*SHOW ~ Item descriptions

*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS

# \i{}Sierola acuta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 11A\endash{}C, Map 2> 2<\i{}Sierola acuta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:74\par{}>
3<The large, protruding, triangular clypeus separates this species from all
others except \i{}S. rugiventris\i0{}, from which it can be distinguished by the
mandibles being vertical rather than twisted> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: HSPA Exp. Sta., 18 Jul 1916, collected on window, P.H.
Timberlake, BPBM Type 5> 8,5 10,1 11,3 12,11 13,4 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2
20,2 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,1
41,2 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,2 55,4 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1
67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,2.14 75,1.01 76,0.79 77,0.43 78,0.83 79,0.74 80,1.13
81,1.78 82,1.75 83,0.34 84,2.07 85,2.32 86,1.00 90<Found in the lowlands up to
about 800 ft. elevation. Known from a handful of specimens, most collected on or
in the vicinity of sugarcane, and several taken at light traps; the most recent
was 1966> 91<Reared from the sugarcane bud worm, \i{}Erechthias
flavistriata\i0{} (Walsingham) (Tineidae) by Swezey (1909), who misidentified it
as \i{}S. molokaiensis\i0{} prior to Fullaway\rquote{}s work. The one specimen I
have been able to find labelled as being reared is now missing its head, but the
association with sugarcane and other grasses is extremely strong> 92<This is the
only Hawaiian species with a strong, distinct transverse propodeal carina, a
feature commonly found in Australian and Asian \i{}Sierola\i0{} but nearly
absent from insular Pacific species. The association with sugarcane suggests
that its original host was a native grass-feeding caterpillar, possibly
\i{}Omiodes accepta\i0{} (Butler), the endemic sugarcane leafroller with a broad
host range among native and introduced grasses. The battery of alien parasites
purposely introduced to control \i{}O. accepta\i0{} and the decline of both
sugarcane cultivation and native grasses may be responsible for the absence of
this species. The known host, the sugarcane budworm, also feeds on palms,
bananas, and \i{}Pandanus\i0{}. However, these hosts are rarely searched for
\i{}Sierola\i0{} in the lowlands, so it may still persist. The closely related
\i{}S. rugiventris\i0{} is also a lowland species>

# \i{}Sierola affinis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 11D\endash{}F, Map 2> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola affinis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:121\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad, nearly parallel-sided
mandibles, a short, steeply curved clypeus, frons microsculpture coriaceous, and
sparsely setose basal wing cells. Together with \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{}, separated
from related species by the broad frons, distinctly greater than the eye height
and shorter behind the eyes (WF/HE 1.15-1.25, EV/HE 0.85-1.00, OOL/WOT
1.75-1.95). Distinguished from \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{} by the rounded, elliptical
clypeus and moderate frons punctation. The clypeus also usually appears weakly
carinate, unlike \i{}S. aspera\i0{} and \i{}S. luteipes\i0{} which clearly have
a sharp carina. The clypeus is consistently tinged orange to yellow in all
specimens, which distinguishes it from all three> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Kuli\lquote{}ou\lquote{}ou, 22 Dec 1918, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM
Type 99> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2/3 13,2/5 14,1 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2
22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,2 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,2
71,1-2 74,1.93 75,0.92 76,0.86<0.83-0.87> 77,0.58<0.56-0.60> 78,0.89<0.87-0.97>
79,0.75<0.75-0.82> 80,1.18<1.15-1.22> 81,1.69<1.69-1.74> 82,1.91<1.75-1.92>
83,0.39 84,2.07<2.07-2.29> 85,2.55<2.28-2.82> 86,1.33<1.11-1.33> 88<N = 8>
90<Uncommon, found in wet to wet-mesic forest across the island but primarily in
the Wai\lquote{}anae range> 92<The setation of the basal wing cells is
intermediate, cell 1Cu having only one row of setae while cell R is densely
setose. The collection date of the holotype was incorrectly recorded by Fullaway
as Dec. 12 (the first 2 is narrow, but 1 written by Timberlake is always an
unadorned line, without serifs)>

# \i{}Sierola akahikina\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 11G\endash{}I, Map 2> 3<Clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles strongly
twisted and with distinct teeth, and wing cells nearly glabrous. Closely
resembling \i{}S. alba\i0{}, but lacking the pale coloration of that species,
with the head not as broad or deep, and with smooth but distinct microsculpture
on the frons> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}aka\i0{}, shadow, and \i{}hikina\i0{},
eastern, referring to its similarity to a black \i{}S. alba\i0{} and its
presence in the Koolau range. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Waimano Trail 1100', 21.4324\u176?N 157.9061\u176?W, 4 Sep 2012,
sweeping \i{}Freycinetia arborea\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17878> 8,5 10,13
11,4/5 12,5 13,4 14,12 15,3 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,3 22,4 23,2 24,2 25,4
26,2 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,1
48,2 53,1 56,3 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,3
74,1.61 75,0.81 76,0.90 77,0.52 78,0.73 79,0.59 80,1.23 81,1.68 82,1.32 83,0.36
84,1.75 85,1.67 86,0.68 90<Known only from the type, taken in the central
Koolau range>

# \i{}Sierola alala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 11J\endash{}L, Map 2> 3<Fitting among species with a sharp clypeus,
closely punctate frons, and densely setose basal wing cells. Close to \i{}S.
vestita\i0{}, distinguished from it and others in the \i{}olympiana\i0{} complex
by the finer frons punctation, distinctly triangular clypeus with a less
strongly arched carina, broad head (WH/LH ~0.90), laterally punctate metasomal
tergites, and much larger overall size> 4<Named for the
\i{}\lquote{}alal\u257?\i0{}, the Hawaiian native crow, for the resemblance of
the prolonged clypeus to a beak and the entirely black color. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Tantalus, 24 Aug 1963, J.L.
Gressitt, BPBM Type 17879> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Tantalus, 6 Jan 1923, on
bark of tree, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Tantalus, 4 Jul 1956, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kap\u257\'3flama Trail 800', 1 Nov 1968, \i{}Ilex
anomala, \i0{}W.C. Gagn, BPBM> 8,5 10,1/3 11,2 12,1/2 13,2/11 14,9 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,6 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2
35,1 36,1 37,1 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,7 61,2
63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,2 74,2.30 75,1.13 76,0.90 77,0.54
78,0.60 79,0.49 80,1.21 81,1.61 82,1.29 83,0.47 84,1.84 85,2.00 86,1.50 90<Known
from four specimens, all from the vicinity of Nu\lquote{}uanu Valley>

# \i{}Sierola alba\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 11M\endash{}O, Map 3> 3<The strongly twisted, cream-colored mandibles,
elongate but strongly convex head, highly polished frons, and flat clypeus make
this species unmistakable> 4<From the Latin \i{}alba\i0{}, white, referring to
the striking cream coloration of the legs and mandibles. It is an adjective in
the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792? and allotype \u9794?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Coprosma
longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17880> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f,
Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, North Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au Gulch
2350', 21.5066N 158.1297W, 24 Feb 2012, on \i{}Diospyros, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Waimano Trail 1100', 21.4324N 157.9061W, 4 Sep
2012, sweeping \i{}Freycinetia arborea\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
\lquote\u332\'3fhikilolo 2900', 21.5133N 158.1930W, 6 Jun 2013, on
\i{}Metrosideros polymorpha, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u
H\u257\'3fpapa 2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 21 May 2014, on \i{}Psychotria
mariniana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f 2\u9794\'3f, Kapuna,
Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 6 Jul 2014, on
\i{}Pisonia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna,
Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 6 Jul 2014, on
\i{}Xylosma hawaiiense, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
P\u363\'3fle\lquote{}e, Coffee Gulch 1900', 21.5108N 158.1230W, 24 Mar 2015,
on \i{}Labordia kaalae, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000',
21.4146N 158.0999W, 9 Dec 2015, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, \lquote\u332\'3fhikilolo 2900', 21.5133N
158.1930W, 8 Jun 2016, sweeping, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Central
Kalua\lquote\u257\'3f Gulch 2200', 21.4603N 158.1004W, 30 Jun 2016, on
\i{}Pisonia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000',
21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 Jul 2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 Jul 2016,
on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, Palikea
3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 29 Aug 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f 2\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 29
Aug 2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 Oct 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20
Oct 2016, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f
1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 Oct 2016, on \i{}Kadua
affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 2\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4155N
158.0995W, 23 Nov 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA.
1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4155N 158.0995W, 21 Dec 2016, on
\i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea
3000', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 21 Dec 2016, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 23
Jan 2017, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Palikea 3000', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 22 Feb 2017, on \i{}Kadua affinis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4150N
158.0993W, 22 Feb 2017, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM.
2\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4155N 158.0995W, 22 Jun 2017, on \i{}Coprosma
longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,3/4 11,3 12,5 13,2 14,10 15,3 16,1
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,5 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1
35,3 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,3 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,4 63,2
65,1 66,11 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,2 74,1.67 75,0.83 76,0.99 77,0.57 78,0.71
79,0.55 80,1.29 81,1.70 82,1.37 83,0.46 84,2.10 85,2.50 86,1.00 90<Found in both
mountain ranges, abundantly in the Waianae and rarely in the Koolau, in mesic
to wet forest> 91<Collected on a very wide array of plants> 92<This is now one
of the most common species of \i{}Sierola\i0{} on O\lquote{}ahu, despite there
being no specimens of it from before 2012. It does appear to occur predominantly
in the Wai\lquote{}anae range and be rare in the Ko\lquote{}olau, where most
earlier collecting was done, but there are significant earlier collections from
the Wai\lquote{}anae. There is some possibility it could be introduced, but
nothing like it has been seen among undescribed specimens from elsewhere.
Indeed, while somewhat unique in the details, it more closely resembles the
unusual innovations of Hawaiian species such as \i{}S. montana\i0{} and \i{}S.
kamani\i0{} than those of the Australian fauna. Perhaps some change in host
abundance has resulted in it becoming much more common than previously>

# \i{}Sierola alelo\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 12A\endash{}C, Map 3> 3<A distinctive species, with the mandibles bent
down at the base and the clypeus prominent, large relative to the head, and
semicircular, flat dorsally with a faint carina basally. The sparsely setose
basal wing cells also distinguish it from others with bent mandibles except for
\i{}S. kumumu\i0{}, which has the clypeus convex dorsally, mandibles and at
least front femora yellow, and ocellar triangle strongly obtuse> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}alelo\i0{}, tongue, referring to the broad, flat clypeus. It is a
noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo Cr., 28 Feb
1920, E.H. Bryan, BPBM Type 17881> 8,5 10,4/8 11,4 12,9 13,11 14,13 15,5 16,2
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1
35,2 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 63,1 65,1
66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.52 75,0.73 76,0.82 77,0.53 78,0.66 79,0.66
80,1.00 81,1.86 82,1.24 83,0.42 84,1.95 85,2.75 86,1.25 90<Known only from the
type, collected at P\u257?lolo (Ka\lquote{}au) Crater in 1920> 92<The holotype
has had the metasoma broken off and glued back (association not lost)>

# \i{}Sierola anemophila\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 12D\endash{}F, Map 3> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola anemophila\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:129\par{}> 3<Belonging to the large group of species with the
basal wing cells densely setose, clypeus carinate and evenly curved, and
mandibles narrow and parallel-sided to slightly concave ventrally without any
modifications. Forming a closely related complex with \i{}S. nigra\i0{} and
\i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{}, denoted by the broad, deep head (WH/LH 0.89-0.95, DH/LH
0.59-0.64). Separated from those species by the polished metasoma, weak, fine
frons microsculpture and black mandibles. Also similar to \i{}S. fusca\i0{},
distinguished by the broader femur and much shorter A3 (1.2-1.3 times as long as
wide compared to 1.7-1.9 in \i{}S. fusca\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Nu\lquote{}uanu Pali, 1 Apr 1917, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 113>
8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2
47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1
74,2.00 75,0.97 76,0.92 77,0.59 78,0.61 79,0.58 80,1.04 81,1.81 82,1.07 83,0.41
84,1.94 85,2.42 86,1.33 90<Found in wet areas, around the peaks of Kaala and
Kalena in the Waianae range, and lower down in the Koolau range. Last
collected in 1944> 92<This species is very similar to \i{}S. nigra\i0{} and
\i{}S. fusca\i0{}, and they could eventually prove to be synonyms as they all
occur sympatrically. The three differ primarily in the microsculpture of the
frons and abdomen and shape of the femora, both of which are generally reliable
characters. They strongly resemble the \i{}S. similis/S. manoa\i0{} complex, but
have the basal wing cells setose>

# \i{}Sierola aniani\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 12G\endash{}I, Map 3> 3<Closely related to \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}, which it
groups with by the weakly carinate clypeus and yellow, strongly concave
mandibles. Separated from that species by the somewhat elongate clypeus which is
curved in lateral view, all yellow legs, and nearly glabrous basal wing cells.
The last also distinguishes it from \i{}S. halona\i0{}> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}aniani\i0{}, mirror, referring to the close similarity of this species to
\i{}S. halona\i0{} and \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}, and its occurrence in
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au close to where most specimens of the latter have been
found. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 28 Apr 1935, \i{}Antidesma, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM
Type 17882> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 28 Apr 1935,
\i{}Antidesma, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,2/3 12,3 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,1
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,1/9 24,1 25,3/4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,4 33,1
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,2 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.92 75,0.97 76,0.98 77,0.63 78,0.62
79,0.53 80,1.18 81,1.72 82,1.04 83,0.42 84,2.04 85,2.70 86,1.48 90<Known only
from three specimens taken in mesic forest below Ka\lquote{}ala, two from
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au on the southeast slope and one from the northern
slope> 92<See comments under \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola anthracina\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 12J\endash{}L, Map 3> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola anthracina\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:83\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species lacking a clypeal
carina, with the mandibles falcate and basal wing cells nearly glabrous.
Distinguished from all related species by having the clypeus distinctly convex
dorsally and pointed apically rather than flat dorsally and rounded apically,
mandibles reddish-brown to orange, and head flat behind the eyes in lateral
view, not convex. It shares with \i{}S. laupapa\i0{} the strongly expanded fore
femur (less than twice as long as wide) and flattened pronotum which is strongly
angulate anteriorly> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1500', 22
Dec 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 23> 8,5 10,1 11,1 12,4 13,2 14,4 15,2 16,4
17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,4 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,2 26,3 27,2 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,3
34,4 35,2 36,1 37,7 41,5 42,1 46,3 47,1 48,3 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 63,1 65,1
66,3-4 67,15 69,2 70,1 71,3 74,2.10 75,1.16 76,0.81 77,0.52 78,1.10 79,0.85
80,1.30 81,1.69 82,1.38 83,0.40 84,1.70 86,0.89 90<Restricted to the central and
southern Koolau range. Last collected in 1962> 92<This species is closely
related to three others on O\lquote{}ahu (\i{}S. beardsleyi\i0{}, \i{}S.
curvata\i0{}, and \i{}S. laupapa\i0{}), as well as undescribed species from all
the other islands. With its strongly rounded clypeus, \i{}S. anthracina\i0{} is
the most easily distinguished. The species appear to be allopatric except for
\i{}S. anthracina\i0{} and \i{}S. curvata\i0{}, which are very distinct in the
depth and curvature of the head>

# \i{}Sierola aristoteliae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 12M\endash{}O, Map 4> 2<\i{}Sierola aristoteliae\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:82\par{}\i{}Sierola seminigra\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:98 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<The dense, fine punctation of the head combined with very
short, even setae (shorter than the width of the antennal flagellum) makes this
species easily recognizable. The usually bicolored body, weakly carinate,
trapezoidal clypeus and rounded shape of the head are also distinctive. The only
similar species is \i{}S. manono\i0{}, which is nearly identical but is all
black, has mandibles with only three strong teeth, and has the head slightly
wider> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo, 11 Jan 1914, reared from
larva of \i{}Aristotelia\i0{} [= \i{}Merimnetria\i0{}] infesting
\i{}Gouldia\i0{} [= \i{}Kadua\i0{}] fruit [date is collection date], O.H.
Swezey, BPBM Type 22> 8,5 10,4/5 11,4 12,2/3 13,2/3 14,4 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,7 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,2
37,2 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 62,2 63,8 65,2
66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,2.00 75,0.99 76,0.86 77,0.61 78,0.75 79,0.72 80,1.04
81,1.76 82,1.46 83,0.39 84,2.13 85,2.50 86,1.00 90<Widespread in the central and
southern Koolau range; in the Waianae range, known only from Kapuna Gulch,
despite the wide range of its host plant> 91<Reared from \i{}Merimnetria
(Aristotelioides) elegantior\i0{} in fruits of \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{}; melanic
individuals reared from \i{}M. homoxyla\i0{}, presumably in stem galls. The
latter were originally identified as \i{}S. tantalea\i0{} (= \i{}S.
testaceipes\i0{}) and are listed as such by Swezey (1954) and Zimmerman (1978a).
Closely associated with \i{}K. affinis\i0{} and only rarely collected on other
plants> 92<Fullaway separated \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} and \i{}S. seminigra\i0{}
based on the clypeus being carinate in the latter but not the former. It is
weakly carinate (angulate) in the type of \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{}, and as in
many species with a weakly carinate clypeus, clearly varies depending on the
individual and the angle at which it is viewed. See also notes under \i{}S.
manono\i0{}. Four nearly all black specimens (originally identified by Swezey as
\i{}S. tantalea\i0{}), with only the pronotum and base of the metasoma tinged
brown, were reared from \i{}Merimnetria homoxyla\i0{}, the presumed host of
\i{}S. manono\i0{}, but have the mandibles and head dimensions of \i{}S.
aristoteliae\i0{}. These may represent hybrids or possibly indicate that the two
are incompletely separated host races>

# \i{}Sierola armata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 13A\endash{}C, Map 4> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola armata\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:72\par{}> 3<Immediately recognizable by the flat, elongate, spathulate
clypeus and bent-down mandibles with distinct teeth. Other species with similar
mandibles have the clypeus convex to the apex in lateral view and shorter, and
the frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular; in \i{}S. armata\i0{} the
flattened apical portion of the clypeus is parallel to the long axis of the head
in lateral view, rather than sloping in line with the basal part. Additionally
distinguished from the very similar \i{}S. neoarmata\i0{} by the enlarged
ventral tooth of the mandible, longer malar space (1/3-1/2 as long as basal
mandible width), more compressed head, extremely narrow frons, and longer behind
the eyes (DH/LH 0.42-0.46, WF/WH 1.94-2.12, OOL/WOT 1.59-1.75 compared to
0.48-0.51, 1.73-1.91, and 1.40-1.60 respectively in \i{}S. neoarmata\i0{})>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 7 Sep 1913, O.H.
Swezey, BPBM Type 2> 8,5 10,7 11,4 12,9 13,7 14,12 15,5 16,1 17,5 19,3 20,2 21,5
22,2 23,2/9 24,1 25,2/3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,4 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,3
42,5 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 66,2 67,7 68,5 69,2
70,1 71,1 74,1.93 75,0.98 76,0.67<0.63-0.71> 77,0.44<0.42-0.46>
78,0.97<0.88-1.02> 79,1.03<0.91-1.07> 80,0.95<0.90-1.03> 81,2.03<1.94-2.12>
82,1.62<1.59-1.74> 83,0.40 84,2.11<2.04-2.36> 85,2.67<2.39-2.88> 86,0.91 88<N =
10> 90<Found widely in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges, typically in wetter
locations and often in or adjacent to streams> 91<Observed attacking
semi-aquatic case-bearing \i{}Hyposmocoma kahamanoa\i0{} caterpillars on rocks
in streams> 92<The head of the holotype is detached from the body and glued onto
the point. The peculiar clypeus and mandibles may be an adaptation for opening
the closed cases of \i{}Hyposmocoma\i0{} caterpillars, which this species has
been observed to attack by entering head-first and then bringing the abdomen in
underneath to sting the caterpillar. Typically the frons is sparsely punctate
with weak microsculpture, but it is unusually variable in these characters, as
well as the shape of the ocellar triangle. Larger specimens tend to be more
punctate and more coarsely sculpted, but some large specimens are smooth and
sparsely punctate>

# \i{}Sierola arpactes\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 13D\endash{}F, Map 4> 3<This striking species cannot be confused with
any other. The mandibles are fully twisted so that the cutting plane is parallel
to the long axis of the head, with a sharp outer margin and the ventral surface
reflexed; and the venter of the head is concave and strongly tapered anteriorly.
The form of the mandible is similar to \i{}S. kamani\i0{} and \i{}S.
leiocephala\i0{}, but the dorsal surface is even more rotated horizontally and
the teeth are reduced, with only one tooth visible in dorsal view and a second
subapical tooth visible ventrally. The head is also strongly compressed, less
than half as deep as long> 4<From the Greek \i{}arpaktes\i0{}, robber or raptor,
referring to the grasping form of the mandibles. It is a noun in apposition>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Ka\lquote{}ala-Kalena crest 3100',
21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Apr 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17883> 8,5 10,4/7/12 11,5 12,5 13,2 14,12 15,7
16,1 17,2 18,2 19,2 20,11 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1
34,3 35,3 36,2 37,6 41,3 42,2 44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,4 67,5 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.86 75,0.87 76,0.73 77,0.46 78,0.97
79,1.00 80,0.97 81,1.88 82,1.88 83,0.39 84,1.93 85,2.00 86,1.09 90<Known only
from the type, collected on the Waianae crestline between Kaala and Kalena
along with that of \i{}S. nuku\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola aspera\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 13G\endash{}I, Map 4> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola aspera\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:153\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad, nearly parallel-sided
mandibles, a short, steeply curved clypeus, frons microsculpture coriaceous, and
sparsely setose basal wing cells. Together with \i{}S. luteipes\i0{}, separated
from related species by the more compact head, with a narrow frons subequal to
the eye height and shorter behind the eyes (WF/HE 0.95-1.05, EV/HE 0.70-0.85,
OOL/WOT 1.40-1.60). Distinguished from \i{}S. luteipes\i0{} by the brown-marked
femora and very short clypeus in lateral view. The clypeus is also always
distinctly carinate, unlike \i{}S. affinis\i0{} and \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{} which
usually appear weakly carinate> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Kaumuohona, 5 Dec 1907, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 162> 8,5 10,5/6 11,3 12,2 13,5
14,1/3 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2
30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1-3 67,5 69,2 70,2 71,1-2 74,1.91 75,0.97
76,0.80<0.80-0.84> 77,0.57<0.57-0.61> 78,0.83<0.72-0.83> 79,0.83<0.73-0.83>
80,1.00<0.99-1.00> 81,1.79<1.79-1.83> 82,1.43<1.43-1.59> 83,0.38
84,1.94<1.94-2.12> 85,2.43<2.17-2.43> 86,1.14 88<N = 4> 90<Known from wet to
mesic forest in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges> 92<The setae of the basal
wing cells is usually intermediate, with two rows of setae in both cells.
Overall the specimens grouped under this name are rather variable in the form of
the clypeus, and possibly more than one species is involved, but there are no
clear characters to separate them>

# \i{}Sierola auwae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 13J\endash{}L> 3<Among species with a weakly carinate clypeus and
distinctly concave mandibles, readily separated by the mandibles being strongly
angled and convex outwardly, with the ventral tooth partially concealed behind
the second. The only similar species on O\lquote{}ahu is \i{}S. koa\i0{}, which
has the mandibles very strongly constricted at the base and the ocellar triangle
front angle strongly acute rather than right. Closest to \i{}S.
megalognatha\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i, which has the mandibles broader and
parallel-sided and differs in a number of other respects> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}\lquote{}auwae\i0{}, chin, referring to the appearance of the squared
mandibles in lateral view. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae ab. 24-2800', 1 Jan 1919, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM
Type 17884> 8,5 10,2 11,1 12,3 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,4 17,4 18,2 19,2 20,1 21,1 22,3
23,2/9 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,1 41,2 42,2
44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,11
69,1 70,2 71,3-4 74,1.71 75,0.88 76,0.84 77,0.51 78,0.79 79,0.67 80,1.18 81,1.64
82,1.40 83,0.37 84,2.09 85,2.20 86,0.83 90<Known only from the type, collected
at Waianae (Valley?) in 1919>

# \i{}Sierola balteata\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 13M\endash{}O, Map 5> 3<Fitting in the group with the clypeus rounded
dorsally and mandibles with reduced teeth. Together with \i{}S. bella\i0{},
distinguished by having the vertex distinctly concave and being bicolored;
separated from that species by the semicircular, apically rounded clypeus, short
malar space, longer head behind the eyes, and thin mandibles without any
distinct preapical teeth> 4<From the Latin \i{}balteat\i0{}, girdled, referring
to the lateral yellow markings of the pronotum. It is an adjective in the
nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 9 Dec 2015, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17885> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f,
Palikea 2950', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 24 Apr 2014, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 15
Apr 2015, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 23 Jun 2015, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9794\'3f, \lquote\u332\'3fhikilolo 2900', 21.5133N
158.1930W, 8 Jun 2016, sweeping, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea
3000', 21.4155N 158.0995W, 23 Nov 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,1 17,4 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,3
22,4 23,2/9 24,2 25,4 26,4 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,3 33,1 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3
42,3 44,4 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 62,1/2/3 63,5 64,7
65,1 66,10 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.92 75,1.02 76,0.88 77,0.54 78,0.97 79,0.82
80,1.19 81,1.82 82,0.96 83,0.37 84,2.08 85,2.26 86,1.00 90<Known from only a
handful of recent specimens, all from the Waianae range and all but one from
Palikea> 91<Associated with \i{}Coprosma longifolia\i0{} and \i{}Cheirodendron
trigynum\i0{}> 92<Very similar to \i{}S. bella\i0{}, with which it was initially
confused. The coloration is unusual: in the few specimens available, the
pronotum ranges from nearly all yellow to nearly all black, but the most xanthic
individual still has a dark median stripe, while the most melanic has faint
brown patches laterally>

# \i{}Sierola batrachedrae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 14A\endash{}C, Map 5> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola batrachedrae\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:125\par{}> 3<This is the only species with a sharp carina and
sparsely setose basal wing cells which has the pronotum yellow. Also
distinguished by the head moderately elongate behind the eyes (EV/HE ~0.85),
mandibles narrow and distinctly concave ventrally, and clypeus evenly curved in
lateral view. Very similar to \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, but more pigmented and
with basal wing cells sparsely setose. The clypeal carina is sharp but somewhat
short, so it may appear weakly carinate> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
P\u257\'3flolo Ridge, 4 Sep 1911, reared from larva of \i{}Batrachedra\i0{} [=
\i{}Batrachedrodes\i0{}] infesting \i{}Acrostichum\i0{} [=
\i{}Elaphoglossum\i0{}] fern, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 106> 8,5 10,5 11,4/5 12,2/3
13,2 14,14 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,1 62,2/3 63,15 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.61 75,0.82
76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.85 79,0.74 80,1.15 81,1.77 82,1.25 83,0.38 84,1.93 85,2.20
86,0.83 90<Known from only a few records, in both the Koolau and Waianae
ranges> 91<Reared from \i{}Batrachedrodes\i0{} sp. (Batrachedridae) feeding on
spores of \i{}Elaphoglossum\i0{} ferns>

# \i{}Sierola beardsleyi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 14D\endash{}F, Map 5> 3<Part of a complex of species lacking a clypeal
carina, with the mandibles falcate and basal wing cells nearly glabrous.
Separated by the combination of a dorsally flat clypeus, compressed head, narrow
fore femur (more than twice as long as wide), and convex pronotum which is
weakly angulate anteriorly> 4<Named for John W. Beardsley, the leading
researcher of parasitic Hymenoptera in Hawai\lquote{}i in the 20th century and
collector of the earliest specimen> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Ka\lquote{}ala-Kalena crestline 3100', 21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Apr
2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17886>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 14 Apr 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9794\'3f, Ka\lquote{}ala summit, E face 3950', 21.5057N 158.1412W, 10 Feb
2014, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Ka\lquote{}ala
summit, E face 3950', 21.5057N 158.1412W, 3 Mar 2015, under leaves, K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Ka\lquote{}ala-Kalena crestline 3100', 21.4933N
158.1379W, 22 Apr 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH> 8,5 10,4/10 11,3 12,5 13,2 14,13 15,3 16,2 17,1 18,2 19,3 20,4 21,2 22,4
23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,3 42,3 44,2 45,2
46,4 47,1 48,3 53,4 54,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,4 69,2
70,1 71,3 74,1.84 75,0.92 76,0.76 77,0.54 78,1.10 79,0.94 80,1.17 81,1.71
82,1.58 83,0.40 84,2.04 85,2.63 86,1.33 90<Found only around the summit of
Kaala in the Waianae range> 92<Closely related to \i{}S. curvata\i0{} and
\i{}S. laupapa\i0{}; the characters given in the key and diagnosis will easily
distinguish them>

# \i{}Sierola bella\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 14G\endash{}I, Map 6> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola bella\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:78\par{}> 3<Fitting in the group with the clypeus rounded dorsally and
mandibles with reduced teeth. Together with \i{}S. balteata\i0{}, distinguished
by having the vertex distinctly concave and being bicolored; separated from that
species by the narrow, elongate clypeus which is truncate apically, long malar
space, shorter head behind the eyes, and thick mandibles with a distinct
preapical ventral tooth (the teeth may be concealed by the other mandible when
closed)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo Crater, 8 Sep
1918, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 13> 8,5 10,10 11,5 12,6 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,1
17,7 18,2 19,2 20,12 21,5 22,4 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,4 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,2
35,3 36,1 37,1 41,2 42,3 44,4 45,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1
62,2/3 63,5 64,5 65,1 66,5 67,13 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.68 75,0.94 76,0.95 77,0.56
78,0.67 79,0.57 80,1.17 81,1.76 82,1.04 83,0.37 84,1.81 85,2.29 86,1.20 90<Rare,
only about six specimens known, from both the southern Koolau and southern
Waianae ranges> 92<Very similar to \i{}S. balteata\i0{}, with which it shares
similar coloration and the unusual concave anterior pronotum>

# \i{}Sierola bicolor\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 14J\endash{}L, Map 6> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola bicolor\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:81\par{}> 3<Clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles falcate, prothorax yellow.
Separated from similar species by the very prominent genal angle and the
relatively deep postgenal depression. Unusually, the frons is distinctly concave
medially, although in lateral view the head is convexly curved> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: \u699?\u332?pae\u699?ula, 30 Mar 1913, D.T. Fullaway,
BPBM Type 21> 8,5 10,1 11,1 12,5 13,5 14,11 15,3 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,3
22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 33,1 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,6 41,5
42,1 44,1 45,2 46,4 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 62,2/3 63,13 65,1
66,4 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.78 75,0.85 76,0.75 77,0.55 78,1.00 79,0.89 80,1.12
81,1.66 82,1.45 83,0.41 84,2.15 85,2.45 86,1.00 90<Known from a handful of
specimens from the Waianae and northern Koolau ranges. Last collected in 1938>
91<One specimen each apparently reared from \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{} and
\i{}Melicope\i0{} sp., but plant part and insect host not recorded for either>
92<The original description says the species is black aside from the pronotum,
but the type is now faded to brown>

# \i{}Sierola brevicornis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 14M\endash{}O, Map 6> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola brevicornis\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:85\par{}> 3<Generally nondescript (black, mandibles moderately
narrow and only weakly concave ventrally, basal wing cells sparsely setose), but
easily recognized by the unique form of the clypeus which has a distinctive
rounded ridge or carina, neither sharp nor evenly convex. The clypeus in lateral
view is also unusual, distinctly curved but short in lateral view compared to
most other species. It most closely resembles \i{}S. ihulena\i0{}, but that
species has the clypeus even more strongly arched, broadly convex, and pale, and
the head is flat ventrally> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kaumuohona, 4
Jun 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 27> 8,5 10,3 11,4 12,7 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,4
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1
35,3 36,1 37,1 41,2 42,2 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.71 75,0.92 76,0.89 77,0.50 78,0.74
79,0.64 80,1.16 81,1.70 82,1.39 83,0.30 84,2.00 85,2.14 86,1.00 90<Found in both
the Koolau and Waianae range but rare, known only from five specimens. All
except the holotype were collected recently in the Waianae range. Apparently
restricted to wet forest>

