*SHOW ~ Character list.

*CHARACTER LIST
#1. <figure>/

#2. <synonymy>/

#3. <diagnosis>/

#4. <etymology>/

#5. <holotype>/

#6. <paratypes>/

#7. region/
       1. Hawaiian Islands/
       2. Marquesas Islands/
       3. Society Islands/
       4. Samoan Archipelago/
       5. Fiji/
       6. Vanuatu/
       7. Solomon Islands/
       8. New Guinea/
       9. New Zealand/
       10. Australia/
       11. Borneo/
       12. South and Southeast Asia/
       13. Northeast Asia/

#8. <island/state>/
       1. Hawai\lquote{}i/
       2. Maui/
       3. Moloka\lquote{}i/
       4. L\u257?na\lquote{}i/
       5. O\lquote{}ahu/
       6. Kaua\lquote{}i/
       7. Northwest Hawaiian Islands/
       8. Queensland/
       9. New South Wales/
       10. ACT/
       11. Victoria/
       12. Tasmania/
       13. South Australia/
       14. Western Australia/
       15. Northern Territory/
       16. Norfolk and Philip Islands/

#9. valid/
       1. yes/
       2. no <synonyms & no description>/
       3. possibly/

#10. clypeal process <shape>/
       1. triangular <straight-sided, acute to equilateral>/
       2. short, triangular <straight-sided, obtuse>/
       3. rounded triangular/
       4. semicircular/
       5. semi-elliptical/
       6. very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral
          portion of clypeus/
       7. spatulate, expanded beyond anterior margin of head/
       8. quadrate/
       9. bulbous, swollen apically and narrowed at base/
       10. elongate, parallel-sided/
       11. narrow, rostrate/
       12. trapezoidal/
       13. nearly semicircular, slightly constricted at the base/
       14. broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex/
       15. broad, elongate, rounded laterally/
       16. somewhat elongate, semicircular at the apex/
       17. short, broad, transverse, rounded laterally/
       18. elongate trapezoidal/
       19. with a deep U-shaped emargination medially, with a narrow elongate
          process on each side/
       20. elliptic, large and projecting well beyond closed mandibles, slightly
          constricted where it joins head/
       21. short, vertical, apical portion trapezoidal/

#11. <clypeus> apex <shape>/
       1. pointed/
       2. weakly pointed/
       3. rounded/
       4. broadly rounded/
       5. truncate/
       6. narrowly transverse/
       7. with nub at tip/
       8. narrowly emarginate, forming two rounded lobes/
       9. rounded, lateral lobes also produced/
       10. narrowly emarginate/

#12. <clypeus> dorsally <carina>/
       1. with thin, laminar carina, the sides strongly concave/
       2. with sharp carina <the sides slightly concave to slightly convex, more
          or less triangular in cross-section>/
       3. weakly carinate <may appear convex from some angles>/
       4. rounded, convex, lacking carina/
       5. flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally/
       6. with rounded carina, effaced towards apex/
       7. with rounded carina/
       8. with broad, rounded ridge/
       9. flat, with trace of a low carina basally/
       10. with low, rounded ridge/
       11. with distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above otherwise
          flat surface/
       12. flat, margins sharp/
       13. convex dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face/
       14. weakly carinate above, abruptly cut off apically/
       15. with narrow ridge, bifurcating into pair of low carinae beyond
          antennae/
       16. flat, margins dropping off vertically/
       17. with low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down
          towards mandibles/
       18. with low carina, prolonged posteriorly well beyond antennal sockets
          to about 1/3 eye height/
       19. flat, with trace of low carina/
       20. with low, elongate medial carina, laterally microreticulate with
          irregular carinae/
       21. flat with low carina dorsally, narrowing to sharp carina on anterior
          face/
       22. flat with low carina dorsally, narrowing to flat ridge on anterior
          face, antennal scrobes carinate/
       23. with narrow flat-topped ridge, becoming rounded toward apex/
       24. flat with faint median carina, bounded laterally by stronger carinae
          forming triangular enclosure/
       25. with pair of subparallel low carinae, bounding broad, shallow groove/
       26. broadly flat between antennae/

