Revision of the Eurybrachidae XIV. The Australian genera Olonia Stål, 1862 and Stalobrachys gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identifi cation key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.


Introduction
Eurybrachidae is a small family of planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946) with 41 genera and 193 species, representing only 1.7% of the genera and 1.4% of the species of Fulgoromorpha. The family is restricted to the Old World and is distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions, with some species present in the southeasternmost part of the Palaearctic region in China; it is not recorded from Madagascar or Taiwan (Metcalf 1956; Bourgoin 2018). Eurybrachidae represent a characteristic BV = maximum breadth of the vertex BW = maximum breadth of the posterior wing LF = length of the frons in midline LM = length of the mesonotum in midline LP = length of the pronotum in midline LT = total length from anterior margin of vertex to apex of tegmina LTg = maximum length of the tegmen LV = length of the vertex in midline LW = maximum length of the posterior wing The metatibiotarsal formula gives the number of spines on the (side of metatibia) apex of the metatibia/ apex of fi rst metatarsus/apex of second metatarsus.
For each picture a number of photographs were taken with a Canon 700D camera equipped with a Tamron 90 mm macro lens and stacked with Combine Z software. They were optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Observations were done with a Leica MZ8 stereo microscope. The distribution maps were produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010), which provides a delimitation of bioregions similar to that proposed by the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, Version 7 (see http://www.environment.gov.au/land/nrs/science/ibra). For the transcription of the labels of the types, the wording on each single label is given verbatim placed within quotes, with supplementary information not on the label given in square brackets where appropriate. In the results section, species are treated in alphabetical order.

Diagnosis
Rather small-sized (6-12 mm), dark brown variegated with black and white, tegmina usually with a white marking along costal margin on nodal line and posterior wings usually with a white marking near externoapical angle, sometimes orange on disc. The genus can be recognized by the following set of characters: (1) gonostyli strongly sclerifi ed and fused basally on about ⅓ of length (2) gonostyli divided into a centroventral and a laterodorsal part CONSTANT J., Australian Eurybrachidae: Olonia and Stalobrachys gen. nov. (Fulgoromorpha) (3) gonostyli with laterodorsal part with large lateral process projecting laterally and bearing dorsoapical, articulate, spoon-shaped process (4) aedeagus strongly reduced with dorsal portion of phallobase projecting dorsally as a spine or hook The genus shares the condition of possessing a spoon-shaped process on the gonostyli with the Australian genera Chewobrachys Constant, 2008, Fletcherobrachys Constant, 2006, Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006, Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, Nirus Jacobi, 1928 and Stalobrachys gen. nov. but differs -from Chewobrachys by its smaller size (6-12 mm; 12-16 mm in Chewobrachys), the dark brown colour (greyish brown in Chewobrachys) and the male gonostyli divided into a centroventral and a laterodorsal part (not divided in Chewobrachys) -from Fletcherobrachys by the bright red abdomen (green to orange in Fletcherobrachys), the hind wings brown or with discal orange marking (basal half white in Fletcherobrachys), the absence of sexual dimorphism on median tibiae (with externodistal process in females of Fletcherobrachys) and the male gonostyli fused only on basal ⅓ and divided into a centroventral and a laterodorsal part (fused along most of their length and not divided in Fletcherobrachys) -from Hackerobrachys by the frons being brown and slightly convex (bright yellow to red and strongly convex in Hackerobrachys), the posterior wings with some white and/or orange markings and rounded apically (uniformly brown with apex subquadrate in Hackerobrachys) and the male gonostyli fused only on basal ⅓ and divided into a centroventral and a laterodorsal part (fused along most of their length and not divided in Hackerobrachys) -from Maeniana by the pygofer having the posterior margin strongly sinuate (with elongate laterodorsal process projecting posteriorly in Maeniana), the gonostyli fused on about ⅓ of their length (not or very shortly fused in Maeniana), and the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli with a strong spine or hook and with the lateral process bearing a spoon-shaped process (laterodorsal part elongate and laminate, without spine or hook, and bearing a spoon-shaped process apically in Maeniana) -from Nirus by the frons being slightly convex (concave in Nirus), the pygofer broader on the dorsal ⅔ (on ventral half in Nirus), and the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli with a strong spine or hook and with the lateral process bearing a spoon-shaped process (laterodorsal part of gonostyli large and laterally compressed, not strongly sclerifi ed and without a spine or hook in Nirus) -from Stalobrachys gen. nov. by the narrower posterior wings with LW/BW = 1.7-2.0 (1.5 in Stalobrachys gen. nov.), the pygofer with the posterior margin strongly sinuate (with elongate laterodorsal process projecting posteriorly in Stalobrachys gen. nov.), the gonostyli fused on about ⅓ of their length (not or very shortly fused in Stalobrachys gen. nov.), and the laterodorsal part of the gonostyli with a strong spine or hook and with the lateral process bearing a spoon-shaped process (laterodorsal part elongate and laminate, without spine or hook, and bearing a spoon-shaped process apically in Stalobrachys gen. nov.) The genus Loisobrachys Constant, 2008 is known from a single female and was placed close to Hackerobrachys (Constant 2008b). Hence, the males of the genus potentially share the condition of possessing gonostyli with a spoon-shaped process. However, Olonia can easily be separated from Loisobrachys by its slightly convex frons (strongly convex in Loisobrachys).

Historical review 1. Historical characters recognition review
Olonia was described by Stål (1862) within a key to the genera of Eurybrachidae without a spine under the eyes and with the clavus of the tegmina closed. From the key, the following characters could be extrapolated to defi ne Olonia: (1) posterior tibiae with 3 lateral spines (2) frons transverse, with sides angulate (3) pro-and mesonotum broader than combined length (4) antennae short, placed under the eye More recently, a key to the genera of Platybrachini was proposed by Fennah (1964), including Olonia for which the following distinctive combination of characters could be extrapolated: (1) tegmina with CuA vein forked close to the nodal line (2) tegmina with MP vein forked very close to the base (3) genae without knob-like process under the eye (4) frons more or less fl at, without depressed areas near the base (5) antennae not surpassing the eyes (6) genital styles (= gonostyli) of male separated Characters (2) and (6) are not correct: in Olonia, the MP is not forked very close to the base and Fennah's statement probably comes from confusion with the ScP and RP, which diverge very basally, and the gonostyli in the male genitalia are fused basally. Stål (1862) erected the genus Olonia for three species from Australia, Eurybrachys rubicunda Walker, 1851, E. apicalis Walker, 1851and E. transversa Walker, 1858. The year after, Stål (1863) added one species from Queensland, O. viridiventris Stål, 1863. Species were progressively added to the genus: O. picea by Kirkaldy (1906) (Queensland), O. marginata by Distant (1906) (Queensland), O. alboapicata and O. nigroapicata by Jacobi (1928) (Queensland and Western Australia, respectively), and O. ornata by Lallemand (1928) (Northern Territory). Jacobi (1928) synonymized O. picea Kirkaldy, 1906 with O. transversa (Walker, 1858), a view that I did not follow (Constant 2005b), restoring O. picea as a separate species and considering O. transversa as a nomen dubium because the available specimen labelled as type in BMNH does not match the original description by Walker (1858). One last species, Cicada maura Fabricius, 1775, was transferred to Olonia by Evans (1933) after being placed in the genus Eurymela Le Peletier & Serville, 1825 (Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) for more than a century. Metcalf (1956) included 9 species in the genus in his catalogue of the Eurybrachidae. More recently, I transferred O. viridiventris Stål, 1863 to the genus Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006and synonymized O. nigroapicata Jacobi, 1928with Fletcherobrachys stillata (Bergroth, 1907 (Constant 2006b).