# \i{}Sierola bridwelli\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 15A\endash{}C, Map 7> 2<\i{}Sierola bridwelli\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:145\par{}\i{}Sierola callida\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:100 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola lata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:132 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<Easily recognizable among species with broad, parallel-sided mandibles by the
blunt clypeus, recurved apicoventrally. The only similar species is \i{}S.
perotettiae\i0{}, which has the fore femur broad rather than narrow as in \i{}S.
bridwelli\i0{} (FL/FW 1.8-1.9 vs. 2.2-2.3 respectively) and the mandibles not
quite so wide> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: SE Ko\lquote{}olau Mts.,
1916, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type 145> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,1 15,1 16,2 17,3
18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,10
66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1-2 74,2.50 75,1.19 76,0.89 77,0.57 78,0.86 79,0.66
80,1.31 81,1.63 82,1.96 83,0.39 84,2.35 85,2.43 86,1.13 90<Found widely in both
the Koolau and Waianae ranges, primarily in wet forest but extending into
mesic forest> 91<Collected on a wide variety of plants. One specimen reared from
a \i{}Hyposmocoma (Euperissus)\i0{} sp. (Cosmopterigidae) caterpillar boring in
a stem of \i{}Broussaisia arguta\i0{}. Another is labelled \ldblquote{}ex
\i{}Oodemas aenescens kahanae\i0{}\rdblquote{} (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one
of three purported records of attacking beetle grubs. This should be confirmed
as wood-boring caterpillars, including \i{}Hyposmocoma (Euperissus)\i0{}, are
also common. However, it would not be out of the question for a wasp with the
caterpillar as its primary host to attack beetle grubs opportunistically, since
they will do so in the lab> 92<\i{}Sierola bridwelli\i0{} and \i{}S. lata\i0{}
are a clear example of species separated by Fullaway based on his first couplet
(head extended in front of the eyes, anterior margin angulate, vs. head not
extended in front of the eyes, anterior margin transverse), despite the clypeus
being identical in both taxa. The latter was further separated from \i{}S.
callida\i0{} based on supposedly having the head as wide as long, rather than
longer than wide; the WH/LH ratio in the types are 0.87 for \i{}S. callida\i0{},
0.89 for \i{}S. bridwelli\i0{}, and 0.91 for \i{}S. lata\i0{}, representing a
typical range of intraspecific variation>

# \i{}Sierola brunnea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 15D\endash{}I, Map 8> 2<\i{}Sierola brunnea\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:103\par{}\i{}Sierola lugens\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:116 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<A variable but very distinctive taxon, immediately recognizable among species
with a carinate clypeus and setose wing cells by the strongly flattened head
with a distinct genal angle, the gena concave between the angle and mandibles.
The head being both flattened and broad (DH/LH 0.51-0.53, WH/LH 0.82-0.88) is
extremely unusual> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1300', 29 Jan
1905, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 63> 8,5 10,4/5 11,4 12,2 13,2/11 14,13/14
15,4<incorrectly noted as not strongly convex in Magnacca 2020> 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,3 21,1 22,2 23,1/5 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,3
36,1 37,1 39,3 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1
65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.71 75,0.80 76,0.85 77,0.51 78,0.83 79,0.71
80,1.17 81,1.69 82,1.50 83,0.40 84,1.87 85,2.58 86,1.00 90<Found in wet to mesic
forest throughout both the Koolau and Waianae ranges> 91<Collected on a wide
variety of plants, with no clear preference> 92<This is an oddly polymorphic
species. There appear to be two general forms, one with moderately open
punctation, the clypeus evenly curved with the apex broadly acute, and WH/LH
~0.88, and the other with close punctation, the clypeus elongate with the apex
sharply acute in profile, and WH/LH ~0.82. In addition, one series of specimens
has the head and mesosoma predominantly yellow, and several others have only the
prosternum or small spots on the prothorax yellow. It would be tempting to
separate these as distinct species, but they occur sympatrically, and the
characters do not always segregate together; individuals with both dense
punctation and broad heads can be found. Fullaway\rquote{}s \i{}S. lugens\i0{}
is a synonym of this species, but it exactly matches the type of \i{}S.
brunnea\i0{} rather than representing the other form (both are the first type,
with open punctures and a broad head). Further study is needed to elucidate the
nature of variation in this species. One of the paratypes of \i{}S. lugens\i0{}
is actually \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{}; another (Tantalus, 4 Aug 1912) is a specimen of
\i{}S. weawea\i0{}, n. sp>

# \i{}Sierola brunneipennis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 15J\endash{}L, Map 7> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola brunneipennis\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:129\par{}> 3<One of only a few species with a carinate clypeus
and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells to also have a distinct genal
angle and smooth frons microsculpture. Separated from \i{}S. glabra\i0{} by the
moderately punctate frons, and from \i{}S. mandibularis\i0{} by the broader head
and sparsely setose basal wing cells. It also lacks the unusual form of the head
and pronotum of the latter species> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 7 Sep 1913, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 114> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2
14,10/11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2
58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,16 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,1.73 75,0.84 76,0.87
77,0.58 78,0.67 79,0.58 80,1.15 81,1.67 82,1.30 83,0.37 84,1.93 85,2.38 86,0.83
90<Found in wet to mesic forest in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges. Rare,
known from only a handful of specimens>

# \i{}Sierola canuta\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 15M\endash{}O, Map 8> 3<This species is readily separated from others
with broad, parallel-sided mandibles by the extremely narrow head, WH/LH
0.73-0.76. The combination of a somewhat short clypeus, curved in lateral view,
and dark brown femora also usually distinguishes it. Closest to \i{}S.
pygmaea\i0{}, but in addition to the narrower head and dark legs, the clypeus is
more rounded with a more distinct carina, rather than being truncate and often
appearing weakly carinate. The type also has the head moderately setose
ventrally, although this seems to be variable among the few specimens>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Wailupe, 30 May 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type
17887> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 14 Sep 1930,
\i{}Eleocarpus\i0{} [sic: \i{}Elaeocarpus\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, P\u363\'3fle\lquote{}e, Coffee Gulch 1900', 21.5109N 158.1234W,
24 Mar 2015, on \i{}Diospyros hillebrandii, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,5
11,4 12,2 13,2 14,1 15,2 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,2 26,1
28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,1 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2
56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,16 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.87 75,0.89
76,0.74 77,0.54 78,1.18 79,1.05 80,1.12 81,1.74 82,1.95 83,0.40 84,2.08 85,2.22
86,1.08 90<Known from four specimens, one from the Koolau range taken in 1919,
and one older and two recent ones from the Waianae range>

# \i{}Sierola capuana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 16A\endash{}C, Map 6> 2<\i{}Sierola capuana\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:113\par{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, somewhat
strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose, genal
angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs nearly all
yellow. Distinguished from similar species by the yellow mandibles which are
distinctly concave ventrally, frons densely punctate between the eyes, OOL/WOT
1.30-1.50, and head short behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.50-0.70)> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Niu, 16 May 1909, reared from larva of \i{}Capua\i0{}
[= \i{}Spheterista\i0{}] \i{}cassia\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 82> 8,5 10,3
11,2 12,2 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,4 24,2 25,1 26,1
28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,5
53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,11 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.93
75,0.99 76,0.88 77,0.61 78,0.64 79,0.60 80,1.06 81,1.72 82,1.31 83,0.43 84,2.00
85,2.36 86,1.33 90<Rare, known only from five specimens taken in the
southeastern Koolau range. Last collected in 1968> 91<Reared from two species
of native tortricids, \i{}Pararrhaptica\i0{} cf.\i{} longiplicata\i0{}
(Walsingham, 1907) and \i{}Spheterista cassia\i0{} (Swezey, 1912), which are
recorded from \i{}Myrsine lessertiana\i0{} and \i{}Senna gaudichaudiana\i0{}
respectively (the plant hosts in the \i{}Sierola\i0{} rearings were not
recorded)> 92<See comments under \i{}S. similis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola celeris\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 16D\endash{}F, Map 8> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola celeris\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:150\par{}> 3<Among species with broad, nearly parallel-sided mandibles,
separated by the densely setose basal wing cells, moderately elongate clypeus
which is evenly sloping or very slightly curved in lateral view, and mandible
apex straight and nearly flat, with the ventral tooth long. Distinguished from
the sibling species \i{}S. striata\i0{} by the medially polished metasomal
terga, legs marked with brown at least on the hind femur and/or dorsal margins
of femora, and generally narrower, longer head (WH/LH 0.75-0.80 vs. 0.80-0.83,
EV/HE 1.05-1.30 vs. 0.92-1.10, OOL/WOT 2.04-2.40 vs. 1.75-2.16). Also close to
\i{}S. tumidoventris\i0{}, from which it is separated by the predominantly
yellow legs, deeper head, and narrow hind femora (DH/LH 0.53-0.57 vs. 0.50,
HFL/HFW 2.55-2.90 vs. 2.20-2.35)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Tantalus, 16 Mar 1915, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 156> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,4 14,2
15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,15 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.18 75,1.05 76,0.78<0.75-0.80>
77,0.54<0.53-0.57> 78,1.20<1.06-1.29> 79,0.89<0.83-0.98> 80,1.35<1.23-1.39>
81,1.61<1.59-1.68> 82,2.04<2.04-2.39> 83,0.39 84,2.25<2.15-2.45>
85,2.76<2.57-2.90> 86,1.13<1.13-1.23> 88<N = 18> 90<Widespread and moderately
common in mesic and wet forest in the Waianae range, with three specimens taken
from the Koolau range> 92<I am tentatively maintaining \i{}S. celeris\i0{} and
\i{}S. striata\i0{} as separate species, since they can be distinguished on the
basis of color, morphometrics and to some extent geography, although there is
slight overlap in each. All recent specimens of \i{}S. striata\i0{} clearly have
the legs all yellow; some of the very earliest appear to have the hind femora
brownish, but it is unclear if they may have become discolored over time.
Otherwise this and the metasoma sculpture are the clearest characters to
diagnose them. Head width and EV/HE overlap only narrowly, while OOL/WOT is less
reliable. That both species are nearly but not quite confined to one mountain
range is curious, but is seen in other species such as \i{}S.
cryptophlebiae\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola centralis\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 16G\endash{}I, Map 7> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate,
evenly curved in lateral view, and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar
to \i{}S. similaris\i0{}, distinguished by the broader head (WH/LH ~0.98) and
evenly convex gena> 4<Named because the type locality, Waiawa, is centrally
located on the island of Oahu. It is treated as a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Waiawa, 8 Jun 1921, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17888> 8,5
10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,2
26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1
48,1 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 62,2 63,5 64,5 65,11 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
74,2.18 75,1.07 76,0.98 77,0.61 78,0.65 79,0.57 80,1.15 81,1.74 82,1.33 83,0.41
84,1.97 85,2.33 86,1.00 90<Known only from the type, taken in the central
Koolau range> 92<This may prove to be a variant of \i{}S. similaris\i0{}, but
they look distinctly different in gestalt>

# \i{}Sierola citripoda\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 16J\endash{}L, Map 9> 3<Among species with a highly arched and thin
clypeal carina, densely punctate frons, and strong and elongate vertex and genal
setae, this species is united with \i{}S. flavipes\i0{} and \i{}S. poepoe\i0{}
by the broad head and all-yellow legs. It is readily distinguished from those
two by the yellow mandibles and generally shorter OOL/WOT (1.05-1.25 vs.
1.20-1.40 in the other two). Also resembles \i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{}, which may
appear to have the clypeus strongly arched, but that species has the vertex and
genal setae relatively weak, frons densely punctate only anteriorly, mandibles
dull orange to black, and fore femora much narrower (FL/FW 2.10-2.30 vs.
1.87-1.93 in \i{}S. citripoda\i0{})> 4<Named for the bright lemon-yellow color
of the legs. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650', 21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 20 Apr 2015, on
\i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17889> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, Wai\lquote{}anae, K\u363\'3fmaip\u333\'3f gulch 4 2200', 21.4990N
158.1533W, 12 Jan 2015, stinging neck, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 19 May 2015, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,9 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,1 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1
65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1-2 74,1.81 75,0.91 76,0.88<0.88-0.89> 77,0.60
78,0.61 79,0.61 80,1.00 81,1.81 82,1.24<1.09-1.24> 83,0.45 84,1.92<1.90-1.97>
85,2.33<2.22-2.39> 86,1.48<1.33-1.48> 88<N = 3> 90<Known only from three
specimens, all taken from separate localities in mesic forest in the Waianae
range>

# \i{}Sierola concava\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 16M\endash{}O, Map 8> 3<Clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles falcate, and
vertex concave. Close to \i{}S. giffardi\i0{}, separated by the broader and
deeper head, and very deep emargination of the vertex. In general appearance it
is most similar to \i{}S. emarginata\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i, from which it
differs in the broad head and even shorter OOL/WOT ratio> 4<Named for the deeply
emarginate head. It is an adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo, 24 Jun 1917, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type
17890> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, P\u257\'3flolo, 3 Sep 1906, O.H. Swezey, BPBM>
8,5 10,4 11,4 12,5 13,4 14,13 15,3 16,1 17,4 18,2 19,3 20,4 21,4 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,4 26,4 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,1 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,2
47,2 48,4 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
74,1.67 75,0.91 76,1.00 77,0.57 78,0.77 79,0.63 80,1.23 81,1.82 82,0.51 83,0.41
84,1.79 85,2.09 86,1.20 90<Known from only two individuals, both taken from
P\u257?lolo in the southeastern Ko\lquote{}olau range. A male collected at
Palikea in the Wai\lquote{}anae range may also be this species, but is not
designated as a paratype> 92<Due to the concave vertex pushing the lateral
ocelli towards the eyes, the OOL/WOT of this species is the smallest of any
known \i{}Sierola\i0{}. The closely related \i{}S. emarginata\i0{}, found on
Hawai\lquote{}i, is the only other species in which it is distinctly less than
1. One of the two specimens was originally designated a paratype of \i{}S.
emarginata\i0{}; it bears an upside-down holotype label with the name
\ldblquote{}Sierola inerma,\rdblquote{} apparently an unpublished Fullaway
manuscript name>

# \i{}Sierola cryptophlebiae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 17A\endash{}C, Map 9> 2<\i{}Sierola cryptophlebiae\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:119\par{}\i{}Sierola brunneipes\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:102 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola flavicornis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:96 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola proxima\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:152 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable among taxa with a sharp
clypeal carina and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells by the
combination of the clypeus rounded and recurved in profile, and mandibles
moderately broad and distinctly concave ventrally. The antennae are also short
and yellow, and the legs are usually all yellow. Similar to \i{}S.
koolauensis\i0{}, but immediately separated by the wing setation> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus, 10 Jun 1910, reared from larva of
\i{}Cryptophlebia illepida\i0{}, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 94> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2
13,3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2/3 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,1 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2
57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,1/7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.73 75,0.93
76,0.81 77,0.55 78,1.00 79,0.91 80,1.10 81,1.80 82,1.73 83,0.32 84,2.00 85,2.22
86,1.00 90<Widespread in the Koolau range with one collection from the Waianae
range. Formerly rather common, especially around Tantalus, but only one recent
collection, from Lanihuli. These latter specimens have the femora and antennae
dark and may represent a sibling species> 91<Reared from pods of \i{}Acacia
koa\i0{} A. Gray (koa, Fabaceae), at least once definitively from caterpillars
of \i{}Cryptophlebia illepida\i0{} (Butler) (Tortricidae) infesting the seeds.
Nearly all collections where the plant is noted come from koa> 92<Fullaway
described this species under four names based on minor differences and ambiguous
descriptions. This name was chosen because the type is in good condition and
represents approximately the middle of the range of variation. Several of
Fullaway\rquote{}s paratypes of other species are actually \i{}S.
cryptophlebiae\i0{} as well. The legs are entirely yellow in nearly all of the
older specimens, but in one of those and the only two recent specimens, the legs
are predominantly brown. All other characters are identical>

# \i{}Sierola curvata\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 17D\endash{}F, Map 9> 3<Part of a complex of species lacking a clypeal
carina, with the mandibles falcate and basal wing cells nearly glabrous.
Separated from similar species by the relatively deep head which is strongly
convex dorsally, with the genal angle quite distinct but not strongly
protruding> 4<Named for the strongly convex head. It is an adjective in the
nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo, 13 May
1917, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type 17891> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, SE Ko\lquote{}olau
Mts., Jul 1916, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u257?lolo, 24 Jun 1917, J.C.
Bridwell, BPBM> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,4 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,3
22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,2 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,4
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,4 69,2 70,1
71,3 74,1.74 75,0.91 76,0.85 77,0.58 78,0.90 79,0.68 80,1.31 81,1.61 82,1.24
83,0.44 84,2.19 85,3.01 86,2.00 90<Found in the southeastern Koolau range.
Known from only four specimens; last collected in 1918> 92<Similar to \i{}S.
anthracina\i0{}, \i{}S. beardsleyi\i0{}, S. \i{}laupapa\i0{}, and \i{}S.
bicolor\i0{}, differing in the deeper head (much more curved dorsally in the
holotype) and somewhat bulbous clypeus. The two paratypes, including one
specimen collected from the same locality as the type a month later, have the
head less convex above but agree with all other characters, including the
flattened pronotum and the clypeus only gently convex dorsally and abruptly
dropping away at the sides. One specimen originally included as a paratype of
\i{}S. peleana\i0{} (Niu Ridge, 10 Feb 1918) appears to be this species but the
clypeus is strongly convex dorsally; it is clearly not \i{}S. peleana\i0{} based
on the very different mandible, but is not included as a paratype of \i{}S.
curvata\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola danimalis\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 17G\endash{}I, Map 9> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened
species with the head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and
the mesosoma also compressed. Separated from related species by having the basal
wing cells densely setose, clypeus rounded and recurved in lateral view, frons
moderately punctate, and mandibles moderately broad and distinctly concave>
4<Named for my late colleague Daniel Keone Sailer \endash{} affectionately known
as Danimal for his endurance and ability to navigate the steep mountains of the
Waianae range \endash{} a conservationist and naturalist who worked tirelessly
to protect the Honouliuli area, from which all known specimens of this species
have been taken. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
S. Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9 Nov 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17892> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, S. Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9 Nov 1919, E.H. Bryan, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, S. Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9 Nov 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u Kaua, 22 Jun 1924, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f
1\u9794\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u Kaua, 6 Nov 1932, \i{}Eragrostis, \i0{}O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, Palikea, 11 Nov 1936, Beating, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM> 8,5 10,4
11,3 12,2 13,2/3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,4 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,2
47,1 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1
74,1.64 75,0.85 76,0.77 77,0.49 78,1.10 79,0.94 80,1.17 81,1.76 82,2.06 83,0.32
84,2.10 85,2.21 86,0.83 90<Occurring throughout the Waianae range> 92<Very
similar to \i{}S. depressella\i0{}, differing in the broader mandibles, slightly
shorter and broader head, and denser punctation; also much larger, closer in
size to \i{}S. philodoriae\i0{}. The one recent specimen (not included as a
paratype), which is also the only one from the northern Wai\lquote{}anae range,
is somewhat intermediate with the clypeus and punctation of typical \i{}S.
danimalis\i0{} but the head dimensions and mandibles of \i{}S. depressella\i0{};
it could represent a third species or possibly show that they all represent
variants with a larger series>

# \i{}Sierola depressa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 17J\endash{}L, Map 9> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola depressa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:145\par{}> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened species with the
head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and the mesosoma also
compressed. Separated from related species by having the basal wing cells nearly
glabrous, fore femora less than twice as long as wide, mandibles narrow and
parallel-sided, and head extremely flattened (DH/LH 0.38). Most similar to
\i{}S. antipoda\i0{} Ashmead of Australia, which has broader, distinctly concave
mandibles and a short, truncate clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 1 Sep 1913, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 146> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,6
13,3 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,2 31,1 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,3 43,1 44,5 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 57,2
58,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,2.08 75,1.06 76,0.79 77,0.38
78,1.05 79,0.87 80,1.22 81,1.69 82,1.25 83,0.27 84,1.85 85,2.17 86,1.50 90<Known
only from the unique type, collected on the middle slopes of Kaala in 1913>
92<The metasoma of the type is missing, and the wings largely obscured by glue.
This is the most flattened species of \i{}Sierola\i0{} known (in both the head
and mesosoma), nearly equalled only by \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} of Australia and
several undescribed species from there. This body form appears to be associated
with attacking leaf miners in other Hawaiian species such as \i{}S.
philodoriae\i0{} and \i{}S. planiceps\i0{}, so if this and the related \i{}S.
depressella\i0{} are still extant, it may be there that they could be found.
However, \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} appears to attack caterpillars causing cone-shaped
leaf bud galls, an unusual habitat in Hawai\lquote{}i but one observed in
\i{}Merimnetria\i0{} attacking \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{} (Zimmerman, 1978a).
Fullaway (1934) described a taxon from the Marquesas as subspecies \i{}S.
depressa marquisensis\i0{}, but it is actually a sclerodermine, apparently
\i{}Thlastepyris\i0{} or a related genus, as evidenced by its highly reduced
wing venation>

# \i{}Sierola depressella\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 17M\endash{}O, Map 10> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola depressella\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:95\par{}> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened species
with the head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and the
mesosoma also compressed. Separated from related species by the densely setose
basal wing cells, relatively elongate, evenly curved clypeus, and narrow head,
elongate behind the eye> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala 2500-3000', 22 Jul 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 46> 8,5 10,4
11,4 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1
28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,4 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,3 42,5 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2
53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.29
75,0.64 76,0.71 77,0.46 78,1.23 79,1.07 80,1.15 81,1.67 82,2.00 83,0.29 84,2.11
85,2.20 86,1.00 90<Known only from four specimens taken on the middle slopes of
Kaala in the Waianae range. Last collected in 1920>

# \i{}Sierola dichroma\i0{} <Perkins, 1910>/
1<Figure 18A\endash{}C, Map 10> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola dichroma\i0{} Perkins,
1910:614\par{}> 3<A very large and striking species, immediately recognizable by
the predominantly yellow testaceous coloration of the mesosoma and large head
which is broader than long. The mandibles are both broad and long, and the
clypeus is only weakly carinate. Other species with large heads and similarly
elongate, broad mandibles (e.g. \i{}S. granulosa\i0{} and \i{}S. hualala\i0{})
are all black and have the head distinctly longer than wide> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo 1500', 1902, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM Type
1503> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,6 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,1
24,1 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1
48,1 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 62,3 63,7 64,4 65,2 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1
74,2.50 75,1.26 76,1.06 77,0.58 78,0.93 79,0.51 80,1.81 81,1.49 82,2.15 83,0.39
84,2.53 85,2.92 86,2.00 90<Rare, known from 8 specimens taken in the
southeastern Koolau range. Last collected in 1917> 91<Reared from \i{}Omiodes
scotaea\i0{} (Hampson) (Crambidae; misidentified in Swezey [1909] as \i{}O.
asaphombra\i0{}), which feeds on \i{}Astelia\i0{}> 92<Males are almost entirely
yellow. \i{}Astelia\i0{} is now rare on O\lquote{}ahu, particularly in the
Ko\lquote{}olau range, and \i{}O. scotaea\i0{} has not been collected on Oahu
recently. However, potential refuges such as the summit area of Ka\lquote{}ala
have not been extensively searched for either the moth or the wasp>

# \i{}Sierola discoides\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 18D\endash{}F, Map 10> 3<Belonging to a group of species with a sharp,
somewhat strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose,
genal angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs nearly
all yellow. Distinguished from similar species in the \i{}S. similis\i0{}
complex by the reddish brown mandibles and more flattened, moderately narrow
head (DH/LH 0.55-0.57, WH/LH 0.81-0.86). Nearly identical to \i{}S. setosa\i0{},
but with the head much flatter and the femora narrow (DH/LH 0.52, FL/FW 2.15,
HFL/HFW 2.86 vs. DH/LH 0.55-0.57, FL/FW 1.85-2.00, HFL/HFW 2.30-2.45 in \i{}S.
setosa\i0{})> 4<Named for the flattened, round head> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, W. side, 1 Jun 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type
17893> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2
23,2 24,3 25,1 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2
42,3 44,2 46,1 47,1 48,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,4 67,1 69,1 70,1
71,2 74,1.93 75,0.97 76,0.86 77,0.52 78,0.58 79,0.55 80,1.05 81,1.75 82,1.24
83,0.42 84,2.15 85,2.86 86,1.17 90<Known only from the holotype, collected on
the west side of Kaala in the Waianae range in 1919>

# \i{}Sierola epagogeana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 18G\endash{}I, Map 11> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola epagogeana\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:135\par{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp,
somewhat strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose,
genal angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs
predominantly yellow. Distinguished from similar species by the black mandibles
which are distinctly concave ventrally, frons densely punctate between the eyes,
head short behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.50-0.70), and moderately broad fore femora
(FL/FW 1.90-2.15)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kaumuohona Trail, 18
Dec 1910, reared from larva of \i{}Epagoge\i0{} [= \i{}Spheterista\i0{}]
\i{}infaustana\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 126> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,11
15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,2
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,3 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,5 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,2 74,1.93 75,1.00 76,0.91 77,0.60
78,0.61 79,0.56 80,1.09 81,1.76 82,1.14 83,0.40 84,2.00 85,2.50 86,1.00 90<Rare,
known from about half a dozen specimens from the southern Waianae and
southeastern Koolau ranges> 91<The holotype was reared from \i{}Spheterista
infaustana\i0{} (Walsingham) (Tortricidae), presumably on \i{}Pipturus
albidus\i0{} (mamaki, Urticaceae)> 92<See comments under \i{}S. similis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola extensa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 18J\endash{}L, Map 10> 3<The combination of strongly concave mandibles
and smooth, sparsely punctate frons separates this species from nearly all
others with a carinate clypeus and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells.
Very similar to \i{}S. glabra\i0{}, which has the head narrower and more
compressed (WH/LH 0.77-0.80 vs. 0.85, and DH/LH 0.54 vs. 0.58) and the antennae
shorter (just reaching the anterior pronotum and distal flagellomeres as long as
wide, rather than reaching the posterior margin of the pronotum and distal
flagellomeres distinctly longer than wide in \i{}S. extensa\i0{}). Also similar
to \i{}S. mandibularis\i0{} and \i{}S. brunneipennis\i0{}, which have the frons
more closely punctate and a distinct genal angle. The deepest part of the head
is more forward in \i{}S. extensa\i0{}, making it appear more evenly curved
below than all three of the others> 4<From the Latin \i{}extensus\i0{},
stretched or spread out, referring to this species differing from \i{}S.
glabra\i0{} by having the head dimensions greater in all directions. It is an
adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: North
Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4647\u176?N 158.1010\u176?W, 28 Jun 2016,
on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17894>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, \lquote{}Aiea 5-600', 18 Jun 1922, \i{}Acacia koa,
\i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200',
21.4603\u176?N 158.1004\u176?W, 30 Jun 2016, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca. 1\u9792?, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2200', 21.4665\u176?N
158.1028\u176?W, 27 Dec 2016, on \i{}Freycinetia arborea, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM> 8,5 10,4/5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,2
23,2/9 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2
42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1
69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.77 75,0.83 76,0.85 77,0.58 78,0.75 79,0.67 80,1.13 81,1.72
82,1.35 83,0.37 84,1.79 85,2.05 86,1.00 90<Known only from two recent
collections in the southern Wai\lquote{}anae range and one older specimen from
the Ko\lquote{}olau range> 92<This may form an allopatric species pair with
\i{}S. glabra\i0{} (see notes under \i{}S. rostrata\i0{}), but very few of
either have been collected>

# \i{}Sierola femoralis\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 18M\endash{}O, Map 11> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae,
and densely punctate frons. Forming a species complex with \i{}S.
hirticeps\i0{}, \i{}S. tenuis\i0{}, and \i{}S. usitata\i0{} based on having a
broad hind femur (HFL/HFW 1.80-2.40) and the head narrow and elongate behind the
eyes, OOL/WOT 1.33-1.55. Separated from those by the combination of the broader
and deeper head (WH/LH 0.78-0.83, DH/LH 0.55-0.56), orange to yellow mandibles,
and A3 as wide or slightly wider than long. The head dimensions overlap slightly
with \i{}S. vestita\i0{}, which is distinguished by the black mandibles and
triangular clypeus> 4<Named for the expanded hind femur, and for the habit of
the front femur curling up in specimens removed from alcohol, a trait not
typically seen in other species aside from the related \i{}S. tenuis\i0{}>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650',
21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 17 May 2012, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17895> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 2900',
21.4158N 158.0993W, 16 Feb 2012, beating vegetation, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Pe\lquote{}ahin\u257\'3fi\lquote{}a Tr. 2100', 21.5525N
157.9532W, 9 Apr 2015, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, North Kalua\lquote\u257\'3f Gulch 2200', 21.4647N 158.1010W, 27
May 2015, K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W,
15 Jun 2016, on \i{}Wikstroemia oahuensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f
1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 29 Aug 2016, on \i{}Coprosma
longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,4/5 11,3 12,1/2 13,1/2 14,12 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1
59,2/4 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3-5 67,5 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.67 75,0.85
76,0.80<0.78-0.83> 77,0.55<0.55-0.56> 78,0.75 79,0.71 80,1.05 81,1.70
82,1.33<1.33-1.41> 83,0.40 84,1.81<1.77-1.81> 85,2.15<2.10-2.32>
86,1.00<0.87-1.00> 88<N = 5> 90<Uncommon, known from six recent specimens, all
collected in the southern Waianae range aside from one taken in the central
Koolau> 92<The elongate setae of the vertex clearly place this species in the
\i{}olympiana\i0{} group, where it closely resembles \i{}S. usitata\i0{}, but
the clypeus is much shorter and less strongly arched than most members of that
group. This taxon could perhaps be merged with \i{}S. usitata\i0{}, and possibly
also \i{}S. hirticeps\i0{} and \i{}S. tenuis\i0{}, and into a single highly
variable species, but since all four are diagnosable with distinct differences
in the head shape, mandible color, and antenna, I prefer to maintain them as
separate>

# \i{}Sierola flavipes\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 19A\endash{}C, Map 11> 2<\i{}Sierola flavipes\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:137\par{}\i{}Sierola opogonae\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:122 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Among species with a highly arched and thin clypeal carina,
densely punctate frons, and strong and elongate vertex and genal setae, this
species is united with \i{}S. citripoda\i0{} and \i{}S. poepoe\i0{} by the broad
head and all-yellow legs. It is readily distinguished from the former by having
black mandibles and usually longer OOL/WOT (1.20-1.40 vs. 1.05-1.25), and from
the latter by the narrower and more compressed head and less expanded fore
femora (WH/LH 0.86-0.93, DH/LH 0.58-0.60, and FW/FL 1.79-1.95 vs. 0.95-0.97,
0.61-0.63, and 1.72-1.81 respectively)> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Tantalus 1300', 2 Apr 1905, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 129> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1
14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,5
31,2 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 49,3 53,1 56,2 57,1
58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.11 75,1.01
76,0.93<0.86-0.93> 77,0.60<0.57-0.60> 78,0.61 79,0.55 80,1.11 81,1.69
82,1.22<1.22-1.37> 83,0.45 84,1.79<1.79-1.94> 85,2.10<2.09-2.25>
86,1.08<0.93-1.14> 88<N = 4> 90<Rare, known from only two specimens in each
mountain range. Last collected in 1957> 92<The holotype collection date is
listed by Fullaway as April 4, but the day is clearly a 2 on the label (written
2.IV.'05)>

# \i{}Sierola fossulata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 19D\endash{}F, Map 12> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola fossulata\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:126\par{}> 3<Very similar to \i{}S. peleana\i0{} in having the
clypeus strongly convex dorsally (sometimes slightly angled but without a
distinct carina), basal wing cells sparsely setose to glabrous, and a distinct
genal angle; separated by the distinctly different mandibles, narrow,
parallel-sided, and black rather than moderately broad, strongly concave
ventrally, and reddish brown to yellow in \i{}S. peleana\i0{}. Also close to
\i{}S. nuku\i0{}, which has the clypeus smaller but somewhat bulbous and
recurved in profile, and the frons more sparsely punctate> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kaumuohona Trail, 9 Sep 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM
Type 108> 8,5 10,3/4 11,4 12,4 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1
22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3
42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1
69,1 70,2 71,3 74,2.00 75,1.06 76,0.94 77,0.60 78,0.70 79,0.54 80,1.30 81,1.68
82,1.10 83,0.40 84,1.78 85,2.07 86,1.14 90<Relatively common in mesic to wet
forest in the Waianae range (though never more than a few individuals found at
once), but only one specimen (the holotype) taken from the Koolau range>
91<Taken on a wide variety of understory trees>

# \i{}Sierola fuliginosa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 19G\endash{}I, Map 12> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola fuliginosa\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:132\par{}> 3<This species is fairly distinctive but difficult to
key out. The most obvious distinguishing characters are the clypeus strongly
arched but with only a sharp carina, not thin and laminate as in the \i{}S.
olympiana\i0{} complex, frons punctation not dense, lateral ocelli separate from
the vertex, fore femora less than twice as long as broad, and head broader and
deeper than most of those species, WH/LH 0.89-0.92, DH/LH 0.57-0.60. The basal
wing cell setation is intermediate, with two complete rows in each cell. Very
similar to \i{}S. kaala\i0{}, differing in the wing setation, having the
metasoma predominantly polished, mandibles narrower and parallel-sided, head
broader, antennae longer, and fore femora narrow, much more than twice as long
as wide. The last also separates it from \i{}S. larifuga\i0{}, which can be
found in similar habitat and also has a narrower head (WH/LH 0.81-0.88). A3 is
conspicuously elongate in \i{}S. fuliginosa\i0{}, whereas it is only as long as
wide in both \i{}S. kaala\i0{} and \i{}S. larifuga\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 4 Jul 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 120>
8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,1 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,2 23,3 24,2
25,2/3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,3 44,5 46,2
47,2 48,2 49,3 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2
71,1-2 74,2.13 75,1.10 76,0.91<0.89-0.92> 77,0.57<0.57-0.60> 78,0.67<0.63-0.77>
79,0.55<0.53-0.65> 80,1.21<1.17-1.25> 81,1.69<1.65-1.72> 82,1.12<1.14-1.33>
83,0.37 84,2.39<2.13-2.48> 85,2.46<2.29-2.78> 86,1.77<1.43-1.77> 88<N = 9>
90<Most specimens from from near the summit of Ka\lquote{}ala, except from one
from Tantalus in the Ko\lquote{}olau range. Rare, known from nine definitive
specimens, last collected in 1949> 91<A series of three specimens was reared
from \i{}Omiodes maia\i0{} (Crambidae) at Kamokuiki, a gulch on the northern
slope of Kaala. They are probably this species but are smaller with smoother
microsculpture>

