Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XV). The Oriental genus Purusha Distant, 1906 with two new species and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae)

The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Purusha Distant, 1906 is reviewed and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Two new species, P. bellissima sp. nov. and P. vietnamica sp. nov. are described from Myanmar and North Vietnam, respectively. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. reversa (Hope, 1843). All species are illustrated, including all type specimens and the male genitalia for the fi rst time. Distribution maps, identifi cation key to species and biological data are provided. The sexual dimorphism in the genus is discussed. Five species are currently placed in Purusha.


Introduction
The family Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 is a small family of planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946) with 41 genera and 201 species, representing only 1.7% of the genera and 1.5% of the species of Fulgoromorpha. The family is restricted to the Old World and distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions, with some species present in the southeasternmost part of the Palaearctic region in China; it is not recorded from Madagascar and Taiwan (Metcalf 1956;Bourgoin 2019).
Eurybrachidae represent a characteristic component of the planthopper fauna of the Oriental Region where it counts 12 genera and 82 species distributed in two subfamilies. The subfamily Platybrachinae Schmidt, 1908 is represented in the region by a single tribe, Ancyrini Schmidt, 1908, containing a single genus, Ancyra White, 1845. The second subfamily Eurybrachinae Stål, 1862 is present in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and divided in three tribes; two of them, Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 (5 genera) and Frutini Schmidt, 1908 (1 genus) are restricted to the Oriental Region while the third one, Loxocephalini Schmidt, 1908, is represented in both the Afrotropical (3 genera) and Oriental (5 genera) regions, where the distribution of a few species slightly extends to the southeasternmost part of

R e s e a r c h a r t i c l e
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D11E0841-00AF-4A10-BC58-AB57828AE6F1 the Palaearctic Region (Metcalf 1956;Fennah 1964;Constant 2004Constant , 2006Bourgoin 2019). All Oriental genera of Eurybrachidae are restricted to the Oriental Region and very little information on the biology and host plants is generally available. I gave the available data about Klapperibrachys Constant, 2006(Constant 2006 and Chalia Walker, 1858(Constant 2007, and Wang & Wang (2013) provided some data about Loxocephala Schaum, 1850. The genus Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834, and notably the species E. spinosa Fabricius, 1798 andE. tomentosa Fabricius, 1775, was the subject of more serious studies on development, biology, host plants and parasites because it is considered a pest of some crops (e.g., cotton) in southern India (Lefroy & Howlett 1909;Fletcher 1917Fletcher , 1920Chatterjee 1932aChatterjee , 1932bChatterjee , 1933Chatterjee & Bose 1934;Dover & Appanna 1934). When I started with the revision of the family Eurybrachidae (Constant 2004), it appeared necessary to redefi ne and review all existing genera. For a long time I regarded the genus Purusha Distant, 1906 as extremely diffi cult to revise because all species were described from single females. However, some key male specimens have recently become available, which now allows to complete a comprehensive revision of the genus Purusha as the fi fteenth part of the ongoing revision of the family.
The present paper aims to fully revise the taxonomy of Purusha, to describe two new species and to provide a complete illustration, an identifi cation key, a distribution map and biological data of all the species. Additionally, an identifi cation key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given.

Material and methods
The types of all described species were studied and as much material as possible was examined. The genitalia were extracted after boiling the abdomen in a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) at about 100°C. Some drops of saturated alcoholic Chlorazol black solution were added for contrasting (Carayon 1969). The pygofer was separated from the abdomen and the aedeagus dissected with a needle blade for examination. The whole was then placed in glycerine for preservation in a genitalia vial attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. The description of the female genitalia follows Bourgoin (1993) with some additions from the studies of Soulier-Perkins (1997) and Soulier-Perkins & Bourgoin (1998) on the family Lophopidae Stål, 1866; the description of the wing venation follows Bourgoin et al. (2015). The metatibiotarsal formula provides the number of spines on (the side of the metatibia) the apex of the metatibia/apex of the fi rst metatarsomere/apex of the second metatarsomere. The nomenclature follows Schmidt (1908) and Metcalf (1956). For each picture, a number of photographs were taken with a Canon 700D camera equipped with a Tamron 90 mm macro lens and stacked with CombineZ software. They were optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Observations were done with a Leica MZ8 stereo-microscope. The distribution map was produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). For the transcription of the labels of the types, the wording on each single label is given verbatim placed within quotes, with supplementary information not on the label given in square brackets where appropriate. In the Results section, species are treated in alphabetical order. Geographical coordinates of the locations are given.

