not as contrasting with pale areas as in I. loriensis.Innobindus artus has a prominent, thick, strongly sclerotised spine (c) on the fl agellum (Fig. 8D).While other species in Innobindus have spines or spine-like ridges on the fl agellum, they differ in the following: I. unicornis (very short and thin), I. loriensis (slightly sclerotised), I. geminatus (very short and slightly sclerotised) and I. kaanti (very long and wide spine-like ridge).

Etymology
The Latin term 'artus' means 'narrow', 'tight'.Named after the narrow section of the frons near the apical transverse carina.

Description
COLOUR.Frons and postclypeus light to mid brown with concolorous carinae, sometimes lateral carinae of frons slightly paler.Anteclypeus slightly darker.Central area of vertex light brown, lateral areas mid to dark brown.Pronotum light brown.Mesonotum mid brown.Forewings hyaline colourless, with numerous mid and dark brown markings, including a transverse brown band of varying width (widest at fork CuA1 and CuA2) in basal half of wing and a transverse brown band with a few pale patches covering the apex of wing; veins light to mid brown, tubercles sometimes darker than veins, sometimes concolorous.Legs light brown.Body light to mid brown.MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 6.0-6.5 mm; ♀ 6.3-7.7 mm.HEAD.Vertex 0.6-0.7 × as long as wide; apical transverse carina incised (v-shaped); subapical transverse carina more or less straight; median carina of vertex covering ⅓ to ½ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons about 2.3 × longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, 1.9-2.1 × longer in widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, broadening over a short distance, lateral carinae slightly concave; frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (2-3 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view convex, rectilinear apically or sinuate; slightly extending laterally; in facial view at most one quarter of antennal pedicel covered by slightly foliaceous lateral carinae.
FLAGELLUM.With a prominent, strongly sclerotised spine (c).FEMALE GENITALIA.Segment IX rounded or truncate, with rounded edges, carinae absent.Anal tube short to medium length.Ovipositor protruding further caudally and dorsally than anal tube (including anal style).

Diagnosis
Innobindus kaanti sp.nov.can be distinguished from all other species of Innobindus by the following combination of characters: frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (about 3 × the width of median ocellus of frons); lateral areas of frons whitish; phallotheca ventrally with a single spine (c) (Fig. 9B).
The shaft of the genital style has a very deep u-shaped indentation (Fig. 9E).Whilst an indentation can be seen in other species of Innobindus, e.g., I. loriensis, I. artus and I. collessi, it is usually not developed to such an extent.

Etymology
'Kaanti' means 'take away' or 'remove something far away' in Paakantyi, an Aboriginal language spoken along the Darling River (Thieberger & McGregor 1994).Named after the deeply indented shaft of the male genital style, which looks like a section has been taken away.covering the apex of wing; veins light to mid brown, tubercles concolorous with veins.Legs light brown.Body light to mid brown.MORPHOLOGY.Body length: ♂ 5.4-5.5 mm; ♀ 6.5mm.HEAD.Vertex 0.7 × as long as wide; apical transverse carina incised (v-shaped); subapical transverse carina straight; median carina of vertex covering ⅛ to ⅓ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons about 2.2-2.6 × longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, 1.8-2.1 × longer in widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, broadening over a short distance, lateral carinae strongly concave; frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (2-3 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view sinuate; in facial view at least half of antennal pedicel covered by strongly foliaceous carinae that distinctly extend laterally.