# \i{}Sierola fusca\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 19J\endash{}L, Map 12> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola fusca\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:127\par{}> 3<Aberrant within the group of species with the clypeal carina
thin, laminate, and highly arched, by having the frons moderately punctate
rather than very dense all over. Separated from the similar \i{}S. swezeyi\i0{}
by the broader head (WH/LH 0.86-0.89), frons moderately punctate all over, and
mandibles parallel-sided. Also similar to \i{}S. anemophila\i0{}, but with the
fore and hind femora much narrower (FL/FW 2.30-2.50, HFL/HFW 2.80-3.15), and A3
elongate, 1.7-1.9 times as long as wide> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala 1500-2500', 9 Jul 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 109> 8,5
10,4 11,4 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,3 25,3
26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,4 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2
53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.96
75,0.99 76,0.88 77,0.59 78,0.62 79,0.57 80,1.09 81,1.71 82,1.11 83,0.41 84,2.50
85,3.01 86,1.71 90<Known only from three specimens, all taken in the Waianae
range on the lower slopes of Kaala. Last collected in 1944>

# \i{}Sierola giffardi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 19M\endash{}O, Map 12> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola giffardi\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:79\par{}> 3<Clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles strongly oblique apically with
reduced dorsal teeth, and vertex concave. Very similar to \i{}S. concava\i0{},
separated by the longer and narrower head, and shallow emargination of the
vertex> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: K\u333\'3fn\u257\'3fhuanui, 22 Feb
1914, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17> 8,5 10,7/10 11,4 12,5 13,4 14,11 15,2 16,1 17,7
18,1 19,3 20,7 21,4 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,4 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,3 33,1 34,4 35,2
36,1 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,1 45,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1
65,1 66,3 67,7 68,10 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.63 75,0.87 76,0.83 77,0.52 78,1.10
79,0.83 80,1.33 81,1.70 82,1.43 83,0.37 84,2.08 85,2.14 86,1.00 90<Uncommon but
widespread in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges>

# \i{}Sierola glabra\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 20A\endash{}C, Map 13> 2<\i{}Sierola glabra\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:95\par{}\i{}Sierola opaeula\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:105 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<The combination of strongly concave mandibles and smooth, sparsely punctate
frons separates this species from nearly all others with a carinate clypeus and
sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells. Closest to \i{}S. extensa\i0{},
which has the head broader and deeper (WH/LH 0.85 vs. 0.77-0.80, and DH/LH 0.58
vs. 0.54) and the antennae longer (reaching the posterior margin of the pronotum
and distal flagellomeres distinctly longer than wide, rather than just reaching
the anterior pronotum and distal flagellomeres as long as wide in \i{}S.
glabra\i0{}). The narrow head (WH/LH less than 0.80) also separates it from
\i{}S. mandibularis\i0{} and \i{}S. brunneipennis\i0{}; one unusually small
specimen has the head slightly broader. The genal angle is variable even among
the few specimens and often ambiguous> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Tantalus 1300', 7 May 1911, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 47> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2
14,14 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,3 36,1 37,1/3 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,1 56,3 57,1
58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.56 75,0.79 76,0.78
77,0.54 78,0.91 79,0.83 80,1.09 81,1.69 82,1.68 83,0.34 84,1.78 85,2.06 86,1.00
90<Known from a handful of specimens from the Koolau range, all except the
holotype of \i{}S. opaeula\i0{} collected from around Tantalus, and one from
Kaala in the Waianae range. Last taken in 1920> 92<Synonym of \i{}S.
opaeula\i0{}; the two types are identical in all characters. This name is chosen
as the type is in better condition>

# \i{}Sierola gracilariae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 20D\endash{}F, Map 14> 2<\i{}Sierola gracilariae\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:118\par{}\i{}Sierola kaduana\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:118 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Distinguished from most other species with a sharp clypeal
carina and densely setose basal wing cells by having the mandibles strongly
convex externally, semicylindrical in cross section. Separated from the closely
related \i{}S. kaumuohona\i0{} primarily by the more punctate frons and
distinctly elongate second ventral tooth, and from the more distant \i{}S.
nihopeku\i0{} by having the mandibles narrow and the clypeus curved in profile>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Niu, 11 Dec 1910, reared from larva of
\i{}Gracilaria mabaella\i0{} [= \i{}Caloptilia mabaella\i0{}], O.H. Swezey, BPBM
Type 92> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2/3 14,10 15,4 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,3 21,1 22,3
23,4 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1
71,1 74,1.66 75,0.83 76,0.87 77,0.56 78,0.70 79,0.68 80,1.02 81,1.77 82,1.35
83,0.39 84,2.23 85,2.40 86,0.86 90<Found in mesic forest in the northern
Waianae range and southeastern Koolau range. Most specimens collected
October-December> 91<All specimens where the plant was recorded have come from
\i{}Diospyros hillebrandii\i0{} (lama, Ebenaceae), except for the type of \i{}S.
kaduana\i0{} (see comments). Reared from \i{}Caloptilia mabaella\i0{} (Swezey)
(Gracillariidae), a leaf miner in \i{}Diospyros\i0{} spp. This moth was
considered to be an alien by Zimmerman (1978a), but is not known from outside
Hawai\lquote{}i and the evident close association between it and \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{} implies it is native> 92<Fullaway lists a number of characters
of the punctation, coloration and mandibles to separate this species from \i{}S.
kaduana\i0{}, but none are evident on examination of the types: both have the
wings hyaline, the mandible width and frons punctation are identical, and the
head setation of \i{}S. gracilariae\i0{} is less conspicuous only because the
type specimen is more abraded. \i{}Sierola kaumuohona\i0{} may also be a
synonym; it is retained as distinct because the punctation difference appears to
be consistent and to largely correlate with different hosts and habitat
(\i{}Merimnetria\i0{} on \i{}Kadua\i0{} in wet forest for \i{}S.
kaumuohona\i0{}, \i{}Caloptilia\i0{} on \i{}Diospyros\i0{} in mesic forest for
\i{}S. gracilariae\i0{}). However, the type of \i{}S. kaduana\i0{} was collected
on \i{}Kadua\i0{} but is clearly of the same form as \i{}S. gracilariae\i0{},
suggesting that they may not be fully separated\par{}>

# \i{}Sierola gracilis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 20G\endash{}I, Map 13> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola gracilis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:78\par{}> 3<In the species with the clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles
strongly oblique apically with reduced dorsal teeth, and vertex straight. United
with \i{}S. kikiwi\i0{} in having the basal wing cells densely setose;
distinguished by the mandibles being only slightly twisted, ocellar triangle
front angle right (OOL/WOT ~1.45), and the head convex dorsally. The frons width
is also distinctly greater than the eye height, WF/HE ~1.18> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kaumuohona Ridge, 7 Jan 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM
Type 14> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,5 13,4 14,11 15,2 16,4 17,7 18,2 19,2 20,7 21,3 22,3
23,1 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,2
46,3 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,2 70,2 71,1
74,1.93 75,0.95 76,0.79 77,0.51 78,0.88 79,0.74 80,1.19 81,1.63 82,1.45 83,0.38
84,1.96 85,2.38 86,1.10 90<Only known from four specimens, from both the Koolau
and Waianae ranges. The latter occurrences are all from Kaala and to the
north> 92<This species and its very similar sibling \i{}S. kikiwi\i0{} appear to
have the same allopatric distribution as \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{} and \i{}S.
rostrata\i0{}, although there are too few specimens of both to be certain. See
comments under the latter species>

# \i{}Sierola gracillima\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 20J\endash{}L, Map 13> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola gracillima\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:102\par{}> 3<A rather nondescript species, with the basal wing
cells densely setose, clypeus carinate and evenly curved, and mandibles narrow
and parallel-sided without any modifications. Distinguished from similar species
by the rather narrow head (WH/LH 0.80), with weak microsculpture and moderately
sparse punctation on the frons> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Punalu\lquote{}u, 11 Jun 1911, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 59> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2
13,2 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,2/9 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1
29,2 30,3-4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,16 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.58 75,0.75 76,0.80
77,0.53 78,1.00 79,0.89 80,1.12 81,1.66 82,1.68 83,0.34 84,2.27 85,2.47 86,0.86
90<Known only from two specimens taken in the central Koolau range and one from
the Waianae> 92<Each of the three specimens are slightly different. The second
Koolau specimen has the head more compressed and shorter behind the eyes
compared to the type and with yellow mandibles rather than brown to black. The
Waianae specimen has the head similarly flattened and also wider than the
others; the mandibles are reddish brown. They are the same in other respects,
and just within the range of expected variation, so are tentatively maintained
as one species>

# \i{}Sierola granulosa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 20M\endash{}O, Map 13> 3<Separated from most species in the group with
a sharp or weakly carinate clypeal carina and densely to sparsely setose basal
wing cells by the moderately broad, distinctly concave, orange-yellow mandibles,
lack of a genal angle, and head elongate behind the eyes (EV/HE greater than
0.90). Most similar to \i{}S. hualala\i0{}; distinguished from that species by
the shorter head behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.90-1.10) and close punctation, and
from \i{}S. koolauensis\i0{} by the broad, flattened head and small ocellar
triangle (OOL/WOT 2.2-2.3 vs. ~1.6 in \i{}S. koolauensis\i0{}). Differs from
both in the orange mandibles and very strongly granular sculpture of the frons>
4<From the extremely dull sculpture of the head. It is an adjective in the
nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792? and allotype \u9794?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, W. side, 1 Jun 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17896> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, Wai\u257\'3fhole, 12 May 1919, \i{}Euphorbia, \i0{}O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Kukuiala Val., 9 Feb 1936, \i{}Euphorbia,
\i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2/11 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,2 23,6 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,5 29,4 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4
41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,6 66,4 67,16 69,1
71,1-2 74,1.89 75,0.98 76,0.85 77,0.55 78,1.03 79,0.70 80,1.48 81,1.50 82,2.21
83,0.42 84,2.31 85,2.61 86,1.50 90<Known from five specimens from three
collections in wet to mesic forest, two from the Waianae range and one from the
Koolau. Last taken in 1936> 91<Probably associated with \i{}Euphorbia\i0{} (=
\i{}Chamaesyce\i0{}; akoko, Euphorbiaceae), as two of the three records are from
it and there are only a handful of other collections from it (all common
species). The \i{}Euphorbia\i0{} species occurring in wetter habitats where it
was collected, \i{}E. herbstii\i0{} in the Waianae range and \i{}E. rockii\i0{}
in the Koolau, are now endangered, which may be why this species is so rare>
92<The setation of the basal wing cells is somewhat intermediate, with two full
conspicuous rows of setae in each cell. The Koolau specimen has the clypeus
less curved and carina lower, but is otherwise identical>

# \i{}Sierola halona\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 21A\endash{}C, Map 13> 3<Closely related to \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}, which
it groups with by the weakly carinate clypeus and yellow, strongly concave
mandibles. Separated from that species by the somewhat elongate clypeus which is
curved in lateral view, and all yellow legs; distinguished from \i{}S.
aniani\i0{} by the sparsely setose basal wing cells> 4<Named for the type
locality, H\u257?lona Valley in the Wai\lquote{}anae range. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Halona Val., Wai\lquote{}anae
Mts., 12 Mar 1933, \i{}Osmanthus\i0{} [= \i{}Nestegis\i0{}] O.H. Swezey, BPBM
Type 17897> 8,5 10,4 11,2 12,3 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,1 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,3 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,2 41,2
42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1/2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1
69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.77 75,0.89 76,0.92 77,0.60 78,0.64 79,0.56 80,1.13 81,1.73
82,1.00 83,0.43 84,2.00 85,2.89 86,1.40 90<Known only from one specimen from the
southern Wai\lquote{}anae range, in mesic forest at H\u257?lona Gulch> 92<See
comments under \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola hauwahine\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 21D\endash{}F, Map 14> 3<Clypeus flat dorsally, mandibles falcate, and
vertex slightly concave. Immediately distinguishable from similar species by the
predominantly yellow mesosoma, as well as the flat dorsum of the head> 4<Named
for Hauwahine, the supernatural \i{}mo\lquote{}o\i0{} (lizard) guardian of
Kawainui. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 13 Mar 1932, \i{}Alyxia, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type
17898> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea, Jun 1957, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,5
10,4/10 11,3 12,5 13,2 14,10 15,3 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,4 22,4 23,9 24,1
25,4 26,3 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,3 33,4 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,1 39,3 41,3 42,3 44,3
45,2 46,4 47,1 48,3 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,1 61,2 62,3 63,5 64,1 65,6 66,3 67,1
69,1 70,2 71,3 74,2.12 75,1.10 76,0.72 77,0.48 78,1.16 79,1.06 80,1.10 81,1.85
82,1.55 83,0.36 84,1.87 85,2.52 86,1.33 90<Known only from two specimens
collected in the southern Waianae range>

# \i{}Sierola heterochroma\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 21G\endash{}I, Map 15> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae,
and densely punctate frons. Forms a closely related complex with \i{}S.
hirsuta\i0{} and \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} based on the hyaline wings, moderately
wide head (WH/LH 0.77-0.84), elongate third antennal segment (about 1.2-1.5
times as long as wide), and narrow femora (FL/FW 1.90-2.20, HFL/HFW 2.50-3.00)
that are usually solid colored. Separated from those species by having the
mandibles yellow but the coxae and femora brown> 4<Named for the differing
colors of the mandibles and legs. It is an adjective in the nominative singular>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 2900', 21.4158\u176?N
158.0993\u176?W, 16 Feb 2012, beating vegetation, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type
17899> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, P\u257\'3flehua, Wai\lquote{}anae, 7 May 1922,
Gouldia, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 18 Feb 1923,
\i{}Metrosideros, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Pe\lquote{}ahin\u257\'3fi\lquote{}a Rdg., 13 Apr 1930,
\lquote\u332\'3fhi\lquote{}a h\u257\'3f [\i{}Syzygium sandwicense\i0{}], O.H.
Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kukuiala Val., 16 Sep 1933, \i{}Maba\i0{} [=
\i{}Diospyros\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala
1200-1500', 29 Oct 1944, Beating Shrubbery, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, Apr 1949, G.B. Mainland, BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, M\u257\'3fkaha,
Camp Ridge 2300', 21.5019N 158.1690W, 14 Feb 2012, beating vegetation, K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, North Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au Gulch 2350',
21.5066N 158.1297W, 24 Feb 2012, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr.
2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 16 May 2012, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u Kaua summit 3050', 21.4411N
158.0989W, 30 Aug 2012, on \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, \lquote\u332\'3fhikilolo 2900', 21.5133N
158.1930W, 5 Jun 2013, sweeping ferns, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 6 Jul 2014,
on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f
1\u9794\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W,
19 Nov 2014, on \i{}Psychotria, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f,
Ka\lquote{}ala summit, E face 3950', 21.5057N 158.1412W, 3 Mar 2015, under
leaves, K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f, Ka\lquote{}ala summit, E face 3950',
21.5057N 158.1412W, 2 Jun 2015, on \i{}Broussaisia arguta, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 29 Aug 2016, on
\i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, West Makaleha Gulch
1900', 21.5285N 158.1723W, 14 Nov 2016, on \i{}Diospyros hillebrandii,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4150N
158.0993W, 22 Feb 2017, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
UHIM> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6
24,3 25,1/2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,3
44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,11/19 68,1
69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.87 75,0.87 76,0.80<0.76-0.84> 77,0.55<0.53-0.57> 78,0.78
79,0.69 80,1.13 81,1.69 82,1.25<1.15-1.40> 83,0.44 84,2.00<1.90-2.12>
85,2.70<2.52-2.84> 86,1.40<1.20-1.40> 88<N = 22> 90<Found in both wet and mesic
forest, primarily in the northern Waianae range, and at Palikea in the southern
Waianae. No records from the Koolau range> 92<I am establishing this species
somewhat reluctantly, because it would otherwise be difficult to maintain \i{}S.
hirsuta\i0{} and \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} as distinct. All three are similar
structurally, united by the narrow fore and hind femora, moderately long
antennae, and identical range of head dimensions. They differ in coloration,
mandibles and femora being yellow in \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{}, both dark brown to
black in \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}, and mandibles yellow but femora dark in \i{}S.
heterochroma\i0{}. Unlike other species known to be polymorphic in coloration,
such as \i{}S. tenuis\i0{} or \i{}S. vestita\i0{}, there are no intermediate
forms seen. The ranges overlap significantly, and they may be taken in company,
but also show some segregation \endash{} \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{} is found
mainly in the northern Wai\lquote{}anae range, in both mesic and wet forest
(only one record from the Ko\lquote{}olau range); \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} is found
mostly in wet forest, mainly in the Wai\lquote{}anae range and occasionally in
the Ko\lquote{}olaus; and \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} is found widely in both ranges,
again primarily in wet forest. The metasoma is distinctly microreticulate only
in \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}, leading to the possibility that it is distinct but
\i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} and \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{} are one species. Notably,
\i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} appears to have declined significantly in recent collections
compared to earlier periods, while \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{} has increased>

# \i{}Sierola hiiaka\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 21J\endash{}L, Map 14> 3<Readily separated from most species by the
prominent clypeus which is strongly convex or weakly carinate dorsally,
moderately broad mandibles that are strongly concave ventrally and expanded
apically, and sparsely setose basal wing cells. Close to \i{}S. peleana\i0{},
but with a flatter clypeus, broader and deeper head, reduced microsculpture of
the metasoma, and pronotum and mandibles yellow> 4<Named for Hi\lquote{}iaka,
the Hawaiian goddess of hula and medicine and sister of the volcano goddess
Pele, referring to the similarity of this species to \i{}S. peleana\i0{}. It is
a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: \lquote{}Aiea Ridge
Trail 1600', 3 Nov 1968, \i{}Ilex anomala, \i0{}W.C. Gagn\u233?, BPBM Type
17900> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u Kaua, 22 Jun 1924, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,4 13,2 14,6 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,9
24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,4
47,1 48,3 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 62,2 63,8 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3
74,2.09 75,1.07 76,0.93 77,0.64 78,0.62 79,0.50 80,1.24 81,1.63 82,1.04 83,0.40
84,2.07 85,2.73 86,1.67 90<Known from two specimens, one each from the Waianae
and Koolau ranges> 92<Very similar to \i{}S. peleana\i0{}, and initially
thought to be a color variety of that species. The differences in head
dimensions, S6 setation, and coloration, along with the subtle but recognizable
difference in the form of the clypeus, show it to be distinct>

# \i{}Sierola hillebrandi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 21M\endash{}O, Map 14> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola hillebrandi\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:121\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad, nearly
parallel-sided mandibles and a short, steep clypeus. Separated from related
species by the very densely setose basal wing cells (four rows of setae in cell
R and three in 1Cu) and distinctly carinate clypeus which is nearly straight in
profile. The head dimensions are closest to \i{}S. aspera\i0{}, but \i{}S.
hillebrandi\i0{} is distinctly different in the shape of the clypeus and wing
cell setation> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Hillebrand\rquote{}s Glen,
17 Nov 1912, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 98> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,4 14,2 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.93 75,0.97 76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.82
79,0.78 80,1.05 81,1.83 82,1.42 83,0.36 84,2.07 85,2.70 86,1.17 90<Known only
from two specimens taken on opposite sides of Nu\lquote{}uanu Valley in the
southeastern Ko\lquote{}olau range. Last collected in 1916>

# \i{}Sierola hirsuta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 22A\endash{}C, Map 15> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola hirsuta\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:106\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Forms a closely related complex with \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{} and \i{}S.
olympiana\i0{} based on the hyaline wings, moderately wide head (WH/LH
0.77-0.84), elongate third antennal segment (about 1.2-1.5 times as long as
wide), and narrow femora (FL/FW 1.90-2.20, HFL/HFW 2.50-3.00) that are usually
solid colored. Separated from those species by having both the mandibles and
legs entirely yellow. Distinguished from the very similar S. welau but having
cell 2R1 completely closed, slightly smaller OOL/WOT (1.10\endash{}1.40 vs.
1.40\endash{}1.55), and usually narrower hind femora (2.53\endash{}2.86 vs.
2.15\endash{}2.57, typical specimens much different) which are all yellow rather
than tinged with brown> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Niu, 10 Feb 1918,
P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 69> 8,5 10,1 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,2 22,1 23,7 24,3 25,1/2 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1
36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1/4 61,3
63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.88 75,1.01 76,0.80<0.77-0.84>
77,0.55<0.53-0.58> 78,0.71 79,0.64 80,1.12 81,1.66 82,1.32<1.11-1.39> 83,0.37
84,2.13<1.93-2.21> 85,2.73<2.53-2.86> 86,1.23<1.23-1.48> 88<N = 16> 90<Found in
wet forest, taken in the southeastern Koolau range and at Palikea and on the
windward slopes of Kaala in the Waianae range. Formerly abundant, but uncommon
in recent collections and found only at Palikea> 92<The male allotype is almost
certainly a different species; the head punctation is much sparser. Some
individuals have the frons more shiny and/or the wings less densely setose, but
the two characters seem to vary independently and cannot be used to reliably
separate them into distinct taxa. Curiously, there are no recent collections
from Ka\lquote{}ala where it was formerly abundant, despite extensive collecting
there, but a nearly identical species of \i{}Goniozus\i0{} (presumably
introduced) is now taken frequently there. As a
\ldblquote{}Parasierola\rdblquote{} species, it has a closed cell 1M (areolet),
and vein Rs is bent towards the wing margin at a sharp angle as in
\i{}Sierola\i0{}, so that if not inspected closely to see that the vein does not
quite meet the margin it may easily be taken for a \i{}Sierola\i0{}. The latter
character, and the presence of 4 maxillary and 2 labial palp segments as in
\i{}Sierola\i0{} rather than 5/3 as is typical for \i{}Goniozus\i0{}, appears to
only be found in some undescribed Australian \i{}Goniozus\i0{}, suggesting its
likely origin. Essentially it differs from \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} only in the open
cell 2R1 (radial cell) and generally broader fore femur (FL/FW 1.85-2.00 vs.
1.95-2.15 in \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{}); the coloration of the legs is also variable,
from all yellow as in \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} to the dorsal margins of the femora
broadly brown. In all other characters, including the head measurements, it is
identical to \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{}. To date it has only been found at peaks in the
Wai\lquote{}anae range (Ka\lquote{}ala, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa, and Palikea),
not in the lowlands like other introduced \i{}Goniozus\i0{}. See also comments
under \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola hirticeps\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 22D\endash{}F, Map 14> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola hirticeps\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:147\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly
arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and
densely punctate frons. Separated from nearly all others by the very narrow,
compressed head (WH/LH 0.72-0.76, DH/LH 0.50-0.52) and the swollen hind femur
(HFL/HFW 1.80-2.40). Distinguished from \i{}S. tenuis\i0{}, which has a
similarly narrow head, by having the femora and mandibles entirely dark brown to
black> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus, 3 Jan 1910, D.T.
Fullaway, BPBM Type 150> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,1/2 13,1/2 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,3 39,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,10
66,1 67,7 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.73 75,0.88 76,0.76 77,0.52 78,0.73 79,0.75
80,0.98 81,1.75 82,1.41 83,0.38 84,1.80 85,2.00 86,1.20 90<Very rare, only
definitively known from the holotype and two other specimens. Last collected in
1917> 92<This species is very similar to the moderately common \i{}S.
tenuis\i0{}, and may prove to be an aberrant color morph of it. The paratype
from Kunia is \i{}S. usitata\i0{}, and the one from Kaumuahona collected by
Timberlake listed by Fullaway (1920) cannot be located>

# \i{}Sierola hookahi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 22G\endash{}I, Map 15> 3<Fitting among a cluster of species with a
sharp clypeal carina and mandibles distinctly concave ventrally, distinguished
from most of those with similar characteristics by the deep, moderately broad
head (DH/LH ~0.63, WH/LH ~0.94) and yellow mandibles. The basal wing cells are
intermediate, with two complete rows present in each cell and cell R dense
apically. Strikingly similar to \i{}S. capuana\i0{} and \i{}S. epagogeana\i0{},
with yellow mandibles like the former and densely punctate frons like the
latter, and with more setose wing cells than either> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}ho\lquote{}okahi\i0{}, one or solitude, referring to the unique type
specimen, which is also the only \i{}Sierola\i0{} specimen so far taken from
Waik\u257?ne Valley. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Waik\u257?ne, 13 Apr 1924, on Sandalwood tree, O.H. Swezey, BPBM
Type 17901> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,6 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,2
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,13 69,1
70,1 71,1-2 74,1.87 75,0.94 76,0.94 77,0.63 78,0.63 79,0.58 80,1.08 81,1.77
82,1.12 83,0.44 84,2.26 85,2.62 86,1.48 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected in the Koolau range in 1924> 91<The sole specimen was collected on
\i{}Santalum freycinetianum\i0{} (\lquote{}iliahi, Santalaceae), the only record
from this genus from O\lquote{}ahu>

# \i{}Sierola hualala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 22J\endash{}L, Map 16> 3<A very distinctive species, with a large head
that is very elongate behind the eyes and compressed (EV/HE 1.3, DH/LH 0.51);
the clypeus weakly carinate, broad, and rather short but appearing elongate in
lateral view due to the long slope; and the mandibles distinctly concave
ventrally and convex externally with the ventral tooth subapical. The closest
species is \i{}S. granulosa\i0{}, which has the frons closely punctate and
strongly granular rather than more sparsely punctate and with weak
microsculpture, and mandibles orange and more nearly vertical outwardly with
more or less equal teeth rather than black and strongly convex with the second
tooth much stronger and the ventral one preapical and partially concealed>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}hualala\i0{}, curved or oval, referring to the shape of
the head. It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Pu\lquote{}u Kaua, 5 Apr 1958, \i{}Metrosideros,
\i0{}J.L. Gressitt, BPBM Type 17902> 8,5 10,5 11,4/5 12,3 13,4 14,5 15,1 17,2
18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,5 29,4 30,1 31,3 33,1 34,3 35,1
36,1 37,4 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1
66,1 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.31 75,1.07 76,0.77 77,0.51 78,1.32 79,0.89 80,1.47
81,1.57 82,2.44 83,0.40 84,2.30 85,2.38 86,1.00 90<Known only from the type,
collected from mesic forest in the Waianae range in 1958> 92<The combination of
a long head and narrow ocellar triangle gives this species one of the highest
OOL/WOT ratios of any known in the genus, at 2.44, second only to \i{}S.
gilbertae\i0{} of New Zealand>

# \i{}Sierola huapoo\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 22M\endash{}O, Map 15> 3<Belonging to the group of species with broad,
parallel-sided mandibles. Easily distinguished from all related species except
\i{}S. testaceipes\i0{} by the glabrous basal wing cells, and from the latter by
the shorter head behind the eyes and lack of ventral pubescence. The head is
strongly convex above and below, which further separates it from all others in
the group, including the similar \i{}S. nigrita\i0{}. In general appearance
close to \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{}, further differing from that and related species by
the relatively elongate, semicircular to rounded triangular clypeus, and dark
brown to black femora> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}huapo\lquote{}o\i0{}, the rounded
bones of the side of the head, referring to the strongly rounded posterior
corners of the head. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 2400', 21.5014\u176?N
158.1566\u176?W, 2 Nov 2012, on \i{}Alyxia stellata, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM
Type 17903> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,1 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,5
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,10 69,1 70,1
71,3 74,2.03 75,0.98 76,0.84 77,0.60 78,0.82 79,0.74 80,1.11 81,1.71 82,1.52
83,0.37 84,1.93 85,2.21 86,0.91 90<Known only from the type, collected from
mesic forest in the Waianae range in 2012>

# \i{}Sierola huikau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 23A\endash{}C, Map 16> 3<A rather distinct species, though the
intermediate wing setation, mandible curvature, and frons sculpture cause it to
fall out in several places in the key. Among species with a sharp clypeal carina
and black mandibles, the broad, deep head (WH/LH 0.94-0.98, DH/LH 0.63-0.66)
separates it from \i{}S. anemophila\i0{} and \i{}S. similis\i0{}, the most
similar species. It somewhat resembles \i{}S. poepoe\i0{} but that species has
the vertex and genal setae strong and elongate, and the femora entirely yellow
with the fore femur strongly expanded, much less than twice as long as wide;
\i{}S. huikau\i0{} has the hind femur characteristically with a broad median
band and the fore femur dark along the dorsal margin, and twice as long as wide
or more. The wing setation is also distinctive, with cell R mostly sparsely
setose but becoming densely setose near the apex> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}huikau\i0{}, confused or mixed-up, referring to the mix of characters that
caused this species to remain unrecognized until near the end of this project.
It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: \lquote{}\u274?kahanui, gulch 2D 2200', 21.4389\u176?N
158.0938\u176?W, 5 Aug 2014, on \i{}Neraudia melastomifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM Type 17904> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2/3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2
41,1 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,15
69,1 70,2 71,5 74,2.40 75,1.19 76,0.98 77,0.66 78,0.59 79,0.52 80,1.14 81,1.75
82,1.31 83,0.42 84,2.00 85,2.19 86,1.43 90<Known only from two recent specimens,
both taken from mesic forest in the southern Waianae range>

# \i{}Sierola ihulena\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 23D\endash{}F, Map 16> 3<A distinctive species, immediately
recognizable by the flattened head and pale, short but highly arched clypeus
which is rounded or weakly carinate dorsally. Most closely resembles \i{}S.
brevicornis\i0{}, but the head is flat ventrally rather than convex and the
clypeus is broadly convex dorsally rather than with a rounded ridge, and more
strongly arched in lateral view> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ihu lena\i0{}, yellow
nose, referring to the pale clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650', 21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 30 Aug 2018, on
\i{}Urera kaalae, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17905> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792?,
Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650', 21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 15 Jul 2014, on
\i{}Pipturus albidus, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca> 8,5 10,5 11,2 12,3/4 13,2 14,13 15,4
16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1
34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,1 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 63,2
65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.54 75,0.75 76,0.85 77,0.52 78,0.48 79,0.55
80,0.88 81,1.93 82,1.06 83,0.35 84,1.86 85,2.28 86,1.17 90<Known only from two
specimens, both collected at Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa in the southern
Wai\lquote{}anae range> 91<Both of the specimens were collected on Urticaceae,
\i{}Pipturus albidus\i0{} and \i{}Urera kaalae\i0{}, which are relatively
uncommon plants for \i{}Sierola\i0{} to be found on>

# \i{}Sierola incita\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 23G\endash{}I, Map 17> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola incita\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:119\par{}> 3<A rather nondescript species, distinguished chiefly by the
yellow mandibles and lack of any other unusual characters. Among other species
with a sharp clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells, it most closely
resembles \i{}S. punctata\i0{} and \i{}S. gracilariae\i0{}, both of which have
black mandibles. The only similar species with yellow mandibles (\i{}S.
nigra\i0{} and \i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{}) differ in having the head distinctly
broader and deeper> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo Hill
trail, 4 Apr 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 93> 8,5 10,4/5 11,4 12,2 13,2
14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,2 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,2
30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,2 61,1 63,2 65,11 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1-2 74,1.91 75,1.00 76,0.85
77,0.57 78,0.85 79,0.83 80,1.02 81,1.83 82,1.67 83,0.37 84,2.06 85,2.55 86,1.00
90<Known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast Koolau range in
1916>