Historical classifi cation review
The genus Olonia was placed by Schmidt (1908) in the tribe Platybrachini Schmidt, 1908 (equivalent to the present Platybrachinae, as the family Eurybrachidae was at that time treated as a subfamily of the Fulgoridae) based on the following set of characters: (1) clavus closed, with the claval veins (= Pcu and A1) fused before the apex of the clavus and Pcu + A1 reaching the apex of the clavus (2) ventral margin of eyes without a spine Metcalf (1956) placed the genus in the tribe Platybrachini of the Platybrachinae, a view followed by Fennah (1964).

Description
COLOURATION. Head, pro-and mesonotum, and tegmina brown, from pale brown to nearly black, usually variegated with darker and paler areas. Tegmina often with yellowish marking in middle of clavus on vein A1; triangular white marking along costal margin on nodal line, rarely missing; smaller white marking at apicosutural angle, rarely missing; sometimes white marking along costal margin at midlength. Posterior wings brown, usually darker on apical half; sometimes with orange marking in middle; white triangular marking at apicocostal angle, rarely missing. Pro-and mesofemora with 2 pale rings, obsolete in dark species; pro-and mesotibiae with 3 pale rings, obsolete in dark species; metafemora red to brown, darker apically; metatibiae brown. Abdomen and ventral face of thorax bright red; genital segments brown to black; abdominal segment VII white in females.
HEAD. As broad as thorax; vertex 4-5 times as broad as long, concave, with all margins slightly carinate; anterior and posterior margins rounded, parallel; frons about 1.7-1.95 times as broad as long, slightly convex, slightly wrinkled to rugulose, with peridiscal carina slightly marked; upper margin of frons straight in normal view; clypeus slightly surpassing anterior trochanters, elongate, with median carina towards apex; labium reaching hind coxae, with apical segment longer than broad, acuminate, shorter and more slender than penultimate; no infra-ocular spines on genae; ocelli absent; antennae elongate, not surpassing eye, not visible from above; scape about as long as broad, pedicel subcylindrical, elongate, narrowing towards apex.
THORAX. About 1.45 times as broad as combined length of pro-and mesonotum; pronotum about half as long as mesonotum; pronotum with disc weakly wrinkled, carina parallel to anterior margin and with two slightly impressed points on disc; mesonotum with disc weakly wrinkled, median and peridiscal carinae slightly marked.
TEGMINA. Slightly convex in smaller species to nearly fl at in the larger ones; curving down at nodal line, often with apex slightly curved upwards; elongate, about 2.1-2.5 times as long as broad; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded; sutural margin slightly oblique after clavus. Venation: veins ScP + RA and RP separated close to base; fi rst fork of MP on basal ⅓; fi rst fork of CuA slightly before apex of clavus; clavus closed; Pcu and A1 fused at ⅔ of clavus length; Pcu+A1 reaching apical angle of clavus; numerous elongate cells along posterior half of costal margin and along apical margin. POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 1A). Well developed, about as broad as tegmina, rounded apically; moderately narrow: LW/BW = 1.7-2.0; anal area moderately developed; sutural margin weakly trilobous; not reaching apex of tegmina at rest; dark brown to black, with apicosutural triangular white spot, rarely missing; sometimes with central, small to very large, orange marking. All main veins visible from base, forked after nodal line and sometimes forming closed cells; transverse veinlets delimiting elongate cells on apical ⅓; veins A1 and A2 sometimes with 2-3 terminals. Arrangement of secondary veins and veinlets variable between specimens and sometimes between the two wings of the same specimen.

Note
On the labels of these specimens, "Chilagoe" and "Hounted" should be spelled "Chillagoe" and "Haunted", respectively. . Vertex concave with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; variegated brown and yellow-brown with darker marking at lateral angles. Frons pale yellowish variegated with brown, with superolateral and dorsal margins broadly bordered with black and 2 transverse, aligned black markings above middle. Clypeus elongate, pale yellowish, with basal, black, horseshoe-shaped marking and oblique brown lines on sides. Genae pale yellowish, slightly darker around eyes. Labium dark brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae dark brown, paler dorsally; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 4A-D). Pronotum brown variegated with yellowish and with blackish marking; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax brown, turning to pale yellowish ventrally. Mesonotum brown variegated with yellowish and black markings along median carina and along external side of peridiscal carinae; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae dark brown, paler dorsally. TEGMINA ( Fig. 4A, C). Brown variegated with yellowish; broad apical band and irregular markings along basal and costal margins black; pale yellow line on vein A1 at half length of clavus; large triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; white spot at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at nodal line; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded. POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 4E). Black-brown with darker marking at base of apical half along costal margin; elongate, transverse, with triangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 6 cells; elongate orange marking between anal fold and vein CuP at ⅔, not reaching margin. Margin of anal area sinuate; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked.   MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 5). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, narrow ventrally ( Fig. 5A, C). Anal tube oblong, 3.15 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; lateral margins subparallel and slightly curved ventrally; apical margin emarginate in middle ( Fig. 5A-B). Gonostyli fused to nearly half length of centroventral part and projecting posterodorsally (Fig. 5A, C). Centroventral part dorsoventrally fl attened basally, progressively twisted and laminate towards apex, broader apically in lateral view, with apical margin concave, apicodorsal angle pointed and apicoventral angle angularly rounded (Fig. 5A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli curved centroventrally, falcate and slightly concave ventrally, with lateral process rather broad and shorter than spoon-shaped process (Fig. 5A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with elongate process on each side, pointing dorsally and slightly curved internally at base (Fig. 5E). Ventral portion of phallobase along lateral margin of phallus, elongate, curved internally and nearly merging together apically, directed posterodorsally ( Fig. 5E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, lanceolate in dorsal view (Fig. 5E-F).

Female
Similar to male but with frons entirely brown and with white markings of tegmina smaller (Fig. 6).

Distribution and biology
This species is currently recorded from a single location in tropical Queensland, near Chillagoe, in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregion (Fig. 3). The specimens were collected in March.

Diagnosis
This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings without orange marking (

Etymology
This species is dedicated to Greg Daniels who collected the holotype, together with his wife Alice.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 7E). Black-brown, paler near base along costal and anal margins and along anal fold; elongate, transverse, rather small white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 3 cells. Margin of anal area sinuate; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS ( Fig. 7A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae yellowish brown. Pro-and mesofemora dark brown with 2 obsolete yellowish rings. Pro-and mesotibiae dark brown with 2 slightly marked yellowish rings. Proand mesotarsi brown with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae red. Metafemora reddish yellow with apex brown. Metatibiae brown with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and 8 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 8). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, rather broad ventrally (Fig. 8A, C). Anal tube elongate, 2.05 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; lateral margins parallel on basal ⅓, rhomboid on apical ⅔ with posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 8A-B). Gonostyli fused basally and coalescent on 4/5 of length; diverging apically ( Fig. 8C). Centroventral part elongate, laterally compressed and ending in a strong hook pointing dorsally (Fig. 8A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli strongly sinuate in dorsal view with apical part strongly curved and directed dorsolaterally; lateral process in more dorsal position, slightly curved ventrally near apex and slightly directed anteriorly, longer than spoon-shaped process (

Female
Unknown.