Diagnosis
Medium to large sized eurybrachid (LT = 22-33 mm). The genus can be identifi ed by the following combination of characters: -Eyes with a strong spine beneath, surpassing level of eye laterally and visible from above ( Fig. 16B, D).

Differential diagnosis
Among the Eurybrachini, the genus can be separated from

Etymology
'Purusha' is a sanskrit word, meaning, in Indian philosophy, 'spirit', 'person', 'self' or 'consciousness'. Distant (1906a), in his "Fauna of British India", erected the genus Purusha to accommodate one species, Eurybrachys reversa Hope, 1843, on the basis of Hope's (1843) illustration of the species (Fig. 18E). He did not formally describe the genus as no specimen was available to him at that moment. Later the same year (Distant 1906b), he described the genus together with a new species, P. rubromaculata Distant, 1906 andtransferred Messena paradoxa Gerstaecker, 1895 to Purusha. Schmidt (1908) (Gerstaecker, 1895): Gerstaecker (1895) described "Messena (?) paradoxa" from Java and stated that the species is clearly related to Eurybrachys reversa. The species was transferred to Purusha by Distant (1906b). 3. P. rubromaculata Distant, 1906: Distant (1906b described this species from Siam, Chantabun [= Chantaburi]. 4. P. pulverosa Distant, 1918: Distant (1918  HEAD. Narrower than thorax. Vertex 3.8-4.5 times as broad as long, concave and with anterior margin slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons 1.5-1.9 times as broad as long, slightly convex and with lateral angles well marked. Subocular spine strongly developed, surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above.

Historical review
THORAX. About 1.35-1.6 times as broad as length of pro-and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum and with obsolete median carina; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae.
TEGMINA. Ground colour: brown. Nearly fl at, elongate, about twice longer than broad (LTg/BTg = 1.9-2.3); slightly broadening from base to apex; apical margin obliquely rounded; dorsal and ventral sides often with white waxy markings, with markings more developed in females.
VENATION. Pc+CP obsolete; ScP+R and MP forking very close to base and densely forking, resulting in a dense reticulum of veins and veinlets; CuA forking near basal third of tegmen; clavus open; CuP and PCu+A1 not merging together and strongly forked before reaching sutural margin beyond apex of clavus.
European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1-40 (2020) HIND WINGS. Elongate with apical margin rouned. About as large as tegmina and with anterior and posterior margins nearly straight in males; slightly larger and with anterior and posterior margin broadly rounded in females. Anal area developed, often bearing waxy secretion. Venation very dense.
LEGS. Rather elongate. Pro-and meso-femora and tibiae dorso-ventrally fl attened, foliaceous; metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9-10 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11-13 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9-10/11-13/0. MALE GENITALIA (Figs 8,11,17,21). Symmetrical. Pygofer rather massive, slightly higher than long in lateral view, with posterior margin projecting posteriorly in a laminate process on dorsal half. Anal tube large, dorsoventrally fl attened, more or less oboval. Gonostyli elongate and strongly convex, bearing an apicodorsal process, often laminate and projecting megially, with several spines and a lateral hook at posterodorsal angle; ventral margin strongly emarginate, forming an opening leaving the aedeagus visible in ventral view. Phallobase robust, with lateral carinate process on each side, ventral, elongate, furcate process and pair of hooked, blunt processes slightly dorsally to furcate process. Aedeagus with apical elongate, often complicated upcurved processes and shorter, paired median portion. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2). Anal tube elongate, curved postero-ventrad, surpassing gonoplacs, v-shaped in cross section; gonoplacs large and unilobous; gonapophysis IX much smaller than gonoplacs; gonocoxae VIII well developed ventrally and pilose; anterior vagina placed ventrally and strongly smaller than posterior vagina; spermatheca attached ventrally; posterior vagina developed vertically and grooved; bursa copulatrix large, oval, attached dorsolaterally to and much larger than posterior vagina. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. Males are about 20% smaller than females, often with reduced waxy markings on the tegmina, and with brown area of posterior wings more extended.

