Manzuma gen. nov., a new aelurilline genus of jumping spiders (Araneae,

. A new jumping spider genus, Manzuma gen. nov. (Salticidae Blackwall, 1841), is described, type species is Manzuma nigritibia (Caporiacco, 1941). Aelurillus reconditus Wesołowska & van Harten, 1994 is synonymized with Rafalus nigritibiis (Caporiacco, 1941). Four new combinations are proposed: M. jocquei gen. et comb. nov. (ex Aelurillus ), M. kenyaensis gen. et comb. nov. (ex Langelurillus ), M. lympha gen. et comb. nov. (ex Rafalus ) and M. nigritibia gen. et comb. nov. (ex Rafalus ). Three species, M. botswana gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀, Botswana and Republic of South Africa), M. petroae gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀, Republic of South Africa) and M. tanzanica gen. et sp. nov. (♂, Tanzania), are described. The male of M. kenyaensis gen. et comb. nov. and female of M. lympha gen. et comb. nov. are described for the first time. A new aelurilline synapomorphy is proposed. Identification key for males is provided.


Etymology
This genus is dedicated to my mother, Manzuma Mavlyut kyzy Azarkina. At the same time, 'manzuma' is an Islamic poetry genre from Ethiopia, the area of origin of the type species, Manzuma nigritibia gen. et comb. nov. Gender feminine.

Diagnosis
The body shape of the new genus is very similar to that of Aelurillus Simon, 1884. Manzuma differs from Aelurillus in the following characters: (1) base of the embolic division (ED) with an apical projection (Figs 52,55,arrowed,ApP), which is absent in Aelurillus (Fig. 8); (2) the terminal apophysis (TA) is membranous and broad, situated on both pro-and retrolateral sides of the embolus, curved inwards prolaterally , while in Aelurillus the TA is more sclerotized, and connected to embolus by a membrane only on the retrolateral side ( Fig. 9 and Azarkina & Zamani 2019: figs 5-11); (3) embolic tip wide, with a short apical membranous process (Figs 56,58), while in Aelurillus the embolus is pointed apically, without a membranous process (Figs 8-9); (4) epigynal wings are always absent, while in Aelurillus they are always present (see e.g. Azarkina 2002Azarkina , 2003Azarkina , 2009; (5) introductory parts of the insemination ducts are fused around the copulatory openings to form a small tube and then bifurcated (Figs 36,67,94,115,142,164,CD), while in Aelurillus copulatory openings are always separate, even if they lie in the same epigynal depression (Figs 1-3); (6) accessory glands are short, weakly sclerotized and in most cases seen only from an apical view (Figs 35,67,(113)(114)(115)(140)(141)164,AG), while in Aelurillus accessory glands are strongly sclerotized and in most cases visible from a dorsal view of the spermathecae (Figs 2-3, AG).
Clypeus. Medium to high, ranging between 50-83% of the AME diameter in males and 44-63% in females.
endites. Subparallel, of usual shape, with pale yellow to white apices; in males of all species with small retrolateral "cavity" (EnC) at the base of endites (Fig. 15), while in females this character is absent (Fig. 14).
legs. Subequal in length, with femora of legs III longer than others; female metatarsi I without retrolateral spines; in four species (M. jocquei, M. kenyaensis, M. nigritibia and M. petroae gen. et sp. nov.) femora I of male with long white or yellow-white hairs prolaterally; tarsal claws narrow, on legs I-II of male with 7-8 teeth prolaterally and 4-5 retrolaterally , on legs I-II of female with 1 or 3-4 small teeth pro-and retrolaterally. Leg formula: III/IV/II/I or III/IV/I/II in both sexes.
Female palp. General form, without an apical claw. male palp. Femora of usual form, densely covered with long white hairs; tibia short, with ventral short membranous apophysis (Fig. 13, arrowed) and a well-developed sclerotized ventral apophysis and bulgelike dorsal apophysis (Figs 12,28,61,84,108,132,155,189), in M. kenyaensis gen. et comb. nov. with dorsal bulge (Fig. 84). Cymbium oval, without apical claw; cymbial apex densely covered with short erect hairs and poorly-marked ventral groove. Basal haematodocha is well-developed BH) and subtegulum is simple, visible in an expanded palp only (Figs 21,54,ST). Tegulum is narrow and elongated, with small apical tegular projection (Fig. 20, TP), in M. lympha and M. nigritibia poorly visible. The distal haematodocha is well-developed (Figs 20-22, DH) and the salticid radix has a small and rounded proximal projection (Figs 22,52,54,PP). Sperm duct runs from the subtegulum, down to the tegulum, and around the salticid radix in a clockwise direction to the ED (Figs 20-22, SD). The embolic division consists of the embolus with a large embolic base bearing an apical projection (Figs 20,52,(54)(55)ED,E and ApP) and a broad membranous paddle-shaped terminal apophysis curved inside, situated in both pro-and retrolateral sides of the embolus (Figs 56-59). Embolus slightly curved retrolaterally, apex broad, apically with a short membranous process . For an explanation of the male palpal composition see Logunov & Azarkina (2018). For an explanation of the embolic division and its complex origin see Logunov (1996b), Azarkina (2002) and Azarkina & Zamani (2019); in the latter paper EO refers to the ED in this paper.