Holotype
THORAX.Hind margin of pronotum acutely angled.Forewing with costal margin with 18-25 tubercles; fork of ScP+RA and RP moderately to distinctly basad of fork CuA1 and CuA2; crossvein r-m 1 slightly distad of, or at same level as fork MP1+2 and MP3+4; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at CuA basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at MP3+4 at same level as transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; icu, where it inserts at CuA, slightly to distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RA bifi d; MP3+4 bifi d; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C4) distinctly distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C5); nodus of y-vein very distinctly distad of centre of clavus.Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines and 2-3 minute to small lateral spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 (rarely 7) apical teeth, no platellae, but up to 3 very fi ne setae.MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube as in Fig. 9C-D.Pygofer and genital styles as in Fig. 9E-F: ventromedian process of pygofer subtriangular, with a slight constriction near base.Shaft of genital styles with a deep u-shaped indentation; in ventral view genital styles very long and narrow.Aedeagus (Fig. 9A-B): phallotheca dorsally with a moderately sclerotized spine-like ridge (a') and a medium-sized, spirally twisted spine (b), ventrally with a medium-sized, slightly curved, strongly sclerotised spine (c).Flagellum with a large, moderately sclerotised, spine-like ridge (d').FEMALE GENITALIA.Segment IX truncate, with a disc bearing an elevated median carina running from ovipositor to anal tube.Anal tube long (about 2 × longer than wide in lateral view).Ovipositor protruding further caudally and dorsally than anal tube (including anal style).Anal style slightly longer than remainder of 11 th segment.

Diagnosis
Innobindus loriensis sp.nov.can be distinguished from all other species of Innobindus by the following combination of characters: frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (about 3 × the width of median ocellus of frons); lateral areas of frons whitish; phallotheca right lateral with a spine covering almost the entire length of phallotheca (Fig. 10B-C).

Etymology
Named after the Lorien Wildlife Refuge, where the holotype was collected.

Description
COLOUR.Head light brown apart from whitish lateral parts of frons and vertex and whitish areas on genae.Pronotum whitish.Mesonotum mid brown, central area including carinae slightly paler.Forewings hyaline colourless, with numerous mid and dark brown markings, including a transverse brown band of varying width (widest at fork CuA1 and CuA2) in basal half of wing and a transverse brown band with a few pale patches covering the apex of wing; veins light to mid brown, tubercles generally darker than veins.Legs light brown.Body light to mid brown.MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 5.78-6.1 mm; ♀ 7.3 mm.
HEAD.Vertex about 1.1 × as long as wide; apical and subapical transverse carina straight; median carina of vertex covering ¼ to ½ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons 2.3-2.4 × longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, 1.9-2.1 × longer at widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, broadening over a short distance, lateral carinae slightly concave; frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (2-3 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view sinuate; in facial view at least half of antennal pedicel covered by strongly foliaceous lateral carinae that are distinctly extend laterally.
THORAX.Hind margin of pronotum acutely or obtusely angled or rectangular.Forewing 2.4-2.9 × longer than wide; costal margin with 15-20 tubercles; fork of ScP+RA and RP slightly basad of fork CuA1 and CuA2; crossvein r-m 1 basad of, or at same level as fork MP1+2 and MP3+4; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at CuA basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at MP3+4 about same level as transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; icu, where it inserts at CuA, slightly distad of apex of clavus; RA bifi d; MP3+4 bifi d or trifi d; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C4) distinctly distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C5); nodus of y-vein distinctly distad of centre of clavus.Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines and 4-8 very small to medium-sized lateral spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 apical teeth, no platellae, but up to 3 very fi ne setae.MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube as in Fig. 10D-E.Pygofer and genital styles as in Fig. 10F-G: ventromedian process of pygofer wide, subtriangular.Shaft of genital style with a distinct indentation; in ventral view genital styles very long and narrow.Aedeagus (Fig. 10A-C): phallotheca left laterally with a short, strongly sclerotised spine (b), bending about 90 degrees in distal half, ventrally with a medium-sized, strongly sclerotised, slightly curved spine (c) and right laterally with a very long, strongly sclerotised spine (d), covering almost entire length of phallotheca.Flagellum with a slightly sclerotised spine (a).FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 1B-D).Segment IX truncate, with rounded edges, with a fl at disc bearing a strongly elevated median carina and one semicircular carina on each side, running from ovipositor to anal tube.Anal tube long (2-3 × longer than wide in lateral view).Ovipositor protruding further caudally and dorsally than anal tube (including anal style).Anal style slightly longer than remainder of 11 th segment.

