Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species
Abstract
During a survey of the moss-inhabiting diatom flora of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island, located in the southern Pacific Ocean, several unknown centric diatoms were observed that could not be identified using the currently available literature. Detailed light and scanning electron microscopical observations and comparisons with the characters of several species of Melosira, Angusticopula, Ferocia and Arcanodiscus worldwide indicated that five of them should be described as new to science: Angusticopula cosmica Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., Arcanodiscus crawfordianus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., A. indistinctus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov., A. saundersianus Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and Ferocia houkiana Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. A sixth species, Angusticopula chilensis, was illustrated for the first time using SEM and as a result is considered to differ sufficiently from A. dickiei to warrant epitypification as A. chilensis. The new species were first described in genera that formerly were included within the genus Melosira. All six species are morphologically characterized and compared with similar species within their respective genera. Their presence and distribution on Campbell Island are discussed based on the observations made in the available samples.
References
Bunt J.S. 1954. A comparative account of the terrestrial diatoms of Macquarie island. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales LXXIX: 34–57.
Chown S.L., Gremmen N.J.M. & Gaston K.J. 1998. Ecological biogeography of Southern Ocean Islands: Species-area relationships, human impacts, and conservation. The American Naturalis 152 (4): 562–575. https://doi.org/10.1086/286190
Crawford R.M. 1988. A reconsideration of Melosira arenaria and M. teres resulting in a proposed new genus Ellerbeckia. In: Round F.E. (eds) Algae and the Aquatic Environment: 413–433. Biopress, Bristol.
Cremer H., De Haan M. & Van de Vijver B. 2011. Cavernosa kapitiana (Bacillariophyceae): morphology of the different life cycle stages. New Zealand Journal of Botany 49: 443–459.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2011.580767
Evans A.J. 1970. Some aspects of the ecology of a calenoid copepod Pseudoboeckella brevicaudata Brady 1875, on a subantarctic island. ANARE Scientific Reports, series B1, Zoology. Department of Supply, Antarctic Division, Melbourne.
Guerrero J.M., Vouilloud A.A., Sala S.E., Kociolek J.P. & Van de Vijver B. 2018. New species and a new genus of the Orthoseirales from Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on systematic affinities within the Order. Phytotaxa 345: 119–132. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.2.3
Heiberg P.A.C. 1863. Conspectus criticus diatomacearum danicarum. Kritisk oversigt over de danske Diatomeer. Wilhelm Priors Forlag, Kjøbenhavn.
Hickmann M. & Vitt D.H. 1973. The aerial epiphytic flora of moss species from Subantarctic Campbell Island. Nova Hedwigia 24: 443–448.
Hodgson D.A., Vyverman W.G. & Tyler P.A. 1997. Diatoms of meromictic lakes adjacent to the Gordon River, and of the Gordon River estuary in south-west Tasmania. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 35: 1–172.
Houk V., Klee R. & Tanaka H. 2017. Atlas of freshwater centric diatoms with a brief key and descriptions. Second emended edition of Part I and II. Melosiraceae, Orthoseiraceae, Paraliaceae and Aulacoseiraceae. Fottea 17 (Supplement): 1–615.
John J. 2018. The Diatom Flora of Australia, Volume 2: Diatoms from Tasmania: Taxonomy and Biogeography. Koeltz Scientific Books, Schmitten-Overreifenberg.
Jones V.J. 1996. The diversity, distribution and ecology of diatoms from Antarctic inland waters. Biodiversity & Conservation 5: 1433–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051986
Keenan H. 1995. Modern and fossil terrestrial and freshwater habitats on subantarctic Macquarie Island. PhD thesis, Macquarie University, Sydney.
Kellogg T.B. & Kellogg D.E. 2002. Non-marine and littoral diatoms from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic locations. Distribution and updated taxonomy. Diatom Monographs 1: 1–795.
Kilroy C. 2007. Diatom communities in New Zealand subalpine mire pools: distribution, ecology and taxonomy of endemic and cosmopolitan taxa. PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Kützing F.T. 1844. Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen.
Maidana N.I., Morales E.A., Platt Bradbury J., Schäbitz F. & Houk V. 2017. A new order and family of diatoms: Arcanodiscales, Arcanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate Arcanodiscus platii gen. nov. et spec. nov. from the Argentinian Patagonia. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 146: 63–72.
https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/063
McBride T.P. 2009. Freshwater diatoms on sub-antarctic Macquarie Island: an ecological survey of 14 lakes. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 143: 73–82.
https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.143.2.73
McBride T.P. & Selkirk J.M. 1999. Palaeolake diatoms on subantarctic Macquarie Island: possible markers of climate change. In: John J. (ed.) Proceedings 15th International Diatom Symposium (Perth, Australia, 28 September-2 October 1998): 227–236. Gantner Verlag, Liechtenstein.
McBride T.P., Selkirk P.M. & Adamson D.A. 1999. Present and past diatom communities on subantarctic Macquarie Island. In: Mayama S., Idei M. & Koizumi I. (eds) Proceedings 14th International Diatom Symposium (Tokyo, Japan, 2–8 September 1996): 353–365. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.