Natural history
Like other members of the Aelurillina (Prószyński 2017;Logunov & Azarkina 2018), members of Manzuma gen. nov. are ground-dwellers, occurring in different biotopes with high insulation.

Remarks
Females of six Manzuma gen. nov. species show close similarity in coloration and great intraspecific variability in the structure of copulatory organs (90)(91)113,140,(161)(162)(163) (Figs 42,45,(49)(50)103,106). Females of M. jocquei, M. lympha and M. nigritibia are almost indistinguishable except that M. jocquei and M. lympha have the cephalic part of the carapace slightly narrower, than that of M. nigritibia. Females of M. kenyaensis are most distinguishable from other species in structure of spermathecae, they have very long introductory parts of the insemination ducts, almost two-three times longer compare to other species 93). For these reasons I was unable to produce a useable key to females.
Endites and labium yellow. Chelicerae brownish yellow. Clypeus and cheeks yellow, covered with long yellow-white hairs. Abdomen: dorsum brown, covered with yellowish-white hairs; venter yellow-grey. Book-lungs covers and spinnerets yellow. All legs and palps yellow. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 139-142: copulatory openings almost invisible; epigynal pocket low, central structure is ⅓ of epigynal height.

Discussion
To date, the genus Manzuma gen. nov. is the first and the only endemic genus of aelurillines described from the Afrotropical Region. Although only seven species are known, the genus is likely to contain more undescribed species from different African regions, and its current species richness is underestimated. Underestimation of aelurilline diversity is not isolated to Manzuma gen. nov., but rather throughout aelurillines. There are undescribed endemic aelurilline genera from Africa awaiting description, with some of their species being mistakenly assigned to such genera as Aelurillus, Langona, Langelurillus and Phlegra (unpubl. data).
The currently-known world Aelurillina fauna contains 291 species in ten genera, including the Manzuma gen. nov. The Afrotropical Region (sensu Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocqué 1997) includes 125 Aelurillina species in seven genera, which is almost 43 % of the world diversity of Aelurillina (Table 1). It is    ). Surprisingly, the most insect-rich subregion of Afrotropical Region, West Africa, contains only 21 aelurilline species (16.8 %). This could be explained by two reasons. First, the aelurillines are ground-dwellers that seem to prefer dry open biotopes with high insolation, whereas in West Africa the most common biotopes are humid tropical forest. The second and more probable reason could be insufficient knowledge of spider fauna of that subregion. The same holds true for Central Africa, with only one aelurilline species (0.8 %) being described from this region to date. Ten species are known from two or three subregions (Fig. 193). East and South Africa share five species (4.0 %), West and Central -two species (1.6 %). Central and East and Central and South Africa share one species each (0.8 %) (Fig. 201). One species (0.8 %) -Stenaelurilus hirsutus -is found in West, Central and East Africa. The most unusual distribution is known for Stenaelurillus glaber, which is found in West and East Africa (Table 1).
Five Aelurillina genera -Aelurillus, Asianellus, Manzuma gen. nov., Proszynskiana and Stenaelurillus -have recently been revised or described. The genera Langelurillus, Langona, Phlegra and Rafalus are in need of a taxonomic revision. The taxonomic problem of the genus Phanuelus and Asian members of Langleurillus is in need of special attention in the future (see also discussion in Logunov & Azarkina 2018).