# \i{}Sierola kaala\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 23J\endash{}L, Map 17> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola kaala\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:86\par{}> 3<Forms a distinctive species pair with \i{}S. fuliginosa\i0{}
based on the clypeus strongly arched but with only a sharp carina, not thin and
laminate as in the \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} complex; it also differs from that
group in having the frons punctation less dense and the lateral ocelli
distinctly separate from the vertex. Differing from \i{}S. fuliginosa\i0{} in
having the metasomal terga distinctly microreticulate dorsally, basal wing cells
clearly densely setose, mandibles broader and slightly concave ventrally, head
usually narrower (WH/LH 0.84-0.89 vs. 0.89-0.92), antennae shorter (A3 about as
long as wide), and fore femora less than twice as long as broad. The reticulate
metasoma also separates it from \i{}S. larifuga\i0{}, which is extremely similar
in the head width, fore femur, and A3. The latter species also differs in other
measures of the head, with the frons narrower (WF/HE 0.99-1.07 and OOL/WOT
1.10-1.25 compared to WF/HE 1.15-1.25 and OOL/WOT 1.25-1.46 in \i{}S.
kaala\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala
2500-3000', 22 Jul 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 30> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,1
14,9 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,2 23,4 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,5
31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,3 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1
59,3 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.20 75,1.10
76,0.86<0.85-0.89> 77,0.59<0.56-0.60> 78,0.78<0.68-0.78> 79,0.64<0.58-0.65>
80,1.22<1.18-1.27> 81,1.61<1.60-1.67> 82,1.46<1.25-1.46> 83,0.37
84,1.89<1.89-2.04> 85,2.14<2.00-2.14> 86,1.00<0.91-1.07> 88<N = 6> 90<Known from
four specimens collected in wet forest, one from Kaala in the Waianae range
and three from Poamoho in the Koolau range>

# \i{}Sierola kahuku\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 23M\endash{}O, Map 17> 3<The combination of a convex clypeus (lacking a
carina) and strongly twisted mandibles separate this species from all others.
The distinct, broadly rounded genal angle distinguishes it further> 4<From the
type locality in the northern Koolau range; also from the Hawaiian \i{}ka
huku\i0{}, the protuberance, referring to the projecting genal angle. It is a
noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Kahuku, Ko\lquote{}olau
Summit Tr 1650', 21.6344\u176?N 157.9880\u176?W, 21 May 2013, sweeping
\i{}Freycinetia arborea\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17906> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, P\u363\'3fp\u363\'3fkea, 17 Dec 1933, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Lanihuli Trail 1800', 21.3567N 157.8286W, 30 Oct 2012, on
\i{}Acacia koa, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u
H\u257\'3fpapa 2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 15 Jul 2014, on \i{}Pisonia
umbellifera, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,1 12,3/4 13,2 14,11 15,3 16,2
17,4 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,4 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,2 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1
65,12 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,2.03 75,1.00 76,0.89 77,0.56 78,0.73
79,0.59 80,1.23 81,1.69 82,1.55 83,0.40 84,1.93 85,2.07 86,1.17 90<Rare but
widespread in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges. Two of the six specimens
come from the Kahuku region of the northern Koolau range>

# \i{}Sierola kamani\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 24A\endash{}C, Map 16> 3<Belonging to a group of species with the
clypeus flat dorsally, frons smooth and shining, and the mandibles twisted, with
four teeth. Separated from similar species by the strongly polished head
(microreticulation very faint), posterior corners of the head effaced and vertex
short in dorsal view, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. The mandibles are
also of a unique structure, sharply reflexed at the level of the second tooth
and forming a sharp outward margin, V-shaped in cross-section, with the ventral
tooth largely concealed in frontal view. Only \i{}S. leiocephala\i0{} has a
similar mandible, but it has the basal wing cells densely setose and more
conspicuous microsculpture on the frons> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}kamani\i0{},
smooth, shiny, or polished, referring to the extremely smooth cuticle of the
head. It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Kukuiala Val., 16 Sep 1933, \i{}Alectryon, \i0{}O.H.
Swezey, BPBM Type 17907> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala
1200-1500', 29 Oct 1944, Beating Shrubbery, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Wai\lquote{}anae, Jul 1953, E.J. Ford, BPBM> 8,5 10,3/4 11,3 12,5 13,4 14,12
15,6 16,1 17,2 18,2 19,1 20,15 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,5 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3-4
31,4 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,1 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1
59,2 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,4 67,2 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.92 75,0.95 76,0.88 77,0.48
78,0.97 79,0.68 80,1.42 81,1.59 82,1.83 83,0.35 84,1.92 85,1.63 86,0.92 90<Rare,
known from four specimens, all from the northern Waianae range> 92<The unusual
mandible, shared with \i{}S. arpactes\i0{} and \i{}S. leiocephala\i0{}, is so
far unique in the genus and perhaps the subfamily>

# \i{}Sierola kaumuohona\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 24D\endash{}F, Map 17> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola kaumuohona\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:149\par{}> 3<Distinguished from most other species with a sharp
clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells by having the mandibles
distinctly convex externally, semicylindrical in cross section. Separated from
the closely related \i{}S. gracilariae\i0{} primarily by the less punctate frons
and less convex mandible with the teeth more or less equal in length, and from
the more distant \i{}S. nihopeku\i0{} by having the mandibles narrow and the
clypeus curved in profile> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kaumuohona, 9
Sep 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 153> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2/3 14,10 15,4
16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,1 67,5 69,3 70,1 71,1 74,1.71 75,0.80 76,0.86 77,0.56 78,0.79
79,0.74 80,1.08 81,1.79 82,1.45 83,0.40 84,2.07 85,2.35 86,1.17 90<Typically
found in the wet summit areas of both mountain ranges, but occasionally found in
mesic forest> 91<Reared from \i{}Merimnetria\i0{} sp. (Gelechiidae) in leaves of
\i{}Kadua\i0{} sp. (Rubiaceae). Since the larger shrubby species of
\i{}Kadua\i0{} were under the genus name \i{}Gouldia\i0{} at the time of the
collection, the host plant was probably \i{}K. acuminata\i0{} Cham. & Schldl.
and the host caterpillar \i{}M. thurifica\i0{} (Meyrick). Another specimen was
reared from an unspecified leaf miner in \i{}Coprosma\i0{} sp. (Rubiaceae),
possibly an undescribed \i{}Merimnetria\i0{}> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola kawala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 24G\endash{}I, Map 16> 3<In general habitus this species is similar to
\i{}S. gracilariae\i0{}, but the basal wing cells are sparsely setose, the
mandibles are slightly broader and not so convex externally, and the frons is
smooth with sparse punctation. It keys closest to \i{}S. picea\i0{}, from which
it differs by having the mandibles dark brown with the ventral tooth similar to
the others (mandibles orange-brown and ventral tooth short and subapical in
\i{}S. picea\i0{}), and head broader> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}k\u257?wala\i0{},
sparse or scattered, referring to the sparse punctation and setae of the frons.
It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea, 11 Nov 1936, Beating, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM Type 17908>
8,5 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,4 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1
25,4 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,3 46,2 47,2
48,2 49,3 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,3 69,1 70,1 71,2
74,1.77 75,0.84 76,0.86 77,0.52 78,0.87 79,0.68 80,1.27 81,1.66 82,1.53 83,0.33
84,2.09 85,2.30 86,1.00 90<Known only from a single specimen taken in the
southern Waianae range in 1936>

# \i{}Sierola kepau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 24J\endash{}L, Map 17> 3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina,
coriaceous to granular frons microsculpture, and nearly glabrous basal wing
cells, fitting close to \i{}S. similis\i0{} based on the black mandibles and
moderately deep head. Readily separated from that species by the dark brown to
black femora, along with the microreticulate metasoma, less convex dorsum of the
head, and greater OOL/WOT (1.35-1.50 vs. 1.15-1.30 in \i{}S. similis\i0{})>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}k\u275?pau\i0{}, pitch or resin, referring to the
piceous color of the legs. It is a genderless adjective in the nominative
singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea snail jail 3000',
21.4155\u176?N 158.0995\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17909> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u Kaua
summit 3050', 21.4411N 158.0989W, 30 Aug 2012, on \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,2 23,4 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2
38,3 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,5 54,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,3 63,1 65,17
66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.92 75,0.98 76,0.88 77,0.60 78,0.62 79,0.58
80,1.06 81,1.72 82,1.43 83,0.40 84,2.30 85,2.62 86,1.33 90<Rare, known only from
three specimens taken from the southern Wai\lquote{}anae range> 92<Remarkably,
although Fullaway described \i{}S. similis\i0{} under several names, he did not
have any specimens of this taxon. Furthermore, \i{}S. similis\i0{} was formerly
common but has not been found in recent collecting, while two of the three
specimens of \i{}S. kepau\i0{} are from recent collections. Nevertheless, the
differences between them are clear, perhaps indicating a shift in available host
species>

# \i{}Sierola kikiwi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 24M\endash{}O, Map 18> 3<In the species with the clypeus flat dorsally,
mandibles strongly oblique apically with reduced dorsal teeth, and vertex
straight. United with \i{}S. gracilis\i0{} in having the basal wing cells
densely setose; distinguished by the mandibles being strongly twisted, ocellar
triangle obtuse (OOL/WOT ~1.25), and the head flatter. The frons width is also
about equal to the eye height, WF/HE 0.95-1.05> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}kikiwi\i0{}, bent, referring to the twisted mandibles. It is a genderless
adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: S.
Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9 Nov 1919, E.H. Bryan, BPBM Type 17910> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792\'3f, Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 3 Jan 1932, O.H. Swezey, BPBM> 8,5 10,4
11,3 12,5 13,4 14,11 15,3 16,4 17,7 18,2 19,2 20,7 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,2
28,2 29,1 30,5-6 31,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2
49,3 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.70
75,0.81 76,0.76 77,0.49 78,0.77 79,0.83 80,0.94 81,1.83 82,1.24 83,0.36 84,2.00
85,2.20 86,1.09 90<So far known only from three specimens taken in the windward
Waianae range south of Kaala>

# \i{}Sierola kilohana\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 25A\endash{}C, Map 18> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate,
short and steep in lateral view, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; very
close to \i{}S. mahoe\i0{}, distinguished by the large, thick head with the
ocellar triangle strongly acute and the lateral ocelli distant from the vertex>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}kilohana\i0{}, lookout place, referring to the type
locality at Pu\lquote{}u Pane which commands a broad view of north and central
Oahu. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Pu\lquote{}u Pane, 18 Mar 1973, ex \i{}Pelea\i0{} [= \i{}Melicope\i0{}] fruits
(R92), D. Fujii(?), BPBM Type 17911> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, same data as
holotype, BPBM> 8,5 10,5/12 11,5 12,6 13,5 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,1 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,2/3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,4 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4
41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 62,2 63,9 65,1 66,4
67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,2.09 75,1.01 76,0.87 77,0.56 78,0.88 79,0.80 80,1.10
81,1.71 82,1.88 83,0.37 84,2.58 85,2.45 86,1.21 90<Known only from one
collection at Pu\lquote{}u Pane, east of Ka\lquote{}ala in the Wai\lquote{}anae
range> 91<Reared from fruits of\i{} Melicope\i0{} sp. (alani, Rutaceae). The
host was not specifically recorded but is almost certainly an undescribed
species of \i{}Prays\i0{} (Yponomeutidae), which is the only moth known to
attack seeds of the native Rutaceae (Zimmerman, 1978b)>

# \i{}Sierola koa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 25D\endash{}F, Map 18> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola koa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:88\par{}> 3<The broad club-like mandibles narrowing to a deep notch near
the base are unique among the O\lquote{}ahu fauna> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Tantalus, Jun 1918, swept from \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J.C.
Bridwell, BPBM Type 33> 8,5 10,3 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,16 15,4 16,2 17,4 18,2 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4
41,3 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1
69,1 70,2 71,2 74,2.23 75,1.10 76,0.81 77,0.54 78,1.06 79,0.81 80,1.32 81,1.65
82,1.81 83,0.42 84,2.17 85,2.29 86,1.13 90<Found in mid-elevation mesic forest,
mostly known from the Ko\lquote{}olau range but also recently recorded from the
Wai\lquote{}anae range> 91<Closely associated with \i{}Acacia koa\i0{} (koa);
adults found on green pods with developing seeds. Reared from koa pods with
\i{}Cryptophlebia illepida\i0{} (Tortricidae); possibly also attacking bruchid
beetle larvae infesting the same seeds. One record of rearing from coconut
leafroller, \i{}Omiodes blackburni\i0{}> 92<The head of the holotype, which
contains most of the characters, is missing. However, the paratypes from same
collection are extant, and the distinctiveness of this species means it cannot
be confused with any other. Therefore, no neotype is designated>

# \i{}Sierola koebelei\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 25G\endash{}I, Map 18> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola koebelei\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:109\par{}> 3<Similar to \i{}S. koolauensis\i0{}, but separated from that
and most other species in the group with a sharp clypeal carina and densely
setose basal wing cells by the smooth sculpture of the frons and presence of
distinct microsculpture on the metasoma. The former character is shared only
with \i{}S. poohiwi\i0{}, which has a very narrow head. The mandibles are
moderately broad but usually not strongly concave ventrally as in \i{}S.
koolauensis\i0{}, but this may not be clear> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: O\lquote{}ahu, [no date], A. Koebele, BPBM Type 75> 8,5 10,4 11,4
12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,2 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.15 75,1.10
76,0.79 77,0.55 78,0.91 79,0.81 80,1.13 81,1.69 82,1.50 83,0.36 84,2.06 85,2.60
86,1.50 90<Widespread in both mountain ranges in wet to mesic forest, but known
only from a handful of specimens>

# \i{}Sierola kolea\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 25J\endash{}L, Map 18> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened
species with the head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and
the mesosoma also compressed. Separated from most related species by having the
basal wing cells nearly glabrous and the mandibles yellow. Distinguished from
the sibling species \i{}S. planiceps\i0{} by having the clypeus evenly curved in
lateral view and the ocellar triangle broad, OOL/WOT 1.40-1.65> 4<Named for
\i{}k\u333?lea\i0{} (Myrsine spp., Primulaceae), host plant of the host
caterpillar. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Wailupe, 11 Jan 1925, ex \i{}Philodoria\i0{} in \i{}Suttonia\i0{} [=
\i{}Myrsine\i0{}], O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17912> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, on
same point as holotype, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,5 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,8 66,5
67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.81 75,0.85 76,0.91 77,0.51 78,0.70 79,0.68 80,1.03
81,1.88 82,1.44 83,0.36 84,2.12 85,2.53 86,1.20 90<Known only from one
collection of two specimens taken in the southeastern Koolau range in 1923>
91<Reared from a mine of \i{}Philodoria\i0{} sp. (Gracilariidae) in
\i{}Myrsine\i0{} sp. (k\u333?lea; Primulaceae). \i{}Philodoria\i0{} mines are
common in \i{}Myrsine lessertiana\i0{} on Oahu but the species is apparently
undescribed. The only \i{}Philodoria\i0{} recorded from \i{}Myrsine\i0{} is
\i{}P. auromagnifica\i0{} Walsingham, known only from Maui and Hawai\lquote{}i>
92<This taxon may prove to be a host race of \i{}S. planiceps\i0{}, but it
appears to be distinctive enough to warrant describing under its own name. Its
rarity is puzzling given the abundance of \i{}Philodoria\i0{} leaf mines in
\i{}Myrsine\i0{} throughout O\lquote{}ahu. Notably, nearly all of the flattened
\i{}Sierola\i0{} attacking leaf miners, including \i{}S. depressa\i0{}, \i{}S.
depressella\i0{}, \i{}S. philodoriae\i0{}, and the closely related \i{}S.
planiceps\i0{}, also have not been seen in over 90 years>

# \i{}Sierola koloa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 25M\endash{}O, Map 19> 3<Among species with broad, nearly
parallel-sided mandibles, separated by the large, elongate clypeus which is
evenly sloping in lateral view, and mandible slightly convex outwardly, with the
ventral tooth short and partially concealed behind the second tooth> 4<Named for
the \i{}koloa\i0{} (\i{}Anas wyvilliana\i0{}), the native duck, for the
duckbill-like clypeus. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257?kaha, Camp Ridge 2300', 21.5019\u176?N 158.1690\u176?W, 14
Feb 2012, beating vegetation, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17913> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, North Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au Gulch 2350', 21.5066\u176?N
158.1297\u176?W, 24 Feb 2012, on \i{}Diospyros, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792?, P\u257?l\u257?wai Gulch 2300', 21.4189\u176?N 158.0955\u176?W, 14 Jan
2015, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792?
1\u9794?, \u699?\u332?hikilolo 2900', 21.5133\u176?N 158.1937\u176?W, 2 Aug
2017, on \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,8 11,5
12,2 13,4 14,2 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,14 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,5 69,1 70,1 71,1-2 74,2.31 75,1.02 76,0.80
77,0.50 78,1.05 79,0.80 80,1.32 81,1.64 82,2.00 83,0.39 84,2.23 85,2.42 86,1.30
90<Known only from six specimens (two of them males), all from wet-mesic forest
in the Waianae range> 92<This species was initially confused with \i{}S.
tumidoventris\i0{} due to the enlarged clypeus, but the strongly convex
mandibles with a short ventral tooth are distinct from any other related
species. The wing cell setation is intermediate>

# \i{}Sierola komohana\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 26A\endash{}C, Map 19> 3<A distinctive species, immediately
recognizable among those with a weakly carinate or rounded clypeus by the
dorsally flat head, often slightly concave in lateral view. The mandibles are
also distinctly concave ventrally and the basal wing cells densely setose>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}komohana\i0{}, west, referring to the species being
known predominantly from the western Waianae range. It is a noun in apposition>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 28 Apr 1935,
\i{}Antidesma, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17914> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?,
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 1 Dec 1929, \i{}Suttonia\i0{} [=
\i{}Myrsine\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 9 Feb 1930, \i{}Pteralyxia, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650', 21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 17 May
2012, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
\lquote{}\u332?hikilolo 2900', 21.5133\u176?N 158.1930\u176?W, 5 Jun 2013, on
\i{}Wikstroemia oahuensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 May 2014, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N
158.0999\u176?W, 21 Aug 2014, on \i{}Psychotria, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 15 Apr 2015, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, sweeping ferns, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 15 Jun 2016, on
\i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 Jul 2016, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N
158.0999\u176?W, 20 Jul 2016, on \i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
2\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 29 Aug 2016, on
\i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 Oct 2016, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4155\u176?N
158.0995\u176?W, 22 Jun 2017, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
HDOA. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W, 24 Jul 2017, on
\i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4128\u176?N
158.0997\u176?W, 13 Sep 2017, on \i{}Coprosma foliosa, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH.
2\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4128\u176?N 158.0997\u176?W, 13 Sep 2017, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,2/5 11,2/3 12,4/6 13,2
14,11 15,1 16,4 17,1 18,2 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,6
31,1 33,4/5 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,2 74,1.92 75,0.91 76,0.91
77,0.55 78,0.75 79,0.69 80,1.09 81,1.80 82,1.18 83,0.39 84,2.08 85,2.32 86,1.17
90<Widespread in the Wai\lquote{}anae range, in both mesic and wet forest; one
older specimen is from the Ko\lquote{}olau range> 91<Taken on a wide variety of
plants> 92<The Koolau specimen has the clypeus slightly longer; it is
considered conspecific but is not included as a paratype>

# \i{}Sierola koolauensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 26D\endash{}F, Map 19> 2<\i{}Sierola koolauensis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:109\par{}\i{}Sierola polita\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:120 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}>
3<Separated from most species in the group with a sharp clypeal carina and
densely setose basal wing cells by the moderately broad, distinctly concave
mandibles and lack of a genal angle. Most similar to \i{}S. subcrispa\i0{};
distinguished from that species and \i{}S. yoshimotoi\i0{} by the longer head
behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.90-1.10) and short antennae, and from \i{}S.
granulosa\i0{} by the coriaceous rather than strongly granular sculpture of the
frons and by the distinctly curved clypeal carina> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: SE Ko\lquote{}olau Mts., 1916, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type 74> 8,5
10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2/3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,4 24,1
25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,1
48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1
74,1.88 75,0.99 76,0.80 77,0.54 78,1.00 79,0.85 80,1.18 81,1.65 82,1.62 83,0.35
84,2.06 85,2.17 86,1.00 90<Widespread in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges,
but much more abundant in the former. Moderately common before 1930, but only
one specimen collected recently> 91<One specimen, taken in 1924 from Lanip\u333?
by O.H. Swezey, is labelled ex lehua [= \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha\i0{},
Myrtaceae] bud moth. This is probably \i{}Carposina\i0{} new species 4
(Carposinidae) of Zimmerman (1978b), which he describes as being reared from
terminal buds of \i{}Metrosideros\i0{} by Swezey in 1925 from the neighboring
peak of Olympus. No other groups of moths are known to feed on
\i{}Metrosideros\i0{} buds> 92<Separated from \i{}S. polita\i0{} by Fullaway
based on being more shiny, but examination of the types shows that they are
essentially the same, and if anything \i{}S. koolauensis\i0{} is more dull>

# \i{}Sierola kumene\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 26G\endash{}I, Map 19> 3<This unique species cannot be confused with
any other, with its flat, extremely broad mandibles, expanded from the base, and
massive head with a short, usually truncate clypeus> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}k\u363?mene\i0{}, flat-nosed, referring to the extremely unusual shape of
the mandibles. It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Kahauiki, 7 Nov 1926, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type
17915> 6<Paratypes: 2\u9792\'3f 3\u9794\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia
Tr. 2100', 21.5334N 158.1764W, 21 Feb 2010, sweeping, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5328N 158.1765W,
4 Jun 2015, on \i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,5/12 11,5
12,2 13,4/5 14,19 15,1 16,3 17,5 18,1 19,1 20,11 21,2 22,4 23,3 24,1 25,1 26,1
28,5 29,4 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,4 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,3
53,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.05 75,0.91
76,0.99 77,0.64 78,1.12 79,0.68 80,1.64 81,1.48 82,1.83 83,0.42 84,2.42 85,2.55
86,1.09 90<One older specimen from the south-central Koolau range, otherwise
known only from Kapuna and Pahole gulches in the northern Waianae range>
91<Unknown, but most collections are from February, presumably relating to its
host\rquote{}s activity period>

# \i{}Sierola kumumu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 26J\endash{}L, Map 20> 3<Part of the complex of unusual species with
the mandibles bent down at the base and the clypeus prominent, large relative to
the head, and semicircular, rounded dorsally and sometimes weakly carinate. The
sparsely setose basal wing cells also distinguish it from others with bent
mandibles except for \i{}S. alelo\i0{}, which has the clypeus flat dorsally,
mandibles and all femora black, and ocellar triangle right> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}k\u363?m\u363?m\u363?\i0{}, blunt or obtuse, referring to the projecting,
rounded clypeus. It is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Tantalus, 7 Nov 1920, O.H. Swezey, BPBM
Type 17916> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Palikea trail 2700', 21.4102\u176?N
158.0986\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W, 10 Jan 2017, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
\u699?\u332?hikilolo 2900', 21.5133\u176?N 158.1937\u176?W, 2 Aug 2017, on
\i{}Metrosideros polymorpha, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,4
13,4/11 14,13 15,5 16,4 17,5 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,6 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 55,2 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,13 66,6 67,1/15 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.65 75,0.88
76,0.84 77,0.55 78,0.57 79,0.59 80,0.97 81,1.88 82,1.05 83,0.42 84,2.08 85,2.60
86,1.40 90<Known only from six specimens, the type from Tantalus in the Koolau
range and the rest from across the Waianae range> 92<The specimens vary more
than usual in size, but do not appear to exhibit any structural differences.
However, the type has the legs all yellow, while the five recent specimens have
the hind femur dark brown but the fore femur yellow except along the dorsal
margin>

# \i{}Sierola kunihi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 26M\endash{}O, Map 20> 3<This species does not appear to be closely
related to any others and is somewhat intermediate between other species groups,
but is instantly recognizable by the carinate vertex, which is slightly sinuate
around the ocelli in dorsal view. The head is also unusual in being strongly
convex dorsally but slightly concave ventrally between the deepest part of the
gena and the mandibles in lateral view> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}k\u363?nihi\i0{}, ridge of a precipice, referring to the sharply carinate
vertex and vertical occiput. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 29 Oct 2014, on
\i{}Labordia kaalae, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17917> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 28 Dec 1919, in \i{}Smilax\i0{} twig, F.X.
Williams, HDOA> 8,5 10,3 11,1 12,1 13,1 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,1 24,2 25,2 26,7 28,6 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,3 36,3 37,1 41,3 42,3
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,2 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,15 69,2 70,1
71,1-2 74,2.50 75,1.21 76,0.99 77,0.59 78,0.60 79,0.45 80,1.32 81,1.63 82,1.29
83,0.43 84,1.94 85,2.19 86,1.23 90<Known from only three specimens collected in
wet forest in the Waianae range> 92<The strongly carinate, sinuate vertex is so
far unique in the genus. Remarkably, a nearly identical feature is found in an
apparently undescribed alien \i{}Goniozus\i0{} discovered in Hawai\lquote{}i>

# \i{}Sierola langfordi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 27A\endash{}C, Map 19> 2<\i{}Sierola langfordi\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:153\par{}\i{}Sierola curiosa\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:156 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging to the large cluster of species with a convex to
weakly carinate clypeus and narrow to moderately broad mandibles which are
parallel-sided to slightly concave ventrally. Readily distinguished from all
other taxa by the short, broad, truncate clypeus. Further separated from the
\i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} complex by the smoother frons microsculpture, sparsely
setose basal wing cells, and broader front femur> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1300', 1-2 Nov 1905, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 161> 8,5
10,6 11,5 12,6 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2
53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,2.05
75,1.08 76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.80 79,0.71 80,1.13 81,1.71 82,1.67 83,0.37 84,2.00
85,2.15 86,1.00 90<Very rare, known from six specimens taken in the southeastern
Koolau range. Last collected in 1916> 92<Fullaway (1920) separated \i{}S.
curiosa\i0{} based on the mandibles of the latter supposedly being narrower, but
they are virtually identical. Both share the unique transverse clypeus, not seen
in any other Hawaiian species>

# \i{}Sierola lanihuliana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 27D\endash{}F, Map 20> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola lanihuliana\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:120\par{}> 3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and
densely setose basal wing cells, readily recognized by the slightly twisted
mandibles, easily seen in lateral view. Distinguished from the related \i{}S.
suttoniae\i0{} by the hyaline wings and usually brownish mandibles, and the
clypeal carina always distinctly sharp> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Lanihuli, 3 Sep 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 96> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2
14,10 15,2 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1
59,1 61,2 63,2 65,1 66,3 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.88 75,0.92 76,0.88
77,0.59 78,0.83 79,0.73 80,1.14 81,1.81 82,1.38 83,0.43 84,2.30 85,2.80 86,1.14
90<Uncommon but widespread in both the Waianae and Koolau ranges, primarily in
wet forest but extending into the mesic zone> 92<The holotype was incorrectly
recorded by Fullaway (1920) as being from 1913; the label clearly shows 1916,
the types of \i{}S. spicata\i0{} and \i{}S. lacessita\i0{} were also collected
on 3 Sep 1916 from Lanihuli, and there are no other Timberlake collections from
1913 (he was apparently not in the islands then). Two unusually small specimens
at HDOA are tentatively assigned to this species; both are on the margins of the
expected morphometric variation, which may be due to their size or because they
represent a distinct taxon>

# \i{}Sierola lapuu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 27G\endash{}I, Map 20> 3<One of a handful of species with a strong,
prominent genal angle and deep, distinct postgenal depression. Separated from
others with this character by the relatively narrow, compressed head (WH/LH
0.87, DH/LH 0.55) and unusual setation of cell R of the fore wing, which is
mostly glabrous but with a dense patch of setae near the apex. These characters
also serve to separate it from \i{}S. fossulata\i0{}, to which it is most
similar in general appearance> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}l\u257?pu\lquote{}u\i0{},
arched or hunched over, referring to the strongly convex head. It is a
genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257?noa Cliffs Trail 1700', 21.3341\u176?N 157.8103\u176?W, 21
Jan 2013, sweeping \i{}Freycinetia arborea\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17918>
6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, Lanihuli Trail 1800', 21.3567N 157.8286W, 30 Oct
2012, on \i{}Acacia koa, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,3/4 13,2/4
14,12 15,1 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4
31,1 33,2 34,1 35,3 36,1 37,6 41,5 42,1 44,3 46,4 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1
59,1 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,4 74,1.76 75,0.89 76,0.87 77,0.55
78,0.71 79,0.65 80,1.09 81,1.76 82,1.04 83,0.41 84,1.72 85,2.00 86,1.00 90<Known
only from two specimens collected in the southeastern Koolau range>

# \i{}Sierola lateralis\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 27M\endash{}O, Map 20> 3<Belonging to the broader \i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}
complex based on the head being very broad, weakly convex dorsally and strongly
convex ventrally, with a short clypeus. Readily separated from others in the
group by the moderately broad mandibles which are only weakly concave ventrally.
The head is distinctly wider than long and the mandibles are pale yellow-white,
traits found in only a few species. Overall most similar to \i{}S. peleleu\i0{},
which has a more prominent clypeus with a sharp dorsal carina, distinctly
concave mandibles, and coriaceous frons microsculpture> 4<Named for the
extremely broad head. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Kalena east ridge 3100', 21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Jun
2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17919> 8,5
10,2 11,1 12,4 13,5 14,4 15,1 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4
26,1 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,3 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1
53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,11 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.86
75,0.94 76,1.04 77,0.63 78,0.57 79,0.50 80,1.14 81,1.79 82,1.09 83,0.42 84,2.00
85,2.36 86,1.17 90<Known only from the holotype, collected near the wet summit
of Pu\lquote{}u Kalena in the Wai\lquote{}anae range>

# \i{}Sierola laupapa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 28A\endash{}C, Map 21> 3<Part of a complex of species lacking a clypeal
carina, with the mandibles falcate and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Closely
related to \i{}S. beardsleyi\i0{} and \i{}S. curvata\i0{}, with a flat clypeus
(not tapered and rounded at the sides as in \i{}S. anthracina\i0{}), evenly
curved in profile, and the genal angle not particularly prominent. Distinguished
by the combination of a long, compressed head, broad fore femur (less than twice
as long as wide), and flattened pronotum which is strongly angulate anteriorly.
It is also found at the coast and lowlands, in contrast to the other species
which are found in montane forests> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}laupapa\i0{}, a
broad flat expanse of land, referring to the type locality of the \lquote{}Ewa
coral plain, and to the flat clypeus. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: \lquote{}Ewa, Dec 1961, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 17920>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, \lquote{}Ewa, 8 Mar 1961, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM.
1\u9792?, \lquote{}Ewa, 24 Jun 1964, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Ka\lquote{}ena Point 15', 21.5748\u176?N 158.2758\u176?W, 13-15 Apr 2016,
pitfall trap, P. Krushelnycky, UHIM. 1\u9792?, Ka\lquote{}ena Point 15',
21.5748\u176?N 158.2758\u176?W, 13 Apr 2015, vegetation sweeping, P.
Krushelnycky, UHIM. 7\u9792? 4\u9794?, Lualualei, Halona Valley 1280',
21.4261\u176?N 158.1030\u176?W, 27 Sep 2019, N.L. Evenhuis, yellow pan trap,
BPBM. 1\u9794?, Lualualei, Halona Valley 1280', 21.4261\u176?N 158.1030\u176?W,
27 Sep 2019, N.L. Evenhuis, on \i{}Sapindus oahuensis\i0{}, BPBM> 8,5 10,3 11,3
12,5 13,2 14,10 15,2 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,4 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,7 41,5 42,1 44,3 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,2 55,3
56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,11 66,3 67,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.51 75,0.85
76,0.79 77,0.50 78,1.00 79,0.83 80,1.20 81,1.72 82,1.43 83,0.40 84,1.69 85,2.20
86,0.83 90<Known from coastal areas of the Wai\lquote{}anae range, at
\lquote{}Ewa and Ka\lquote{}ena Point, and in lowland dry-mesic forest in
Lualualei Valley>

# \i{}Sierola leiocephala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 28D\endash{}F, Map 21> 3<Belonging to a group of species with the
clypeus flat dorsally, frons smooth and shining, and the mandibles apparently
twisted. The mandibles are actually V-shaped in cross-section, reflexed
ventrally with a distinct ventral tooth as in \i{}S. kamani\i0{}. Separated from
that and other similar species by the more conspicuous microreticulation of the
frons, head flat behind the eyes, posterior corners of the head effaced and
vertex short in dorsal view, and basal wing cells densely setose> 4<From the
Greek \i{}leio\i0{}, smooth, and \i{}kephalon\i0{}, head, referring to the
polished frons. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
North Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au Gulch 2350', 21.5066\u176?N 158.1297\u176?W, 24
Feb 2012, on \i{}Psychotria, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17921> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792\'3f, Pe\lquote{}ahin\u257\'3fi\lquote{}a Tr. 2100', 21.5525N
157.9532W, 8 Apr 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM>
8,5 10,4 11,4 12,5 13,4 14,12 15,6 16,4 17,2 18,2 19,1 20,15 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,4 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,4 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,2 44,1 45,2 46,3
47,1 48,2 53,3 56,3 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
74,1.79 75,0.83 76,0.83 77,0.48 78,0.78 79,0.66 80,1.19 81,1.68 82,1.44 83,0.36
84,1.88 85,1.76 86,0.85 90<Known from two recent specimens, one from each
mountain range>