Distribution and biology
This species is currently recorded from a single location on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Cape York Peninsula Tropical Savanna bioregion. The specimen was collected in April.  . Vertex concave with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; yellowish variegated with brown and with black marking at lateral angles. Frons black-brown with mediobasal irregular marking yellowish variegated with brown. Clypeus elongate, brown with 2 short, black, longitudinal lines at base, with oblique yellowish lines on sides and with apex darker. Genae pale yellowish, slightly darker at place around eyes and with brown marking under antennae. Labium blackbrown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae dark brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 9A-D). Pronotum brown variegated with yellowish, with blackish marking and with yellowish spot at lateral angles; slightly transversely wrinkled posteriorly; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax dark brown. Mesonotum black-brown with reddish markings along posterior margin, median yellowish spot along anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; slightly transversely wrinkled; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown. TEGMINA (Fig. 9A, C). Brown variegated with yellowish and black; irregular transverse row of whitish spots at basal ⅓; large triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; white spot at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at nodal line; costal margin sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.   POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 9E). Brown with apical ⅓ black; transverse, broad, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 4 cells; large, elongate orange marking between anal fold and vein CuA at basal ⅓, not reaching margin. Margin of anal area slightly rounded; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS ( Fig. 9A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown with 2 obsolete yellowish rings. Pro-and mesotibiae dark brown with 3 obsolete ring-shaped yellowish markings, larger one near apex. Pro-and mesotarsi dark brown with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae reddish brown; metafemora red with apex dark brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and 8 apical, black-brown spines. Metatarsi dark brown with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown.
MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 10). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, narrow ventrally ( Fig. 10A, C). Anal tube oblong, 3.3 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; lateral margins subparallel and slightly curved ventrally on apical ⅔; apical margin rounded ( Fig. 10A-B). Gonostyli fused to nearly half length of centroventral part and projecting posterodorsally ( Fig. 10A, C). Centroventral part dorsoventrally fl attened basally, progressively twisted and laminate towards apex, broader apically in lateral view, with apical margin slightly sinuate, apicodorsal angle pointed and apicoventral angle angularly rounded (Fig. 10A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli curved lateroventrally, hooked, with lateral process rather broad and about as long as spoon-shaped process (

Female
Similar to male, but with frons brown turning to reddish-brown medioventrally; legs paler with yellowish rings more developed; posterior wings less contrasted, with apicocostal white marking narrower and orange marking less developed (Fig. 11).

Distribution and biology
This species is currently recorded from a small area west of Mareeba in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregion. The specimens were collected in January, March, June, August and November; hence, the species may be present all year long.

Diagnosis
This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings without orange marking (Figs 12E, 14E) (2) pro-and mesofemora and -tibiae largely black-brown ( Male HEAD ( Fig. 12A-D). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; dark brown variegated with yellowish in middle. Frons black-brown, slightly tinged with reddish medioventrally. Clypeus elongate, black-brown with 2 short, black, longitudinal lines at base, with oblique reddish lines on sides and with apex darker. Genae brown with yellowish markings along anterior margin. Labium black, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 12A-D). Pronotum dark brown with some yellowish markings; slightly transversely wrinkled posteriorly; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax dark brown. Mesonotum black-brown with reddish markings along posterior margin, median yellowish spot along anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; slightly wrinkled; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown. TEGMINA ( Fig. 12A, C). Dark brown with small yellowish or reddish spots; bigger, yellowish, slightly transverse spot on middle of clavus; large triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; white spot at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at nodal line; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 12E). Brown with apical ⅓ black-brown; transverse, broad, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 6 cells. Margin of anal area sinuate; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS ( Fig. 12A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae dark brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown with reddish spots marking 2 obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotibiae black-brown with 3 obsolete ring-shaped reddish or yellowish markings, larger one near apex. Pro-and mesotarsi dark brown. Metacoxae reddish brown; metafemora red with apex dark brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and 8 apical, black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 13). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, narrow ventrally ( Fig. 13A, C). Anal tube oblong, 3.6 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; slightly constricted on basal ⅓ and narrowing towards apex in dorsal view; lateral margins sinuate and slightly curved ventrally on apical ⅔; apical margin narrowly rounded ( Fig. 13A-B). Gonostyli fused to slightly further than basal third of centroventral part and projecting posterodorsally (Fig. 13A, C). Centroventral part dorsoventrally fl attened basally,  progressively twisted and laminate towards apex and with ventral margin concave in lateral view; slightly broader apically in lateral view with apical margin strongly sinuate, apicodorsal angle pointed and apicoventral angle rounded (Fig. 13A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli with ventrally strongly curved, hooked process, with lateral process rather broad and about as long as spoon-shaped process (Fig. 13A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with strongly elongated process on each side, pointing dorsally and slightly internally (Fig. 13E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase along lateral margin of phallus on basal two thirds, then under phallus, narrowing and bifi d apically, directed posterodorsally ( Fig. 13E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, elongate, with apical margin emarginate in dorsal view ( Fig. 13E-F).

Female
Similar to male, but darker; frons entirely black-brown; markings on pro-and mesofemora nearly absent; markings on pro-and mesotibiae reduced; white markings on tegmina smaller (Fig. 14).

Distribution and biology
This species is currently known from a series of ten specimens collected near Undara Lava Tubes in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregion. All specimens were collected in January, on the same day; hence, the species is probably not scarce in its habitat. Distant, 1906 Figs 3, 15-25

Etymology
The species epithet marginatus (adjective, Latin) means ʻmarginatedʼ, ʻborderedʼ. It refers to the darkened costal and apical margins of the tegmina.

Note
In the collections of BMNH, there are 3 additional specimens identifi ed by Distant but which are not part of the type series: 1 ♀, "Olonia marginata Dist.", "Townsville [19°25′26″ S, 146°56′44″ E] (Dodd)", "B", "Distant Coll. 1911-383";2 ♂♂, "Queensland, F.P. Dodd, Brit. Mus., 1907-54". These specimens are particularly interesting because (1) they are from the same collector as the type series; (2) they provide Townsville as the location for the type series, where the collector, Frederick Parkhurst Dodd , lived at the time before moving to Kuranda and (3) there are two males, which allows a characterization of the species based on male genitalia. These males are used here as a reference for the recognition of this species.  Pronotum brown with small yellowish spot on each side; slightly wrinkled; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax dark brown. Mesonotum brown variegated with blackish; yellowish spot on middle of anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae dark brown.
TEGMINA (Figs 16A, C, 17A, C, 18A, C). Brown slightly variegated with yellowish and black; often pale yellowish marking on vein A1 at midlength of clavus; marked with black along costal margin, more broadly so on posterior half, and along posterior margin (Figs 16A, C, 17A, C); sometimes a broad, whitish, transverse band at proximal ⅓, bordered with black markings along costal margin (Fig. 18A, C). Darker, median, irregular marking at apical ⅔; triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line, sometimes reduced; no white spot at apicosutural angle. Costal and sutural margins subparallel; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 19). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, rather broad ventrally (Fig. 19A, C). Anal tube spatulate, 2.2 times as long as broad, laterally constricted at level of epiproct, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; lateral margins slightly curved ventrally on apical ⅔; apical margin rounded (Fig. 19 A-B). Gonostyli fused on basal  third of length of centroventral part and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 19A, C). Centroventral part broad and dorsoventrally fl attened on basal third, then strongly narrowing into a long spinose process strongly sinuate basally in lateral view and ending in narrow hook curved ventrally (Fig. 19A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli strongly elongate and curved posteroventrally, surpassing level of centroventral part ventrally; lateral process elongate, projecting laterally and longer than spoon-shaped process (Fig. 19A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with hooked process on each side, progressively narrowing from base to apex, directed posterocentrally and with apex pointing dorsally (Fig. 19E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase trilobed in dorsal view, with median lobe surpassing phallus (Fig. 19E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, rather broad, with apical margin emarginate in middle (Fig. 19E-F).

