Three new species of Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China

Three new species of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 from China are described: E. leviseta sp. nov. and E. polychaeta sp. nov. from Shaanxi Province and E. dingi sp. nov. from Yunnan Province. This is the fi rst report of Entomobrya from Shaanxi Province. Entomobrya leviseta sp. nov. is characterised by prelabral smooth chaetae on the labrum; E. polychaeta sp. nov. by three pairs of longitudinal dark blue stripes from Th. II to Abd. III and eight lateral mac on Abd. III; and E. dingi sp. nov. by only a little pigment on the body and 5 central mac on And. II & III. A key to all Chinese species of Entomobrya is given.


Introduction
Entomobryidae Tömösvary, 1882 is the largest family of Collembola Lubbock, 1873 and it contains seven subfamilies (Zhang & Louis 2014) with about 1800 species recorded worldwide (Bellinger et al. 1996(Bellinger et al. -2017. The genus Entomobrya, Rondani, 1861 contains 270 species and is one of the largest genera; it is characterised by four-segmented antennae, eyes 8+8, scales absent, mucro bidentate with a basal spine, and dens without spine. Colour pattern sometimes play a key role in classifi cation, although it may be variable among specimens from a single population (Stach 1963); The molecular phylogenetic study by Katz et al. (2015) revealed that colour pattern is a valid tool for specifi c delimitation in Entomobrya. Chaetotaxy has proved to be extremely important (Jordana 2012). The labrum, especially its papillae and prelabral setae, is also very important and other characteristics, such as the shape of the mucro, labium, and apical bulb of the antenna, are of occasional taxonomic value (Christiansen 1958).
Fifteen species of Entomobrya have been reported from China. Two new species, E. leviseta sp. nov. and E. polychaeta sp. nov., are found in Shaanxi and ours is the fi rst report of the genus in the province.

R e s e a r c h a r t i c l e
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:12228A56-6AA7-405F-8A8D-093988D00C1F Another new species, E. dingi sp. nov., is found in Yunnan and this is the third species of the genus in the province. A key to the Chinese species of Entomobrya is given.

Material and methods
Specimens were cleared and mounted under a coverslip in Marc André II solution and were studied with a Leica DM2500 microscope. Photographs were taken with a mounted Leica DFC300 FX digital camera and enhanced with Photoshop CS2 (Adobe Inc.). The nomenclature of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the head is described following Jordana & Baquero (2005) and Chen & Christiansen (1993), and interocular chaetae after Mari-Mutt (1986). Labial chaetae are designated following Gisin (1967). Tergal chaetae of the body are designated using the system of Szeptycki (1979).

Diagnosis
Moderate size, usually 1-3 mm; antennae four segmented and usually with an apical bulb; eyes 8+8; intersegmental membranes without microchaetae; scales absent and body chaetae not scale-like; mucro bidentate and with a basal spine; dens without spine.
Entomobrya leviseta sp. nov urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FE7323A-E49C-40D9-9576-6B82E3D4D355 Figs 1-5, Table 1 Diagnosis Eyepatches and lateral margin of Th. II with blue pigment; a longitudinal blue stripe present along midline from head to Th. II, Th. III with a broad transverse blue stripe; Abd. IV with two irregular transverse blue stripes; prelabral chaetae of labrum smooth; subapical tooth of mucro equal to or slightly larger than apical tooth.

Remarks
The prelabral chaetae on labrum are ciliated in Entomobrya generally (Jordana 2012) or fi nely ciliate (Katz et al. 2015), but they are smooth in E. striatella Börner, 1909(Jordana 2012Yosii et al. 1963). The new species is the second species of Entomobrya with smooth prelabral chaetae and it is also similar to E. striatella in colour pattern on Th. II, with three longitudinal stripes, but the colour pattern on Th. III, Abd. IV−V and chaetotaxy on Abd. I & IV are different (Table 1).

Etymology
The specifi c epithet is derived from the Latin 'poly', meaning 'many', referring to the many mac on the lateral side of Abd. III.   Paratypes CHINA: 2 ♀♀ on slides, same collecting data as for holotype. COLOUR. Ground colour pale yellow. Middle and distal parts of Ant. I-III blue pigmented and pigment also present on Ant. IV. An irregular dark blue circle present along margin of head. Besides a transverse dark stripe present between eyepatches, some dark patches present on middle and posterior part of head. A pair of longitudinal stripes present laterally from anterior part of Th. II to Abd. IV. There are also two pairs of discontinuous longitudinal stripes from posterior part of Th. II to Abd. III: one is located centrally and other medio-laterally. Posterior margin of Abd. III with a narrow transverse blue stripe. Abd. IV with longitudinal median stripes and irregular patches. Coxae, distal part of femora and middle part of tibiotarsi with blue pigment (Fig. 6A-C).

Remarks
The new species is characterised by its three pairs of longitudinal dark blue stripes present from Th. II to Abd. III, 7-9 medio-medial and 6-8 medio-lateral mac on Th. II, usually 8 lateral mac on Abd. III. It is most similar to the Korean species E. koreana Yosii, 1965 and the Chinese E. retingensis Baquero & Jordana, 2008 in colour pattern, b ut the differences between them are great, such as chaetotaxy on Th. II and Abd. III and the ratio of the smooth part of the dens to the mucro (Table 2).  Table 3 Diagnosis Ground colour yellowish and no obvious patches or stripes; head with 8 mac in sutural area and 8-9 mac in Gr. II; 8-10 mac on Abd. I; 5 central mac on Abd. II & III, 18-26 central mac on Abd. IV.

Etymology
The new species is named after Fudong Ding, who collected the specimens.

Remarks
The colour pattern of the new species is simple and there is only a little pigment on the body. It is similar to E. dungeri Jordana, Schulz & Baquero, 2011, E. lhotseae Yosii, 1971 and E. huangi Chen & Ma, 1998 in colour pattern, but can be distinguished by the following characters: presence of S 1 on head, 8-10 mac on Abd. I, 5 central mac on Abd. II & III respectively and 18-26 central mac on Abd. IV (Table 3).