# \i{}Sierola levis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 28G\endash{}I, Map 21> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola levis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:84\par{}> 3<A very distinctive species with a narrow head, prominent and
rather sharp genal angle, no clypeal carina, and narrow mandibles, almost
straight in ventral view, with minute indistinct teeth> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1500', 22 Dec 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 26> 8,5 10,3
11,3 12,4 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,6 18,1 19,4 20,6 21,4 22,4 23,10 24,1 25,4
26,1 27,2 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,3 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,6 41,4 42,3 44,2 46,4 47,1
48,3 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 74,1.71
75,0.94 76,0.68 77,0.55 78,1.12 79,1.12 80,1.00 81,1.88 82,1.85 83,0.37 84,2.17
85,3.00 86,1.67 90<Known exclusively from the southeastern Koolau range east of
Lanihuli, mainly the Tantalus area. By numbers it is one of the more abundant
species in collections (in part because males are easily identifiable), but was
last taken in 1959> 92<The type has faded to brown, but other specimens show
clearly that the body color is black as indicated in the original description>

# \i{}Sierola luteipes\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 28J\endash{}L, Map 21> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola luteipes\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:123\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad, nearly parallel-sided
mandibles, a short, steeply curved clypeus, frons microsculpture coriaceous, and
sparsely setose basal wing cells. Together with \i{}S. aspera\i0{}, separated
from related species by the more compact head, with a narrow frons subequal to
the eye height and shorter behind the eyes (WF/HE 0.95-1.05, EV/HE 0.70-0.85,
OOL/WOT 1.40-1.60). Distinguished from \i{}S. aspera\i0{} by the entirely yellow
legs and more elongate, curved clypeus in lateral view. The clypeus is also
distinctly carinate, unlike \i{}S. affinis\i0{} and \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{} which
usually appear weakly carinate> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
P\u257\'3flolo Valley, 3 Sep 1906, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 101> 8,5 10,5 11,4
12,2 13,2/5 14,4 15,1 16,4 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,1 26,1
28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,3
54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.68 75,0.84
76,0.87 77,0.59 78,0.73 79,0.74 80,0.98 81,1.86 82,1.55 83,0.40 84,2.00 85,2.40
86,1.17 90<Known from only two specimens, both taken in the southeastern Koolau
range>

# \i{}Sierola mahiai\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 28M\endash{}O, Map 21> 3<Close to \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} and \i{}S.
manono\i0{} in having the clypeus weakly carinate, basal wing cells densely
setose, and mandibles convex outwardly. Readily separated from those species by
the less dense frons punctation, and head more quadrate. Superficially similar
to \i{}S. pembertoni\i0{}, but that species has a sharp clypeal carina and the
mandibles nearly flat> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}mahi \lquote{}ai\i0{},
agriculture, referring to the discovery of this species in the Hawaii Department
of Agriculture collection. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo, 8 Sep 1912, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 17922> 8,5
10,4/5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,3 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2/4 24,1
25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1
48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.79 75,0.85
76,0.85 77,0.58 78,0.76 79,0.74 80,1.03 81,1.76 82,1.50 83,0.34 84,2.17 85,2.50
86,1.00 90<Known only from the type, collected in the southeastern Koolau range
in 1912>

# \i{}Sierola mahoe\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 29A\endash{}C, Map 22> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate,
short and steep in lateral view, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; close to
\i{}S. kilohana\i0{}, but readily distinguished by the small head, narrowed
anteriorly, with the ocellar triangle distinctly obtuse and lateral ocelli close
to the vertex. Very similar to \i{}S. weawea\i0{}, separated only by the fully
closed cell 2R1 and OOL/WOT slightly smaller (~1.45 vs. 1.55\endash{}1.75)>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u257?hoe\i0{}, twin, referring to the close similarity
of this species to \i{}S. kilohana\i0{} and \i{}S. weawea\i0{}, and to the
occurrence of the two definitive specimens from opposite mountain ranges. It is
a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Peacock Flats 1800', 18
Aug 1988, J. Strazanac & C.J. Fritzler, BPBM Type 17923> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792\'3f, Poamoho Trail, 6 Oct 1965, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,5 10,5/12 11,5
12,6 13,2/3 14,13 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,2 26,1
28,2 29,1 30,5-6 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,4 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,3
53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 62,2 63,9 65,14 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.65
75,0.76 76,0.89 77,0.58 78,0.90 79,0.76 80,1.17 81,1.71 82,1.44 83,0.33 84,2.00
85,2.22 86,1.00 90<Known only from two specimens, one in the northern Koolau
range and one in the northern Waianae. A third specimen from the southern
Waianae may also be this species, but is damaged>

# \i{}Sierola makaha\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 29D\endash{}F, Map 22> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate,
short and steep in lateral view, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous; separated
from \i{}S. pulchra\i0{} by the more distinct sculpture of the head and
metasoma, and overall darker coloration> 4<Named for the type locality,
M\u257?kaha Valley in the leeward Wai\lquote{}anae range. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257?kaha, unit 1 2300',
21.5012\u176?N 158.1678\u176?W, 7 Nov 2013, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17924> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, M\u257\'3fkaha,
unit 1 2300', 21.5012N 158.1678W, 7 Nov 2013, on \i{}Alyxia stellata,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr.
2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 19 Nov 2014, on \i{}Nestegis sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2/3 13,5 14,10 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,2 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,4 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,1 62,2 63,8
65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.87 75,0.89 76,0.88 77,0.55 78,0.77 79,0.75
80,1.03 81,1.83 82,1.31 83,0.36 84,2.22 85,2.60 86,1.60 90<Known only from four
specimens, all from M\u257?kaha and Wai\lquote{}anae valleys in the leeward
Wai\lquote{}anae range> 92<This appears to be the Wai\lquote{}anae sister taxon
of \i{}S. pulchra\i0{}. See notes under that species>

# \i{}Sierola malino\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 29G\endash{}I, Map 22> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad,
nearly parallel-sided mandibles and a short, steeply curved clypeus. Separated
from related species by the broad frons, distinctly greater than the eye height
and shorter behind the eyes (WF/HE 1.25-1.35, EV/HE 1.00-1.15, OOL/WOT
1.60-1.85). Very similar to \i{}S. affinis\i0{} and \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{},
distinguished by the smooth to fine microsculpture of the frons with punctation
not dense between the eyes, clypeus more elongate and rounded in dorsal view,
and metasoma covered with distinct microsculpture, at least apically> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}malino\i0{}, smooth and unwrinkled, referring to the reduced
microsculpture of the head compared to \i{}S. pygmaea\i0{}. It is a genderless
adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 18 May 1920, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17925> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, P\u257\'3flolo, 24 Jun 1917, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Pe\lquote{}ahin\u257\'3fi\lquote{}a Tr. 2100', 21.5525N 157.9532W, 2 Nov 2016,
on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,2 15,1
16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,3 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,1
63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7/15 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,2 74,2.37 75,1.10 76,0.84 77,0.59
78,1.11 79,0.84 80,1.32 81,1.62 82,1.77 83,0.40 84,2.26 85,2.35 86,1.33 90<Rare,
known from three specimens across the Koolau range and one from the Waianae>

# \i{}Sierola mandibularis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 29J\endash{}L, Map 22> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola mandibularis\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:105\par{}> 3<One of only a few species with a carinate clypeus
and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells to also have a distinct genal
angle and smooth frons microsculpture. Separated from \i{}S. glabra\i0{} and
\i{}S. extensa\i0{} by the moderately punctate frons, and from \i{}S.
brunneipennis\i0{} by the narrower head and almost completely glabrous basal
wing cells. The strongly rounded posterior corners of the head and slightly
concave pronotum (as seen in lateral view) are also very distinctive and
distinguish it from nearly all other species> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus, 15 Jul 1916, collected on Pauoa side of Tantalus, J.C.
Bridwell, BPBM Type 67> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,1 41,2 42,1 44,3 45,4 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1
66,1 67,9 68,3 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.73 75,0.89 76,0.82 77,0.56 78,0.79 79,0.75
80,1.05 81,1.75 82,1.20 83,0.38 84,1.87 85,2.14 86,1.00 90<Found in wet-mesic
forest in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges. Rare, known from only five
specimens; last collected in 1918> 92<Possibly a synonym of \i{}S. glabra\i0{},
differing primarily in the frons punctation>

# \i{}Sierola mandibulata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 29M\endash{}O, Map 22> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola mandibulata\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:130\par{}> 3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and
densely setose basal wing cells, distinguished from most others by the convex or
slightly twisted mandibles (the distinction is blurred in this species) and
largely yellow to yellow-brown coloration. Superficially similar to \i{}S.
aristoteliae\i0{}, from which it can be distinguished by the less dense frons
punctation and smoother microsculpture. Structurally closest to \i{}S.
olena\i0{}, but differing in having the head entirely brown to black and
outwardly convex mandibles and ocellar triangle right rather than strongly
acute> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Niu Ridge, 10 Feb 1918, P.H.
Timberlake, BPBM Type 115> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2/3 14,10 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,4 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 62,3 63,4 64,6
65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.86 75,0.93 76,0.88 77,0.59 78,0.74 79,0.66
80,1.12 81,1.68 82,1.32 83,0.35 84,2.00 85,2.63 86,1.17 90<Rare, known from only
about five specimens, mostly from wetter locations in both the Koolau and
Waianae ranges> 92<This species is structurally very similar to \i{}S.
olena\i0{}, but the color difference between them appears to correlate with the
subtle differences in the mandibles and the ocellar triangle (strongly acute in
\i{}S. olena\i0{}, right in \i{}S. mandibulata\i0{}), so they are maintained as
distinct. One specimen at BPBM (11 Nov 1926) appears to be this species, but is
entirely black>

# \i{}Sierola manoa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 30A\endash{}C, Map 22> 2<\i{}Sierola manoa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:131\par{}\i{}Sierola abusa\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:136 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola kaalensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:139 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, somewhat
strongly arched clypeal carina, basal wing cells sparsely setose, genal angle
absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs predominantly
yellow. Separated from most similar species by the yellow mandibles which are
parallel-sided or only weakly concave ventrally, frons densely punctate between
the eyes, and head deep. Very similar to \i{}S. urerae\i0{}, distinguished by
having the frons setae elongate, vertex and genal setae somewhat differentiated,
clypeus strongly arched in lateral view, head slightly less deep (DH/LH
0.60-0.62 vs. 0.62-0.65), and fore femora broader (FL/FW ~2.20 vs. ~2.40). Also
similar to \i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{}, separated by the sparse setation of the wing
cells and broader hind femora (HFL/HFW 2.55-2.90 vs. 2.20-2.45 in \i{}S.
tenebriosa\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257\'3fnoa Ridge, 13
Feb 1917, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 118> 8,5 10,4 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,3 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2
35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1
65,1 66,6 67,4 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.05 75,1.04 76,0.90 77,0.61 78,0.58 79,0.56
80,1.04 81,1.80 82,1.14 83,0.42 84,2.19 85,2.71 86,1.29 90<Rare, known only from
a handful of specimens from the southeastern Koolau range and two from Kaala.
Last collected in 1924> 91<Two specimens were reared from \i{}Udea dryadopa\i0{}
(Meyrick) (Crambidae) on \i{}Scaevola glabra\i0{} (\lquote{}ohe naupaka,
Goodeniaceae). However, it is unlikely this is the typical host, since \i{}Sc.
glabra\i0{} is uncommon on Oahu and does not occur in most of the places where
\i{}S. manoa\i0{} has been collected.> 92<Synonym of \i{}S. abusa\i0{} and
\i{}S. kaalensis\i0{}, which were separated by Fullaway based on the frons
microsculpture and mandible width; the types are nearly identical in these
characters and all others. See comments under \i{}S. similis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola manono\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 30D\endash{}F, Map 23> 3<Nearly identical to \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{}
aside from color, with the frons densely punctate, head setae very short,
mandibles moderately broad, and basal wing cells densely setose. Differing in
being all black, the head slightly wider, and the mandibles with only three
teeth, the ventral one notched> 4<Named for the endemic shrub \i{}manono\i0{}
(\i{}Kadua affinis\i0{}, Rubiaceae), from which the type series was reared. It
is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Waimano Trail,
Ko\lquote{}olau Mts. 725 m, 23 Sep 1972, Emerged 3.X.1972 from Lepidopteran gall
on twig terminals of \i{}Gouldia terminalis\i0{} [= \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{}],
W.C. Gagn\u233?, BPBM Type 17926> 6<Paratypes: 10\u9792\'3f 2\u9794\'3f, same
data as holotype, BPBM> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,3 14,4 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2
20,13 21,2 22,4 23,6 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4 31,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2
41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1-3
67,5 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.87 75,0.95 76,0.92 77,0.64 78,0.74 79,0.63 80,1.18
81,1.70 82,1.50 83,0.43 84,2.15 85,2.45 86,1.00 90<Known only from one series
taken in the central Koolau range> 91<Reared from unknown lepidopteran galls in
\i{}Kadua affinis\i0{}, probably \i{}Merimnetria\i0{} sp> 92<The presence of
only three distinct teeth on the otherwise-unmodified mandible is extremely
unusual. The notched ventral tooth has not been observed in any other species.
It is obviously very closely related to \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{}, and probably
the result of specialization on related moths that both attack \i{}Kadua
affinis\i0{}. \i{}Merimnetria elegantior\i0{} attacks the fruits, from which
\i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} has been reared; \i{}M. homoxyla\i0{} in the
Ko\lquote{}olau range and \i{}M. xylospila\i0{} in the Wai\lquote{}anae range
make stem galls, from which \i{}S. manono\i0{} was reared. The difference in the
mandibles is presumably related to how they enter the caterpillar\rquote{}s
refuge. However, unusually dark specimens of \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} have been
reared from \i{}M. homoxyla\i0{} stem galls>

# \i{}Sierola minuscula\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 30G\endash{}I, Map 23> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola minuscula\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:128\par{}> 3<Distinguished from most other species with a sharp
clypeal carina, sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells, and rounded gena
by the shining frons with smooth microsculpture and typical punctation 1-2 pit
widths apart. Separated from the closely related \i{}S. pipturi\i0{} by the
narrow hind femur (HFL/HFW ~2.75 vs 1.90-2.10), shorter head (OOL/WOT 1.10-1.40
vs. 1.55-1.75), lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex, and mandibles nearly
parallel-sided or only slightly concave ventrally> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 11 Aug 1912, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 112>
8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,12 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,2
25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1
48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,5/15 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.61
75,0.79 76,0.88 77,0.55 78,0.76 79,0.72 80,1.05 81,1.79 82,1.12 83,0.38 84,2.08
85,2.76 86,1.20 90<Widespread but rare in both the Waianae and Koolau ranges.
Known only from 10 specimens, last collected in 1936> 91<Possibly associated
with \i{}Pisonia\i0{} (p\u257?pala k\u275?pau, Nyctaginaceae); one rearing
record \ldblquote{}ex cocoons on \i{}Pisonia\i0{} leaf\rdblquote{} but no host
given> 92<See comments under \i{}S. pipturi\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola montana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 30J\endash{}L, Map 23> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola montana\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:85\par{}> 3<Clypeus convex dorsally, basal wing cells nearly glabrous,
mandibles with normal teeth; distinctive among the O\lquote{}ahu species by the
very deep head, triangular in lateral view and dorsally strongly convex. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. rocki\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i, differing only in the
slightly narrower mandible, deeper postgenal depression, and shorter pubescence
of the head and pronotum> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala 2500-3000', 22 Jul 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 28> 8,5 10,4
11,4 12,4 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1
28,1 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,4 37,6 39,3 41,5 42,4 44,1 45,3 46,4 47,1
48,3 49,3 53,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,3
74,1.83 75,0.85 76,0.96 77,0.67 78,0.65 79,0.52 80,1.24 81,1.63 82,1.27 83,0.48
84,2.32 85,2.55 86,1.33 90<Known only from two specimens taken in the
Wai\lquote{}anae range in wet to wet-mesic forest. Last collected in 1938>

# \i{}Sierola neoarmata\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 30M\endash{}O, Map 23> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a
prominent flattened clypeus and the mandibles bent down at the base. Separated
from \i{}S. alelo\i0{} and \i{}S. kumumu\i0{} by the narrow head. Very similar
to \i{}S. armata\i0{}, differing in having all mandible teeth similar, the malar
space short (1/4-1/3 as long as basal mandible width), and the head deeper with
a broader frons and shorter behind the eyes (DH/LH 0.48-0.51, WH/WF 1.73-1.91,
OOL/WOT 1.40-1.60 compared to 0.42-0.46, 1.94-2.12, and 1.59-1.75 respectively
in \i{}S. armata\i0{})> 4<Named for the close similarity to \i{}S. armata\i0{}>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 1 Dec 1929,
\i{}Suttonia\i0{} [= \i{}Myrsine\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17927>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, S. Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9 Nov 1919, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, S. Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, Breeder Flats 2100', 21.4983N
158.1301W, 22 Apr 2015, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,8 13,11 14,12 15,5 16,2 17,5 18,2 19,2 20,1 21,2 22,4
23,2 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1
71,1 74,1.76 75,0.91 76,0.73<0.67-0.74> 77,0.49<0.48-0.51> 78,0.83<0.82-0.89>
79,0.79<0.79-0.89> 80,1.00<1.00-1.06> 81,1.84<1.79-1.91> 82,1.40<1.40-1.60>
83,0.44 84,2.00<2.00-2.17> 85,2.45<2.36-2.93> 86,1.00 88<N = 3> 90<Known only
from three specimens, two from Haleauau Gulch in the central Waianae range>
92<Apparently a narrow geographic segregate, restricted to a part of the
southern Waianae range. Its similar sister species, \i{}S. armata\i0{}, is
uncommon but widespread in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges. See \i{}S.
rostrata\i0{} for another example>

# \i{}Sierola nigra\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 31A\endash{}C, Map 23> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nigra\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:131\par{}> 3<Belonging to the large group of species with the basal wing
cells densely setose, clypeus carinate and evenly curved, and mandibles narrow
and parallel-sided to slightly concave ventrally without any modifications.
Forming a closely related complex with \i{}S. anemophila\i0{} and \i{}S.
tenebriosa\i0{}, denoted by the broad, deep head (WH/LH 0.87-0.94, DH/LH
0.59-0.66) which is strongly convex ventrally. Separated from those species by
the polished metasoma, relatively weak frons microsculpture, and combination of
moderately broad fore femora and narrow hind femora> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 11 Aug 1912, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 117> 8,5
10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,10 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3-4 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,4 44,1 46,3
47,1 48,3 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2
71,1 74,1.76 75,0.92 76,0.93 77,0.60 78,0.67 79,0.60 80,1.12 81,1.70 82,1.07
83,0.39 84,2.03 85,2.89 86,2.00 90<Known only from the holotype, taken at
Kaala> 92<See comments under \i{}S. anemophila\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola nigrita\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 31D\endash{}F, Map 24> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nigrita\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:120\par{}> 3<Separated from most species with broad, parallel-sided
mandibles by having the clypeus evenly curved in lateral view and the head
relatively short behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.80-0.93). The latter character readily
separates it from \i{}S. striata\i0{}, with which it may be confused by the
gentle curve of the clypeus. The basal wing cells are also sparsely setose,
though the setae are more widely scattered than usual which may confuse the
observer. It keys closest to \i{}S. perottetiae\i0{}, which is distinctly
different in appearance with a strongly curved, usually recurved clypeus, and
broader fore femora> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
\u699?\u332?pae\u699?ula, 30 Mar 1913, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 97> 8,5 10,3
11,3 12,2 13,2/4 14,1 15,1 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,2 47,2 48,2
53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,5 69,2 70,2 71,1-2 74,1.63
75,0.83 76,0.84<0.79-0.84> 77,0.57<0.55-0.58> 78,0.83<0.80-0.93>
79,0.77<0.72-0.83> 80,1.07<1.07-1.14> 81,1.73<1.69-1.77> 82,1.80<1.72-1.88>
83,0.37 84,2.00<2.00-2.10> 85,2.30<2.23-2.35> 86,0.86<0.77-1.00> 88<N = 9>
90<Relatively common in early collections from the southeastern Koolau range,
but only two specimens known from the Waianae range (one recent)> 91<There is
one collection of four individuals from \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, in ripe pods,
suggesting it is associated with caterpillars feeding on the seeds>

# \i{}Sierola nihopeku\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 31G\endash{}I, Map 23> 3<Distinguished from most other species with a
sharp clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells by having the mandibles
strongly convex externally, with the second tooth prominent and the ventral one
subapical and partly concealed by the curvature. Separated from the species pair
\i{}S. gracilariae\i0{} and \i{}S. kaumuohona\i0{} by having the mandibles
broader and the reduced ventral tooth, and the clypeus nearly straight in
profile> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}niho peku\i0{}, a new tooth coming up through
the gums, referring to the small ventral tooth that is partially behind the
second tooth. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Tantalus, 6 Nov 1957, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 17928> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f,
M\u257\'3fnoa Cliffs Trail, 26 Oct 1919, W.M. Giffard, HDOA> 8,5 10,3/4 11,2
12,2 13,4 14,4 15,4 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,14 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1
29,3 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 55,2
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,2 65,1 66,2 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.15 75,1.02
76,0.86 77,0.57 78,0.97 79,0.77 80,1.27 81,1.66 82,1.90 83,0.40 84,2.31 85,2.42
86,1.33 90<Known only from the holotype and one other specimen, both taken at
Tantalus in the southeastern Koolau range> 92<The mandibles of this species are
quite distinctive and it should be easily recognizable>

# \i{}Sierola nitens\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 31J\endash{}L, Map 24> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nitens\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:148\par{}> 3<Immediately recognizable by the very short clypeus, vertical
in profile with a high, rounded brow. This character is so far unique among
\i{}Sierola\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala
2500', 4 Mar 1917, on \i{}Pelea clusiaefolia\i0{} [= \i{}Melicope
clusiifolia\i0{}], P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 152> 8,5 10,6 11,2 12,5 13,9 14,14
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,10 24,1 25,6 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1
33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,3 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,6 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,1.71 75,0.73 76,0.88 77,0.61 78,0.76
79,0.72 80,1.06 81,1.75 82,1.08 83,0.41 84,2.40 85,3.15 86,1.40 90<Common in wet
forest around the summits of Kaala and Palikea in the Waianae range, and close
to the Koolau crestline> 91<Taken on a wide variety of plants, but most
abundantly on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum\i0{}, \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{}, and
\i{}Melicope\i0{} sp>

# \i{}Sierola nuda\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 31M\endash{}O, Map 24> 2<\i{}Sierola nuda\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:157\par{}\i{}Sierola williamsi\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:138 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and densely setose
basal wing cells, this species is readily distinguished by the sparse punctation
of the frons and round head in dorsal view. The mandibles are also slightly
twisted> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Kuli\lquote{}ou\lquote{}ou, 12
Jul 1918, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 170> 8,5 10,5 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,12/13 15,2
16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 49,3 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1-3 67,1/11 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.58 75,0.78 76,0.87
77,0.59 78,0.77 79,0.68 80,1.14 81,1.70 82,1.36 83,0.38 84,2.17 85,2.37 86,1.20
90<Known only from three definitive specimens, the holotypes of \i{}S. nuda\i0{}
and \i{}S. williamsi\i0{} from the Ko\lquote{}olau range and one additional
specimen from Ka\lquote{}ala. Last collected in 1920> 91<One male reared from
\i{}Caloptilia mabaella\i0{} and included as a paratype of \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{} may be this species. However, while it is clearly not \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{}, its identity cannot be definitively established> 92<Senior
synonym of \i{}S. williamsi\i0{}. The only other specimen in collections is
significantly more melanic than either type specimen, with the legs and
mandibles dark brown to black. One additional specimen at BPBM matches the type
in all respects except that the head has smooth rather than granular sculpture;
it probably represents a distinct species, since it seems to be a reliable
character within the bounds of interpretation and they represent the two
extremes of microsculpture, but I am reluctant to describe it based on a single
character>

# \i{}Sierola nuku\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 32A\endash{}C, Map 24> 3<Belonging to the group of species with the
clypeus convex dorsally and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Separated from
most others by the narrow, parallel-sided mandibles, and from the related \i{}S.
fossulata\i0{} by the slightly recurved clypeal apex and sparse frons
punctation. Overall most similar to \i{}S. brevicornis\i0{}, differing in the
clypeus shape (slightly recurved in profile, lacking a ridge dorsally) and shape
of the head in profile (angle further forward in \i{}S. brevicornis\i0{})>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}nuku\i0{}, beak, referring to the prominent nose-like
clypeus. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Ka\lquote{}ala-Kalena crestline 3100', 21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Apr
2015, under leaves, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17929> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,3/4
14,12 15,1 16,4 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,6
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,3 57,2
58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.71 75,0.83 76,0.91
77,0.54 78,0.72 79,0.58 80,1.24 81,1.72 82,1.05 83,0.37 84,1.74 85,1.75 86,0.93
90<Known only from the type, collected on the Waianae crestline between Kaala
and Kalena along with that of \i{}S. arpactes\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola oahuensis\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
1<Figure 32D\endash{}I, Map 25> 2<\i{}Sierola oahuensis\i0{} Ashmead,
1901:290\par{}\i{}Sierola distincta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:72 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<The large spathulate, flat clypeus and unusual mandibles,
with the dorsal three teeth present but reduced compared to the very large
ventral tooth, separate this species from nearly all others on O\lquote{}ahu.
Distinguished from the allopatric \i{}S. rostrata\i0{} by the clypeus distinctly
curved down from the bases of the antennae in lateral view, rather than nearly
horizontal basally. Related species occur on the other islands> 5<Lectotype
\u9794?. O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 2000 ft., Apr 1892, R.C.L.
Perkins, NHMUK Type 13.192> 8,5 10,7 11,4 12,5 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,4 17,4 18,2
19,3 20,7 21,5 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,4 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,1
37,7 41,4 42,4 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,1 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 63,1 65,1
66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,2.43 75,1.08 76,0.77 77,0.47 78,1.05 79,0.81 80,1.30
81,1.65 82,1.83 83,0.29 84,1.59 86,1.75 90<Found throughout the Ko\lquote{}olau
range, and in the Wai\lquote{}anae range north and west of Ka\lquote{}ala, in
wet to wet-mesic forest> 91<Taken on a wide variety of plants> 92<The
description is based on the type of \i{}S. distincta\i0{}, as the only extant
type of \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{} (designated as the lectotype) is a male. Ashmead
(1901) described the female, presumably based on a second specimen from
Hawai\lquote{}i, but the specimen is missing; it may have been the undescribed
Hawai\lquote{}i relative of \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{}, which has been found in
collections, or a different species entirely, such as \i{}S. sima\i0{}. Due to
the distinctive characters of the clypeus, mandibles, and the rest of the head,
the sexes can be associated, unlike in most species. The clypeus of the male is
parallel-sided rather than spathulate and the mandibles are narrower, but it is
otherwise similar to the female. One of Fullaway's male \i{}S. distincta\i0{}
paratypes is a specimen of \i{}S. anthracina\i0{}. The type of \i{}S.
distincta\i0{} is a somewhat unusual specimen with the head wider and deeper
than normal for this species. It forms an allopatric species pair with \i{}S.
rostrata\i0{}; see comments under that species>

# \i{}Sierola obscura\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 32J\endash{}L, Map 24> 2<\i{}Sierola obscura\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:93\par{}\i{}Sierola adumbrata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:141 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola breviceps\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:144 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola kalihiensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:143 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola localis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:93 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<A large and robust species, easily recognized by the very
broad, biconvex fore femora, and head very short behind the eyes and as wide or
wider than long> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo, 3 Jan
1915, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 43> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,5 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1
36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,1 58,2 59,2 61,6 63,1 65,2
66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 74,2.72 75,1.35 76,1.02 77,0.61 78,0.53 79,0.44
80,1.19 81,1.71 82,1.21 83,0.39 84,1.68 85,1.88 86,1.20 90<Almost restricted to
the southern Koolau range, except for one specimen from Kaala. Not uncommon
during the early collecting period, but last taken in 1929> 92<Synonym of \i{}S.
localis\i0{}, \i{}S. breviceps\i0{}, \i{}S. kalihiensis\i0{}, and \i{}S.
adumbrata\i0{}. The first three are based on specimens from the southeastern
Ko\lquote{}olau mountains between Kalihi and P\u257?lolo valleys; the type of
the last is the only specimen known from the Wai\lquote{}anae range and has the
head slightly less convex, but is otherwise identical. They were separated based
on incorrect statements about the head dimensions, punctation, and clypeus; all
are identical in these characters. \i{}Sierola obscura\i0{} is chosen to be
retained because the type is in the best condition. One of the paratypes of
\i{}S. adumbrata\i0{} is actually a specimen of \i{}S. fuliginosa\i0{}. The
unusual head shape makes this species near \i{}S. kauensis\i0{} of
Hawai\lquote{}i, but it differs in the shape of the clypeus, underside of the
head, and various smaller features. The wide head, short eye-vertex distance,
and broad fore femora are all near the extremes of the genus, and in combination
are found only in \i{}S. kauensis\i0{} and \i{}S. thorpei\i0{} Magnacca of New
Zealand and Australia. The fore femora are also rather thick, and straight or
slightly convex on the anterior margin as seen in dorsal view, which is a common
state in \i{}Goniozus\i0{} and Australian \i{}Sierola\i0{} but rare in Hawaiian
species>

# \i{}Sierola olena\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 32M\endash{}O, Map 24> 3<Superficially very similar to \i{}S.
timberlakei\i0{} and \i{}S. vicina\i0{} due to the predominantly yellow
coloration. Closer to \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, with the basal wing cells densely
setose, relatively long frons setae, A3 short (1.05-1.30 times as long as wide),
and the metasoma mostly polished, but distinctly different in the gestalt of the
head. \i{}Sierola olena\i0{} has the head less strongly convex ventrally in
lateral view, posterior corners more squared in dorsal view, and ocellar
triangle strongly acute rather than weakly obtuse. Several morphometric measures
differ on average, but OOL/WOT and FL/FW separate them consistently (1.20-1.45
and 1.90-2.04 respectively in \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, and 1.50-1.80 and
2.04-2.30 in \i{}S. olena\i0{}). The body coloration is similarly variable in
both species but the mandibles are always dark apically in \i{}S. olena\i0{},
and all yellow in \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}. Specimens of \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}
from the Wai\lquote{}anae range consistently have the femora brownish, which
also distinguishes them from \i{}S. olena\i0{} which has the legs all yellow
(Ko\lquote{}olau \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{} also have the legs all yellow, but
\i{}S. olena\i0{} has not been found there)> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}\lquote{}\u333?lena\i0{}, yellow, referring to the color. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Kapuna, Mokul\u275?\lquote{}ia
Tr. 2100', 21.5321\u176?N 158.1786\u176?W, 19 Nov 2014, on \i{}Nestegis
sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17930> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f,
Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 19 Nov 2014,
on \i{}Nestegis sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 3\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f,
North Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au Gulch 2350', 21.5066N 158.1297W, 24 Feb 2012,
on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Kapuna,
Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 16 May 2012, on
\i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Pu\lquote{}u H\u257\'3fpapa 2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 17 May 2012, on
\i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Kahanahaiki 2000', 21.5399N 158.1939W, 15 May 2013, under leaves, K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Mohi\u257\'3fkea Gulch 2500', 21.4877N 158.1258W,
20 May 2013, on \i{}Pisonia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pahole
Gulch, gulch 1 1800', 21.5421N 158.1918W, 12 May 2014, on \i{}Sapindus
oahuensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna,
Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 6 Jul 2014, on
\i{}Myrsine lessertiana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna,
Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5396N 158.1818W, 6 Jul 2014, on
\i{}Sapindus oahuensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f, Pahole Gulch,
gulch 2 2100', 21.5357N 158.1896W, 20 Oct 2014, on \i{}Planchonella
sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9794\'3f, Pahole Gulch, gulch 3
2050', 21.5362N 158.1862W, 20 Oct 2014, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kahanahaiki ridge 2200', 21.5374N
158.1924W, 17 Jul 2015, on \i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM.
2\u9792\'3f 1\u9794\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N
158.1786W, 29 Jul 2016, on \i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA.
1\u9792\'3f, Central Kalua\lquote\u257\'3f Gulch 2200', 21.4603N 158.1004W, 26
Apr 2017, on \i{}Pisonia umbellifera, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA> 8,5 10,5 11,3
12,2 13,2 14,3/9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,4 24,1 25,2 26,2
28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 62,3 63,16 65,1 66,12 67,1 69,2/3 70,1 71,1 74,1.99
75,0.94 76,0.86<0.85-0.88> 77,0.59<0.58-0.60> 78,0.76<0.71-0.84>
79,0.71<0.63-0.79> 80,1.07<1.05-1.14> 81,1.73<1.67-1.75> 82,1.67<1.50-1.78>
83,0.41 84,2.21<2.04-2.29> 85,2.62<2.50-2.78> 86,1.20<1.17-1.30> 88<N = 11>
90<Known only from the Waianae range, with most specimens from Pahole and
Kapuna in the northwest> 92<This species was initially thought to be a variant
of \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, but it exhibits a number of consistent differences
in morphometrics, coloration, and head shape with no intergradation. It may be
more closely related to \i{}S. mandibulata\i0{}, which also has predominantly
yellow color>