Female
Similar to male, but with white spot at apicosutural angle of posterior wing reduced, extending on 1 cell (Figs 15, 20). Sometimes with a reduced white transverse band at basal ⅓ of tegmina visible in a marking along costal and sutural margins (Fig. 21).
Nymph HEAD (Fig. 22). Brown, as broad as pronotum, frons fl attened, with lateral rounded row of yellowish tubercles; group of yellowish tubercles dorsally on each side of joint between frons and vertex; clypeus reaching mesocoxae. THORAX (Fig. 22). Brown; pronotum short, with two dense rows of yellowish tubercles on each side; meso-and metanotum with a circular group of yellowish tubercles at base of wing buds and some tubercles near apex of wing buds. LEGS (Fig. 22). Brown slightly variegated with yellowish; large in comparison to body size. Anterior and median femora and tibiae broad and dorsoventrally fl attened; posterior tibiae with three strong lateral spines. ABDOMEN (Fig. 22). Rather short, less than half as long as head and thorax combined, and narrower than thorax; pale yellowish bown with dorsal median line and apex darker. Live specimens with abdomen covered in white wax, except three apical segments with brown wax; each segment bearing a waxy plate on each side; two movable, very elongate, waxy fi laments at apex of abdomen (Figs 23B-C, 25B-C, K, N).

Distribution and biology
This species is recorded from an area around Townsville in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna, Queensland Tropical Rainforests and Brigalow Tropical Savanna bioregions. Adult specimens were collected in January, February, March, April, August, Sepember and October, while  , and an egg mass in Apr. (Fig. 23D), leading to the conclusion that the species is probably present most of the year. A caterpillar of an unidentifi ed species of Epipyropidae (Lepidoptera) was observed on the back of a female specimen (Fig. 23G).

Note
Signoret (1850) based the transfer of this species to Eurymela (Cicadellidae) on a misidentifi ed specimen (Fig. 26). This specimen indeed belongs to the tribe Eurymelini, identifi ed as a member of the genus Platyeurymela Evans, 1933or Pauroeurymela Evans, 1933by M.J. Fletcher (pers. com., Apr. 2016 based on the examination of photographs of the specimen in NHMW.

Diagnosis
The species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings without orange marking (Figs 29E, 31E) (2) pro-and mesofemora and -tibiae largely dark brown (Figs 29A-D, 31A-D) (3) anal tube of male spatulate, constricted at half length (Fig. 30B) (4) centroventral part of gonostyli with strong elongate process tapering distally and with 4-5 apical teeth (Fig. 30A, C) (5) laterodorsal part of gonostyli with strong furcate process, elongate process strongly curved posterolaterally (Fig. 30A, C-D) (6) rather small size: 7-8 mm Females of O. maura are nearly impossible to separate from females of the sympatric O. picea and should be identifi ed only if collected together with males.

Etymology
The species epithet maurus (adjective, Latin) means ʻMoorʼ, the inhabitants of North Africa, and by extension, ʻdark skinnedʼ. It refers to the dark colour of the species.

Note
The lectotype and paralectotype are placed together in the Banks collection under two labels: "Cicada maura, Fab. Entom. p. 686.24", "Type". The specimens were collected by Joseph Banks and his team at the mouth of the Endeavour River (coordinates: 15°27′32″ S, 145°13′28″ E), when Captain James Cook's ship Endeavour was beached and repaired, 17 Jun.-4 Aug. 1770 (Banks 1771). Male HEAD (Figs 27A-D, 29A-D). Vertex slightly concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; medium to dark brown with sides slightly darker. Frons uniformly coloured, medium to dark brown. Clypeus elongate, entirely brown. Genae brown to black with yellowish markings along anterior margin. Labium brown to black, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black-brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex.
THORAX (Figs 27A-D, 29A-D). Pronotum uniformly brown, sometimes variegated with yellowish; slightly wrinkled; 2 small impressed points on disc slightly marked; sometimes very obsolete median carina. Lateral fi elds of prothorax coloured as pronotum. Mesonotum medium to dark brown, somewhat darker than pronotum, sometimes variegated with yellowish; yellowish minute spot at apex of scutellum; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae medium to dark brown. TEGMINA (Figs 27A, C, 29A, C). Medium to dark brown; often pale yellowish marking on vein A1 at midlength of clavus; marked with dark brown or black along costal margin, more broadly so on posterior half, and along posterior margin. Often darker, median, irregular marking at apical ⅔; triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line, sometimes reduced; sometimes, a number of minute white spots at apicosutural angle. Costal and sutural margins subparallel; costal margin nearly straight; apical margin obliquely rounded. POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 29E). Brown, paler on anal area and progressively darker on apical half; small, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 2-4 cells. Margin of anal area slightly sinuate; sutural margin with 1 slight cleft, cubital one nearly not marked.
LEGS (Figs 27A-D, 29A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae black-brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown variegated with brown. Pro-and mesotibiae medium to dark brown, sometimes with 3 paler obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotarsi black-brown with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae reddish brown; metafemora reddish with apex brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines paler basally and 9 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.

ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown.
MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 30). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ¼, moderately broad ventrally (Fig. 30A, C). Anal tube with lateral margins parallel before epiproct, constricted at level of epiproct, then obovate in apical half, 1.95 times as long as broad,   slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; apical margin rounded (Fig. 30A-B). Gonostyli fused on basal 2/ 5 of length of centroventral part and projecting posterodorsally (Fig. 30A, C). Centroventral part broad and dorsoventrally fl attened on basal 2/5, then with 2 strong divergent processes projecting posterodorsally, with apex curved ventrally and bearing 4-5 strong teeth (Fig. 30A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli elongate and directed posterolaterally, dorsoventrally fl attened, shorter than centroventral part and strongly bifi d, apically with the two processes subparallel; lateral process elongate, projecting anterolaterally and about as long as spoon-shaped process (Fig. 30A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with hooked process on each side, progressively narrowing from base to apex, directed posterocentrally, slightly converging posteriorly, curved in dorsal view and with apex pointing dorsally (Fig. 30E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase unilobed in dorsal view, with median lobe surpassing phallus (Fig. 30E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, rather broad, with apical margin deeply emarginate in middle ( Fig.  30E-F).

Female
Similar to male, but without white spot on costal margin of tegmina at nodal line and with white spot at apicosutural angle of posterior wing strongly reduced, visible as a small, slightly paler marking (Fig. 31).