Distribution
Mid north coast of New South Wales (Fig. 14A).

Etymology
'Gimani' means 'knee' in Gooniyandi, an Aboriginal language spoken in Western Australia (Thieberger & McGregor 1994).Named after the aedeagal spine (b) which in left lateral view resembles a leg bent at the knee.

Description
COLOUR.Carinae of head light brown; disc of face and vertex usually darker; central area of vertex mid brown, lateral parts of vertex dark brown, with a paler area in between.Pronotum light brown.Mesonotum mid brown; carinae sometimes slightly paler; sometimes area around lateral carinae darker.Forewings hyaline whitish with a dark brown spot in centre of clavus and at apex of clavus; often with further dark markings near apex of wing; pterostigma dark brown; veins alternating whitish and dark brown areas, giving it a speckled appearance; crossveins generally dark brown; tubercles concolorous with veins.Legs light brown.Body mid to dark brown.MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 5.4-6.0 mm; ♀ 6.0-6.3 mm.HEAD.Vertex 0.7-0.8× as long as wide; apical transverse carina straight or slightly u-or v-shaped; subapical transverse carina more or less straight or slightly u-shaped; median carina of vertex covering ½ to ¾ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons 1.9-2.0× longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, about 1.7 × longer in widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, steadily broadening; frons near apical transverse carina wide (at least 5 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view convex, rectilinear apically or slightly sinuate; lateral carinae only slightly to moderately elevated (slightly higher elevated than median carina), not foliaceous; in most specimens lateral carinae of frons and clypeus not continuous but with a very slight indentation at junction of frons and clypeus.
THORAX.Hind margin of pronotum obtusely angled or rectangular.Forewing about 2.9 × longer than wide; costal margin with 24-27 tubercles; fork of ScP+RA and RP slightly to moderately basad of fork CuA1 and CuA2; crossvein r-m 1 slightly basad of, or at same level as fork MP1+2 and MP3+4; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at CuA slightly distad of transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at MP3+4 slightly basad of, or at same level as transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; icu, where it inserts at CuA, slightly to moderately distad of apex of clavus; RA bifi d (rarely unforked); MP3+4 bifi d; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C4) distinctly distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C5); nodus of y-vein moderately distad of centre of clavus.Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines and 2-7 minute to medium-sized lateral spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 (rarely 9) apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 apical teeth, no platellae, but up to 3 very fi ne setae.MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube as in Fig. 11C-D.Pygofer and genital styles as in Fig. 11E-F: ventromedian process wide, subtriangular, with a slight constriction near base.Shaft of genital style with a moderate to distinct indentation.Aedeagus (Fig. 11A-B): phallotheca dorsally with a long spine (a); left laterally with a thick, spine (b), strongly bent (about 90 degrees) at midlength with its tip pointing ventrad; ventrally with a short, curved spine (c) with its tip directed dorsad and a bifurcate process (d').Flagellum without spines or spine-like ridges.FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 1A).Segment IX rounded, carina absent.Anal tube short (about 1-1.5 × as long as wide in lateral view).Ovipositor protruding as far caudally but not as far dorsally as anal tube (including anal style).Anal style slightly longer than remainder of 11 th segment.

Remarks
Females appear darker in colour with numerous dark markings and transverse bands that are not present in males.

multimaculatus group
Vertex lacking median carina; lateral carinae of frons strongly elevated (distinctly higher elevated than median carina of frons); lateral carinae of frons continuous with those of clypeus (Fig. 6C; Löcker et al. 2007: fi gs 3c, 4b, f, 5c); phallotheca ventrally with a fringed ridge or a bifurcate ventral process; phallotheca laterally with medium-sized or very long spine; fl agellum with or without spines.