# \i{}Sierola olympiana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 33A\endash{}C, Map 26> 2<\i{}Sierola olympiana\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:112\par{}\i{}Sierola brevicauda\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:111 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola pilifera\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:123 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Forms a closely related complex with \i{}S. heterochroma\i0{} and \i{}S.
hirsuta\i0{} based on the hyaline wings, moderately wide head (WH/LH 0.77-0.84,
rarely to 0.86), elongate third antennal segment (usually about 1.2-1.5 times as
long as wide), and narrow femora (FL/FW 1.90-2.20, HFL/HFW 2.50-3.00) that are
usually solid colored. Separated from those species by having the mandibles,
coxae, and femora entirely dark brown to black, and the metasoma usually
smoothly microreticulate all over the terga> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Olympus, 18 Jun 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 80> 8,5 10,3
11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,7 24,3 25,1/2
26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1
48,2 53,4 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3/4 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1
74,1.83 75,0.92 76,0.82<0.80-0.86> 77,0.56<0.54-0.59> 78,0.68 79,0.64 80,1.07
81,1.68 82,1.28<1.13-1.42> 83,0.36 84,2.00<1.85-2.21> 85,2.69<2.55-3.01>
86,1.33<1.08-1.74> 88<N = 42> 90<Primarily found in wet forest, rarely in mesic
areas. Taken widely in both the Koolau and Waianae ranges> 92<Two of
Fullaway\rquote{}s names are included here as junior synonyms, \i{}S.
brevicauda\i0{} and \i{}S. pilifera\i0{}. Both fall well within the morphometric
range exhibited by \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} and have identical coloration. As in
\i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} and other members of this species group, the sculpture of
the frons varies from moderately coriaceous to dull granular, but this does not
appear to correlate with any other feature. See comments under \i{}S.
heterochroma\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola opogonae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 33D\endash{}F, Map 26> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola opogonae\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:122\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Separated from most similar species by the combination of a relatively
broad, deep head (WH/LH 0.84-0.88, DH/LH 0.56-0.61), dark brown to black, broad
fore femora (FL/FW 1.79-2.00), and lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex.
The most similar species is \i{}S. vestita\i0{}, which has the head narrower and
more compressed (WH/LH 0.80-0.84, DH/LH 0.54-0.56), and the clypeus triangular
in dorsal view. The wide head causes it to key close to \i{}S. alala\i0{}, which
has the head more compressed (DH/LH 0.54-0.56) and appearing conspicuously broad
in dorsal view due to the narrow eyes, and the clypeus also usually more
elongate and beak-like in lateral view> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Tantalus, 26 May 1918, reared from larva of \i{}Opogona\i0{} on
\i{}Clermontia\i0{}; formed cocoons on May 27, emerged June 5, J.C. Bridwell,
BPBM Type 100> 8,5 9,1 10,3 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,1 23,6 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,3
42,1 44,2 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,11 69,1
70,2 71,1 74,1.53 75,0.87 76,0.87<0.84-0.88> 77,0.59<0.56-0.61> 78,0.59 79,0.59
80,1.00<0.95-1.11> 81,1.79<1.64-1.79> 82,1.23<1.00-1.34> 83,0.39
84,1.79<1.79-2.00> 85,2.08<1.92-2.36> 86,1.00<0.92-1.11> 88<N = 8> 90<Rare,
known only from the type series taken in the southeastern Koolau range and a
handful of specimens collected throughout the Waianae range> 91<Reared from
caterpillars feeding on decaying wood of \i{}Clermontia kakeana\i0{}. The host
is recorded as an introduced species, \i{}Opogona aurisquamosa\i0{} (Butler)
(Tineidae), but the true host may have been one of the endemic caterpillars that
were reared from the same material, \i{}Thyrocopa\i0{} (Xylorictidae) or
\i{}Hyposmocoma (Euperissus)\i0{} (Cosmopterigidae; Bridwell, 1919)> 92<This
species is not well separated from \i{}S. vestita\i0{} aside from the head width
and depth. The majority of specimens fall into the extremes of the distribution,
but a small number of intermediates on the margins of the expected variation
could potentially be placed with either species. More investigation of this
complex is needed>

# \i{}Sierola pakela\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 33G\endash{}I, Map 27> 3<Part of a complex related to \i{}S.
peleana\i0{}, with a strongly convex and weakly carinate clypeus, mandibles
distinctly concave ventrally, sparsely punctate frons, and sparsely setose to
glabrous basal wing cells. Separated from related species by the reddish brown
mandibles with distinct microsculpture outwardly, weakly expanded fore femora,
and mostly polished metasoma> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}p\u257?kela\i0{},
excessive, referring to the extraordinary number of species found at Palikea
where the unique holotype was found. It is a genderless adjective in the
nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: North
Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4647\u176?N 158.1010\u176?W, 27 Jul 2016,
on \i{}Psychotria mariniana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17931> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, K\u363\'3fmaip\u333\'3f Gulch 2400', 21.4983N 158.1528W, 16 Jun
2016, on \i{}Cordyline fruticosa, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Central
Kalua\lquote\u257\'3f Gulch 2200', 21.4603N 158.1004W, 30 Jun 2016, on
\i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea
3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 Jul 2016, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 22
Jun 2017, on \i{}Psychotria mariniana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,1/3 11,1
12,3/4 13,2 14,11 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,3 26,1
28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1
53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,11 66,3 67,15 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.70
75,0.79 76,0.89 77,0.58 78,0.70 79,0.68 80,1.03 81,1.84 82,1.17 83,0.37 84,2.10
85,2.16 86,0.85 90<Known from about half a dozen specimens, all taken in the
southern Wai\lquote{}anae range except one from Wai\lquote{}anae Valley>

# \i{}Sierola pano\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 33J\endash{}L, Map 26> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae,
and densely punctate frons. Similar to \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}, \i{}S.
vestita\i0{}, and related species based on the black mandibles and moderately
wide head (WH/LH 0.79-0.82), but immediately separated from all other species in
the complex by the infuscate wings. The third antennal segment is elongate as in
\i{}S. olympiana\i0{} (about 1.2-1.7 times as long as wide), but the femora are
bicolored and expanded (FL/FW 1.72-2.10, HFL/HFW usually 2.40-2.55) as in \i{}S.
vestita\i0{}> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}pano\i0{}, dark like clouds, referring to
the infuscate wings. Figuratively it also means mysterious or unknown, which is
also applicable as it was long confused with \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 May
2014, sweeping low veg, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17932> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 13 Mar 1932, \i{}Eleocarpus\i0{} [sic:
\i{}Elaeocarpus\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Kamokuiki Val, 8
Apr 1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Peacock Flats 1800', 18 Aug 1988, J.
Strazanac & C.J. Fritzler, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Waimano Trail 1100', 21.4324N
157.9061W, 4 Sep 2012, sweeping \i{}Freycinetia arborea\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 20 May 2014, on
\i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u
H\u257\'3fpapa 2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 21 May 2014, on \i{}Psychotria
mariniana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257\'3fpapa
2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 21 May 2014, on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, North Puali\lquote{}i Gulch 2100',
21.4249N 158.0910W, 2 Jul 2014, K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pahole
Gulch, gulch 3 2050', 21.5362N 158.1862W, 20 Oct 2014, on \i{}Urera glabra,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257\'3fpapa 2650',
21.4665N 158.1028W, 28 Jan 2015, on \i{}Labordia kaalae, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 9 Dec 2015, on
\i{}Perottetia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea
3000', 21.4146N 158.0999W, 15 Jun 2016, on \i{}Psychotria, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH. 1\u9792\'3f, Central Kalua\lquote\u257\'3f Gulch 2200', 21.4603N
158.1004W, 26 Apr 2017, on \i{}Pisonia umbellifera, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH>
8,5 10,3 11,1 12,1 13,1 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6 24,3
25,1 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 39,3 41,2 42,3 44,5
46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,11 69,4 70,1 71,1
74,2.05 75,0.92 76,0.81<0.79-0.82> 77,0.56<0.54-0.57> 78,0.81 79,0.74 80,1.08
81,1.71 82,1.24<1.23-1.44> 83,0.41 84,1.81<1.72-2.10> 85,2.44<2.1-2.67>
86,1.67<1.2-1.67> 88<N = 13> 90<Found in the Wai\lquote{}anae range, primarily
in mesic forest south of Ka\lquote{}ala. Rare in older collections but common
recently>

# \i{}Sierola peleana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 33M\endash{}O, Map 27> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola peleana\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:86\par{}> 3<A very distinctive species once recognized, with a prominent
clypeus, strongly convex or weakly carinate dorsally, moderately broad,
distinctly toothed mandibles that are strongly convex ventrally and expanded
apically, and sparsely setose basal wing cells. Forms a species complex with
\i{}S. hiiaka\i0{}, \i{}S. pakela\i0{}, and \i{}S. puiwa\i0{}, and distinguished
from them by the polished, strongly shining mandibles, very broad apically;
sparsely setose basal wing cells; and distinctly microreticulate metasoma>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala 2000', 4 Mar 1917, on
\i{}Pelea clusiaefolia\i0{} [= \i{}Melicope clusiifolia\i0{}], P.H. Timberlake,
BPBM Type 29> 8,5 10,3/4 11,1 12,3/4 13,2 14,6 15,1 16,1 17,4 18,3 19,2 20,2
21,2 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,2
42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1
70,1 71,2 74,1.91 75,0.99 76,0.87 77,0.60 78,0.84 79,0.67 80,1.26 81,1.67
82,1.31 83,0.35 84,2.00 85,2.82 86,1.43 90<Widespread and relatively common in
the Waianae range, mostly in wet to wet-mesic forest, but apparently absent
from the Koolau range> 91<Taken on a wide variety of plants> 92<One of
Fullaway\rquote{}s paratypes belongs to the new species \i{}S. curvata\i0{};
there is supposed to be another from the same collection but it cannot be
located to verify its identity>

# \i{}Sierola peleleu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 34A\endash{}C, Map 27> 3<Distinguished from all other species on
O\lquote{}ahu by the combination of the head wider than long, basal wing cells
densely setose, and clypeus with a sharp carina. The mandibles are also pale
yellow-white, an unusual character. The only similar species is \i{}S.
obscura\i0{}, which has the basal wing cells glabrous, the mandibles broader and
black, the clypeus weakly carinate, and the femora even more strongly expanded.
Closely resembling \i{}S. illingworthi\i0{} and \i{}S. kauensis\i0{} of
Hawai\lquote{}i, separated by the mandible color, wider head (WH/LH 1.06 vs.
0.98), and less prominent genal angle> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}peleleu\i0{},
broad or spread out, referring to the very wide head. It is a genderless
adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Schofield-Waik\u257?ne Tr. 1600', 21.5082\u176?N 157.9462\u176?W, 5 Apr 2012, on
\i{}Acacia koa, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17933> 8,5 10,4 11,2 12,2 13,2/3
14,11 15,4 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,5
31,4 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,1 58,2
59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,11 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.17 75,1.02 76,1.06 77,0.66
78,0.55 79,0.46 80,1.19 81,1.74 82,0.93 83,0.46 84,1.87 85,2.14 86,1.30 90<Known
only from the holotype, collected in the central Koolau range>

# \i{}Sierola pembertoni\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 34D\endash{}F, Map 27> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola pembertoni\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:140\par{}> 3<A somewhat nondescript species, but the combination
of the clypeus prominent with a sharp carina which is evenly curved in profile,
broad to moderately broad mandibles, a broad but not deep head (WH/LH 0.90,
DH/LH 0.55), and somewhat dull coriaceous microsculpture on the frons separates
it from all others.> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1300', 12
Feb 1905, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 135> 8,5 10,3 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,2/4 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,3 44,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1
65,10 66,1-3 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,1-2 74,1.96 75,0.99 76,0.90 77,0.55 78,0.69
79,0.68 80,1.02 81,1.84 82,1.48 83,0.40 84,2.13 85,2.52 86,1.14 90<Known from
only three specimens, one from the Koolau and two from the Waianae range. Last
collected in 1933> 92<The wing setation is uncertain, as the type appears to be
missing many setae. One specimen has the mandibles brown, but is otherwise
nearly identical>

# \i{}Sierola perottetiae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 34G\endash{}I, Map 27> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola perottetiae\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:151\par{}> 3<This species is somewhat difficult to characterize,
but the combination of mandibles broad to moderately broad, front and hind
femora strongly broadened (FL/FW 1.8-1.9, HFL/HFW 1.80-2.00), frons shining and
smoothly microreticulate, and lack of ventral setation on the head separates it
from all others. It resembles \i{}S. bridwelli\i0{} but the femora are
distinctly different, and also keys close to \i{}S. cryptophlebiae\i0{} but the
mandibles are not strongly concave ventrally> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257\'3fnoa Cliff Trail, Jul 1918, reared from decaying wood of
\i{}Perottetia sandwicensis\i0{}, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type 158> 8,5 10,4 11,4
12,2 13,2/3 14,2/4 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1
28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1
56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,2 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,1.98 75,0.95
76,0.87 77,0.57 78,0.85 79,0.68 80,1.25 81,1.64 82,1.57 83,0.34 84,1.88 85,1.85
86,1.17 90<Rare, known only from six specimens collected in the southeastern
Koolau range. Last taken in 1959> 92<Very few specimens are known, which is
particularly striking compared to the relative abundance of the similar \i{}S.
bridwelli\i0{}. One of the paratypes is listed by Fullaway as being from the
same collection as the holotype and other paratype, but is from September rather
than July and labelled simply as \ldblquote{}ex rotten wood\rdblquote{} with no
species specified; it is actually \i{}S. bridwelli\i0{}. This species is named
for the plant on which the type series was collected, \i{}Perrottetia
sandwicensis\i0{}. The genus name was misspelled by Fullaway both in naming the
wasp and referring to the plant>

# \i{}Sierola philodoriae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 34J\endash{}L, Map 28> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola philodoriae\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:146\par{}> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened species
with the head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and the
mesosoma also compressed. Separated from related species by having the basal
wing cells densely setose, clypeus steep and short in lateral view, mandibles
reddish-brown to yellow, and the head relatively short behind the eyes (EV/HE
less than 1.0)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Olympus, 30 Jan 1913,
reared from larva of \i{}Philodoria splendida\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 147>
8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,5 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2
25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 33,1 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,5 41,2 42,4 43,1 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,3-5 67,1 69,1 70,1
71,1 74,1.66 75,0.80 76,0.83 77,0.49 78,0.86 79,0.94 80,0.92 81,1.94 82,1.36
83,0.32 84,2.16 85,2.56 86,1.40 90<Known from five specimens from both the
northern and southern Koolau range. Last taken in 1928> 91<Reared from leaf
mines of \i{}Philodoria splendida\i0{} in \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha\i0{}
(\lquote{}\u333?hi\lquote{}a lehua)> 92<The holotype label says \ldblquote{}type
marked with red\rdblquote{} as if another was present on the same pin, but only
one is there now. The third specimen described by Fullaway as being from this
collection is at the HDOA collection>

# \i{}Sierola picea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 34M\endash{}O, Map 28> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola picea\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:104\par{}> 3<Easily recognized among species with a carinate clypeus and
mostly sparsely setose basal wing cells by the smooth, sparsely punctate frons
and especially the unusual mandible, with the ventral tooth subapical and
concealed behind the second in frontal view. Similar to \i{}S. kawala\i0{}, from
which it is distinguished by the shorter ventral tooth, narrower head, and dense
patch of setae in cell R> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus 1300',
15 Jan 1905, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 64> 8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,3/4 15,2
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,14 21,1 22,2 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,4 74,1.68 75,0.80 76,0.78 77,0.52 78,0.82
79,0.82 80,1.00 81,1.77 82,1.50 83,0.37 84,2.13 85,2.37 86,1.33 90<Known only
from the holotype, collected at Tantalus in 1905> 92<The mandible structure is
very unusual: it is primarily twisted with the dorsal teeth all on the dorsal
surface, but the short ventral tooth is subapical, and located on the ventral
side. Only \i{}S. koloa\i0{}, \i{}S. nihopeku\i0{}, and the related \i{}S.
kawala\i0{} are similar. The basal wing cell setation pattern, mostly glabrous
with a patch of dense setae apically in cell R, is also only found in a handful
of unrelated species>

# \i{}Sierola\i0{} \i{}pilosa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 35A\endash{}C, Map 28> 2<\i{}Sierola pilosa\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:89> 3<A
distinctive species, resembling the \i{}olympiana\i0{} complex in having a
highly arched, very thin clypeal carina and strong, elongate setae along the
vertex, but with the head strongly expanded ventrally. The only similar species
is \i{}S. laticeps\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i, which has the head much broader
(WH/LH 0.89 vs. 0.76-0.78)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. Moloka\lquote{}i:
Kualapu\lquote{}u, 15 Jul 1910, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 34> 8,1/2/3/5 10,1 11,1
12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,1 23,5 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,4
29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,3 36,2 37,6 39,2 41,6 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3
56,1 57,1 58,1 59,8 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,2 67,12 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.44 75,1.35
76,0.78 77,0.58 78,0.78 79,0.67 80,1.18 81,1.55 82,1.57 83,0.38 84,1.78 85,2.29
86,1.42 90<Described from five specimens from Moloka\lquote{}i; on
O\lquote{}ahu, known only from two specimens taken at Waik\u299?k\u299?> 92<The
discovery of this species on O\lquote{}ahu is puzzling. The two O\lquote{}ahu
specimens appear to be conspecific with the Moloka\lquote{}i type; the only
notable difference is the DH/LH ratios, which are 0.55 and 0.58 in the
O\lquote{}ahu specimens compared to 0.61 in the type. This is slightly beyond
the range of \u177?0.02 observed in other species, but the unusually protuberant
gena may result in greater variation. The labels read \ldblquote{}Waikiki,
stinging tourist\rdblquote{}, suggesting it may have been transported
interisland; possibly they emerged from plant material that was carried between
islands. It has never been found elsewhere on O\lquote{}ahu, despite extensive
surveys in native habitats, nor have similar species been found in other regions
of the world. Specimens collected abundantly in the Mauna Loa\endash{}Mauna Kea
saddle region of Hawai\lquote{}i appear to match \i{}S. pilosa\i0{} rather than
the similar \i{}S. laticeps\i0{} described from K\u299?lauea, but have not been
compared in detail. It has not been collected on Moloka\lquote{}i since the type
series, but nearly all Moloka\lquote{}i \i{}Sierola\i0{} at BPBM come from a
single collecting trip in 1966. It does appear to occur on Maui, where it has
been found in both native forest and agricultural areas, but the latter are more
variable and some appear to match \i{}S. laticeps\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola pipturi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 35D\endash{}F, Map 28> 3<Distinguished from most other species with a
sharp clypeal carina, sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing cells, and rounded
gena by the shining frons with smooth microsculpture and typical punctation 1-2
pit widths apart. Separated from the closely related \i{}S. minuscula\i0{} by
the broad hind femur (HFL/HFW 1.90-2.10 vs. ~2.75) longer head (OOL/WOT
1.55-1.75 vs. 1.10-1.40), lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex,
and mandibles strongly concave ventrally. Also similar to \i{}S. capuana\i0{},
from which it is separated by the sparser punctation and smoother microsculpture
of the frons, and the higher OOL/WOT> 4<Named for the apparent association with
the native tree \i{}Pipturus albidus\i0{} (mamaki, Urticaceae), which rarely
hosts \i{}Sierola\i0{} but on which five of the 13 specimens were collected>
5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa 2650',
21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 15 Jul 2014, on \i{}Pipturus albidus, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM Type 17934> 6<Paratypes: 2\u9792\'3f, Nu\lquote{}uanu Pali, Dec
[no year], on \i{}Pipturus\i0{}, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 3\u9792\'3f, Tantalus,
Sep 1906, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Cooke Trail, 7 Jan 1917, P.H.
Timberlake, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Wai\lquote{}anae ab. 16-1900', 1 Jan 1919, P.H.
Timberlake, HDOA. 1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Tantalus, 23 Jan 1966, D.M. Tsuda, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 2950', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 25 Mar 2015, on \i{}Perottetia
sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 3000', 21.4146N
158.0999W, 15 Apr 2015, on \i{}Pipturus albidus, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM.
1\u9792\'3f, Pu\lquote{}u H\u257\'3fpapa 2650', 21.4665N 158.1028W, 20 Apr
2015, on \i{}Pisonia umbellifera, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,2 14,14 15,4 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,2
30,5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,11 66,5 67,15 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.54 75,0.72 76,0.85
77,0.57 78,0.79 79,0.68 80,1.17 81,1.71 82,1.69 83,0.43 84,1.91 85,1.90 86,1.00
90<Known from about a dozen specimens from both ranges, five of them recently
collected at Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa and Palikea> 91<Appears to be associated
with \i{}Pipturus albidus\i0{}, but only rarely found in areas where the leaf
miners \i{}Philodoria pipturiella\i0{} and \i{}P. pipturicola\i0{}
(Gracillariidae) are abundant> 92<Very similar to \i{}S. minuscula\i0{}, but the
differences listed above are consistent enough to describe it as distinct>

# \i{}Sierola planiceps\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 35G\endash{}I, Map 29> 2<\i{}Sierola planiceps\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:146\par{}\i{}Sierola flavipennis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:99 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Part of a small cluster of small, flattened species with the
head flat above and below, less than half as deep as long, and the mesosoma also
compressed. Separated from most related species by having the basal wing cells
nearly glabrous and the mandibles yellow. Distinguished from the sibling species
\i{}S. kolea\i0{} by having the clypeus short and steeply curving in lateral
view and the ocellar triangle narrow, OOL/WOT 1.80-2.00> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: Nu\lquote{}uanu Valley, 4 Mar 1912, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 148>
8,5 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2/5 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,9
24,1 25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,4
47,2 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,9 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,2
74,1.74 75,0.86 76,0.86<0.85-0.92> 77,0.47<0.47-0.52> 78,0.88<0.81-0.88>
79,0.80<0.75-0.81> 80,1.09<1.07-1.14> 81,1.80<1.76-1.81> 82,1.82<1.82-2.00>
83,0.34 84,1.92<1.81-2.10> 85,2.53<2.15-2.53> 86,1.40 88<N = 5> 90<Found
throughout the Koolau range, probably mostly in wet forest based on its
apparent host. Last collected in 1937> 91<Reared from leaf mines of
\i{}Philodoria dubautiella\i0{} in \i{}Dubautia laxa\i0{} and \i{}D.
plantaginea\i0{} (na\lquote{}ena\lquote{}e; Asteraceae)> 92<\i{}Sierola
flavipennis\i0{} was separated by Fullaway based on the size of the clypeus, but
it is fully identical. This species appears to be a specialist on
\i{}Philodoria\i0{} leaf miners in \i{}Dubautia\i0{}, while those in
\i{}Myrsine\i0{} are attacked by the closely related \i{}S. kolea\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola poepoe\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 35J\endash{}L, Map 29> 3<Among species with a highly arched and thin
clypeal carina, densely punctate frons, and strong and elongate vertex and genal
setae, this species is united with \i{}S. flavipes\i0{} and \i{}S.
citripoda\i0{} by the broad head and all-yellow legs. It can be separated from
the latter by having black mandibles and a greater OOL/WOT (1.25-1.40 vs.
1.05-1.25), and from the former by the broader, deeper head and more expanded
fore femora (WH/LH 0.95-0.97, DH/LH 0.61-0.64, and FW/FL 1.72-1.81 vs.
0.86-0.93, 0.58-0.60, and 1.79-1.95 respectively)> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}poepoe\i0{}, round or circular, referring to the nearly circular head. It is
a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 2950', 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W, 24 Apr 2014, on
\i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17935> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, P\u257\'3flehua, Wai\lquote{}anae, 7 May 1922, \i{}Metrosideros,
\i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, M\u257\'3fnoa, 24 Sep 1933, \i{}Acacia koa,
\i0{}N.L.H. Krauss, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 2950', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 24
Apr 2014, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,3 11,1
12,1 13,1 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6 24,3 25,1 26,1 27,3
28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,1/2 41,1 42,3 44,5 46,2 47,1
48,1 53,2 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,5 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.44
75,1.05 76,0.95<0.95-0.97> 77,0.64<0.61-0.64> 78,0.58 79,0.51 80,1.14 81,1.68
82,1.28<1.26-1.32> 83,0.44 84,1.78<1.72-1.81> 85,2.06<2.06-2.12> 86,1.17 88<N =
3> 90<Known from four specimens, three from Palikea in the southern
Wai\lquote{}anae range and one from M\u257?noa in the southeastern
Ko\lquote{}olau range>

# \i{}Sierola poohiwi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 35M\endash{}O, Map 28> 3<The parallel-sided, very narrow but not
strongly flattened head (WH/LH 0.70, DH/LH 0.54) will alone separate this
species from nearly all others, including \i{}S. gracillima\i0{} which is
closest in general aspect. \i{}Sierola canuta\i0{} also has the head narrow, but
the mandibles are broad> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}po\lquote{}o hiwi\i0{}, thin
head, referring to the very narrow head, made more striking by the
parallel-sided shape. It is a noun in apposition. The single word
\i{}po\lquote{}ohiwi\i0{} also means shoulder, applicable to the squared corners
and parallel sides of the head> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au, 13 Mar 1932, \i{}Sideroxylon\i0{} [=
\i{}Planchonella\i0{}]\i{}, \i0{}O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17936> 8,5 10,4 11,3
12,2 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,1-2 74,1.90 75,0.90
76,0.70 77,0.54 78,0.89 79,0.94 80,0.94 81,1.71 82,1.48 83,0.36 84,2.25 85,2.32
86,0.90 90<Known only from the type, collected in 1932 at Haleauau (Schofield
Barracks) in the Waianae range>

# \i{}Sierola psaliphora\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 36A\endash{}C, Map 29> 3<Among species with a flat, spathulate clypeus,
the bizarre flattened, scissors-like mandibles immediately separate this species
from any others. Nearly identical to \i{}S. nigrescens\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i,
differing only in the narrower head (WH/LH ~0.72 vs. ~0.78) and having the frons
sculpture smooth to fine rather than coriaceous to granular> 4<From the Greek
\i{}psalis\i0{}, scissors, + \i{}-phor\i0{}, bearing, referring to the peculiar
shear-like mandibles. It is an adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 Oct
2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17937>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, Palikea 2950', 21.4150N 158.0993W, 24 Apr 2014, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794\'3f, Palikea 3000',
21.4146N 158.0999W, 29 Aug 2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,7 11,5 12,9 13,7 14,18 15,5 16,1 17,5 19,1 20,5 21,2 22,3
23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,3 44,3
45,2 46,2 47,1 48,3 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,7 68,5 69,1
70,2 71,1 74,1.46 75,0.64 76,0.72 77,0.46 78,0.72 79,0.78 80,0.93 81,1.85
82,1.38 83,0.37 84,2.22 85,2.44 86,1.25 90<Known from six specimens, one from
the southeast Ko\u699?olau range and the rest taken at Palikea in the
Wai\lquote{}anae range> 92<A similar undescribed species has been collected on
Maui. The function of the strange mandibles is unknown, but presumably is
related to entering the host refuge>

# \i{}Sierola puiwa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 36D\endash{}F, Map 30> 3<Part of a complex related to \i{}S.
peleana\i0{}, with a strongly convex and weakly carinate clypeus, mandibles
distinctly concave ventrally, sparsely punctate frons, and sparsely setose to
glabrous basal wing cells. Separated from related species by the yellow
mandibles with distinct microsculpture outwardly, shorter clypeus, strongly
expanded fore femora, and metasoma with distinct microreticulation> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}p\u363?\lquote{}iwa\i0{}, surprising, referring to the late
discovery of this species among a series identified as \i{}S. peleana\i0{}. It
is a genderless adjective in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 Jul 2016, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17938> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 29 Aug 2016, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000',
21.4128\u176?N 158.0997\u176?W, 13 Sep 2017, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,2 11,2 12,3 13,2 14,11 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,3 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,19
68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.77 75,0.85 76,0.94 77,0.57 78,0.74 79,0.62 80,1.20
81,1.69 82,1.31 83,0.40 84,1.77 85,2.42 86,1.00 90<Known only from five
specimens, all taken at Palikea in the southern Wai\lquote{}anae range> 91<Four
of the five specimens were collected on \i{}Coprosma\i0{} spp. (pilo,
Rubiaceae)>

# \i{}Sierola pulchra\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 36G\endash{}I, Map 29> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola pulchra\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:97\par{}> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate, short and steep in
lateral view, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous, forming a complex of related
species with \i{}S. kilohana\i0{}, \i{}S. mahoe\i0{}, and \i{}S. makaha\i0{}.
The former two are united by having the clypeus truncate apically and the wing
cells sparsely setose. Separated from the very similar \i{}S. makaha\i0{} by the
smooth sculpture of the head and metasoma, sparse frons punctation, and more
extensive pale coloration on the mesosoma. All three are darker than \i{}S.
pulchra\i0{}, which has the mesosoma and sometimes the metasoma almost entirely
yellow; the others have only the prothorax or pronotum orange> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus, 15 Mar 1914, ex leaf miner in
\i{}Urera\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 50> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,3 13,5 14,10 15,2
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,4 33,1
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,3 53,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1
62,3 63,4 64,3 65,9 66,6 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.63 75,0.84 76,0.90 77,0.51
78,0.74 79,0.70 80,1.05 81,1.75 82,1.48 83,0.38 84,2.15 85,2.69 86,1.17 90<The
few collections all come from the southeastern Koolau range> 91<Reared from
\i{}Philodoria ureraella\i0{} (Swezey) (Gracilariidae), and found on its host
plant \i{}Urera glabra\i0{} (Urticaceae). Two batches of specimens are said to
be reared from serpentine mines, indicating that they probably came from the
sympatric \i{}P. urerana\i0{} (Swezey)> 92<This species is known only from
several series collected at Tantalus between 1914-18 in association with
\i{}Philodoria ureraella\i0{} and probably \i{}P. urerana\i0{}, but I have not
searched in the Koolau range for them and have not found them in the Waianae
range. All these specimens are morphologically uniform aside from slight
variations in color>

# \i{}Sierola punctata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 36J\endash{}L, Map 30> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola punctata\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:103\par{}> 3<Part of the group of species with the basal wing cells densely
setose, clypeus carinate and evenly curved, and mandibles moderately narrow and
parallel-sided without any modifications. Distinguished by the granular
microsculpture of the frons, strongly acute ocellar triangle front angle, and
rather narrow femur. Most similar to \i{}S. pembertoni\i0{}, from which it is
separated only by the head dimensions (WH/LH 0.85 and DH/LH 0.60, vs. 0.90 and
0.55 in \i{}S. pembertoni\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala 2000', 4 Mar 1917, sweeping \i{}Kadua\i0{}, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM
Type 62> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3
23,4/6 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2-3 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,2 70,1
71,1 74,2.25 75,1.07 76,0.85 77,0.60 78,0.76 79,0.73 80,1.05 81,1.77 82,1.62
83,0.38 84,2.38 85,2.82 86,1.43 90<Known only from three specimens taken in the
central Waianae range and one in the Koolau range. Last collected in 1920>
91<Reared from a caterpillar in stem of \i{}Kadua\i0{} sp> 92<This species is
somewhat nondescript, but can be distinguished fairly easily when found>

# \i{}Sierola pygmaea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 36M\endash{}O, Map 30> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola pygmaea\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:108\par{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with broad, nearly parallel-sided
mandibles, a short, steeply curved clypeus, frons microsculpture coriaceous, and
sparsely setose basal wing cells. Together with \i{}S. affinis\i0{}, separated
from related species by the broad frons, distinctly greater than the eye height
and shorter behind the eyes (WF/HE 1.09-1.15, EV/HE 0.75-1.05, OOL/WOT
1.60-1.85). Distinguished from \i{}S. affinis\i0{} by the truncate, trapezoidal
clypeus and frons densely punctate between the eyes. The clypeus usually appears
weakly carinate, unlike \i{}S. aspera\i0{} and \i{}S. luteipes\i0{} which
clearly have a sharp carina. Also similar to\i{} S. malino\i0{}, distinguished
by the coriaceous microsculpture of the frons, polished metasoma, and all yellow
legs> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Cooke\rquote{}s trail, Nu\lquote{}uanu
Valley, 20 Aug 1916, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 72> 8,5 10,5/12 11,5 12,2/3 13,2
14,1 15,2 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2
31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,1 56,1 57,3 58,1
59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.58 75,0.74 76,0.80<0.80-0.85>
77,0.57<0.57-0.60> 78,1.03<0.77-1.03> 79,0.90<0.70-0.90> 80,1.14<1.09-1.14>
81,1.74<1.74-1.78> 82,1.81<1.62-1.81> 83,0.42 84,2.25<2.17-2.25>
85,2.44<2.44-2.70> 86,1.33<1.17-1.33> 88<N = 4> 90<Rare, known only from five
specimens, one recently collected at Pu\lquote{}u H\u257?papa in the
Wai\lquote{}anae range and the rest from Tantalus in the southeastern
Ko\lquote{}olau range before 1934> 92<The clearly truncate clypeus separates
this species from similar taxa>