#13. <clypeus> in profile/
       1. strongly arched, vertical or slightly recurved at apex, carina
          extending above antennal sockets/
       2. evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute/
       3. weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex/
       4. evenly sloping, nearly straight/
       5. steep and short, evenly curved/
       6. very short, nearly straight/
       7. slightly sloping at base, apical portion horizontal/
       8. evenly curved generally, slightly crenulate in lateral view/
       9. nearly vertical distally, brow high and rounded/
       10. steep, recurved at apex/
       11. elongate, evenly curved, apex acute/
       12. straight, slightly upturned at apex/
       13. gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled
          back/
       14. steep and short on basal portion, distal processes somewhat undercut
          and concave/
       15. elongate, flat at base, evenly curved on apical half/

#14. mandible <width>/
       1. broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight
          <("chopper")>/
       2. broad, ventral margin slightly concave/
       3. moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base/
       4. moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex,
          ventral margin weakly concave/
       5. moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex,
          ventral margin concave/
       6. narrowed medially and strongly broadened at apex, hourglass-shaped,
          ventral margin strongly concave/
       7. moderately broad, constricted near base/
       8. moderately broad <and twisted>/
       9. moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base/
       10. moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral
          margin weakly concave/
       11. moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral
          margin distinctly concave/
       12. narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base/
       13. narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly
          concave/
       14. narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly
          concave/
       15. very narrow, including at base/
       16. strongly constricted near base, apical half expanded and club-like/
       17. broad <and twisted>/
       18. very thin, laminate, scissors-like/
       19. extremely broad, broadening toward apex, ventral margin straight/
       20. moderately broad, constricted just past articulation, gradually
          broadened towards apex/
       21. moderately broad at base, evenly tapering, slightly broadened on
          apical third/
       22. moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided but slightly broader
          medially than at base or apex/
       23. moderately narrow at base, distinctly broadened toward apex/
       24. moderately broad, basal half more or less parallel-sided beyond base,
          somewhat abruptly broadened ventrally just past bend, narrowing to
          apex/
       25. moderately broad, slightly narrowed just beyond base and broadened
          medially, apex slightly narrowed/
       26. moderately broad, distinctly narrowed just beyond base and broadened
          distally, apex slightly narrowed, broadest at apical 2/3/
       27. narrow, with ventral gibbosity near apex/

#15. <mandible twist/bend>/
       1. not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly/
       2. slightly twisted/
       3. strongly twisted/
       4. apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on
          frontal and dorsal surfaces/
       5. distinctly bent ventrad near base, crossing diagonally when closed/
       6. V-shaped in cross section, appearing strongly twisted, distinctly
          margined outwardly and reflexed ventrally/
       7. V-shaped in cross section, appearing fully twisted with dorsal plane
          parallel to long axis of head, distinctly margined outwardly and
          reflexed ventrally/
       8. slightly bent down and twisted/
       9. bent inwards and conspicuously concave externally just past base,
          apical half outwardly convex and slightly swollen/
       10. slightly bent down near middle/
       11. slightly twisted, outwardly slightly curved so that ventral tooth
          slightly behind second/
       12. slightly bent ventrad near base, apical half of mandible
          semicylindrical, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces/
       13. distinctly bent ventrad near middle, apical half strongly twisted/
       14. slightly twisted at apex, basal portion swollen and strongly convex
          outwardly/

#16. <mandible microsculpture>/
       1. outwardly polished, smooth, shining/
       2. outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture/
       3. outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull/
       4. outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull
          basally/
       5. outwardly polished and shining at base and apex, coriaceous medially/
       6. outwardly coriaceous in median concavity, polished at base, apex
          somewhat shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture/
       7. outwardly polished and shining near apex, remainder coriaceous/

#17. <mandible bend> in ventral view/
       1. evenly, moderately curved/
       2. weakly curved/
       3. obtusely elbowed/
       4. strongly elbowed/
       5. abruptly bent near base, distally straight/
       6. straight or nearly so/
       7. distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight/
       8. sinuate/

#18. <mandible thickness>/
       1. thinner in ventral view than breadth/
       2. stout, about as thick at the midpoint in ventral view as wide in
          lateral view/
       3. stout, thicker at midpoint than wide along most of length/

#19. apex of mandible/
       1. vertical/
       2. slightly oblique/
       3. strongly oblique/
       4. vertical, obliquely truncate subapically/