Distribution and biology
This species is currently recorded from an area around Cairns in North Queensland (Fig. 3) Male HEAD (Fig. 32A-D). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; black-brown slightly variegated with brown. Frons black-brown slightly wrinkled and with paler markings along dorsal margin. Clypeus elongate, black-brown, tinged with reddish in middle and with small reddish point at basolateral angles. Genae brown-black with yellowish markings around eyes and along anterior margin. Labium black-brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black-brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 32A-C). Pronotum black-brown slightly variegated with yellowish along anterior margin and with small yellowish spot at lateral angles; slightly transversely wrinkled posteriorly; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax black-brown. Mesonotum blackbrown, slightly wrinkled, with apex of scutellum slightly reddish; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae black-brown. TEGMINA (Fig. 32A, C). Black-brown with median area paler; small reddish spots on basal half and clavus; large white transverse marking along costal margin at half length, with additional smaller white spots in a row; large triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line, nearly extending to white spots at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at basal ⅓; costal margin sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 32E). Brown with apical half turning to black and anal area paler; transverse, broad, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 7-8 cells. Margin of anal area slightly sinuate; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS (Fig. 32A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae black-brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown with 2 obsolete yellowish rings. Pro-and mesotibiae black-brown with 3 obsolete yellowish rings, larger one near apex. Pro-and mesotarsi dark brown with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae reddish brown; metafemora red with apex black-brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines slightly yellowish basally and 8 apical, black-brown spines. Metatarsi dark brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 33). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, moderately broad ventrally (Fig. 33A, C). Anal tube with lateral margins subparallel before epiproct, constricted at level of epiproct, then obovate in apical half, 2.33 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; apical margin roundly truncate (Fig. 33A-B). Gonostyli fused on basal 2/ 5 of length of centroventral part and projecting posterodorsally (Fig. 33A, C). Centroventral part broad and dorsoventrally fl attened on basal 2/ 5, then with 2 strong divergent processes curved laterally and pointed apically (Fig. 33A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli elongate and directed posterodorsally, laterally fl attened, not surpassing centroventral part and strongly bifi d apically, with the two pointed processes forming an open C and projecting posteriorly, dorsal process shorter than ventral one; lateral process elongate, projecting posterolaterally and slightly longer than spoon-shaped process (Fig. 33A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with hooked process on each side, progressively narrowing from base to apex, directed dorsally, slightly converging apically (Fig. 33E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase unilobed in dorsal view, broadly rounded apically and with median lobe surpassing phallus (Fig. 33E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, rather broad, with apical margin deeply emarginate in middle (Fig.  33E-F).

Female
Similar to male, but with markings on anterior and median legs less visible; tegmina with apical margin largely bordered with white; posterior wings with apical margin largely bordered with white, white area extending on 11 cells (Fig. 34).

Distribution and biology
This species is currently recorded from Blue Bakers Mountain, an isolated mountain area in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregion. The specimens were collected in November in open forest at 800 m a.s.l. In an unpublished report available on the Internet, Ingram (1998) mentions that the location is a refuge with many endemic species of invertebrates (molluscs and isopods).
Note Fennah (1964) synonymized Lyncilia Stål, 1863 with Platybrachys Stål, 1859 but failed to formally propose the new combination Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) for the single species contained in that genus. The latter combination is here treated as a nomen implicitum. Examination of the holotype and recent additional material of Lyncilia nobilis revealed that the species actually belongs to the genus Olonia.

Diagnosis
This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings with large conspicuous orange marking (Figs 36E, 38E) and with narrow apical white border in females ( Male HEAD (Fig. 36A-D). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; brown variegated with yellowish. Frons reddish black-brown, slightly rugulose. Clypeus elongate, dark reddish brown. Genae black-brown with yellowish markings around eyes and along anterior margin. Labium black-brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae dark brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 36A-D). Pronotum brown variegated with yellowish and blackish; slightly transversely wrinkled posteriorly; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown variegated with reddish and blackish, with median yellowish spot along anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; slightly transversely wrinkled; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown. TEGMINA (Fig. 36A, C). Brown with costal margin along posterior half and apical margin after nodal line, bordered with black; small reddish to yellowish spots; conspicuous transverse, white marking along costal margin at half length; small white marking on vein A1 at half length of clavus; triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; white spot at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at basal third; costal margin sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 36E). Bright orange with apical ⅓ black; basal ¼ between anal fold and vein MP, anal area and border along sutural margin brown; transverse, broad, white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 2 cells. Margin of anal area straight; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS ( Fig. 36A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae black-brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown. Pro-and mesotibiae black-brown with 3 obsolete ring-shaped reddish to yellowish markings, larger one near apex, more developed on mesotibiae. Pro-and mesotarsi dark brown, with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae reddish brown; metafemora reddish with apex dark brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and 8 apical, black-brown spines. Metatarsi dark brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.

Female
Similar to male, but tegmina without white spot along costal margin on nodal line and at apicosutural angle, replaced by narrow white border along apical margin; posterior wings brown with apical ¼ black, large central bright orange marking extending from anal fold to vein ScP + R, and apical margin narrowly bordered with white along 5-6 cells (Fig. 38).

Distribution and biology
This species has only been recorded from Lizard Island, a small 10 km 2 island where it seems to be restricted, off the eastern coast of Cape York Peninsula (Fig. 3) in the Cape York Peninsula Tropical Savanna bioregion. The specimens were found in March, July and November, at low altitude according to the available data (the island culminates at 359 m a.s.l.). Several specimens were observed on stems of Ipomoea pes-caprae but not on those of I. macrantha Roem. & Schult. (A. Hoggett pers. com.) (Fig. 39). Kirkaldy, 1906 Figs 3, 40-43 Olonia picea Kirkaldy, 1906: 445

Diagnosis
This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings without orange marking (Figs 41E, 43E) (2) pro-and mesofemora and tibiae largely black-brown (Figs 41A-D, 43A-D) (3) anal tube of male obovate, narrowing at basal ⅓ (Fig. 42B) (4) centroventral part of gonostyli with strong, elongate process curved laterally and pointed apically (Fig. 42A, C) (5) laterodorsal part of gonostyli strongly bifi d, with dorsal and ventral process forming a C together (Fig. 42A, C-D) (6) rather small size: 6.5-7.5 mm Females of O. picea are nearly impossible to separate from females of the sympatric O. maura and should be identifi ed only if collected together with males.

Etymology
The species epithet piceus (adjective, Latin) means ʻpiceousʼ, ʻbrownʼ. It refers to the general colour of the species.

Note
One of the two male paralectotypes is actually a male of O. maura (Fabricius, 1775). Male HEAD (Fig. 41A-D). Vertex slightly concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; medium to dark brown; obsolete median carina shortly marked along posterior margin. Frons uniformly coloured, medium to dark brown, sometimes darker at lateral angles. Clypeus elongate, entirely medium to dark brown. Genae brown to black with yellowish markings along anterior margin. Labium brown to black, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black-brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex.  (Fig. 41A-D). Pronotum uniformly medium to dark brown; slightly wrinkled; 2 small impressed points on disc slightly marked. Lateral fi elds of prothorax coloured as pronotum. Mesonotum medium to dark brown variegated with darker zones on middle and sides; minute yellowish spot at apex of scutellum; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina ending before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae medium to dark brown.   (Fig. 41A, C). Medium to dark brown; often pale yellowish marking on vein A1 at midlength of clavus; marked with dark brown or black along costal margin, more broadly so on posterior half, and along posterior margin. Often darker, median, irregular marking at apical ⅔; triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line, sometimes reduced; sometimes a number of minute white spots at apicosutural angle. Costal and sutural margins subparallel; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.

Additional material
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 41E). Brown, paler on anal area and progressively darker on apical half; small, somewhat rounded white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 2-3 cells. Margin of anal area slightly sinuate; sutural margin with 1 slight cleft, cubital one nearly not marked. LEGS (Fig. 41A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae black-brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown variegated with brown. Pro-and mesotibiae medium to dark brown, sometimes with 3 paler obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotarsi black-brown, with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae reddish; metafemora reddish with apex brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines paler basally and 9 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown.
MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 42). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, strongly roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, moderately broad ventrally (Fig. 42A, C). Anal tube obovate, 1.9 times as long as broad, narrowing at level of epiproct, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view; lateral margins slightly curved ventrally on apical half; apical margin roundly pointed (Fig. 42A-B). Gonostyli fused on basal half of length of centroventral part and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 42A, C). Centroventral part broad and dorsoventrally fl attened on basal half, then narrowing into an elongate, curved, spinose process directed laterally and ending in ventrally curved point (Fig. 42A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli strong and curved dorsocentrally, slightly surpassing level of centroventral part ventrally, bifi d, with a dorsal and a ventral process elongate and pointing apically, and forming a C together; lateral process elongate, projecting posterolaterally and longer than spoon-shaped process (Fig. 42A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with hooked process on each side, progressively narrowing from base to apex, directed posterodorsally and with apex pointing centrally (Fig. 42E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase subquadrate, with apical margin emarginate in dorsal view and with median lobe not surpassing phallus (Fig. 42E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, rather broad, with apical margin emarginate in middle ( Fig. 42E-F).