Diagnosis
The wide frons near the apical transverse carina (at least 5 × as wide as median ocellus) and the strongly elevated lateral carinae on the frons place I. geminatus sp.nov. in the multimaculatus group.Innobindus geminatus can be distinguished from all other species within the multimaculatus group by the presence of a medium sized spine on each side of the phallotheca (Fig. 12B).All other species in this species group possess a large or medium-sized spine on one side of the phallotheca only.

Etymology
The Latin term 'geminatus' means 'double' or 'pair'.Named after the arrangement of the aedeagal spines in ventral view, with a medium-sized spine and a minute spine occurring in pairs on each side of the phallotheca.MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 6.4-6.6 mm; ♀ 6.9-7.4 mm.
HEAD.Vertex about 0.7 × as long as wide; apical transverse carina straight or incised (u-shaped); subapical transverse carina straight or slightly u-shaped; median carina of vertex covering ⅓ to ½ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons 2.1-2.3 × longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, about 1.9 × longer in widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, broadening over a short distance, lateral carinae strongly concave; frons near apical transverse carina wide (at least 5 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view sinuate; strongly elevated (distinctly higher elevated than median carina of frons); foliaceous, very distinctly extending laterally; lateral carinae of frons continuous with those of clypeus.
THORAX.Hind margin of pronotum acutely angled or rectangular.Forewing 2.7-3.4 × longer than wide; costal margin with 31-32 tubercles; fork of ScP+RA and RP distinctly basad of fork CuA1 and CuA2; crossvein r-m 1 slightly to distinctly basad of fork MP1+2 and MP3+4; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at CuA distinctly distad of transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; transverse veinlet m-cu 1 where it inserts at MP3+4 slightly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1 ; icu, where it inserts at CuA, slightly to moderately distad of apex of clavus; RA bifi d; MP3+4 bifi d; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C4) slightly to moderately distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C5); nodus of y-vein moderately to distinctly distad of centre of clavus.Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines and up to 2 minute to mediumsized lateral spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 apical teeth, no platellae, but up to 3 very fi ne setae.MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube as in Fig. 12D-E.Pygofer and genital styles as in Fig. 12F-G: ventromedian process of pygofer narrow, 3-lobed, with a distinct constriction near base.Shaft of genital style slightly narrowed near base but without a distinct indentation.Aedeagus (Fig. 12A-C): phallotheca laterally with a short to medium-sized, slightly to moderately sclerotised, almost straight spine on each side (spines a, b), ventrally near base with a bifurcate process (d'); laterally on each side with a minute spine near level of ventral bifurcate process.Flagellum with a short, slightly sclerotised spine (c).FEMALE GENITALIA.Segment IX truncate, with a disc bearing an elevated median carina running from ovipositor to anal tube.Anal tube medium length (about 1.5-2 × longer than wide in lateral view).Ovipositor protruding slightly further caudally and as far dorsally as anal tube (including anal style).Anal style slightly longer than remainder of 11 th segment.

Not assigned to a species group
Currently I. oppositus sp.nov.cannot be assigned to a species group.Whilst it shares the narrow frons (near the apical transverse carina) with the artus group, the nodus (fork) of the y-vein in the forewing is located only slightly distad of the centre of clavus, the radius anterior in the forewing is unforked and the hind tibia has 7 apical spines (6 apical spines in all other species of Innobindus) and the lateral carinae of frons are not foliaceous.

Diagnosis
Innobindus oppositus sp.nov.can be distinguished from all other species of Innobindus by the presence of 7 apical spines on the hind tibia.The forewing colouration of I. oppositus is also unique within Innobindus; no other species has a dark longitudinal band along the anterior margin of the wing (formed by an entirely dark postcostal cell and dark pterostigma, and only interrupted by a pale stripe at base of pterostigma) (Fig. 7A).All other species either have an entirely colourless postcostal cell, e.g., I. gimani (Fig. 5A) or have alternating pale and dark sections in the postcostal cell, e.g., I. artus (Fig. 2A), I. loriensis (Fig. 4A) and I. kaanti (Fig. 3A).