# \i{}Sierola rostrata\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 37A\endash{}C, Map 25> 3<The large spathulate, flat clypeus and unusual
mandibles, with the dorsal three teeth present but reduced compared to the very
large ventral tooth, separate this species from nearly all others on
O\lquote{}ahu. Distinguished from the allopatric \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{} by having
the clypeus porrect and nearly horizontal, rather than distinctly curved down in
lateral view> 4<From the Latin \i{}rostratus\i0{}, beaked, referring to the
prominent porrect clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000',
21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 15 Apr 2015, on \i{}Kadua affinis, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM Type 17939> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, S. Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 9
Nov 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9794?, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 11 Jan 1920, E.H.
Bryan, BPBM. 1\u9794?, E. slope Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala 1500-2000', 14 Sep 1930, E.H.
Bryan, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u257?lehua, 6 May 1934, Kuku\lquote{}i, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 2\u9792?, Wai\lquote{}anae Mts., 18 Apr 1968, ex de vac machine, D.
Ashdown & J. Tenorio, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200',
21.4603\u176?N 158.1004\u176?W, 26 Jun 2014, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N
158.0999\u176?W, 15 Apr 2015, on \i{}Urera glabra, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 19 May 2015, on
\i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Palikea trail
2700', 21.4102\u176?N 158.0986\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Myrsine lessertiana,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N
158.0999\u176?W, 9 Apr 2016, on \i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH. 1\u9792?, Central Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4603\u176?N
158.1004\u176?W, 26 Apr 2017, on \i{}Pisonia brunoniana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
HDOA> 8,5 10,7 11,6 12,5 13,11 14,11 15,3 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,7 21,6 22,4
23,9 24,1 25,5 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,3 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,7 41,4 42,4 44,2
46,4 47,1 48,3 53,4 54,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 69,2 70,2
71,3 74,2.33 75,1.13 76,0.71 77,0.42 78,1.26 79,0.96 80,1.31 81,1.74 82,2.00
83,0.40 84,1.80 85,2.52 86,1.29 90<Restricted to the windward southern Waianae
range south of Mt. Kaala. Most specimens collected April-June> 91<Taken on a
wide variety of plants> 92<Replacing the very similar \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{} in
the southern Waianae range, differing in the porrect clypeus and flattened
head. The two overlap narrowly around Mt. Kaala; one collection from 1920
contains one specimen of each. However, the label location Mt. Kaala from that
time referred not only to the summit but to the lower valleys of Haleauau and
Waianae, and it is uncertain where these specimens came from. Most likely it is
from around Haleauau. The reason for this particular geographic split are
unknown; there is no physical barrier between them (as opposed to between the
Koolau and Waianae ranges, or at Kolekole Pass between the northern and
southern portions of the Waianae range), and both species occur in the same
various forest types in their respective ranges. Another species pair, \i{}S.
gracilis\i0{} and \i{}S. kikiwi\i0{}, appear to share the same distribution>

# \i{}Sierola rufignatha\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 37D\endash{}F, Map 30> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola rufignatha\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:115\par{}> 3<A very distinct species, with a large, quadrate,
weakly carinate clypeus that is curved in profile, broad, slightly twisted,
orange-yellow mandibles, and rather strongly convex head. Most similar to \i{}S.
sima\i0{} of Hawai\lquote{}i, which has the clypeus much broader and
straight-sloping in profile. Also somewhat similar to \i{}S. koloa\i0{} and
\i{}S. magna\i0{}, both of which have the head only slightly convex dorsally and
the mandibles black and not twisted> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Nu\lquote{}uanu Valley, 20 Aug 1916, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 86> 8,5 10,8
11,4/5 12,3 13,2 14,4 15,2 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2
26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2
53,3 54,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,4 63,2 65,1 66,4 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.78
75,0.92 76,0.86 77,0.59 78,0.79 79,0.74 80,1.07 81,1.83 82,1.42 83,0.42 84,2.38
85,2.95 86,1.67 90<Widespread in mesic forest in both the Waianae and Koolau
ranges, but predominantly found in the former>

# \i{}Sierola rugiventris\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 37G\endash{}I, Map 30> 3<The large, protruding, trapezoidal or bluntly
triangular clypeus and flat head separates this species from all others except
\i{}S. acuta\i0{}, from which it can be distinguished by the strongly twisted
mandibles> 4<Named for the coarse microsculpture of the underside of the head
compared to the smooth frons. It is treated as a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Barbers Pt., Apr 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 17940>
8,5 10,3 11,4 12,3 13,4 14,10 15,3 16,2 17,1/3 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,3 23,1
24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 40,12 41,2 42,2 44,2
46,2 47,1 48,2 53,4 54,3 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,13 69,2
70,1 71,1-2 74,1.51 75,0.83 76,0.72 77,0.48 78,1.00 79,0.86 80,1.16 81,1.70
82,1.68 83,0.39 84,2.13 85,2.50 86,1.33 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected at Barbers Point near the coast. One male from Waialua also appears to
be this species but is not designated as an allotype or paratype> 92<The basal
wing cell setation is uncertain, as the type may have lost setae>

# \i{}Sierola rugulosa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 37J\endash{}L, Map 30> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola rugulosa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:110\par{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, somewhat
strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose, genal
angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs nearly all
yellow. Distinguished from similar species by the yellow mandibles and more
flattened, narrower head (DH/LH ~0.53, WH/LH ~0.79)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo Hill trail, 7 Apr 1916, numbered 16, P.H.
Timberlake, BPBM Type 77> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,2 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,4 63,1 65,6 66,6
67,13 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,1.46 75,0.78 76,0.79 77,0.53 78,0.83 79,0.81 80,1.03
81,1.70 82,1.48 83,0.37 84,2.04 85,2.47 86,1.20 90<Rare, known from only the
type, collected in the southeastern Koolau range in 1916> 92<This species may
be a morphometrically extreme form of \i{}S. setosa\i0{}, but it does have the
setae around the vertex and gena elongate like other members of the olympiana
group and unlike \i{}S. setosa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola setosa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 37M\endash{}O, Map 31> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola setosa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:125\par{}> 3<Belonging to a group of species with a sharp, somewhat
strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose, genal
angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs nearly all
yellow. Distinguished from similar species in the \i{}S. similis\i0{} complex by
the reddish brown mandibles and more flattened, moderately narrow head (DH/LH
0.55-0.57, WH/LH 0.81-0.86). Very similar to \i{}S. minuscula\i0{}, but readily
separated by the head microsculpture and broad hind femora> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257?lolo Hill trail, 9 Apr 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type
105> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,1/2 13,1/2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2
23,1/3 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1
44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,6 66,3 67,13 69,1 70,2
71,2 74,1.96 75,1.04 76,0.86<0.81-0.86> 77,0.56<0.55-0.57> 78,0.74 79,0.71
80,1.04 81,1.79 82,1.29<1.27-1.39> 83,0.37 84,1.95<1.85-2.00> 85,2.35<2.30-2.42>
86,1.14 88<N = 7> 90<Known from a handful of specimens from mesic forest in both
the Koolau and Waianae ranges> 91<One specimen reared \ldblquote{}ex lep
Santalum\rdblquote{}. This is probably \i{}Spheterista flavocincta\i0{}
(Walsingham) (Tortricidae), which is the only moth on O\lquote{}ahu known to
feed on \i{}Santalum\i0{}> 92<The head of the holotype is on the wide end of the
expected range; the average WH/LH for the specimens on hand is 0.83. The few
specimens available are rather variable and it is unclear if perhaps more than
one taxon is involved, or if the definition should be expanded to include \i{}S.
rugulosa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola similaris\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 38A\endash{}C, Map 31> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola similaris\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:126\par{}> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate, evenly
curved in lateral view, and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to
\i{}S. centralis\i0{}, distinguished by the narrower head (WH/LH ~0.92) and
presence of a slight genal angle> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Waimano,
5 Jan 1913, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 107> 8,5 10,5 11,4/5 12,3 13,2 14,13 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,2 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1/2 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 62,2/3 63,5/8 64,4 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.91 75,1.01 76,0.92
77,0.59 78,0.67 79,0.56 80,1.19 81,1.62 82,1.23 83,0.37 84,1.94 85,2.62 86,1.00
90<Known only from three specimens: the holotype, taken in 1913 in the central
Koolau range, and two recent specimens from the leeward Waianae range> 92<The
recent specimens are slightly different, with more extensive pale coloration and
the clypeus blunt apically. These may represent a distinct species, but for now
are retained under \i{}S. similaris\i0{} as there are no other clear characters
to distinguish them and coloration clearly can vary within species>

# \i{}Sierola similis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 38D\endash{}F, Map 31> 2<\i{}Sierola similis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:136\par{}\i{}Sierola amica\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:137 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola distinguenda\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:155 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola lacessita\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:140 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola megalops\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:114 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, somewhat
strongly arched clypeal carina, the basal wing cells sparsely setose, genal
angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and legs
predominantly yellow. Distinguished from similar species by the black mandibles
which are parallel-sided or only weakly concave ventrally, frons densely
punctate between the eyes, and head moderately broad and deep (WH/LH 0.89-0.93,
DH/LH 0.59-0.63)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 11
Aug 1912, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 128> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2
35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1
65,1 66,1 67,1/13 69,1 70,2 71,2-3 74,1.83 75,0.93 76,0.92<0.89-0.94>
77,0.62<0.59-0.62> 78,0.58<0.56-0.67> 79,0.55<0.55-0.64> 80,1.04<0.99-1.11>
81,1.79<1.73-1.88> 82,1.11<1.11-1.30> 83,0.41 84,2.28<2.07-2.46>
85,2.43<2.32-2.73> 86,1.50<1.48-1.67> 88<N = 10> 90<Widespread in mesic to wet
forest in both mountain ranges. Most abundant July-November. Formerly relatively
common (though never taken in numbers), but not collected since 1966> 91<Taken
on a variety of trees and shrubs, without any clear preference> 92<Fullaway
described this species under several names based on minor differences in leg
color or nonexistent differences in mandible width; these are synonymized here,
along with \i{}S. abusa\i0{} and \i{}S. kaalensis\i0{} under \i{}S. manoa\i0{}.
The types of \i{}S. similis\i0{}, \i{}S. amica\i0{}, and \i{}S.
distinguenda\i0{} all came from the same series from Ka\lquote{}ala, while those
of \i{}S. lacessita\i0{} and \i{}S. megalops\i0{} are from the Ko\lquote{}olau
range. The distinctions between this species and three others (\i{}S.
capuana\i0{}, \i{}S. epagogeana\i0{}, and \i{}S. manoa\i0{}) are somewhat
tenuous, but it seems that they can be reliably distinguished based on mandible
shape and color, and therefore are retained at present. Two specimens initially
determined as \i{}S. epagogeana\i0{} (a Fullaway specimen from Niu Valley, 28
Jun 1909, and an undated specimen from Tantalus collected by Perkins) key to
that species or \i{}S. hookahi\i0{} but do not match either of those or any
other in the complex. However, I do not feel they present enough distinct
characters to warrant describing them>

# \i{}Sierola spicata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 38G\endash{}I, Map 31> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola spicata\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:76\par{}> 3<The broad, extremely flat head and spicate clypeus are unique
among O\lquote{}ahu species> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Lanihuli
Ridge 1500', 3 Sep 1916, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 10> 8,5 10,11 11,3 12,8 13,2
14,3 15,1 16,2 17,7 18,2 19,2 20,2 21,4 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,4 28,4 29,1 30,2
31,3 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,9 68,3 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.10 75,1.29 76,0.91
77,0.42 78,1.23 79,0.84 80,1.45 81,1.84 82,2.23 83,0.34 84,2.06 85,2.36 86,1.13
90<Extremely rare, known only from the holotype and allotype collected in the
southern Koolau range in 1916> 92<This species is endemic to O\lquote{}ahu; the
related taxon on Hawaii, described as subspecies \i{}S. spicata hawaiiensis\i0{}
Fullaway, is clearly a distinct species based on a number of characters>

# \i{}Sierola striata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 38J\endash{}L, Map 31> 2<\i{}Sierola striata\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:107\par{}\i{}Sierola agens\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:108 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<Among species with broad, nearly parallel-sided mandibles, separated by the
densely setose basal wing cells, moderately elongate clypeus which is evenly
sloping or very slightly curved in lateral view, and mandible apex straight and
nearly flat, with the ventral tooth long. Distinguished from the sibling species
\i{}S. celeris\i0{} by the microreticulate metasomal terga, usually all-yellow
legs, and generally broader, shorter head (WH/LH 0.80-0.83 vs. 0.75-0.80, EV/HE
0.92-1.10 vs. 1.05-1.30, OOL/WOT 1.75-2.16 vs. 2.04-2.40) Also close to \i{}S.
tumidoventris\i0{}, from which it is separated by the yellow legs, deeper head,
and narrow hind femora (DH/LH 0.55-0.58 vs. 0.50, HFL/HFW 2.45-2.80 vs.
2.20-2.35)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: P\u257\'3flolo Valley, 8 Sep
1912, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 70> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,4 14,1 15,1 16,2 18,1
19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3 33,1 34,3 35,1 36,1
37,3 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,3 63,1
65,6 66,1 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.13 75,1.01 76,0.82<0.80-0.83>
77,0.55<0.55-0.58> 78,1.05<0.92-1.10> 79,0.81<0.70-0.81> 80,1.29<1.24-1.37>
81,1.65<1.57-1.69> 82,2.00<1.75-2.16> 83,0.40 84,2.33<2.07-2.43>
85,2.73<2.48-2.80> 86,1.43<1.14-1.43> 88<N = 15> 90<Widely distributed in mesic
to wet forest in the Waianae range, but not in the summit cloud forests; one
specimen, the holotype, from the Koolau> 91<Collected on a wide variety of
trees and shrubs> 92<\i{}Sierola agens\i0{} was separated from \i{}S.
striata\i0{} by Fullaway based on the length of the antennae, but they are
identical in this character. See notes under \i{}S. celeris\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola subcrispa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 38M\endash{}O, Map 32> 2<\i{}Sierola subcrispa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:157\par{}\i{}Sierola rufomandibulata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:156 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Separated from most species in the group with a sharp clypeal
carina and densely setose basal wing cells by the moderately broad, distinctly
concave mandibles and lack of a genal angle. Most similar to \i{}S.
koolauensis\i0{}; distinguished from that species and \i{}S. granulosa\i0{} by
the shorter head behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.70-0.90) and longer antennae, and from
\i{}S. yoshimotoi\i0{} by the head only slightly convex above, not as deep
(DH/LH ~0.54), with dense punctures between the eyes> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f.
O\lquote{}ahu: M\u257\'3fnoa Ridge, 13 Feb 1917, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 169>
8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,4/6 24,3
25,1 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2
48,2 53,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,5 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.78
75,0.89 76,0.85 77,0.54 78,0.71 79,0.67 80,1.07 81,1.71 82,1.36 83,0.39 84,2.15
85,2.55 86,1.17 90<Known from about six specimens from wet to mesic forest,
primarily in the Koolau range, with one recent specimen from the Waianae
range> 92<Fullaway separated \i{}S. rufomandibulata\i0{} from this species based
on the coriaceous but slightly shining microsculpture, but that character
clearly varies within species to some degree as demonstrated in \i{}S.
olympiana\i0{} and others. All other characters, including the unusual reddish,
moderately broad, ventrally distinctly concave mandibles, match. I have chosen
\i{}S. subcrispa\i0{} because the type is in better condition>

# \i{}Sierola suttoniae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 39A\endash{}C, Map 32> 2<\i{}Sierola suttoniae\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:80\par{}\i{}Sierola arida\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:102 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<Among species with a sharp to weak clypeal carina and densely setose basal
wing cells, readily recognized by the dark infuscate wings and slightly twisted
mandibles, easily seen in lateral view. Very similar to \i{}S. lanihuliana\i0{}
which has the wings hyaline and the mandibles usually brownish> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala 2500', 4 Mar 1917, on
\i{}Suttonia\i0{} [= \i{}Myrsine\i0{}] \i{}lessertiana\i0{}, P.H. Timberlake,
BPBM Type 18> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2/3 13,2 14,3 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1
22,4 23,2 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,2 65,1 66,1-3 67,11 69,4
70,1 71,1 74,1.91 75,0.93 76,0.92 77,0.60 78,0.90 79,0.76 80,1.19 81,1.76
82,1.44 83,0.45 84,2.28 85,2.77 86,1.50 90<Found in wet forest around the
summits of Kaala and Palikea in the Waianae range, and close to the Koolau
crestline. Most abundant April-August> 91<Taken on a variety of plants, but
predominantly \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum\i0{} and \i{}Broussaisia arguta\i0{},
and restricted to areas where those occur> 92<The dark wings are very unusual
among \i{}Sierola\i0{}, making it easily recognizable. Among other O\lquote{}ahu
species, only \i{}S. pano\i0{} has the wings distinctly infuscate. Fullaway
separated \i{}S. arida\i0{} from \i{}S. suttoniae\i0{} early in his key based on
the clypeus, but they are identical in that as well as the twisted mandibles,
infuscate wings, and all other characters>

# \i{}Sierola swezeyi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 39D\endash{}F, Map 32> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola swezeyi\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:116\par{}> 3<Aberrant within the group of species with the clypeal carina
thin, laminate, and highly arched, by having the frons moderately punctate above
rather than very dense all over. Separated from the similar \i{}S. fusca\i0{} by
the narrow head (WH/LH ~0.78), frons densely punctate between the eyes, and
mandibles slightly concave ventrally> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
K\u333\'3fn\u257\'3fhuanui, 23 Feb 1914, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 88> 8,5 10,3
11,3 12,1 13,1 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,3 24,3 25,2 26,1
28,1 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2
53,4 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.86
75,0.92 76,0.78 77,0.56 78,0.79 79,0.73 80,1.08 81,1.71 82,1.25 83,0.39 84,2.29
85,2.80 86,1.33 90<Rare, known from a handful of specimens from the summit
ridges of both the Waianae and Koolau ranges>

# \i{}Sierola tenebriosa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 39G\endash{}I, Map 33> 2<\i{}Sierola tenebriosa\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:112\par{}\i{}Sierola willardi\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:158 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging to the large group of species with the basal wing
cells densely setose, clypeus carinate and evenly curved, and mandibles narrow
and parallel-sided to slightly concave ventrally without any modifications.
Forming a closely related complex with \i{}S. anemophila\i0{} and \i{}S.
nigra\i0{}, denoted by the broad, deep head (WH/LH 0.87-0.94, DH/LH 0.60-0.64).
Separated from those species by the coarse, granular frons microsculpture and
microreticulate metasoma; the mandibles are also often orange-brown to yellow>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Olympus, 31 Jul 1917, P.H. Timberlake,
BPBM Type 81> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1
22,2 23,1/3 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2
42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,2 65,1
66,1-4 67,1/7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.93 75,0.97 76,0.89<0.89-0.95>
77,0.60<0.60-0.64> 78,0.61<0.53-0.72> 79,0.56<0.45-0.62> 80,1.09<1.02-1.17>
81,1.68<1.61-1.81> 82,1.15<1.10-1.35> 83,0.38 84,2.22<1.89-2.5>
85,2.35<2.35-2.67> 86,1.33<1.20-1.68> 88<N = 21> 90<Found in wet areas, around
the peaks of Kaala, Kalena, and Palikea in the Waianae range and lower down in
the Koolau range> 92<One paratype is a specimen of \i{}S. manoa\i0{}.
\i{}Sierola willardi\i0{} was distinguished by having the mandibles and femora
all dark brown to black. In most species these seem to be good characters, but
an examination of the full series of specimens otherwise falling under these
taxa shows they cannot reliably separate them into two groups. Specimens with
the legs completely yellow usually have the mandibles yellow to reddish brown,
but a few have black mandibles, and some with black mandibles have the legs dark
only basally. Given the restricted, overlapping distribution of both and lack of
any other distinguishing characters, I regard them as synonyms. Also see
comments under \i{}S. anemophila\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola tenuiceps\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 39J\endash{}L, Map 32> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola tenuiceps\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:148\par{}> 3<A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable
by the head which is narrow in dorsal view and rhomboid in lateral view, little
tapered from the occiput to the clypeus. The clypeus is quite high, raised well
above the antennal sockets, and steep and short in profile> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Honolulu, Apr 1916, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM Type 151> 8,5
10,5 11,4 12,9 13,5 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,10 24,1 25,6
26,1 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,3 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,2 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,2
48,3 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,14 66,1 67,1 69,2 70,2 71,3 74,1.26
75,0.74 76,0.72 77,0.56 78,1.07 79,0.94 80,1.13 81,1.65 82,1.60 83,0.38 84,2.00
85,3.14 86,1.40 90<Found primarily in lowland and coastal sites, highest record
at 2000 ft. elevation. Now rare, most recent collection 1959> 91<At least two
specimens were taken from wood, both from introduced trees> 92<This unique
species is one of a handful from lowland habitats. These sites are now highly
disturbed and few native insects inhabit them, but they are often not surveyed
for native insects, and it may persist in areas such as those where the coastal
\i{}Hylaeus\i0{} bees live. All specimens have minute dots in the basal wing
cells as if setae were broken off, but not even the most intact have any
present>

# \i{}Sierola tenuis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 39M\endash{}O, Map 33> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola tenuis\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:94\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Separated from nearly all others by the very narrow, compressed head
(WH/LH 0.72-0.77, DH/LH 0.50-0.53) and the swollen hind femur (HFL/HFW
1.80-2.40). Distinguished from \i{}S. hirticeps\i0{}, which has a similarly
narrow head, by the generally pale coloration of the legs and mandibles.
Specimens of this species and \i{}S. usitata\i0{} on the extreme ranges of head
width and depth may overlap, but \i{}S. tenuis\i0{} always has a distinctive
gestalt in frontodorsal view, appearing long and narrow even when the
measurements are identical> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
P\u257\'3flolo, 3 Jan 1915, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 45> 8,5 10,3 11,3 12,1 13,1
14,13 15,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,6 21,1 22,2 23,7 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,3 57,2 58,1
59,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3-5 67,5 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.63 75,0.87
76,0.73<0.72-0.77> 77,0.51<0.50-0.53> 78,0.81 79,0.79 80,1.03 81,1.66
82,1.60<1.40-1.60> 83,0.34 84,1.87<1.76-1.97> 85,2.00<1.81-2.38>
86,1.00<1.00-1.20> 88<N = 15> 90<Widespread in both the Koolau and Waianae
ranges, primarily in mesic forest> 92<The coloration of the mandibles and legs
appears to be more variable in this species than others of the
\i{}olympiana\i0{} group, but does not divide into any clearly separable groups.
The legs are almost always at least tinged with brown on the hind femora, and
the mandibles range on a continuum from dark brown to nearly yellow. The narrow
appearance of the head in frontodorsal view is distinctive, due to the somewhat
protruding eyes and narrow head behind them, making it recognizable even from
very similar species such as \i{}S. usitata\i0{}. See notes under \i{}S.
femoralis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola testaceipes\i0{} <Cameron, 1881>/
1<Figure 40A\endash{}C, Map 32> 2<\i{}Sierola testaceipes\i0{} Cameron,
1881:556\par{}\i{}Sierola brunneiventris\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:149 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola pubescens\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:97 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola tantalea\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:90 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Among the broad mandible species, almost unique in having the
basal wing cells nearly glabrous. The only similar species is \i{}S.
huapoo\i0{}, which has the head much shorter and more convex dorsally. The
densely pubescent venter of the head is also almost unique in the Hawaiian
species, with only the very different \i{}S. kunihi\i0{} approaching it. The
head is also generally deeper than most similar species, DH/LH 0.58-0.60>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. [card with specimen with Blackburn code for O\lquote{}ahu
and \ldblquote{}94\rdblquote{}], \ldblquote{}Sandwich Islands, ?Oahu, Blackburn,
Rare. 2 sp only taken\rdblquote{}, NHMUK Type 13.193> 8,5 10,3 11,3 12,2 13,5
14,1 15,1 16,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,3 37,3 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 54,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.78 75,0.94 76,0.79 77,0.58 78,1.08
79,0.90 80,1.20 81,1.73 82,1.87 83,0.39 84,1.86 85,2.21 86,0.87 90<Primarily
taken from the vicinity of Tantalus in the Ko\lquote{}olau range, with one
record from Hale\lquote{}au\lquote{}au in the Wai\lquote{}anae range. Moderately
common through 1908, but only a few specimens taken after that; last collected
in 1930> 91<Apparently associated with \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, but the exact host
is unknown. The record of \i{}S. tantalea\i0{} reared from \i{}Merimnetria
homoxyla\i0{} (Walsingham) (Gelechiidae) in Swezey (1954, p. 95) is based on
dark specimens of \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{}. One specimen is recorded as
\ldblquote{}ex koa leaves where had been a batch of \i{}Rhyncogonus\i0{}
eggs,\rdblquote{} but it is extremely unlikely that these were a larval host>
92<The type is glued onto a card so that the distinctive dense ventral
pubescence of the head is not clearly visible, but some can be seen at the
posterior margin and all other characters match \i{}S. brunneiventris\i0{},
\i{}S. pubescens\i0{}, and \i{}S. tantalea\i0{}, which cannot be separated from
each other. All other specimens collected by Perkins and others where the
ventral head is visible have this dense setation. The shape of the clypeal
carina in lateral view varies slightly among the specimens, but not
significantly. Other species have been widely misidentified as \i{}S.
testaceipes\i0{}, particularly by Ashmead who assigned the majority of
Perkins\rquote{} specimens to it; only one of the 79 specimens at NHMUK
identified as \ldblquote{}\i{}S. testaceipes\i0{}\rdblquote{} actually is it. In
addition, three of Fullaway\rquote{}s \i{}S. pubescens\i0{} paratypes and three
\i{}S. tantalea\i0{} paratypes are \i{}S. cryptophlebiae\i0{} (the latter are
not mentioned as paratypes by Fullaway but bear paratype labels), and one \i{}S.
tantalea\i0{} paratype is \i{}S. striata\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola timberlakei\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 40D\endash{}F, Map 33> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola timberlakei\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:96\par{}> 3<Together with \i{}S. olena\i0{} and \i{}S.
vicina\i0{}, immediately recognizable as the only Oahu species that are
predominantly testaceous to yellow, including the head. Closer to \i{}S.
olena\i0{}, with the basal wing cells densely setose, relatively long frons
setae, A3 short (1.05-1.25 times as long as wide), and the metasoma mostly
polished. Distinct from that species in the shape of the head, which is more
strongly convex ventrally in lateral view, posterior corners more rounded in
dorsal view, and ocellar triangle weakly to strongly obtuse rather than strongly
acute. Several morphometric measures differ on average, but OOL/WOT and FL/FW
separate them consistently (1.20-1.45 and 1.90-2.04 respectively in \i{}S.
timberlakei\i0{}, and 1.50-1.80 and 2.04-2.30 in \i{}S. olena\i0{}). The body
coloration is similarly variable in both species but the mandibles are always
dark apically in \i{}S. olena\i0{}, and all yellow in \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}.
Specimens of \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{} from the Wai\lquote{}anae range
consistently have the femora brownish, which also distinguishes them from \i{}S.
olena\i0{} which has the legs all yellow (Ko\lquote{}olau \i{}S.
timberlakei\i0{} also have the legs all yellow, but \i{}S. olena\i0{} has not
been found there)> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Tantalus, 13 Aug 1911,
reared from larva of \i{}Batrachedra\i0{} [= \i{}Batrachedrodes\i0{}]
\i{}sophroniella\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 49> 8,5 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,13
15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,1 30,5
31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,4 55,1/2 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,1 61,6 62,3 63,10 65,14 66,5 67,1/11 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.93 75,0.97
76,0.88<0.87-0.91> 77,0.58<0.57-0.62> 78,0.70<0.69-0.79> 79,0.64<0.61-0.68>
80,1.10<1.06-1.18> 81,1.73<1.68-1.76> 82,1.28<1.21-1.43> 83,0.41
84,1.93<1.88-2.04> 85,2.33<2.29-2.67> 86,1.17<1.07-1.23> 88<N = 12> 90<Found
widely in mesic forest in the Koolau and southern Waianae ranges, with one
specimen from the far northwest Waianae> 91<The holotype was reared from
\i{}Batrachedrodes sophroniella\i0{} (Walsingham) (Batrachedridae), which feeds
on sporangia of the endemic fern \i{}Cyclosorus cyatheoides\i0{}> 92<The
Ko\lquote{}olau and Wai\lquote{}anae populations may represent separate species
or incipient species. This is the only taxon seen where leg color varies
geographically, and while the overall morphometrics represent the expected
variation seen in others, the Ko\lquote{}olau specimens are all on the low end
of DH/LH, OOL/WOT, and HFL/HFW while the Wai\lquote{}anae specimens are all on
the high end. Unfortunately only three Ko\lquote{}olau specimens are available
for comparison, including the type; several more are in collections but are
missing their heads>

# \i{}Sierola tuberculata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 40G\endash{}I, Map 33> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola tuberculata\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:130\par{}> 3<Belonging to a complex of species with the head
strongly produced ventrally, appearing triangular in lateral view, and clypeus
lacking a sharp carina. Separated from similar species by the densely setose
basal wing cells, mandibles not twisted or bent at the base, and distinct, broad
postgenal depression> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae
mountains, 5 Mar 1911, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 116> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,6 13,3
14,5 15,1 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4
31,2 33,2 34,2 35,3 36,1 37,6 39,2 41,4 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,4 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.13 75,1.09 76,0.94
77,0.65 78,0.62 79,0.52 80,1.20 81,1.67 82,1.42 83,0.36 84,1.95 85,2.31 86,1.14
90<Known only from two specimens, both taken in the Waianae range. Last seen in
1930> 91<Possibly associated with grasses, one specimen collected from
\i{}Eragrostis\i0{}> 92<This species is very rare but distinctive. Few recent
collections have been made on native grasses, so it may persist in some areas>