#20. <mandible teeth>/
       1. with equally strong teeth/
       2. with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally/
       3. with second ventral tooth largest/
       4. falcate, lacking subapical teeth/
       5. truncate, lacking teeth/
       6. with small, indistinct teeth/
       7. with a single large ventral tooth and a few small teeth on inner
          margin/
       8. with a very small ventral tooth, others large and more or less equal/
       9. apex irregularly crenulate, lacking teeth/
       10. with three ventral teeth, dorsal teeth effaced/
       11. with two small teeth ventrally, otherwise truncate/
       12. with a single large ventral tooth and a few small teeth on the inner
          margin, and a single preapical tooth on the ventral surface/
       13. with only three teeth, ventral tooth minutely notched apically/
       14. with second ventral tooth largest, ventral tooth partially concealed
          behind in frontal view/
       15. with three subequal apical teeth and one inwardly-directed ventral
          tooth/
       16. with dorsal tooth broad but short, on dorsal surface, indistinct,
          three ventral teeth pointed and equal/
       17. with three subequal apical teeth and one small preapical ventral
          tooth/
       18. with three subapical teeth, dorsal tooth represented by a short,
          broad, subapical projection on the dorsal margin/
       19. with ventral tooth largest, three dorsal teeth equal/
       20. with ventral tooth relatively large, second moderate, two dorsal
          teeth tiny/
       21. with two prominent apical teeth, ventral one larger/
       22. subfalcate, with a large ventral apical tooth and a smaller
          subapical/

#21. malar space <ratio>/
       1. almost absent/
       2. very small <less than 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible>/
       3. 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible/
       4. 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible/
       5. 1/2 as long as width of base of mandible/
       6. 2/3 as long as width of base of mandible/
       7. 4/5 as long as width of base of mandible/
       8. about as long as width of base of mandible/
       9. absent, eye slightly emarginate to receive mandible articulation/

#22. dorsal setae of head <ratio>/
       1. about twice as long as flagellar width or more/
       2. distinctly longer than flagellar width/
       3. about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer/
       4. shorter than flagellar width/
       5. very short on anterior half, longer than flagellar width posterior of
          middle of eyes/

#23. frons <punctation>/
       1. with shallow, uneven punctures, 1-3 pit widths apart/
       2. with distinct, uneven punctures, 1-3 pit widths apart/
       3. with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2-3 pit widths apart
          posterior of midpoint of eyes/
       4. with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2-3 pit widths
          apart or more in central frons/
       5. with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart/
       6. with distinct, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart/
       7. with shallow, close punctures, mostly less than 1 pit width apart/
       8. moderately punctate, about 2-3 pit widths apart/
       9. with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more/
       10. appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only
          visible at low angles)/
       11. with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of
          eyes, 1-3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly/
       12. punctation obscured by microsculpture/
       13. with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1-2 pit widths
          apart/
       14. with dense, deep punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes,
          less than 1 pit width apart, abruptly sparser posteriorly, 1-3 pit
          widths apart/

#24. vertex and gena setae/
       1. similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons/
       2. distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not
          particularly conspicuous/
       3. conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger,
          erect and directed anterior/
       4. with two on each side of vertex and gena long, black, and
          bristle-like/
       5. with two on each side of vertex and a row along the gena long, black,
          and bristle-like, the latter becoming shorter anteriorly/
       6. extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of
          frons/

#25. frons microsculpture/
       1. dull, granular/
       2. coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture/
       3. finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte/
       4. evident but smooth, shining/
       5. nearly absent, polished/
       6. microreticulate and dull between eyes and antennae, distinctly
          smoother between eyes and ocelli/
       7. microreticulate and extremely dull, velvety/
       8. evident but smooth, shining, coarsely reticulate and dull laterally
          between eyes and vertex/
       9. minutely colliculate between eyes, coriaceous posteriorly/
       10. coriaceous, with irregular longitudinal raised striae between eyes/
       11. minutely colliculate, appearing dull at low magnification but with
          each cellule shining/
       12. smoothly scutellate anteriorly, becoming colliculate from posterior
          third of eyes/
       13. minutely scutellate, cellules shining but separated by conspicuous
          margins/
       14. distinctly textured and coriaceous but rather strongly shining/
       15. minutely colliculate anterior of middle of eyes, finely
          microreticulate posteriorly/
       16. evident but smooth and shining, with an area of coarse tesselate
          sculpture posterior of each antennal fossa/