Distribution
Oriental Region (Fig. 4): from Bangladesh to Vietnam through Myanmar, Thailand and Laos, and south to Malaysia, Sumatra and Java. The genus is not recorded from Cambodia or Borneo to date.

Biology
The few observed specimens were sitting on leaves of bushes in the understorey of tropical rainforest. Nothing is known of the host plants and development of any species of the genus.

Identifi cation key to the species of Purusha
Males (not included: P. bellissima sp. nov.) 1. Posterior wings entirely whitish, covered with wax, without markings ( Fig. 11A 3. Tegmina with large, oval, white waxy spot along costal margin and transverse white waxy band near base (Fig. 3A-B Female (Fig. 3) Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with a transverse white waxy band near base and a large, oval, white waxy spot along costal margin (but not reaching the latter at about mid-length) (Fig. 3A-B); (2) tegmina and posterior wings with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin ( Fig. 3A-C); (3) ground colour of posterior wings turning to pale brown on apical half (Fig. 3A, C).

Etymology
The specifi c name is derived from the Latin adjective 'bellissima', meaning 'most beautiful'. It refers to the colour and pattern of the tegmina and wings.

Material examined
Holotype (
Description THORAX ( Fig. 3A-B). Mesonotum pale brown with 4 slightly darker dots along posterior margin and scutellum brown. TEGMINA ( Fig. 3A-C). Brown, progressive ly more reddish towards base; reddish tint more visible ventrally; broad subbasal transverse band of white wax; at mid-length near costal margin, a larger oval spot covered in white wax and narrowly margined in black posteriorly; irregular marking of white wax ventrally corresponding to dorsal oval marking; numerous small spots of white wax on central portion of tegmina; on apical ⅓, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 2 anteriorly along costal margin to 7-8 in middle; costal and sutural margins subparallel; apical margin broadly rounded.
HIND WINGS (Fig. 3A, C). White basally turning to yellow-brown on distal half; distal half with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex; brown markings merging into irregular interrupted lines on distal 1/5; apical margin broadly rounded; postclaval margin with white waxy suffusions; inner part of cells semi-transluscent on basal white portion.

Biology
The species was collected in mountainous region, at 1200 m a.s.l. Fig. 4. Pu rusha spp., distribution map.

Female
Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with a conspicuous white waxy spot at half length, not touching the costal margin, and numerous minute, round, black spots on the membrane, arranged in 2-3 rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 5A, 7A); (2) posterior wings with numerous brown spots, sometimes merging together, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 5A, 7A); (3) head, pro-and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Figs 5C, 7C).

Etymology
The specifi c name is derived from the Latin adfjective 'paradoxa', meaning 'paradoxical'.

Material examined
Holotype (

Supplementary description
Male genitalia (Fig. 8) Pygofer with lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in a laminate process directed posterodorsally in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process narrowly rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin bisinuate in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer strongly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 8A-B). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, dorsoventrally fl attened; apical margin slightly emarginate in dorsal view; lateral margin bisinuate, very broadly rounded on distal half; anal column at basal ¼ (Fig. 8A, D). Gonostyli subrectangular in lateral view, with short apicoventral process rounded apically; dorsal margin with laminate process projecting medially and armed with one tooth at medioanterior angle, two teeth on posterior margin and one strong hook laterally; ventral margin deeply emarginate on distal ⅔, with mediobasal process projecting posteriorly, leaving large central opening in ventral view ( Fig. 8A-C). Phallobase robust, about as long as broad in dorsal view, with basolateral process directed posterolaterally and elongate, apical, spinose process ventrally on each side directed posterolaterally; slightly mediodorsally to spinose process, slightly shorter, apically blunt process directed posteriorly (Fig. 8E-F). Phallus with very complicated set of intricate processes: basal strong spine directed laterally; trispinose lateral process with basidorsal spine elongate and curved mediodorsally, posteroventral spine very elongate, sword shaped and curved dorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion, and apicodorsal spine incurving, sinuate, projecting mediodorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion; mediodorsally, pair of laterally compressed processes higher than long in lateral view and with lateral ridged process (Fig. 8E-F).