Medlin L.K. & Kaczmarska I. 2004. Evolution of the diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43: 245–270.
https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-3-245.1
Oaquim A.B.J., Moser G.O.A., Evangelista H. & Van de Vijver B. 2017. Aulacoseira glubokoyensis, a new centric diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Maritime Antarctic region. Phytotaxa 328: 149–158. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.328.2.5
Round F.E., Crawford R.M. & Mann D.G. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Sabbe B., Vyverman W., Ector L., Wetzel C.E., John J., Hodgson D.A., Verleyen E. & Van de Vijver B. 2019. On the identity of Navicula gottlandica Grunow (Bacillariophyta), with the description of two new species Navicula eileencoxiana and Navicula bergstromiana from the Australo-Pacific region. Plant Ecology & Evolution 152 (2): 313–326. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1607
Saunders K.M., Hodgson D.A. & McMinn A. 2009. Quantitative relationships between benthic diatom assemblages and water chemistry in Macquarie Island lakes and their potential for reconstructing past environmental changes. Antarctic Science 21: 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102008001442
Saunders K.M., Hodgson D.A., McMurtrie S. & Grosjean M. 2015. A diatom-conductivity transfer function for reconstructing past changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the Southern Ocean. Journal of Quaternary Science 30: 464–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2788
Thwaites G.H.K. 1848. Further observations on the Diatomaceae with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 1: 161–172.
Turland N.J., Wiersema J.H., Barrie F.R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen P.S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T.W., McNeill J., Monro A.M., Prado J., Price M.J. & Smith G.F. (eds). 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile, 159: [i]–xxxviii, 1–253. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten.
https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Van de Vijver B. 2012. Aulacoseira principissa sp. nov., a new ‘centric’ diatom species from the sub-Antarctic region. Phytotaxa 52: 33–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.52.1.5
Van de Vijver B. 2019. Revision of the Psammothidium manguinii complex (Bacillariophyta) in the sub-Antarctic region with the description of four new taxa. Fottea 19: 90–106.
https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.001
Van de Vijver B. & Beyens L. 1999. Biogeography and ecology of freshwater diatoms in Subantarctica: a review. Journal of Biogeography 26: 993–1000. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00358.x
Van de Vijver B. & Crawford R.M. 2019. Melosira jeanbertrandiana, a new Melosira species (Bacillariophyceae) from the sub-Antarctic region. Botany Letters 167 (1): 50–56.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2019.1688677
Van de Vijver B. & Dessein S. 2018. Cyclotella deceusteriana, a new centric diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic region. Phytotaxa 333 (1): 108–116.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.8
Van de Vijver B. & Houk V. 2019. Two new centric diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic region. Phytotaxa 394: 50–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.2
Van de Vijver B. & McBride T.P. 2006. Gomphonema isabellae Van de Vijver sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species from sub-Antarctic lsland (southern Pacific Ocean). Diatom Research 21 (2): 441–449.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705681
Van de Vijver B., Ledeganck P. & Beyens L. 2001. Habitat preferences in freshwater diatom communities from subantarctic Iles Kerguelen. Antarctic Science 13: 28–36.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000050
Van de Vijver B., Frenot Y. & Beyens L. 2002. Freshwater diatoms from Ile de la Possession (Crozet archipelago, Subantarctica). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 46: 1–412.
Van de Vijver B., Gremmen N. & Smith V. 2008. Diatom communities from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands: diversity and distribution patterns. Polar Biology 31: 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0418-z
Van de Vijver B., Chattová B., Lebouvier M. & Houk V. 2017. Ferocia gen. nov., a new centric diatom genus (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic region. Phytotaxa 332: 22–30.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.1.2
Van de Vijver B., De Haan M. & Goeyers C. 2019a. Analysis of the type material of Navicula tenuis Krasske (Bacillariophyta) and its transfer to the genus Adlafia. Notulae algarum 115: 1–3.
Van de Vijver B., Wilfert S., Houk V. & John D.M. 2019b. Angusticopula rowlingiana, a new melosiroid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Ascension Island (South Atlantic Ocean). Phytotaxa 388 (2): 155–160.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.2.1
Van de Vijver B., Ballings P. & Goeyers C. 2020. Frankophila dalevittii, a new freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Campbell Island. Phytotaxa 429 (1): 57–64.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.1.4
Van der Werff A. 1955. A new method of concentrating and cleaning diatoms and other organisms. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 2: 276–277.
Van Heurck H. 1882. Synopsis des Diatomées de Belgique. Texte. Martin Brouwers & Co., Anvers.
Vitt D.H. 1974. A key and synopsis of the mosses of Campbell Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 12 (2):185–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1974.10428861
Vyverman W., Vyverman R. & Hodgson D.A. 1995. Diatoms from Tasmanian mountain lakes: a reference data-set (TASDIAT) for environmental reconstruction and a systematic and autecological study. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 33: 1–193.
Zidarova R., Kopalová K. & Van de Vijver B. 2016. Diatoms from the Antarctic region. Maritime Antarctica. Iconographia Diatomologica 24: 1–504.
Copyright (c) 2020 Charlotte Goeyers, Bart van de Vijver
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