#26. vertex in dorsal view/
       1. more or less straight/
       2. very slightly concave/
       3. broadly, shallowly concave/
       4. broadly, deeply concave/
       5. slightly convex/
       6. with a shallow V-shaped emargination/
       7. slightly sinuate around ocellar triangle/
       8. broadly, shallowly concave, with a distinct protuberance between
          lateral ocelli/
       9. shallowly emarginate between ocelli, otherwise straight/

#27. <vertex> corners/
       1. broadly rounded/
       2. somewhat squared/
       3. strongly rounded off/
       4. strongly angulate/

#28. occipital margin <shape>/
       1. broadly rounded/
       2. narrowly rounded/
       3. not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge/
       4. carinate/
       5. absent, back of head evenly rounded in lateral view/
       6. sharply carinate, margin slightly reflexed upward/
       7. narrowly carinate behind ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally/

#29. lateral ocelli <position>/
       1. nearly touching vertex crest/
       2. distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length/
       3. separated from vertex crest by about their own length/
       4. separated from vertex crest by greater than their length/
       5. separated from vertex crest by greater than length of ocellar
          triangle/

#30. ocellar triangle anterior angle <new>/
       1. very strongly acute <distinctly longer than equilateral>/
       2. strongly acute <approximately equilateral>/
       3. weakly acute/
       4. right/
       5. weakly obtuse/
       6. strongly obtuse/

#31. head <behind eyes>/
       1. more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes/
       2. rounded shortly posterior to eyes/
       3. broadening posterior to eyes/
       4. narrowed posterior to eyes/

#32. eye setae/
       1. short, only about as long as 1-2 ommatidia/
       2. conspicuous, about as long as 3-4 ommatidia/
       3. moderate, about as long as 2-3 ommatidia/
       4. absent/

#33. dorsum of head in lateral view <shape>/
       1. slightly convex/
       2. strongly convex/
       3. nearly flat posterior to middle of eyes/
       4. nearly flat/
       5. slightly concave between eyes and ocelli/
       6. nearly flat, convex around ocellar triangle/

#34. head deepest/
       1. on line through posterior margin of eye/
       2. on line through eye/
       3. on line through just posterior of eye/
       4. on line well posterior of eye/

#35. venter of head posterior to mandible/
       1. convex in lateral view/
       2. flat in lateral view/
       3. concave in lateral view/
       4. very strongly concave in lateral view/

#36. <venter of head posterior to mandible pubescence>/
       1. with relatively sparse setae/
       2. with moderately dense pubescence <conspicuous but not obscuring the
          cuticle in reflected light>/
       3. with dense, downy pubescence, conspicuous in lateral view and
          extending past the genal angle <obscuring the cuticle when seen in
          oblique view with reflected light>/
       4. nearly glabrous/
       5. with moderate pubescence in a triangle narrowing posteriorly from the
          mouthparts/
       6. completely covered with short, dense setae/
       7. covered with dense pubescence, with longer setae along posterior
          margin/
       8. with mostly moderately sparse setae, extending more densely to
          postgenal depression in a narrow strip/

#37. <genal angle>/
       1. genal angle broadly rounded/
       2. head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent/
       3. head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent/
       4. head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent/
       5. head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent/
       6. genal angle prominent, apex rounded, head distinctly triangular in
          lateral view/
       7. genal angle present posteriorly, not prominent, head relatively flat/
       8. genal angle broadly rounded, posterior side long so that apex closer
          to mandibles/
       9. genal angle prominent, pointing slightly anteriorly/

#38. side of head posterior to eye/
       1. convex/
       2. with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from
          posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different
          from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally/
       3. with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral
          margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother
          sculpting dorsally and ventrally/
       4. with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral
          margin of eye halfway to vertex crest, distinctly different from
          smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally/
       5. distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate
          microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex
          crest/
       6. flat, with a broad area of distinct tesselate microsculpture extending
          to vertex crest/
       7. convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to
          vertex crest/
       8. distinctly angulate/

#39. gena ventral to eye <shape>/
       1. convex/
       2. concave/
       3. flat/
       4. concave, ventral margin distinctly reflexed and carinate/