Distribution
Indonesia in the islands of Java and Sumatra (Fig. 4).

Diagnosis
Male Easily recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) tegmina with small brown lines arranged in concentric rows parallel to apical margin on membrane, more visible in ventral view if the tegmina are covered with white wax (Fig. 11A-B); (2) posterior wings whitish, without markings ( Fig. 11A-B); (3) anterior half of pronotum yellowish (Fig. 11C).

Female
Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina without conspicuous white waxy spot but most often strongly covered with white wax, and very faint brown small lines on the European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1-40 (2020) membrane, arranged in 2-3 rows parallel to apical margin, mostly visible on ventral side; (2) posterior wings without spots; (3) anterior half of pronotum yellowish.

Male
Easily separated from males of P. paradoxa, P. reversa and P. vietnamica sp. nov. by the characters given in diagnosis; from P. bellissima sp. nov., it will very probably be separated by posterior wings missing concentric rows of brown lines parallel to costal margin.

Etymology
The specifi c name is derived from the Latin adjective 'pulverosa', meaning 'dusty', and referring to the white waxy secretion covering the body and wings in this species.

Note
The location "Tintoe" in Laos was not found and is not recorded on Vitalis de Salvaza's (1919) entomological map. However, as Vitalis de Salvaza collected at Pak Noun on the Mekong River in today's Sayaboury Province in Nov. 1918 and at Ban Hou (Louangprabang Prov.) in Oct. 1918, it is

Supplementary description
Male genitalia (Fig. 12) Pygofer with dorsal half of lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in laminate process directed posteriorly in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process narrowly rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin slightly excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin straight in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer strongly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 12A-B). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, dorsoventrally fl attened; apical margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; lateral margin very broadly rounded on distal half, narrowing basally in dorsal view, bisinuate in lateral view, more strongly so near base; anal column at basal ¼ (Fig. 12A, D). Gonostyli elongate, slightly broadening towards apex in lateral view, with ribbon-like apicoventral process directed posteriorly; dorsal margin forming an incurved denticulate lamina at posterodorsal angle; lateral hook near posterodorsal angle; ventral margin strongly emarginate on distal half in ventral view, forming a broad opening, small rounded process directed posteriorly at base of emargination ( Fig. 12A-C). Phallobase robust, longer than broad in dorsal view, with horizontal lateral carina ended in a short posterior process directed posteriorly; ventrally, elongate, deeply furcate process curved ventrally, apices of furca pointed; dorsally to furcate process, pair of strong processes surpassing furcate process, curved ventrally on basal ⅔ and ending with blunt hook strongly curved dorsally (Fig. 12E-G). Phallus with two elongate, slightly swordshaped, incurved processes, ventral one shorter than dorsal one in lateral view; dorsal process more strongly curved medioanterodorsally than ventral one; mediodorsally, pair of large elongate processes with slightly excavate portion dorsally before apex (Fig. 12E-G).