Etymology
The Latin term 'oppositus' means 'set against' or 'opposite'.Named after the arrangement of the aedeagal spines in left lateral view which are set against each other with their tips pointing in opposite directions.

Description
COLOUR.Central parts of frons and clypeus light brown, lateral parts whitish.Anteclypeus mid to dark brown.Vertex mid to dark brown.Pronotum whitish apart from darker anterior parts.Mesonotum mid brown.Forewings hyaline colourless except for a mid to dark brown longitudinal band along the anterior margin of the wing (formed by dark postcostal cell and dark pterostigma and only interrupted by a pale stripe at base of pterostigma), a light to mid brown transverse band at level of pterostigma; veins light to dark brown; tubercles concolorous with veins.Legs light brown.Body dark brown.MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 6.2 mm.HEAD.Vertex about 1.1 × as long as wide; apical transverse carina incised (u-shaped); subapical transverse carina slightly u-shaped; median carina of vertex covering about ⅓ of entire length of basal compartment.Frons about 2.3 × longer than wide at frontoclypeal suture, about 2.0 × longer in widest part; maximum width of frons more than twice apical width, steadily broadening; frons near apical transverse carina very narrow (about 3 × as wide as median ocellus of frons); lateral carinae of frons in facial view convex, rectilinear apically; foliaceous, slightly extended laterally.clavus.Hind leg: tibia with 7 apical spines and 6-7 very small to small lateral spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere with 8 apical teeth, no platellae, but up to 3 very fi ne setae.MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube as in Fig. 13C-D.Pygofer and genital styles as in Fig. 13E-F

Discussion
Innobindus geminatus sp.nov.and I. alternans appear to be closely related, as they share many features such as the shape of anal tube and genital styles and the presence of a bifurcate ventral process on the phallotheca (Fig. 12A-G; Löcker et al. 2007: fi g. 10a-e).However, features that are only present on one side in I. alternans are seen on both sides in I. geminatus such as the medium-sized spine and minute  spine on right lateral side of phallotheca in I. alternans (Löcker et al. 2007.fi g. 10a) versus mediumsized spines and minute spines on both sides in I. geminatus (Fig 12 A-C).There are further differences between the two species such as a small spine on the fl agellum, and the humped shape of the phallotheca in lateral view in I. geminatus which are not present in I. alternans.Interestingly Löcker et al. 2007 lists a specimen of I. alternans that is excluded from the type series, which has the medium-sized spine inserted on the left hand side of the phallotheca (all other I. alternans specimens have it on the right side).This specimen, as well as the other specimens of I. alternans, were collected in the Lamington National Park, only about 200 km south of the Conondale Range where I. geminatus occurs.Altogether three species of Innobindus are known from Lamington National Park: I. alternans, I. marginatus and I. artus sp.nov.Further collecting in the border region of New South Wales and Queensland and a phylogenetic study are needed to clarify the situation and fi nd out whether hybridisation is happening between these species, as has been found in New Zealand cixiids of the genus Cixius Latreille, 1804 (Larivière 1999).
Examination of additional material since Löcker et al. 2007 revealed that the 'length of median carina of frons' character used in the identifi cation key of Löcker et al. 2007 to distinguish between the multimaculatus and licinus groups does not work for all specimens.One specimen of I. multimaculatus, one specimen of I. geminatus sp.nov.and four specimens only identifi able to the multimaculatus group, have a median carina on the frons that covers exactly ¾ or slightly more of the entire length of the frons.This character has been discarded from the identifi cation key in this current paper.The best character to separate the two groups is the elevation of the lateral carinae of the frons, strongly elevated (distinctly higher elevated than median carina of frons) in the multimaculatus group and slightly to moderately elevated (slightly higher elevated than median carina of frons) in the licinus group.
Barely anything is known regarding habitat or host plants of Innobindus.One specimen of Innobindus robinae, fi ve of I. geminatus sp.nov.and seven specimens of I. multimaculatus have been collected in rainforests, one specimen of I. gimani sp.nov. in an Antarctic Beech forest and one specimen of I. collessi was retrieved during a pyrethrum knockdown of trees and logs.Specifi c host plants are still unknown, possibly due to the small number of specimens of Innobindus in collections, as well as the collecting methods by which these were obtained, such as at light, or from pitfall, fl ight intercept and malaise traps.The only species with an associated plant record is I. kaanti sp.nov., of which all four specimens have been collected from Argyrodendron actinophyllum, a large rainforest tree in the family Malvaceae, that is native to eastern Australia commonly called Black Jack or Black Booyong.
Innobindus is endemic to Queensland and New South Wales.Its association with rainforests may explain why its distribution (Fig. 13) is restricted to coastal areas, although not necessarily why it is absent from the Northern Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia, as each of these states has rainforest areas.Climate and isolation amongst other factors may have inhibited population of these areas.Further collecting in these areas may increase the known distribution and reveal more undescribed species.