#40. <gena> sculpture/
       1. similar to dorsum of head/
       2. coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of
          tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from
          anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       3. weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band
          of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side
          from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       4. weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with
          broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally
          from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       5. smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate
          ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture
          extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral
          margin of head/
       6. smooth and polished posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad
          band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from
          anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       7. smooth and polished ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of
          tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior
          margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       8. smooth and polished posterolaterally, reticulate ventrally and along
          posterior eye margin/
       9. shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with
          narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally
          from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       10. coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of
          tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior
          margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head/
       11. mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye
          margin/
       12. coarse, minutely areolate/
       13. smooth, venter of head granular/
       14. smooth posterior of eye, ventrally with colliculate-coriaceous
          sculpture/
       15. weakly microreticulate posterior of eye, ventrally with
          colliculate-coriaceous sculpture/
       16. evenly coriaceous/
       17. evenly, weakly microreticulate/
       18. entirely smooth and polished/
       19. mostly smooth and polished, small area of fine microreticulation
          extending posteriorly from anteroventral eye margin/

#41. postgenal depression <depth and shape>/
       1. absent/
       2. very shallow, nearly absent/
       3. shallow, rounded/
       4. deep, distinct, V-shaped/
       5. deep, distinct, broad/
       6. narrow but distinct, V-shaped/
       7. broad, shallow, V-shaped/

#42. antenna <extending to thoracic segment>/
       1. extending to pronotum/
       2. extending to anterior margin of pronotum/
       3. extending to posterior margin of pronotum/
       4. extending to mesoscutum/
       5. short, scarcely extending beyond head/
       6. very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head/
       7. extending to scutellum/

#43. <thorax depth>/
       1. strongly dorsoventrally compressed <length/depth less than 0.33>/
       2. normal, length/depth 0.33-0.50/
       3. extremely strongly dorsoventrally compressed <length/depth less than
          0.20>/

#44. anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view/
       1. evenly rounded/
       2. weakly angulate/
       3. strongly angulate/
       4. strongly angulate; anterior face of pronotum strongly concave to
          receive head, dorsum slightly concave/
       5. almost evenly sloping, weakly curved/
       6. flat/

#45. pronotal disc <in lateral view>/
       1. slightly convex/
       2. distinctly flattened/
       3. distinctly convex/
       4. slightly concave/

#46. pronotal setae <length>/
       1. elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more/
       2. longer than flagellar width/
       3. about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer/
       4. short, inconspicuous/

#47. posterior margin of pronotum/
       1. distinctly sinuate, pronotum longer at the midline than just laterad/
       2. more or less straight (weakly sinuate on close inspection)/
       3. concave, pronotum shortest at the midline/

#48. <thoracic punctation>/
       1. punctation similar to head/
       2. punctation sparser and less distinct than on head/
       3. appearing nearly impunctate/
       4. pronotal punctation similar to head, mesonotum and scutellum nearly
          impunctate medially, with a few punctures laterally/
       5. punctation denser but less conspicuous than on head/
       6. punctation denser than on head/
       7. closely punctate and rugulose on anterior and lateral margins,
          smoothly microreticulate and sparsely punctate on the disc/
       8. punctation and microsculpture stronger than on head/
       9. punctation more distinct than on head, microsculpture smoother/

#49. parapsidal furrows/
       1. nearly complete/
       2. absent/
       3. weak, indistinct/

#50. ventral prothorax/
       1. moderately setose/
       2. sparsely setose/
       3. tomentose with conspicuous silvery hairs/
       4. with dense yellowish setae/
       5. nearly glabrous/

#51. prosternum/
       1. about 1.2-1.5 times as wide as long/
       2. short, about 1.8-2.0 times as wide as long/
       3. about as wide as long/

#52. <prosternal> pit/
       1. circular/
       2. elongate/
       3. absent/
       4. circular, very shallow/
       5. developed into a groove bisecting plate/
       6. round, large/
       7. large and triangular, very shallow/

#53. propodeal disc laterally <sculpturing>/
       1. shining, with weak microsculpture/
       2. finely, weakly striate/
       3. coarsely striate/
       4. coarsely rugulose/
       5. with granulate sculpture/
       6. with weak microsculpture near margins, medial disc broadly polished
          and shining without a trace of microsculpture or carinae/