Material examined
Holotype of Eurybrachys reversa (Fig. 13  The type locality for Eurybrachys reversa given by Hope (1843) is "Silhet" (= Sylhet in Bangladesh) and the one given for P. rubromaculata given by Distant (1906b), corresponding to "Chant." on the label, is Chantabun (= Chanthaburi, Thailand).  ;"1903-127";according to Brunetti (1923) and Woodley (2012), "B. B." would actually be situated in Pattani Province; code N° 293; BMNH.  (Fig. 17A-B). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, widest at about mid-length, dorsoventrally fl attened; apical margin slightly emarginate in dorsal view; lateral margin bisinuate, very broadly rounded on distal ⅓ in dorsal view; lateral margin strongly undulate in lateral view; anal column at basal ¼ (Fig. 17A, D). Gonostyli subrectangular in lateral view, with prominent apicodorsal process; apicodorsal process laminate, projecting medially and armed with one tooth at medioanterior angle, one tooth at medioposterior angle and one strong hook laterally, curved anteroventrally on apical portion; ventral margin emarginate on distal 4/5, leaving large, parallel-sided central opening in ventral view ( Fig. 17A-C). Phallobase robust, about as long as broad in dorsal view, with rather short, blunt basolateral process directed posterolaterally and elongate, apical, bifurcate process ventrally, sinuate in lateral view and directed postroventrally; dorsally to bifurcate process, slightly longer, apically blunt process directed posteriorly ( Fig. 17E-G). Phallus with very complicated set of intricate processes: basal strong spine directed laterally; trispinose lateral process with basidorsal spine elongate and directed dorsally, posteroventral spine elongate, about as long as basidorsal one, directed dorsally and slightly curved anteriorly on distal portion, and apicodorsal spine incurving, sinuate, projecting mediodorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion; mediodorsally, pair of laterally compressed processes about as high as long in lateral view and with lateral ridged process (Fig. 17E-G).

Biology
The species was observed sitting on leaves of plants and shrubs in southern Thailand (L. Day pers. com., 2015). When disturbed, the specimen showed a specifi c behaviour, lifting the wings at perpendicular angle (Fig. 18D).

Diagnosis
Male Easily separated from the males of P. paradoxa, P. pulverosa and P. reversa by the following combination of characters: (1) tegmina with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes on membrane, parallel to apical margin ( Fig. 19A-B); (2) posterior wings pale brownish white with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Fig. 19A-B); (3) head, pro-and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Fig. 19C).

Female
Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes on membrane, parallel to apical margin but without basal band of white wax and oval white waxy spot along costal margin; (2) posterior wings pale brownish white with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin; (3) head, pro-and mesonotum brown, concolorous.

Male
Easily separated from the males of P. paradoxa, P. pulverosa and P. reversa by the combination of characters (1)-(3) of diagnosis; it should be separated from P. bellissima sp. nov. by the examination of the aedeagus.

Etymology
The species epithet refers to the country from which the species originates, Vietnam.

Material examined
Holotype (

Description
Male (Fig. 19) HEAD (Fig. 19C, E). Dark reddish brown, slightly narrower than thorax. Vertex strongly transverse, concave and with anterior margin slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons broader than long, slightly convex and with lateral angles produced laterally. Subocular spine strongly developed, surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above. Antennae dark brown with scapus short and cylindrical and pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped. Clypeus elongate and narrow, slightly longer than frons. Labium brown, reaching metacoxae.  (Fig. 19C). Dark reddish brown with anterior half of pronotum slightly paler; broader than length of pro-and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum and with obsolete median carina; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae. TEGMINA (Fig. 19A-B). Reddish brown, with base and a transverse unclear band after mid length darker; apical 1/ 5 yellow brown, paler zone extending along costal, narrowing to basal ⅓; on apical 1/5, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 2 anteriorly along costal margin to 4 in middle; costal and sutural margins subparallel; apical margin broadly rounded.
HIND WINGS (Fig. 19A-B). Very pale yellowish brown, slightly darker towards distal portion; distal third with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex; apical margin broadly rounded. LEGS (Fig. 19A-B). All femora dark reddish brown; tibiae and tarsi black. Pro-and mesofemora dorsoventrally fl attened, widening from base to apex. Pro-and mesotibiae dorsoventrally fl attened, broader than corresponding femur and with apicolateral angle rounded; protibiae wider than mesotibiae. Metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9/11/0.