Female
Similar to male but with white spot on costal margin of tegmina at nodal line reduced, and sometimes with white, transverse marking on costal margin of tegmina slightly before half length and extending to vein RP (Fig. 43).

Distribution and biology
This species has been recorded from an area around Cairns in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna and Queensland Tropical Rainforests bioregions. Specimens were collected in January, February, March, April, July, August and September. No host plant known. (Walker, 1851)  non Olonia rubicunda -Jacobi 1928: 4 ((re)described from Kimberley District (erroneous, based on misidentifi ed specimens)). -Lallemand 1935: 675 (mentioned from Northern Territory (erroneous, based on misidentifi ed specimens)).

Diagnosis
The species can be recognized by the following combination of characters (♀): (1) hind wings without orange marking (Fig. 44B) (2) pro-and mesofemora and tibiae largely black-brown (Fig. 44C, E) (3) tegmina brown, darker along costal and apical margins (Fig. 44B) (4) rather small size: 8.5 mm This species is currently known only from a single female and the diagnosis will need to be augmented with characters of the male genitalia when male specimens become available.

Etymology
The species epithet rubicundus (adjective, Latin) means ʻbright redʼ. It refers to the colour of the abdomen in this species. Female HEAD (Fig. 44A-E). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; brown with darker marking at lateral angles. Frons uniformly reddish brown. Clypeus elongate, entirely reddish brown. Genae yellowish with elongate brown marking under eye. Labium black-brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black-brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX (Fig. 44A-E). Pronotum brown and slightly wrinkled; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax brown. Mesonotum brown variegated with blackish; peridiscal carinae weakly marked. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown. (Mesonotum damaged in the examined specimen.) TEGMINA (Fig. 44B). Brown with small yellowish spots; pale yellowish marking on vein A1 at ⅔ of clavus; marked with black along costal margin, more broadly so on posterior half, and along posterior margin. Triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; yellowish markings at apicosutural angle. (Remaining right tegmen of examined specimen damaged.) POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 44B). Brown, paler on anal area and with large darker area reaching apical margin; elongate, transverse, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 3 cells. Margin of anal area slightly sinuate; sutural margin with 1 cleft, cubital one not marked. LEGS (Fig. 44A, C, E). Pro-and mesocoxae dark brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown with reddish spots marking obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotibiae black-brown with reddish markings on 3 obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotarsi black-brown, with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metacoxae red; metafemora reddish with apex brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines paler basally and 8 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere. ABDOMEN (FIG. 44A-D). Bright red with genital segments brown and sternite VII white.

Male
Unknown.

Distribution and biology
This species is known only from a single specimen from Fraser Island in southeastern Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Eastern Australian Temperate Forests bioregion. Biology unknown.

Diagnosis
This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings without orange marking (Fig. 45E) (2) pro-and mesofemora and -tibiae mostly brown (Fig. 45A-D) (3) anal tube of male oblong, with posterior margin slightly concave and lateral margins sinuate ( Male HEAD (Fig. 45A-D). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; brown, slightly wrinkled. Frons uniformly brown, slightly wrinkled. Clypeus elongate, brown. Genae yellowish with brown markings around eyes and under antennae. Labium dark brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black-brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 45A-C). Pronotum brown with small yellowish spot on each side; slightly wrinkled; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax brown. Mesonotum brown; yellowish spot on middle of anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; slightly rugulose; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina stopping before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown.  (Fig. 45A, C). Brown, slightly variegated with yellowish; pale yellowish marking on vein A1 at midlength of clavus; marked with black along costal margin, more broadly so on posterior half, and along posterior margin. Triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line; no white spot at apicosutural angle. Costal and sutural margins subparallel; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 45E). Brown, paler on anal area and with large blackish area reaching apical margin; elongate, transverse, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 3-4 cells. Margin of anal area slightly sinuate; sutural margin with 1 cleft, cubital one nearly not marked. LEGS (Fig. 45A-D). All coxae brown. Pro-and mesofemora dark brown. Pro-and mesotibiae brown, turning blackish apically, and with 3 very obsolete paler rings. Pro-and mesotarsi brown, with basal half of third tarsomere paler. Metafemora pale brown with apex darker. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines paler basally and 8 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown, with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown.
MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 46). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, rather angularly, roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓ and rather broad ventrally (Fig. 46A, C). Anal tube oblong, 2.9 times as long as broad, broader at apical ⅔, with lateral margins sinuate and apical margin concave; lateral margins curved ventrally on apical ⅔; slightly curved ventrally near base in lateral view (Fig. 46A-B). Gonostyli fused on slightly less than basal half of length of centroventral part and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 46A, C). Centroventral part broad and dorsoventrally fl attened on basal half, then strongly narrowing into elongate, narrow process, strongly sinuate basally in lateral view and ending in narrow hook curved anteroventrally (Fig. 46A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli elongate and slightly curved posteroventrally, posteriorly slightly surpassing level of centroventral part; lateral process elongate, projecting posterolaterally, slightly concave dorsally and longer than spoon-shaped process (Fig. 46A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with hooked process on each side, narrowing in 2 steps from base to apex, directed posterocentrally and with apex pointing dorsally (Fig. 46E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase elongate and narrow, curved posteroventrally ( Fig. 46E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, medially concave, broadening towards apex and emarginate apically (Fig. 46E-F).

Female
Unknown.