#54. median carina <of propodeum>/
       1. absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated/
       2. absent/
       3. faintly present/
       4. distinct/
       5. absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to
          declivity/
       6. absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base
          to declivity/
       7. absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending
          about 1/3 distance from base to declivity/
       8. absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending
          about 1/2 distance from base to declivity/
       9. absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area on posterior
          2/3, broadest posteriorly/
       10. distinct posteriorly, with a median triangular polished area covering
          anterior 1/3/
       11. absent but with a very narrow, slightly raised, polished median line/
       12. absent, with median anterior and posterior triangular polished areas
          narrowly connected/
       13. distinct posteriorly, with a median triangular raised, finely
          reticulate area covering anterior 1/3/

#55. transverse carina <of propodeum>/
       1. absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded/
       2. faintly present, curving on each side/
       3. faintly present/
       4. distinct, complete/
       5. strong, raised/
       6. present laterally, obsolete medially/
       7. faintly present laterally, obsolete medially/

#56. metapleural carinae <of propodeum>/
       1. complete/
       2. present posteriorly, fading anteriorly/
       3. nearly absent, visible only beyond propodeal declivity/

#57. profemur <width>/
       1. strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide/
       2. robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally/
       3. only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide/
       4. narrow, over 2.5 times as long as wide/

#58. <front femur compression>/
       1. strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view/
       2. with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly
          compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view/

#59. <abdomen>/
       1. highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture/
       2. shining, with faint microsculpture laterally <mainly on apical
          tergites>/
       3. shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga/
       4. shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga/
       5. punctate and coriaceous, with distinct microreticulation/
       6. punctate/
       7. shining, apical tergites punctate laterally/
       8. shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga,
          apical tergites punctate laterally/
       9. shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint
          microreticulation/
       10. moderately shining with distinct microreticulation over all terga,
          T4\endash{}6 punctate and conspicuously setose/
       11. mostly shining and polished, T3\endash{}5 with paired submedian basal
          patches of faint microsculpture/
       12. entirely coriaceous, both terga and sterna microreticulate/
       13. shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4\endash{}6 punctate
          with moderately long setae/
       14. shining with faint microsculpture laterally, T4\endash{}6 with faint
          microsculpture dorsally/

#60. <metasomal sterna>/
       1. S2\endash{}5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae/
       2. all sterna and ventral portions of terga almost entirely
          microreticulate/
       3. S2 broadly setose all over, S3\endash{}5 each with a conspicuous
          apical band of setae/
       4. S3\endash{}5 each with a pair of long erect black setae near posterior
          margin/
       5. S3\endash{}5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair
          much longer than others/
       6. S3\endash{}5 each with an apical band of setae/
       7. S2 with a dense apical band of setae, sparser on following segments/
       8. S4\endash{}6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on
          S6 twice as long as others/
       9. S4\endash{}6 each with a pair of long erect setae/
       10. S3\endash{}5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae/
       11. S3\endash{}6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only
          about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band/
       12. S3\endash{}6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on
          S5\endash{}6 about twice as long as preceding/
       13. S3\endash{}6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively
          longer on apical segments/
       14. S2\endash{}5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few
          additional erect setae/
       15. S2\endash{}5 with very short apical setae/
       16. S5 with a pair of long erect setae/
       17. S2\endash{}5 each with a somewhat dense apical row of short setae/
       18. S5\endash{}6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae/

#61. Sixth sternum <setation>/
       1. glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally/
       2. narrowly glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae/
       3. broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally/
       4. evenly pilose, with dense short erect setae/
       5. with scattered moderately long setae, slightly shorter than those of
          5th sternum/
       6. evenly covered with short, anteriorly-directed setae/
       7. narrowly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally,
          becoming longer laterad/
       8. nearly glabrous/
       9. glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae/
       10. covered with a mix of long and short setae/
       11. broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally/
       12. broadly glabrous medially, laterally with somewhat elongate, very
          dense pilose setae/
       13. glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally/
       14. narrowly glabrous medially, with short, moderately dense setae
          laterally/

#62. general color/
       1. entirely dark brown to black <except possibly mandibles or clypeus>/
       2. prothorax pale brown to yellow, body otherwise dark brown to black/
       3. with more extensive brown to yellow coloration on the head, mesosoma,
          and/or metasoma/