ABDOMEN. Yellow-brown.
Male genitalia (Fig. 21) Pygofer with dorsal half of lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in laminate process directed posteriorly and slightly ventrally in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin slightly sinuate in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer strongly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin strongly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 21A, D). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, dorsoventrally fl attened; apical margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins abruptly widening posteriorly to anal column and subparallel on median ⅓ in dorsal view, bisinuate in lateral view, more strongly so near base; anal column at basal ⅓ (Fig. 21A, C). Gonostyli elongate, subrectangular with dorsal and ventral margins sinuate in lateral view, with small subapical process on ventral margin directed posteriorly; dorsal margin sinuate in dorsal view, with rather small incurved lamina at posterodorsal angle, ending with tooth anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral hook near posterodorsal angle; ventral margin strongly emarginate on distal half in ventral view, forming a broad opening with mediobasal tooth directed posteriorly ( Fig. 21A-B, D). Phallobase longer than broad in dorsal view, with dorsal strong elongate pointed process directed posterodorsally, laterobasal laminate strongly upcurved processes and horizontal lateral carina ended in a short, posterior, apically narrowly rounded process directed posteriorly; ventrally, elongate, deeply furcate process slightly curved ventrally, apices of furca pointed; dorsally to furcate process, pair of processes surpassing furcate process, curved ventrally on basal ⅔ and ended with a blunt hook curved dorsally (Fig. 21E-F). Phallus with two elongate, subparallel, slightly sword-shaped distally, incurved processes, ventral one longer than dorsal one; dorsal process slightly more curved medioanterodorsally than ventral one; mediodorsally, pair of large elongate processes with excavate portion dorsally before apex (Fig. 21E-F).
Female (Fig. 20) HEAD (Fig. 20C-D). Dark reddish brown with clypeus darker, slightly narrower than thorax. Vertex strongly transverse, concave and with anterior margin very slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons broader than long, slightly convex and with lateral angles produced laterally. Subocular spine strongly developed, European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1-40 (2020) surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above. Antennae dark brown with scapus short and cylindrical and pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped. Clypeus elongate and narrow, slightly longer than frons. Labium brown, reaching metacoxae.  (2020) THORAX (Fig. 20C). Reddish brown with central portion of mesonotum darker; broader than length of pro-and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum, with obsolete median carina and weak transversal groove; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae. TEGMINA (Fig. 20A-B). Reddish brown with base and transverse unclear band after mid-length darker, densely covered in white waxy secretion dorsally; apical 1/5 yellow brown, paler zone extending along costal, narrowing to basal ⅓; on apical 1/ 5, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 1 anteriorly along costal margin to 5 in middle; costal and sutural margins weakly diverging towards 4/5; apical margin broadly rounded.
HIND WINGS (Fig. 20A-B). Very pale yellowish brown, slightly darker towards distal portion, covered in white waxy secretion; distal third with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in 5 irregular concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex, lines of 2 more distal rows narrower; apical margin broadly rounded. LEGS ( Fig. 20A-B). All femora reddish brown; pro-and metatibiae and all tarsi black-brown; mesotibiae reddish brown with lateral portion black-brown. Pro-and mesofemora dorsoventrally fl attened, widening from base to apex. Pro-and mesotibiae dorsoventrally fl attened, broader than corresponding femur and with apicolateral angle rounded; protibiae wider than mesotibiae. Metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9/11/0. ABDOMEN (Fig. 20A-B). Yellow-brown.

Biology
Unknown.

Discussion
The genus Purusha is one of the most conspicuous genera among the Eurybrachidae. Schmidt (1908) placed it in the tribe Eurybrachini of the Eurybrachinae and this view is followed here. Despite their large size and the large distribution of the genus in Southeast Asia, specimens of Purusha remain very scarce in the collections. Very little information on their natural history is available to date; their host plants, development, phenology etc. remain undocumented. The sexual dimorphism in the genus matches what is observed in the genus Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834 ( Fig. 1A-B , Chatterjee 1933), with the males much smaller showing brown hind wings while they are white in the larger females. The present work is the second contribution dedicated to a genus of Eurybrachini after the revision of Nicidus Stål, 1858 (Constant 2008). The three other genera of Eurybrachini still require revision but this work is impeded by the lack of material, especially males associated with females, the fact that most species were described from single female specimens and the sexual dimorphism that does not allow easy association of males and females of the same species.