Distribution and biology
This species is only known from a single male from Bathurst Head, a headland covered with open forest close to Cape Melville on the eastern coast of Cape York Peninsula (Fig. 3), in the Cape York Peninsula Tropical Savanna bioregion. It was collected in January, nearly one century ago. Male HEAD (Fig. 47A-D). Vertex concave, with anterior and posterior margins parallel, curved; dark brown variegated with yellowish in middle. Frons black-brown, slightly tinged with 2 transverse, irregular, variegated yellowish markings, more dorsal one not reaching sides. Clypeus elongate, dark reddish brown with 2 short, black, longitudinal lines at base, with apex darker. Genae yellowish with brown markings around eyes and under antennae. Labium brown, reaching metacoxae. Antennae black; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical, slightly narrowing towards apex. THORAX ( Fig. 47A-C). Pronotum dark brown with some yellowish markings laterally; slightly transversely wrinkled posteriorly; obsolete median carina and 2 small impressed points on disc. Lateral fi elds of prothorax brown. Mesonotum dark brown with reddish markings along posterior margin, median yellowish spot along anterior margin and at apex of scutellum; slightly rugulose; median and peridiscal carinae weakly marked; median carina ending before scutellum; slight impression before scutellum. Red ventrally. Tegulae brown. TEGMINA (Fig. 47A, C). Dark brown with small yellowish or reddish spots; bigger, whitish, slightly transverse spot on middle of clavus; large triangular white marking on costal margin on nodal line and a smaller one anterior to it; white marking at apicosutural angle. Maximum breadth at nodal line; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 47E). Brown with apical ⅓ black-brown; transverse, subtriangular white marking at apicocostal angle, extending on 5 cells; sutural margin broadly bordered with yellowish on basal half; orange marking between anal fold and vein CuA at about half length. Margin of anal area sinuate; sutural margin with 2 clefts, cubital one slightly marked. LEGS (Fig. 47A-D). Pro-and mesocoxae reddish brown. Pro-and mesofemora black-brown with yellowish spots marking 2 obsolete rings. Pro-and mesotibiae black-brown with 3 obsolete ring-shaped yellowish markings, larger one near apex. Pro-and mesotarsi dark brown, with basal half of last segment yellow-brown. Metacoxae reddish; metafemora reddish with apex brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and 8 apical, black-brown spines. Metatarsi brown with a ventral row of 6 black spines on fi rst tarsomere. ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments black-brown. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 48). Posterior margin of pygofer in lateral view strongly sinuate, roundly projecting at dorsal ⅓, rather broad ventrally (Fig. 48A, C). Anal tube elongate, 2.25 times as long as broad, with basal ⅓ parallel-sided and narrower, then broadly ovate with posterior margin notched; slightly sinuate in lateral view; lateral margins slightly curved ventrally on apical ⅔ (Fig. 48A-B). Gonostyli fused to nearly half length of centroventral part and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 48A, C). Centroventral part dorsoventrally fl attened on basal ⅓, then abruptly narrowing and forming strongly elongated and narrow process, slightly diverging and ending in a small hook pointing dorsally; process slightly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 48A, C). Laterodorsal part of gonostyli curved lateroventrally, hooked, with lateral process rather broad and moderately elongated, about as long as spoon-shaped process (Fig. 48A, C-D). Dorsal portion of phallobase with elongate process on each side, strongly narrowing on basal half in lateral view, then strongly hooked, pointing dorsally and slightly incurved (Fig. 48E-F). Ventral portion of phallobase along lateral margin of phallus on basal half, elongate and supassing phallus, crossing after it (Fig. 48E-F). Phallus dorsoventrally fl attened, elongate, narrowing from base to apex (Fig. 48E-F).

Female
Similar to male, but darker; frons entirely black-brown; white markings on tegmina smaller; blackbrown area of posterior wings larger, orange marking reduced (Fig. 49).

Distribution and biology
This species is known from a series of ten specimens collected in Chillagoe in North Queensland (Fig. 3), in the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregion. Nine specimens were collected on a single day in March; hence, the species is probably not scarce in its habitat. No host plant is recorded.

Diagnosis
Rather small sized (8.5-10 mm), dark brown variegated with black and yellowish, tegmina with a white marking along costal margin on nodal line and posterior wings usually with a white marking near externoapical angle in males and with apex white in females. The genus can be recognized by the following set of characters: (1) posterior wings with anal area well developed, broad (LW/BW = 1.5) (Fig. 50A) (2) posterior margin of pygofer with strongly developed projection at laterodorsal angle (3) gonostyli moderately sclerifi ed, separated and with elongate basodorsal process bearing dorsoapical, articulate, spoon-shaped process (4) aedeagus reduced, with dorsal portion of phallobase bearing two convergent elongate spinose processes The genus shares having a spoon-shaped process on the gonostyli with the Australian genera Chewobrachys Constant, 2008, Fletcherobrachys Constant, 2006, Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006, Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, Nirus Jacobi, 1928and Olonia Stål, 1862, but differs -from Chewobrachys by the smaller size (8.5-10 mm; 12-16 mm in Chewobrachys), the dark brown colour (greyish brown in Chewobrachys) and the male gonostyli with an elongate basodorsal process (gonostyli without basodorsal process in Chewobrachys) -from Fletcherobrachys by the bright red abdomen (green to orange in Fletcherobrachys), the hind wings being brown with a (sub-)apical white marking (basal half white in Fletcherobrachys), the absence of sexual dimorphism on the median tibiae (median tibiae with externodistal process in females of Fletcherobrachys) and the male gonostyli separated and with an elongate basodorsal process (gonostyli fused along most of their length and without a basodorsal process in Fletcherobrachys) -from Hackerobrachys by the frons being brown and slightly convex (bright yellow to red and strongly convex in Hackerobrachys), the posterior wings being brown with a (sub-)apical white marking and rounded apically (uniformly brown with apex subquadrate in Hackerobrachys) and the gonostyli being separated, with an elongate basodorsal process ( The genus Loisobrachys Constant, 2008 is known from a single female and was placed by Constant (2008b) close to Hackerobrachys. Hence, the males of that genus potentially share having gonostyli with a spoon-shaped process. However, Stalobrachys gen. nov. can easily be separated from Loisobrachys by its slightly convex frons (frons strongly convex in Loisobrachys) and by the posterior wings having white markings (uniformly brown in Loisobrachys).

Etymology
The name of this genus is formed from ʻStalʼ in memory of the great contribution of the late Swedish entomologist Dr Carl Stål (1833-1878 to the study of Hemiptera, and brachys (Greek) = ʻshortʼ, which is a common ending of generic names in Eurybrachidae. Gender feminine.

Description
COLOURATION. Head, pro-and mesonotum, and tegmina brown, from pale brown to nearly black, usually variegated with darker and paler. Tegmina with yellowish marking in middle of clavus on vein A1; triangular white marking along costal magin on nodal line; smaller white marking at apicosutural angle. Posterior wings black-brown, darker from base to distal part; with white subtriangular marking at apicocostal angle in males and with apex largely white in females. Pro-and mesofemora and proand mesotibiae with 2 paler rings; metafemora reddish, turning to brown apically; metatibiae brown. Abdomen and ventral face of thorax bright red; genital segments brown with ventral part of gonostyli white in males; abdominal segment VII white in females.
HEAD. As broad as thorax; vertex 3.4-3.9 times as broad as long, concave, with all margins slightly carinate; anterior and posterior margins rounded, parallel; frons about 2.1 times as broad as long, slightly convex, slightly wrinkled to rugulose, with peridiscal carina slightly marked; upper margin of frons straight in normal view; clypeus slightly surpassing anterior trochanters, elongate, with median carina towards apex; labium reaching hind coxae, with apical segment longer than broad, acuminate, shorter and more slender than penultimate segment; no infra-ocular spines on genae; ocelli absent; antennae elongate, very slightly surpassing eye and visible from above; scape about as long as broad, pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped.
THORAX. About 1.55 times as broad as combined length of pro-and mesonotum; pronotum about half as long as mesonotum; pronotum with disc weakly wrinkled, smooth carina parallel to anterior margin and 2 slightly impressed points on disc; mesonotum with disc weakly wrinkled, median and peridiscal carinae slightly marked.
TEGMINA. Slightly convex; curving down at nodal line and with apex slightly curved upwards; elongate, about 2.15-2.5 times as long as broad; costal margin slightly sinuate; apical margin obliquely rounded; sutural margin slightly oblique after clavus. Venation: veins ScP + RA and RP separated close to base; fi rst fork of MP on basal ⅓; fi rst fork of CuA slightly before apex of clavus; clavus closed; Pcu and A1 fused at ⅔ of clavus length; Pcu + A1 reaching apical angle of clavus; numerous elongate cells along posterior half of costal margin and along apical margin.
POSTERIOR WINGS (Fig. 50A). Well developed, broader than tegmina, rounded apically; LW/BW = 1.5; anal area well developed; sutural margin very weakly trilobous; not reaching apex of tegmina at rest. All main veins visible from base, forked after nodal line and sometimes forming closed cells; transverse veinlets delimiting elongate cells on apical ⅓; vein A2 multiforked, with 2-4 terminals. Arrangement of secondary veins and veinlets variable between specimens and sometimes between the two wings of the same specimen (Fig. 52A).
LEGS. Pro-and mesofemora and -tibiae dorsoventrally fl attened, elongate and slender; metatibiae with 3 lateral and 9 apical spines; fi rst metatarsomere ventrally with pad of microsetae at interno-apical angle and group of 9 spines distributed more or less in two rows (Fig. 50B). Metatibiotarsal formula: (3) 9/4/0. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer rather short, higher than long and with basal margin sinuate in lateral view; in lateral view, dorsal portion narrower than ventral portion, and strong posterior projection at half heigth; aedeagus attached to apex of posterior process. Anal tube dorsoventrally fl attened, elongate; epiproct at basal ⅓. Gonostyli separated, large, mostly dorsoventally fl attened, and with an elongate basidorsal process directed dorsally and bearing spoon-shaped process apically. Aedeagus simple; phallobase with dorsal process elongate, projecting posteriorly and with apical part incurving, and ventral part elongate and dorsoventrally fl attened; phallus membranous, dorsoventrally fl attened and notched apically.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. Females slightly larger than males. Colour dimorphism also affecting the colour pattern of posterior wings: males with a white spot at basicostal angle, females with apical margin largely bordered with white.