#63. <color>/
       1. body entirely dark brown to black/
       2. body entirely dark brown to black, clypeus orange to yellow/
       3. body entirely brown/
       4. head black except clypeus yellow/
       5. head black/
       6. head yellow except for black spots around ocelli/
       7. head brown, yellow anterior of eyes and on posterior corners of
          vertex/
       8. prothorax yellow, body otherwise dark brown to black/
       9. pronotum yellow, body otherwise dark brown to black/
       10. yellow, propodeum slightly darkened/
       11. body black except first and last segments of metasoma tinged with
          orange-brown/
       12. body predominantly brown/
       13. prothorax yellow, head and propodeum dark brown, mesothorax and
          metasoma medium to dark brown/
       14. body entirely dark brown to black, apex of clypeus and posterior
          corners of pronotum with orange to yellow spots/
       15. prothorax and basal metasoma yellow, head and posterior mesosoma and
          metasoma brown/
       16. predominantly yellow to testaceous, propodeum always dark and
          metasomal terga banded with brown apically, head and mesosoma often
          mottled with brown, especially laterally/
       17. body dark brown to black, with a pale spot on propodeum/
       18. head entirely yellow ventrally and dorsally anterior of middle of
          eyes, body otherwise dark brown to black/
       19. head and mesosoma black/
       20. predominantly black/
       21. pronotum orange-brown, body otherwise dark brown to black/

#64. <body color>/
       1. pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum yellow-brown, metanotum, propodeum,
          and metasoma dark brown to black, pleura variable/
       2. pronotum brown, rest of body black/
       3. body predominantly yellow, metanotum, propodeum, and metasoma variably
          brown/
       4. pronotum and mesonotum yellow dorsally, metasoma orange-brown/
       5. prothorax yellow-brown, remainder of mesosoma dark brown to black,
          metasoma brown/
       6. prothorax, mesonotum, and metasoma yellow-brown, remainder of mesosoma
          dark brown to black/
       7. prothorax yellow (at least laterally), basal metasomal segments often
          pale/
       8. body dark brown to black except pronotum with paler marks laterally/
       9. metasoma brownish/
       10. metasoma bright yellow except S1 and base of T1/
       11. head with irregular orange-brown coloration between the eye and
          antenna and on anterior gena, metasoma orange-brown anteriorly,
          posterior segments darker/
       12. pronotum and metasoma orange-brown except T1, dorsomedian portions of
          T2\endash{}3, and apex of T6 and S6 brown, remainder of mesosoma
          black/

#65. antenna <color>/
       1. with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical
          half/
       2. dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally/
       3. orange except scape and terminal segment brown/
       4. brown on base of scape and apical flagellar segments, yellow medially/
       5. entirely dark brown to black/
       6. yellow-brown/
       7. brownish orange on apical 2/3/
       8. bright yellow/
       9. entirely yellow except the two terminal segments brown/
       10. entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal segments yellowish/
       11. yellow, apical segments tinged with brown/
       12. brown, scape yellowish on median face/
       13. yellow, tinged with brown dorsally/
       14. entirely dull yellow/
       15. with scape and apex brown, middle flagellar segments brown dorsally
          and orange ventrally/
       16. with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum
          brown dorsally and yellow ventrally/
       17. with scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum brown/
       18. with scape brown basally, otherwise nearly all yellow/
       19. with scape bright yellow, otherwise brown/
       20. all brown except scape pale on apical third/

#66. mandible <color>/
       1. black <teeth sometimes brown>/
       2. black, reddish at apex before teeth/
       3. reddish brown/
       4. orange/
       5. yellow/
       6. yellow except black near articulation/
       7. yellow on dorsal and apical margins/
       8. yellow in the middle, brown at base and apex/
       9. apical third yellow, grading to black at base/
       10. largely yellow, basal 1/5 black, apex reddish brown/
       11. very pale yellow-white/
       12. yellow basally, apical third brown to black/
       13. dark basally, apical half reddish brown/
       14. dark basally, apical half orange/
       15. mostly black, orange-brown medially/
       16. pale yellow-white, tinged with brown outwardly/
       17. mostly yellowish brown, grading into dark reddish brown on apical
          third/
       18. predominantly orange-yellow, ventral margin brown, basal third black/
       19. mostly orange-brown, basal third black/

