The genus Anomalon Panzer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) of Iran, with description of a new species

. The Iranian species of the genus Anomalon Panzer, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) are reviewed. Four species, Anomalon amseli (Hedwig, 1961), A. chinense (Kokujev, 1915), A. cruentatum (Geo ﬀ roy, 1785) and A. narinae Zardouei & Rakhshani sp. nov., are found to occur in Iran. The female of A. amseli is described for the ﬁ rst time. Anomalon chinense is a new record for Iran. A key to the known Anomalon species of Iran is provided.

Up to now, our knowledge on the genus Anomalon in Iran was limited to records of two species, A. amseli (Hedwig, 1961) and A. cruentatum (Geoff roy, 1785) (Masnadi-Yazdinejad & Jussila 2009;Zarepour et al. 2009;Barahoei et al. 2012Barahoei et al. , 2014Barahoei et al. , 2015;;Hooshyar et al. 2014).Iran is the second largest country after Saudi Arabia in the Middle East (Abrahamian 1979), which includes a variety of habitats within the wide range of altitudinal zonation (-28 m to 5600 m above mean sea level), climate types (humid to arid) and temperatures (from -35°C to 70°C), which have led to a high level of biodiversity (Hedge & Wendelbo 1978).Despite the recent faunistic and taxonomic works on Iranian Ichneumonidae (Shirzadegan et al. 2018;Riedel et al. 2018Riedel et al. , 2019aRiedel et al. , 2019b;;Zardouei Heydari et al. 2019), many parts of the country remains unexplored or poorly studied.This paper is devoted to a taxonomic review of the genus Anomalon in various regions of the country, mainly in the western and eastern areas, to partly fi ll the gap in our knowledge about occurrence of this genus within these poorly explored areas.

Material and methods
The specimens of Anomalon examined in this study were collected from 2012 to 2016 in various regions of Iran using Malaise Traps, sweep nets and pan traps The sampling localities are situated in the South East (Kerman, Sistan-o Baluchestan), North East (Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan), East (South Khorasan), Central (Isfahan) and Western (Kermanshah) Provinces of Iran (Fig. 1).Various habitats including agroecosystems, forests and orchards were selected for sampling.The collected specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and subsequently treated according to the AXA method (van Achterberg 2009).The dried specimens were point mounted on triangular card and labeled.The external morphology of specimens was studied under a Nikon ® SZM645 stereo microscope.Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer mounted on the stereo microscope.Specimens were identifi ed using the keys compiled by Atanasov (1981), Gauld (1978Gauld ( , 1980)), Gauld & Mitchell (1977) and Schnee (2014).Morphological terminology follows Townes (1969) and sculpture terminology follows Harris (1979).Nomenclature systems of Goulet & Huber (1993) and Gauld (1991) were used for wing veins and wing cells, respectively.Images of the specimens were taken with a digital camera Canon ® EOS 700D mounted on a Hund ® Wetzlar stereo microscope and processed by Zerene Stacker ver.1.04 and Adobe ® Photoshop CS5.The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the collection of the Department of Plant Protection, University of Zabol, Iran (DPPZ).General distribution of species follows Yu et al. (2016) and is categorized according to the biogeographical zonation proposed by Holzenthal et al. (2015).The distribution map of species of Anomalon in Iran was generated using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010) (Fig. 1).

Diagnosis
The species of Anomalon can easily be recognized from other Anomaloninae by the combination of the following morphological features: notaulus indistinct, represented by a rugose area; fore wing with r-m joining 2/M distal to 2m-cu; hind wing with distal abscissa of 2/Cu entirely absent; epipleurum of third metasomal tergite separated by a crease just below the spiracle; mid tibia with a single apical spur.

H
. Antenna with 18 fl agellomeres.Occipital carina dorsomedially narrowly interrupted, its lower part not sinuate and reaching base of mandible.Ocelli very small, diameter of lateral ocellus shorter than distance between lateral ocellus and margin of eye (Fig. 2A).Frons slightly concave, smooth and polished, without median vertical ridge.Clypeus weakly and very sparsely punctate, its width 3.0 × its height, its apical margin rounded and with a pair of distinct lateromedian teeth, quite distant from each other.Inner eye orbits weakly convergent ventrally.Malar space about 0.3 × basal mandibular width.Upper tooth of mandible longer than lower tooth.Face elongate, distance between eyes across clypeal fovea about 1.7 × as wide as its length from antennal insertion to median apex of clypeal margin (Fig. 2B).Temple wide, not constricted behind eyes, about 0.9 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 2C).

M
. First tergite 0.8 × as long as second tergite.Second tergite 1.6 × as long as third tergite.Sclerotized part of fi rst sternite extending to the posterior third of the segment.Postpetiole very weakly convex.Spiracle circular, very small.Ovipositor weakly up-curved, with distinct subapical notch.Ovipositor sheath about 1.6 × as long as hind tibia.

H
. Antenna with 22-24 fl agellomeres.Ocelli small, diameter of lateral ocellus shorter than distance between lateral ocellus and margin of the eye (Fig. 4A).Frons not rugose, with distinct median vertical ridge, long transverse striae beside median vertical ridge.Clypeus width 2.0 × its height, with a pair of rather small lateromedian apical teeth that are very close together.Inner eye orbits convergent ventrally.Lower part of face not elongate, width between eyes across clypeal suture about 1.2 × length from antennal insertion to median apex of clypeal margin (Fig. 4B).Temple not swollen in middle, constricted behind eyes, about 0.53 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 4C).