Diagnosis
As for genus.
reddish; metafemora reddish with apex brown. Metatibiae brown, with 3 lateral spines yellowish basally and black distally, and 9 apical black-brown spines. Metatarsi reddish brown, with fi rst tarsomere darker distally and with a ventral group of 9 black spines in two irregular rows.
ABDOMEN. Bright red with genital segments yellowish white.
Fi g. 52. Stalobrachys alboapicata gen. et comb. nov. (Jacobi, 1928) (Fig. 54). Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli whitish. Pygofer higher than long, with basal margin sinuate in lateral view; in lateral view, dorsal 2/5 very narrow and ventral 2/5 more than two times as broad as dorsal portion; strong posterior projection at half heigth, about twice as long as ventral portion (Fig. 54A, C). Anal tube dorsoventrally fl attened, elongate, rounded apically in dorsal view and with posteromedian portion slightly depressed; epiproct at basal ⅓ (Fig. 54A-B). Gonostyli separated, large, mostly dorsoventally fl attened, with elongate basidorsal process directed dorsally and bearing spoon-shaped process apically. Aedeagus simple; phallobase with dorsal process elongate, projecting  posteriorly and with apical part incurving, and ventral part elongate and dorsoventrally fl attened and notched apically; phallus membranous, dorsoventrally fl attened and bifi d on distal ⅓. Female Similar to male, but with distal cells of posterior wings white instead of having a white spot at the apicosutural angle (Fig. 52).

Distribution and biology
This species is recorded only from a small area around Ravenshoe, at the limit between the Queensland Tropical Rainforests and the Einasleigh Upland Savanna bioregions (Fig. 3). The specimens were found in January and April, one of them in a habitat of mixed grassland and woodland on a basalt plateau described as a Eucalyptus patch at the edge of the rainforest (Ferrier 2006(Ferrier , 2015. However, host plants remain undocumented.

Remarks
The species is known from a single female and the key to the genera proposed by Fennah (1964) leads to the genus Platybrachys Stål, 1859. It is quite similar to P. leucostigma (Walker, 1851) (illustrations of the latter species available in Hacker 1924: fi g. 14) by showing an apical white border on the posterior wings and numerous elongate cells in the costal area. The species is here transferred to Platybrachys, although it is obvious that a complete revision of the genus will be necessary (Constant 2008a).

Taxonomic issues
I recently described two genera (Constant 2006b) to include species previously placed in Olonia: (1) Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006to accommodate O. viridiventris Stål, 1863, and (2) Fletcherobrachys Constant, 2006to accommodate Platybrachys stillata Bergroth, 1907 which I synonymized O. nigroapicata Jacobi, 1928 The study of the type specimens and available material from many museums raised the issue of the inconsistency of the genus Olonia, as already partly treated in Constant (2006b). The study of the male genitalia revealed that the species Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 does not belong in Olonia and cannot be placed in one of the existing genera. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is hence necessary to accommodate this species.
The species Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928, described from a female specimen from Hermannsburg (erroneously spelled "Hermansburg" by Lallemand 1928) in the Northern Territory near Alice Springs, does not belong in Olonia and is transferred to Platybrachys. Olonia apicalis, described from the northwestern coast of Australia by Walker (1851), does not belong in Olonia either and is transferred to Maeniana Metcalf, 1952.
The review of the specimens reported by Jacobi (1928) as belonging to Olonia revealed the following errors: (1) the specimens identifi ed as Olonia rubicunda (Walker, 1851) from Kimberley District (Western Australia instead of Northern Territory, as erroneously stated by Jacobi) represent a new species, the generic attribution of which will be treated in another paper (Constant, unpublished data) (2) the specimens mentioned under Olonia transversa (Walker, 1858) were misidentifi ed and the synonymy of Olonia picea Kirkaldy, 1906 is erroneous (Constant 2005b) (3) Olonia nigroapicata Jacobi, 1928 is actually a junior synonym of Fletcherobrachys stillata (Bergroth, 1907) (Constant 2006b)

Male genitalia
The genus Olonia is well characterized by the shape of the male genitalia, with a reduced aedeagus and very specialized, strongly sclerotized gonostyli. The male genitalia also offer very relevant characters for species separation. Although externally very similar, the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. can be separated from Olonia at fi rst glance if the male genitalia are considered. However, both genera show a peculiar spoon-shaped process on the gonostyli, a character shared also with the genera Chewobrachys Constant, 2008, Fletcherobrachys Constant, 2006, Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006, Maeniana Metcalf, 1952and Nirus Jacobi, 1928, and probably also Loisobrachys Constant, 2008 although the latter is known only from a single female. All these genera are from Australia and it seems that the "spoonshaped process character" allows the separation of a consistent group among the Eurybrachidae from Australia, the status of which will need further study. More than 70% of the Australian eurybrachids remain undescribed, both at specifi c and generic levels (Constant, unpublished data), and molecular data would provide a great help for the assessment of suprageneric relationships. The role of the spoonshaped process remains unknown and requires the observation of living specimens.

Biological data
The present work also provides a series of new host plant data, which clearly shows that species of Olonia are polyphagous, as opposed to the other Australian genera for which host plants have been recorded, e.g., Chewobrachys Constant, 2008, Gelastopsis Kirkaldy, 1906and Hackerobrachys Constant, 2006 being recorded only on Acacia spp. (Fabaceae), and Platybrachys Stål, 1859 recorded only on Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) (Hacker 1924;Constant 2006bConstant , 2008aBourgoin 2018 From the available data, the species of Olonia seem to be present as adults all year round, but this requires confi rmation from additional fi eld work. The habitat requirements of the different species need to be defi ned from fi eld observations rather than by extrapolation from the general habitat represented in each bioregion, e.g., O. marginata is present in the Queensland tropical rainforests bioregion, but was recorded from open coastal areas and vineyards rather than from the rainforest. It is also interesting to note that the genus seems to be restricted to the eastern part of Queensland, extending to the Great Dividing Range to the west, and mountains might have played a role in the speciation within the genus; however, this hypothesis requires a much more complete knowledge of the actual distribution of the species before any conclusion can be proposed.