#67. <leg color>/
       1. legs all yellow/
       2. legs all dark brown to black/
       3. legs all brown/
       4. legs yellowish brown/
       5. legs all yellow except dorsal margins of femora tinged with brown/
       6. legs all yellow except base of fore coxa brown/
       7. coxae and femora dark brown to black/
       8. coxae and femora brown/
       9. coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown/
       10. coxae brown, legs otherwise yellow/
       11. coxae and basal 2/3 of femora brownish, legs otherwise yellow/
       12. procoxa and basal 2/3 of profemur dark brown, legs otherwise
          yellow-brown/
       13. coxae brown, femora brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow/
       14. procoxa and femur black, legs otherwise yellow/
       15. coxae and metafemur brown, other femora brown dorsally, legs
          otherwise yellow/
       16. procoxa and femur black, legs otherwise brown, paler towards tarsi/
       17. all coxae and profemur brown, legs otherwise orange-brown/
       18. procoxa and femur yellow except dorsal margin of femur, meso- and
          metafemora brown/
       19. coxae brown above and yellow below, basal 2/3 of profemur and all of
          meso- and metafemora dark brown/
       20. coxae brown above and yellow below, femora tinged with brown, legs
          otherwise yellow/
       21. legs very pale yellow-white/
       22. metacoxa and femur brown except at apices, pro- and mesofemora tinged
          with brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow/
       23. coxae, meso- and metafemora, and profemur basally and dorsally dark
          brown to black/
       24. coxae and meso- and metafemora brown (except femoral apices), legs
          otherwise yellow/
       25. coxae and meso- and metafemora dark brown to black, profemur broadly
          yellow medially, dark brown on dorsal and ventral margins/
       26. coxae dark brown above and yellow below, femora predominantly dark
          brown, yellow at bases and apices/
       27. coxae brownish, profemur broadly brown dorsally and ventrally, other
          femora narrowly brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow/
       28. coxa brown above and yellow below, basal 2/3 of profemur dark brown,
          metafemur tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow/
       29. coxae and meso- and metafemora dark brown to black, profemur light
          brown to yellow/

#68. <tibia/tarsus color>/
       1. tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow/
       2. tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange/
       3. all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown/
       4. tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices
          of tibiae orange/
       5. protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow
          bands at bases and apices/
       6. tibiae with yellow bands at bases and apices/
       7. protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae
          and tarsi brownish/
       8. trochanters, tarsi, bands at bases and apices of tibiae, and posterior
          half of procoxae orange/
       9. legs of type discolored/
       10. tibiae and tarsi yellow/
       11. tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow/
       12. tibiae brown, tarsi yellow/
       13. trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow/
       14. trochanters and protibia yellow, tarsi and meso- and metatibiae
          brown/
       15. basal half of tibiae tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow/
       16. basal half of protibia brown, apical half yellow, meso- and
          metatibiae yellowish tinged with brown, trochanters and tarsi yellow/

#69. <wing> membrane <color>/
       1. hyaline/
       2. tinged with yellow/
       3. weakly infuscate/
       4. infuscate/
       5. with a transverse band of faint infuscation between stigma and apex of
          Rs/

#70. <wing> veins/
       1. pigmented normally/
       2. almost translucent/
       3. discal cell translucent, other veins pigmented/
       4. distinctly opaque yellow/

#71. basal cells of fore wing <setation>/
       1. densely and conspicuously setose/
       2. sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell/
       3. nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae/
       4. mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically/
       5. sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically/
       6. with intermediate setation, each with two complete rows and a few
          additional setae/
       7. very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R/

#72. cell 1M <areolet stub>/
       1. weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical <evanescent M and Cu
          veins arising from nearly the same point>/
       2. distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical <evanescent M and Cu
          veins distinctly separate>/
       3. triangular, Rs connecting in the middle of the cell/
       4. elongate triangular, posterodistal corner extended into a point/

#73. distal portion of vein Rs/
       1. nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle/
       2. strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle/
       3. nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin,
          poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct/
       4. short, weakly curved, remote from wing margin/

#74. LFW/
       mm/

#75. LM/
       mm/

#76. WH/LH/

#77. DH/LH/

#78. EV/HE/

#79. EV/WF/

#80. WF/HE/

#81. WH/WF/

#82. OOL/WOT/

#83. DM/LM/

#84. FL/FW/

#85. HFL/HFW/

#86. A3 L/W/

#87. 2R1 L/W/

#88. <number measured>/

#89. <male>/

#90. <distribution>/

#91. <host and plant associations>/

#92. <taxonomic notes>/