M
. First tergite 0.9 × as long as second tergite.Second tergite 1.3 × as long as third tergite.Sclerotized part of fi rst sternite extending to posterior third of segment.Postpetiole convex.Spiracle circular, small.Ovipositor weakly down-curved, with distinct subapical notch.Ovipositor sheath about 1.1 × as long as hind tibia.

Distribution in Iran
Kermanshah Province (present study).

H
. Antenna with 23-27 fl agellomeres.Ocelli small, diameter of lateral ocellus shorter than distance between lateral ocellus and margin of the eye (Fig. 6A).Frons rugose with distinct median vertical ridge, with transverse striae beside vertical ridge.Clypeus width 1.6 × its height, without pair of lateromedian apical teeth.Inner eye orbits convergent ventrally.Lower part of face not elongate, width between eyes across clypeal suture about 1.3 × length from antennal insertion to apex of clypeal margin medially (Fig. 6B).Temple weakly swollen in middle, constricted behind eyes, about 0.66 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 6C).

M
. First tergite 0.9 × as long as second tergite.Second tergite 1.4 × as long as third tergite.Sclerotized part of fi rst sternite extending to posterior third of segment.Postpetiole convex.Spiracle circular, small.Ovipositor weakly down-curved, with distinct subapical notch.Ovipositor sheath about 1.2 × as long as hind tibia.

Variation
Mesosoma mainly black or brown with large black spot on the middle of mesopleuron.

General distribution
Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions.

Diagnosis
This species is morphologically similar to Anomalon chinense, but is distinguished by the following characters: 1) the diameter of the lateral ocellus is equal to the distance between the lateral ocellus and the margin of the eye in A. narinae sp.nov.(about 0.8 × in A. chinense); 2) the mesopleuron is rugose and densely setose in A. narinae sp.nov.(punctate, with very sparse setae in A. chinense); 3) fore wing r-rs vein in A. chinense is weakly curved near the pterostigma, while it is strongly curved in A. chinense; 4) the ovipositor sheath is 0.8 × as long as the hind tibia in A. narinae sp.nov.(1.1 × in A. chinense).

Etymology
The species is named after the niece of the fi rst author, Narin Zardouei.

H
. Antenna with 22-24 fl agellomeres.Occipital carina widely interrupted dorsomedially, its lower part not sinuate, reaching near base of mandible.Ocelli large, diameter of lateral ocellus equal to the distance between lateral ocellus and margin of eye (Fig. 8A).Frons slightly concave, fi nely punctate, with distinct median vertical ridge, with transverse striae beside median vertical ridge on lower part.Clypeus weakly and very sparsely punctate, its length 2.2 × its width, its apical margin rounded, with a pair of small lateromedian teeth very close to each other.Inner eye orbits convergent ventrally.Malar space about 0.4 × as long as basal mandibular width.Upper tooth of mandible distinctly longer than lower tooth.Face not elongate, width between eyes across clypeal suture about 1.2 × length from antennal insertion to apex of clypeal margin medially (Fig. 8B).Temple strongly constricted behind eyes, about 0.45 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 8C).

M
. Pronotum striate in lower part, with large smooth and impunctate area just behind epomia (Fig. 8D).Epomia strong, its upper end reaching dorsal pronotal margin.Mesopleuron densely rugose.Epicnemial carina almost reaching mid-height of frontal margin of mesopleuron, and at level of sternaulus not broken (without branch to lower posterior corner of pronotum).Speculum polished.Metapleuron densely rugose.Mesoscutum on median lobe rugose posteriorly, median lobe anteriorly and lateral lobe punctate.Scutellum rugose (Fig. 8E).Propodeum reticulate-rugose (Fig. 8F).Fore wing with r-rs very weakly curved near pterostigma.Vein 1cu-a interstitial.Vein 2/M 1.3 × as long as r-m.Marginal cell about twice as long as its distance from end of wing (Fig. 9A).Propodeal spiracle elongate, 2.8 × as long as wide.

M
. First tergite about 4.0 × as long as apical width and 0.5 × as long as second tergite.Second tergite 5.0 × as long as apical width and 3.0 × as long as third tergite.Sclerotized part of fi rst sternite extending to posterior third of segment.Postpetiole weakly convex, located at posterior 0.4 of fi rst tergite.Spiracle circular, very small.Third tergite 3.0 × as long as apical width.Remaining tergites compressed.Ovipositor sheath about 0.8 × as long as hind tibia.Anomalon chinense is a newly recorded species for the fauna of Iran.It was known from a few countries in the Eastern, Southern and Western Palaearctic regions.We found this species in the western parts of Iran, but it is most probably distributed in the northeastern areas as well, near to Turkmenistan.Anomalon narinae sp.nov. is described from specimens collected from a moderately wide area in southeastern Iran (Kerman and Sistan-o Baluchestan Provinces).Including the results of this research, the number of Anomalon species recorded from Iran increased to four, which represents about 31% of the known species of Anomaloninae for Iran.Considering the nature of sampling methods, no evidence of host associations was discovered.Indeed, there is no host record for species of Anomalon in Iran.
In conclusion, this survey represents the most detailed one of Anomalon in Iran.Considering the very diverse fauna and fl ora in Iran (Hedge & Wendelbo 1978), more undiscovered species of Anomalon are expected to occur in various regions of the country.Further studies, both on their host-parasitoid relationships and their role in natural biological control of their hosts, are also necessary.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Distribution map of the known species of Anomalon Panzer, 1804 in Iran.