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width of frons in widest part • width of forewing: at level of apex of clavus • length of forewing: base to apex of forewing Institutional abbreviations AMS = Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia ASCU = Biosecurity Collections, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, Australia BMNH = The Natural History Museum, London, UK BPBM = Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, USA MLM = Melinda Moir Private Collection, Perth, Australia QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia UQIC = University of Queensland Insect Collection, Brisbane, Australia (now part of the QM collection) Further abbreviations NSW = New South Wales, Australia Qld = Queensland, Australia
: ventromedian process of pygofer narrow, subtriangular.Shaft of genital styles without indentation.Aedeagus (Fig. 13A-B): phallotheca left laterally with a long spine (a), bent about 90 degrees in distal half; ventrally with a long, curved spine (b); dorso-(right)laterally with a very long, very thin spine (c), covering almost entire length of phallotheca.Flagellum without spines or spine-like ridges.
Maximum width of frons more than 2 × apical width, evenly widening from apex to maximum width or broadening over a very short distance, therefore lateral carinae slightly to distinctly concave; maximum width of frons distinctly dorsad of centre of frontoclypeal suture; lateral carinae slightly to strongly foliaceous (except for I. gimani); median carina incomplete but covering large part of frons; frontoclypeal suture slightly semicircular bent upwards, median part below (not reaching level of) lower margin of antennal scape; median ocellus present.Median and lateral carinae of postclypeus well developed; median carina of anteclypeus well developed; lateral carinae absent.In dorsal view head including eyes much narrower than pronotum.Rostrum surpassing hind coxae (rarely only reaching hind coxae).THORAX.Pronotum with hind margin acutely or obtusely angled or rectangular; median carina present; submedian carinae (= postocular carinae) running parallel to eye.Mesonotum with 3 carinae, lateral carinae moderately to well-developed, median carina weakly to well-developed, usually evanescent near posterior border.Forewing steeply tectiform, apices of wings touching; costal border with slight Löcker 2007)(amended fromLöcker 2007)MEASUREMENTS.Body length: ♂ 5.0-7.4mm; ♀ 5.7-7.7 mm.HEAD.Vertex with u-or v-shaped basal emargination; lateral carinae strongly elevated (raised); vertex much wider at base (posterior end) than at apex; median carina absent or present; apical and subapical carina well developed, straight or slightly u-or v-shaped.to moderate concavity; tubercles along veins; ScP+R+MP fused, forming long common stem; fork of ScP+RA and RP at same level as or basad of fork CuA1 and CuA2; crossvein r-m 1 slightly to distinctly basad of, or at same level as fork MP1+2 and MP3+4, rarely slightly distad; icu distad of apex of clavus; RP apically trifi d; additional subapical cell between branches of RP present; MP1+2 trifi d; MP3+4 bifi d (rarely trifi d); CuA1 and CuA2 apically unforked; nodus of y-vein (fork PCu