# \i{}Sierola tumidoventris\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 40J\endash{}L, Map 34> 2<\i{}Sierola tumidoventris\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:109\par{}\i{}Sierola magna\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:75 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}>
3<Among species with broad, nearly parallel-sided mandibles, separated by the
moderately setose basal wing cells, and elongate, sharply carinate clypeus which
is more or less evenly sloping in lateral view. Closest to \i{}S. koloa\i0{},
distinguished by having the mandible apex straight, with the ventral tooth long.
Also similar to the much more common \i{}S. celeris\i0{} and \i{}S.
striata\i0{}, from which it is separated by the dark legs, flatter head, and
strongly expanded hind femur (DH/LH ~0.50 vs. 0.55, HFL/HFW 2.20-2.40 vs.
2.50-2.90). A3 is short, as wide or wider than long, compared to 1.15-1.35 times
as long as wide in the other three species> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu:
Cooke\rquote{}s trail, Nu\lquote{}uanu Valley, 20 Aug 1916, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM
Type 73> 8,5 10,4/8 11,4 12,2 13,4 14,2 15,1 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3
23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,5 44,2
46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1
71,1 74,1.88 75,0.87 76,0.79 77,0.50 78,1.18 79,0.90 80,1.31 81,1.65 82,2.25
83,0.43 84,2.21 85,2.21 86,0.88 90<Known from only two specimens, both from the
southeastern Koolau range. Last collected in 1916> 92<This species is very
similar to \i{}S. celeris\i0{} and \i{}S. striata\i0{}; it is maintained as
distinct based on the consistent leg color, hind femur, and deeper head in those
species. The clypeus is also larger in dorsal view, parallel-sided for some
distance at the base before rounding to the apex. The type of \i{}S. magna\i0{}
is virtually identical, differing from that of \i{}S. tumidoventris\i0{} only in
having the clypeus straighter in lateral view and the basal wing cells slightly
less setose. The former character is similarly variable in the related \i{}S.
celeris\i0{} and \i{}S. striata\i0{}, and the wing cells of the \i{}S.
magna\i0{} specimen appear to be abraded. The wing cells are somewhat
intermediate in both, as well as in some specimens of \i{}S. celeris\i0{} and
\i{}S. striata\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola uhiwai\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 40M\endash{}O, Map 34> 3<Although somewhat difficult to key out due to
the intermediate state of some characters, this species is easily recognizable
once seen. The weakly carinate clypeus and yellow, strongly concave mandibles
set it apart from all except the closely related \i{}S. aniani\i0{} and \i{}S.
halona\i0{}, from which it is distinguished by the clypeus being steeply sloping
and nearly straight in lateral view rather than strongly curved, legs at least
partly brown, and basal wing cells usually intermediate between densely and
sparsely setose> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}uhiwai\i0{}, heavy mist, referring to
the usually foggy and rainy summit of Kaala where this species is abundantly
found. It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 14 Apr 1966, C.M. Yoshimoto, BPBM Type 17941> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 14 Apr 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, near
Pu\lquote{}u K\u333?n\u257?huanui 2800', 24 Mar 1982, W.D. Perreira, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u333?n\u257?huanui 3100', 27 Aug 1983, W.D. Perreira, BPBM.
2\u9794?, Mt Ka\lquote{}ala summit, 4 Jul 1994, ex \i{}Syzygium
sandwicense\i0{}, A. Asquith, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mt Ka\lquote{}ala summit, 4 Jul
1994, A. Asquith, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr.
3850', 21.5025\u176?N 158.1492\u176?W, 1 Aug 2013, under leaves, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 3\u9792? 2\u9794?, Ka\lquote{}ala summit, E face 3950', 21.5057\u176?N
158.1412\u176?W, 10 Feb 2014, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
4\u9792? 1\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850', 21.5028\u176?N
158.1491\u176?W, 14 May 2015, on \i{}Broussaisia arguta, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH. 1\u9792? 3\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850',
21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 14 May 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 3\u9792? 1\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr.
3850', 21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 14 May 2015, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM. 6\u9792?, Ka\lquote{}ala summit, E face 3950', 21.5057\u176?N
158.1412\u176?W, 2 Jun 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 4\u9792? 2\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850',
21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 28 Apr 2016, on \i{}Broussaisia arguta,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 7\u9792?, Ka\lquote{}ala summit, SE face 3850',
21.5017\u176?N 158.1442\u176?W, 4 May 2016, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 2\u9792?, Ka\lquote{}ala transect, 665 m 3850', 21.5028\u176?N
158.1441\u176?W, 11 Aug 2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 2\u9792? 3\u9794?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850',
21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 9 Feb 2017, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850',
21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 9 Feb 2017, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 7\u9792?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850', 21.5028\u176?N
158.1491\u176?W, 9 Feb 2017, on \i{}Broussaisia arguta, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
HDOA. 4\u9792?, Wai\lquote{}anae-Ka\lquote{}ala Tr. 3850', 21.5028\u176?N
158.1491\u176?W, 16 May 2017, on \i{}Melicope, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM> 8,5
10,5 11,3 12,3 13,4 14,6 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,4
26,1 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,4 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,2 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,3 47,1
48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,6 67,15 69,2 70,1 71,1-2 74,2.00
75,1.00 76,0.97 77,0.64 78,0.70 79,0.58 80,1.21 81,1.70 82,1.09 83,0.43 84,2.17
85,2.70 86,1.80 90<Occurring only in cloud forests at the summits of
Ka\lquote{}ala and K\u333?n\u257?huanui. Large numbers have been collected
recently, though only eight were taken before 2014 and none before 1966. Most
specimens collected April-July> 91<Found on a variety of plants, but most
abundantly on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum\i0{} and \i{}Melicope\i0{} sp. Males
are found abundantly on the former but rarely on the latter. One female was
observed chewing into a leaf mine in \i{}Melicope\i0{}> 92<The basal wing cell
setation is somewhat variable, and often intermediate. This species forms a
complex with the extremely similar \i{}S. aniani\i0{} and \i{}S. halona\i0{}.
These may represent ecomorphs in the process of speciation. Those from the wet
summits of Ka\lquote{}ala and K\u333?n\u257?huanui consistently have the clypeal
carina short and straight and the basal wing cells intermediate between sparsely
and densely setose (\i{}S. uhiwai\i0{}); those from lower elevation mesic forest
have the clypeal carina curved and more elongate, and the wing cells sparsely
setose (\i{}S. halona\i0{}) or fully glabrous (\i{}S. aniani\i0{}). They are
otherwise virtually identical in morphometrics and other characters>

# \i{}Sierola urerae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 41A\endash{}C, Map 34> 3<Belonging to the group of species with a
sharp, somewhat strongly arched clypeal carina, basal wing cells sparsely
setose, genal angle absent, frons microsculpture coriaceous to granular, and
legs predominantly yellow. Separated from most similar species by the yellow
mandibles which are parallel-sided or only weakly concave ventrally, frons
densely punctate between the eyes, and head deep. Very similar to \i{}S.
manoa\i0{}, distinguished by having the frons setae short, vertex and genal
setae not differentiated, clypeus rather short and steeply curved, head deeper
(DH/LH 0.62-0.65 vs. 0.60-0.62), and fore femora extremely narrow (FL/FW ~2.40
vs. ~2.20)> 4<Named for plant it is most commonly found on, \i{}Urera
glabra\i0{} (\u333?puhe, Urticaceae)> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea
3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 9 Dec 2015, on \i{}Urera glabra,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17942> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Makaleha, Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 8 Jan 1922, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Makaleha, Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 8 Jan 1922, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central
Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4603\u176?N 158.1004\u176?W, 26 Jun 2014,
on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Wai\lquote{}anae, K\u363?maip\u333? gulch 4 2200', 21.4990\u176?N
158.1533\u176?W, 12 Feb 2015, on \i{}Urera glabra, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 15 Apr 2015, on
\i{}Pipturus albidus, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
\lquote{}\u274?kahanui, gulch 2D 2400', 21.4389\u176?N 158.0938\u176?W, 5 May
2016, on \i{}Passiflora, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central
Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4603\u176?N 158.1004\u176?W, 30 Jun 2016,
on \i{}Planchonella sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792?, Palikea
3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 20 Jul 2016, on self, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central Kalua\lquote{}\u257? Gulch 2200', 21.4603\u176?N
158.1004\u176?W, 26 Apr 2017, on \i{}Pisonia sandwicensis, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000', 21.4128\u176?N 158.0997\u176?W, 13 Sep 2017, on
\i{}Coprosma longifolia, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, UHIM. 1\u9792? 2\u9794?, Palikea
3000', 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 26 Sep 2017, on \i{}Urera glabra,
\i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,4 23,1/3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,2 41,1 42,4 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,1 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,3 63,14 65,11
66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,2.06 75,1.00 76,0.92 77,0.64 78,0.70 79,0.62 80,1.13
81,1.76 82,1.39 83,0.43 84,2.39 85,2.76 86,1.50 90<Known only from the Waianae
range, but the Koolau range has not been adequately searched for
\i{}Urera\i0{}> 91<Apparently associated with \i{}Urera glabra\i0{}
(Urticaceae); nearly half the specimens were taken on it, while other species
are found on it relatively infrequently. Swezey (1954) mentions a species of
\i{}Sierola\i0{} being reared from \i{}Udea platyleuca\i0{} (Meyrick)
(Crambidae), which feeds on \i{}U. glabra\i0{}. However, those specimens could
not been located to confirm the identity of the wasp. The only other
\i{}Sierola\i0{} reared from \i{}Udea\i0{} is \i{}S. manoa\i0{}, which is very
similar to \i{}S. urerae\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola usitata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 41D\endash{}F, Map 34> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola usitata\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:87\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Forming a species complex with \i{}S. femoralis\i0{}, \i{}S.
hirticeps\i0{}, and \i{}S. tenuis\i0{} based on having a broad hind femur
(HFL/HFW 1.80-2.40) and the head narrow and elongate behind the eyes, OOL/WOT
1.33-1.55. Separated from those by the combination of a slightly deeper and
broader head (WH/LH 0.76-0.82, DH/LH 0.53-0.54), dark brown to black mandibles,
and A3 at least slightly longer than wide> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu:
Kaumuohona, 9 Sep 1917, P.H. Timberlake, BPBM Type 31> 8,5 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1
14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 49,3 53,2 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,11 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.03 75,1.02
76,0.77<0.76-0.82> 77,0.54<0.53-0.54> 78,0.83 79,0.75 80,1.11 81,1.68
82,1.37<1.35-1.51> 83,0.46 84,1.89<1.88-2.00> 85,2.27<2.00-2.40>
86,1.17<1.00-1.30> 88<N = 5> 90<Rare, known only from five specimens, but from
both the Koolau and Waianae ranges> 92<Compared to \i{}S. tenuis\i0{}, with
which it overlaps in head width, the head behind the eyes is not so narrowed so
it does not have the same distinctive appearance in dorsal or frontodorsal view.
One paratype is a specimen of \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}. See notes under \i{}S.
femoralis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola vestita\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 41G\endash{}I, Map 35> 2<\i{}Sierola vestita\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:114\par{}\i{}Sierola robusta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:124 \b{}n.
syn.\b0{}\par{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin
clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae, and densely punctate
frons. Similar to \i{}S. olympiana\i0{}, \i{}S. pano\i0{}, and related species
based on the black mandibles and moderately wide head (WH/LH 0.77-0.84).
Distinguished by the combination of hyaline wings, moderately broad femora
(FL/FW 1.80-1.95, HFL/HFW 2.20-2.45), and the third antennal segment short,
1.0-1.2 times as long as wide. These characters are shared with \i{}S.
opogonae\i0{}, but that species has the head broader and deeper (WH/LH
0.84-0.88, DH/LH 0.56-0.61). The color pattern of the legs is distinctive, with
the femora predominantly dark but broadly yellow apically and usually with a
conspicuous apicomedial yellow mark of varying size on the fore femur (also
found in \i{}S. pano\i0{}, which has infuscate wings and long antennae)>
5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae mountains, 5 Mar 1911,
D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 84> 8,5 10,1/3 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,3-4 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,2
36,2 37,1 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1
65,12 66,1 67,11 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.76 75,0.92 76,0.83<0.80-0.84>
77,0.54<0.54-0.56> 78,0.64 79,0.60 80,1.07<1.05-1.11> 81,1.70<1.65-1.75>
82,1.40<1.20-1.40> 83,0.41 84,1.88<1.80-1.94> 85,2.26<2.23-2.44>
86,1.10<1.00-1.29> 88<N = 13> 90<Found only in the Waianae range, taken mainly
around Kaala and Palikea> 92<The unique type of \i{}S. robusta\i0{} matches
\i{}S. vestita\i0{} in all characters, including the distinctive triangular
clypeus. See comments under \i{}S. opogonae\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola vicina\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 41J\endash{}L, Map 35> 3<Superficially very similar to \i{}S.
olena\i0{} and \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, as the three species on Oahu with the
body predominantly yellow-testaceous. Distinctly different from both of those
species by the rather weakly carinate clypeus, microreticulate metasoma, short
frons setae, apparently sparsely setose basal wing cells, and distinctly
elongate A3 (about 1.5-1.8 times as long as wide compared to 1.05-1.25 for the
others). Other characters are a mix of the two: matching \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}
in the all yellow mandibles, rounded posterior corners of the head, WH/LH, and
OOL/WOT, and like \i{}S. olena\i0{} in the acute ocellar triangle front angle
and HFL/HFW. FL/FW is on the boundary between the two> 4<From the Latin
\i{}vicina\i0{}, neighbor, referring to both the similarity of this species to
\i{}S. timberlakei\i0{} and that the types of both were collected at Tantalus.
It is a noun in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792? and allotype \u9794?.
O\lquote{}ahu: Mt. Tantalus, 10 Mar 1935, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 17943> 8,5 10,5
11,4 12,2/3 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,1 24,1 25,2
26,1 27,3 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,3 46,4 47,1 48,2
56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 62,3 63,10 65,14 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 74,1.96
75,1.02 76,0.90 77,0.58 78,0.70 79,0.67 80,1.05 81,1.82 82,1.37 83,0.36 84,2.00
85,2.80 86,1.67 90<Very rare, known only from the type collection from Tantalus
in the southeastern Koolau range> 92<At first glance this species appears
nearly identical to \i{}S. timberlakei\i0{}, and was previously included under
it, but close inspection shows it differs in a number of key characters as
listed in the diagnosis. The female holotype is not in good condition and the
head has been reglued to the body, but all characters are visible>

# \i{}Sierola waianaeana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
1<Figure 41M\endash{}O, Map 35> 2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola waianaeana\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:155\par{}> 3<Very closely related and similar to \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{}, including the distinct outwardly convex mandibles.
Differentiated by the sparsely setose basal wing cells (only one row of setae in
cell 1Cu, but up to three in R) and less punctate frons. Among other species
with sparsely setose wing cells, it can be separated by the very short, almost
transverse clypeus, broad front femur (FL/FW ~1.8) and coriaceous frons
microsculpture> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. O\lquote{}ahu: Wai\lquote{}anae
mountains, 5 Mar 1911, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 165> 8,5 10,5/6 11,4 12,2 13,2/3
14,10 15,4 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,2-3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,3 61,2 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,2 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.86 75,0.92 76,0.86
77,0.55 78,0.77 79,0.71 80,1.09 81,1.75 82,1.50 83,0.34 84,1.82 85,2.00 86,1.00
90<Rare, known from only three specimens, but found in both the Waianae and
Koolau ranges and as recently as 2014> 92<The host associations are not known,
but this species is apparently found in wetter sites than the similar \i{}S.
gracilariae\i0{}, and not in association with \i{}Diospyros\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola weawea\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 42A\endash{}C, Map 36> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate,
short and steep in lateral view, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; close to
\i{}S. kilohana\i0{}, but readily distinguished by the small head, narrowed
anteriorly, with the ocellar triangle distinctly obtuse and lateral ocelli close
to the vertex. Very similar to \i{}S. weawea\i0{}, separated only by the open
cell 2R1 and OOL/WOT slightly greater (1.55\endash{}1.75 vs. ~1.45)> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}we\u699?awe\u699?a\i0{}, streaked, spotted, or faded, referring to
the variable coloration> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Ka\u699?ala summit,
NE face 3500' [1070 m], 21.5085\u176?N 158.1403\u176?W, 12 Sep 2013, on
\i{}Touchardia latifolia\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBMENT 2008013411> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, Tantalus 1300' [400 m], 4 Aug 1912, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 4\u9792?,
Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 14 Sep 1930, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 4\u9792?,
Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 14 Sep 1930, on \i{}Myrsine\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
2\u9792?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 14 Sep 1930, on \i{}Elaeocarpus bifidus\i0{},
O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 14 Sep 1930, on
\i{}Melicope\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au,
14 Sep 1930, on Acacia koa, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kukuiala Val., 16 Sep
1933, on \i{}Elaeocarpus bifidus\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9794?, Waiawa, 8
Jun 1921, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 13 Mar 1932, on
\i{}Elaeocarpus bifidus\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au,
15 Oct 1933, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum\i0{}, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 3\u9792?
1\u9794?, Hale\u699?au\u699?au, 28 Apr 1935, on ex \i{}Diplazium arnottii\i0{},
O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kukuiala Val., 9 Feb 1936, on Euphorbia, O.H.
Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Central \u699?\u274?kahanui Gulch: E of Pu\u699?u Kaua
670 m [2200'], 10 Oct 1971, on \i{}Urera glabra\i0{}, W.C. Gagn\u233?, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Wai\u699?anae-Ka\u699?ala Tr. 3850' [1170 m], 21.5025\u176?N
158.1492\u176?W, 1 Aug 2013, K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 3\u9792? 1\u9794?, Ka\u699?ala
summit, NE face 3500' [1070 m], 21.5085\u176?N 158.1403\u176?W, 12 Sep 2013, on
\i{}Touchardia latifolia\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792?, Central
Kalua\u699?a Gulch 2200' [670 m], 21.4603\u176?N 158.1004\u176?W, 26 Jun 2014,
on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 2\u9792?, East
Makaleha, culvert 69 3400' [1040 m], 21.5112\u176?N 158.1484\u176?W, 8 Sep 2014,
on \i{}Kadua centranthoides\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 2\u9792?, P\u257?hole
Gulch, gulch 3 2050' [625 m], 21.5362\u176?N 158.1862\u176?W, 20 Oct 2014, on
\i{}Urera glabra\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u257?hole Gulch, gulch 3
2050' [625 m], 21.5362\u176?N 158.1862\u176?W, 20 Oct 2014, on \i{}Euphorbia
herbstii\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000' [915 m],
21.4145\u176?N 158.0988\u176?W, 9 Mar 2015, on \i{}Pisonia brunoniana\i0{}, K.N.
Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9794?, Palikea 3000' [915 m], 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W,
21 Dec 2016, on \i{}Perottetia sandwicensis\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792?,
Palikea 3000' [915 m], 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 24 Jan 2018, on
\i{}Perottetia sandwicensis\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9794?, Palikea 3000'
[915 m], 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W, 21 Feb 2019, on \i{}Kadua affinis\i0{},
K.N. Magnacca, KNMC> 8,5 10,5-12 11,4-5 12,3 13,3 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,2 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,3 41,1 42,4 44,1 45,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,4
61,1 62,2 63,21<coloration variable, sometimes nearly all black with small pale
areas> 65,11 66,5<brownish at the base> 67,4 69,1 70,1 71,2 73,3 74,1.77 75,0.83
76,0.88<0.83-0.88> 77,0.58<0.56-0.59> 78,0.83<0.83-0.94> 79,0.69<0.69-0.76>
80,1.20<1.17-1.23> 81,1.64<1.64-1.70> 82,1.59<1.57-1.73> 83,0.39
84,2.00<1.91-2.00> 85,2.32<2.11-2.32> 86,1.08<1.08-1.30> 88<N = 8> 90<Widespread
in wet and mesic forest in the Wai\u699?anae range, rare in the Ko\u699?olau
range>

# \i{}Sierola wehe\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 42D\endash{}F, Map 35> 3<The combination of smooth, sparsely punctate
frons, weakly to sharply carinate clypeus, sparsely setose basal wing cells, and
strongly obtuse ocellar triangle separates this species from most others.
Distinguished from the remainder by having cell 2R1 partially open, a character
otherwise found only in \i{}S. weawea\i0{} and \i{}S. welau\i0{} which are very
different> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}wehe\i0{}, to go away, referring to the lack
of recent collections of this species> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\u699?ala, W. side, 1 Jun 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBMENT 2008013411> 8,5 10,5 11,3
12,2/3 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,11 24,1 25,4 26,1
28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1
51,1 52,7 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3-4 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,2
73,3 74,1.58 75,0.76 76,0.88 77,0.55 78,0.68 79,0.64 80,1.06 81,1.76 82,1.33
83,0.35 84,1.87 85,2.20 86,1.09 90<Known only from the type collection in 1919,
at Ka\u699?ala> 92<A second specimen collected on the same day may also be this
species; it is distinctly larger, the mandibles are broader and concave
ventrally, and the clypeus is less prolonged anteriorly in profile, but there
are no clear characters for separating them. It is not considered a paratype>

# \i{}Sierola welau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 41G\endash{}I, Map 36> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and genal setae,
and densely punctate frons. Nearly identical to \i{}S. hirsuta\i0{} in having
moderately narrow head (WH/LH 0.77-0.80) and yellow to orange mandibles and
legs. Distinguished by having cell 2R1 open (Rs vein not quite meeting anterior
wing margin), slightly larger OOL/WOT (1.40\endash{}1.55 vs. 1.10\endash{}1.40),
and usually broader hind femora (2.15\endash{}2.57 vs. 2.53\endash{}2.86,
typical specimens much different) which are usually distinctly brownish rather
than all yellow> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}w\u275?lau\i0{}, tip or extremity,
referring to the collections of this species all coming from the highest peaks
of the Wai\u699?anae range> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Palikea 3000'
[915 m], 21.4150\u176?N 158.0993\u176?W, 24 Jul 2017, on \i{}Melicope\i0{}, K.N.
Magnacca, BPBMENT 2008013411> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u H\u257?papa 2650'
[810 m], 21.4665\u176?N 158.1028\u176?W, 15 Jul 2014, on \i{}Pisonia
umbellifera\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?ala-Kalena crestline
3100' [950 m], 21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Apr 2015, on \i{}Cheirodendron
trigynum\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?ala-Kalena crestline 3100'
[950 m], 21.4933\u176?N 158.1379\u176?W, 22 Apr 2015, on \i{}Ilex anomala\i0{},
K.N. Magnacca, NMNH. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?ala summit, E face 3950' [1200 m],
21.5057\u176?N 158.1412\u176?W, 2 Jun 2015, on \i{}Labordia\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca,
NMNH. 1\u9792?, Palikea 3000' [915 m], 21.4146\u176?N 158.0999\u176?W, 9 Apr
2016, on \i{}Antidesma platyphyllum\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 1\u9792?,
Wai\u699?anae-Ka\u699?ala Tr. 3850' [1170 m], 21.5028\u176?N 158.1491\u176?W, 28
Apr 2016, on \i{}Broussaisia arguta\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, HDOA. 2\u9792?,
Ka\u699?ala transect, 665 m 3850' [1170 m], 21.5028\u176?N 158.1441\u176?W, 11
Aug 2016, on \i{}Cheirodendron trigynum\i0{}, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM.> 8,5 10,3-4
11,3 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,2 26,1
28,3 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,4-5 67,22 69,1 70,1
71,1 73,3 74,1.77 75,0.88 76,0.77<0.77-0.80> 77,0.53<0.52-0.55>
78,0.71<0.63-0.79> 79,0.72<0.65-0.79> 80,0.98<0.98-1.01> 81,1.69<1.69-1.74>
82,1.44<1.40-1.53> 83,0.40 84,1.96<1.87-2.00> 85,2.41<2.15-2.57>
86,1.20<1.20-1.23> 88<N = 9> 90<Found in the Wai\u699?anae range on the higher
peaks of Ka\u699?ala, Palikea, and Pu\u699?u H\u257?papa>

# \i{}Sierola xanthodera\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 42J\endash{}L, Map 36> 3<Bicolored, with the clypeus weakly carinate
and basal wing cells densely setose. Readily distinguished from similar species
(\i{}S. similaris\i0{} and \i{}S. centralis\i0{}) by the peculiar bulbous
clypeus and presence of a slight genal angle. In all known specimens only the
pronotum is yellow whereas the entire prothorax is yellow in the other species,
but this may be variable> 4<From the Greek \i{}xantho\i0{}, yellow, and
\i{}dero\i0{}, neck, for the striking orange-yellow pronotum. It is an adjective
in the nominative singular> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Kapuna,
Mokul\u275?\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321\u176?N 158.1786\u176?W, 31 Mar 2016,
on \i{}Elaeocarpus bifidus, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 17944> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W,
6 Jul 2014, on \i{}Myrsine lessertiana, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Kapuna, Mokul\u275\'3f\lquote{}ia Tr. 2100', 21.5321N 158.1786W, 18 Oct 2017,
on \i{}Elaeocarpus bifidus, \i0{}K.N. Magnacca, NMNH> 8,5 10,4 11,3 12,3/7
13,1/3 14,14 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,3 31,2 33,1/4 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1/2 41,6 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3
56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,3 62,2 63,9 65,17 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.74
75,0.86 76,0.91 77,0.57 78,0.66 79,0.60 80,1.09 81,1.75 82,1.30 83,0.42 84,1.92
85,2.38 86,1.40 90<Known from four specimens, all taken in Kapuna Gulch in the
Waianae range> 92<The frons punctation is extremely shallow and difficult to
see. This species shares with \i{}S. rugiventris\i0{} the unusually coarse
sculpting of the underside of the head>

# \i{}Sierola yoshimotoi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2020>/
1<Figure 42M\endash{}O, Map 36> 3<Separated from most species in the group with
a sharp clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells by the moderately
broad, distinctly concave mandibles and lack of a genal angle. Most similar to
\i{}S. subcrispa\i0{}; distinguished from that species by having the head
strongly convex above and deeper (DH/LH ~0.59), without dense punctures between
the eyes, and from \i{}S. koolauensis\i0{} and \i{}S. granulosa\i0{} by the
shorter head behind the eyes (EV/HE 0.70-0.90) and longer antennae> 4<Named for
the collector, Carl Yoshimoto, who made many contributions to the study of
parasitoid wasps in Hawaii> 5<Holotype \u9792?. O\lquote{}ahu: Mt.
Ka\lquote{}ala, 14 Apr 1966, C.M. Yoshimoto, BPBM Type 17945> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792\'3f, Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala, 22 Jul 1917, J.C. Bridwell, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f,
Mt. Ka\lquote{}ala 4000', 10 Nov 1965, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,5 10,4/8 11,4/5
12,2 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,2 17,2/3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1
28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,18 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.81
75,0.89 76,0.84 77,0.59 78,0.81 79,0.70 80,1.16 81,1.70 82,1.30 83,0.41 84,2.53
85,2.59 86,1.33 90<Known from four specimens from the summit region of Kaala>

# \i{}Sierola acaciae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
1<Figure 1, Map 1> 3<Immediately recognizable among Hawai\lquote{}i species by
the falcate mandible, glabrous wing cells, and flat clypeus. Closest to the
species of the \i{}S. anthracina\i0{} complex on O\lquote{}ahu, distinguished by
the narrow, black, distinctly concave mandible> 4<Named for its frequent
occurrence on koa (\i{}Acacia koa\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 19
Jul 1971, J. Leeper, BPBM Type 18072> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Kona, 6000' [1830
m], 1 Aug 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380224. 1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 5 Aug
1892, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kona, 4000' [1220 m], 279, 29 Jun 1892,
R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK
013380197, NHMUK 013380205. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1896, R.C.L. Perkins,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Collection of W.M. Giffard, Aug
1896, A. Koebele, BPBM. 5\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM.
2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 656, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?puka Puaulu, 28 Sep 1913, [no collector], BPBM. 1\u9792?, So. Kona, 31
Aug 1924, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 2\u9792? 4\u9794?, K\u299?lauea, K\u299?puka
Puaulu, 26 Jun 1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9794?, same data, ex
\i{}Suttonia\i0{} [= \i{}Myrsine\i0{}], 28 Jun 1934, BPBM. 4\u9792? 2\u9794?,
same data, ex \i{}Xylosma\i0{}, BPBM. 1\u9794?, same data, ex \i{}Suttonia\i0{},
BPBM. 7\u9794?, same data, ex \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 5 Jul 1934, BPBM. 6\u9792?
1\u9794?, same data, ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 14 Jul 1934, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Humu\u699?ula, 7 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 4 Jun 1947, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 2\u9792?, same data,
\i{}Pipturus\i0{}, 7 Jun 1947, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Bird Park, Oct 1951, E. Dresner,
BPBM. 1\u9794?, Mauna Loa Forest Reserve, 6 Apr 1960, D.E. Hardy, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, [Hawaii Volcanoes] National Park, 29 Jan 1963,
D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 4\u9792?, \u699?\u256?lo\u699?i Crater, nr. Chain of Craters
Rd., 3000' [900 m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 11\u9792? 7\u9794?,
K\u299?puka Puaulu, 1140 m, 24 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. Mauna Loa Strip
Road, 4300' [1300 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J. Leeper, BPBM:
3\u9792? 2\u9794?, 19 Jul 1971; 2\u9792?, 2 Oct 1971; 4\u9792? 1\u9794?, 7 Feb
1972; 6\u9792? 1\u9794?, 30 Sep 1972; 9\u9792? 1\u9794?, 9 Oct 1972; 2\u9792?,
13 Oct 1973. Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m], \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM: 2\u9794?, 5 Jan 1973; 2\u9792? 3\u9794?, 11 Feb 1973; 1\u9792?,
13 Aug 1973. Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5300' [1620 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia
koa\i0{}, J. Leeper, BPBM: 1\u9794?, 14 Apr 1973; 2\u9794?, 13 Oct 1973;
1\u9792? 1\u9794?, 13 Dec 1973. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5 Jan 1972, [no
collector], BPBM (1\u9794? collected on the same day and labelled
\ldblquote{}Kohala Mts.\rdblquote{} almost certainly belongs here). 1\u9794?,
Mauna Loa Strip Road, IBP Study Site, 1586 m, \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, Aug 1974, J.
Leeper, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,5 13,4 14,14 15,3 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,4
22,4 23,1 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 39,3 41,5
42,3 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 61,4 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,3
69,2 70,1 71,3 74,1.68 75,0.85 76,0.85<0.82-0.90> 77,0.56<0.55-0.60>
78,0.90<0.90-1.00> 79,0.74<0.72-0.79> 80,1.21<1.21-1.30> 81,1.70<1.64-1.74>
82,1.42<1.38-1.54> 83,0.41 84,1.91<1.79-1.97> 85,2.31<2.19-2.33>
86,1.06<1.00-1.17> 88<N = 10> 90<Widespread in mesic to dry forest around the
south and west portions of the island. This is the most abundant species at
K\u299?lauea, occasionally occurring in large numbers> 92<It is odd that this
species was not described by Fullaway, as a number of Perkins\rquote{} specimens
are at BPBM. Surprisingly Giffard, who provided most of the specimens Fullaway
used for his revision, does not seem to have taken it, and there is only one
pre-1920 specimen from Swezey. One male specimen is labelled as being from
Kohala, but it is from the same date as a female collected on Mauna Loa Strip
Road, and is likely mislabelled>

# \i{}Sierola ahulu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
1<Figure 2, Map 1> 3<A distinctive species, with the head ventrally somewhat
densely setose and strongly convex but lacking a distinct genal angle, clypeus
with a rounded carina dorsally and evenly curved in profile (somewhat arched
compared to the curvature of the head), and basal wing cells sparsely setose,
setae denser at apex of cell R. Most similar to \i{}S. berryae\i0{} Ward of New
Zealand, separated by the narrower mandible and having cell M1 narrow and
elongate, not nearly an isosceles triangle> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}\u257?\i0{},
jaw, + \i{}hulu\i0{}, hair, referring to the conspicuous setae on the mandible>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 2 May 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM Type 18073> 6<Paratypes: 2\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1936, E.H. Bryan, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, ex
\i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, 1 Aug 1946, W.C. Look, BPBM. 1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data,
\i{}Sophora\i0{}, BPBM. 7\u9792?, same data, 7 Aug 1946, BPBM. 3\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 2 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ahumoa
crater, 7000' [2130 m], 18 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 3\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kohala
Mts., 29 Jun 1966, C.M. Yoshimoto, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158
m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 9-1, GRU 0702-004, 14 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,6 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,7<ventral
margin with a conspicuous row of setae> 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,3 26,1 27,2 28,1 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,1 44,1
46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7
68,7 69,1 70,1 71,5 74,1.92 75,0.96 76,0.89<0.89-0.93> 77,0.61<0.61-0.63>
78,0.75<0.61-0.79> 79,0.56<0.49-0.59> 80,1.35<1.23-1.35> 81,1.62<1.61-1.64>
82,1.34<1.15-1.41> 83,0.37 84,2.06<1.93-2.10> 85,2.25<2.10-2.28>
86,0.90<0.80-1.00> 87,3.22 88<N = 6> 90<Primarily found in the
P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region between Mauna Kea and Mauna
Loa, with two collections from Kohala> 92<The two specimens from Kohala differ
in having the head slightly shorter behind the eyes and broadest across the eyes
rather than behind, but are otherwise identical>

# \i{}Sierola aiwa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the clypeus enlarged and weakly
carinate or angulate dorsally. Separated from \i{}S. winiwini\i0{} n. sp. and
\i{}S. sima\i0{} Fullaway by the rounded-quadrate clypeus which is rounded to
weakly truncate apically and evenly curved in profile, black moderately broad
mandible, head long behind the eyes, lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest
by about their diameter, and sixth metasomal sternum glabrous medially> 4<From
the Hawaiian \u699?\i{}a iwa\i0{}, nine, referring to the type locality, dubbed
"K\u299?puka {}#9" by Hawaiian \i{}Drosophila\i0{} researchers> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Saddle Road, K\u299?puka {}#9, 5100' [1550 m], ex
\i{}Hyposmocoma\i0{} sp., 9 Jun 1991, W.D. Perreira, BPBM Type 18074>
6<Paratypes: 2\u9792\'3f, same data as holotype. 1\u9792\'3f, Pu\u699\'3fu
Hual\u257\'3flai, 900\endash{}1200 m, 27\endash{}28 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM> 8,1 10,14 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,2 15,3 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,1
24,1 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,5 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,9 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,9 68,5
69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.67 75,0.84 76,0.76<0.75-0.76> 77,0.50<0.48-0.50>
78,1.14<1.05-1.18> 79,0.89<0.87-0.93> 80,1.28<1.21-1.28> 81,1.70<1.67-1.72>
82,1.87<1.84-1.93> 83,0.38 84,2.28<2.27-2.43> 85,2.90<2.81-2.99>
86,1.60<1.48-1.60> 87,2.80 88<N = 4> 90<Rare, known only from the type series
and one specimen from Kona> 91<The type series was reared from a caterpillar of
\i{}Hyposmocoma\i0{} (Cosmopterigidae), but no other details are given that
might enable determining the species> 92<The type series consists of three
point-mounted specimens on one pin; the topmost one is the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola akakala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the combination of convex clypeus (lacking any trace of a
carina), mandible with normal teeth (not falcate), basal wing cells nearly
glabrous, and head flattened. The last character separates it from \i{}S.
streblognatha\i0{} Fullaway, which has the head much deeper and strongly convex
below. Very similar to \i{}S. akahikina\i0{} Magnacca of O\u699?ahu, including
the remarkably broad hind femur, but conspicuously sculpted all over> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}aka\i0{}, shadow, + \i{}kala\i0{}, rough, referring to the
similarity to \i{}S. akahikina\i0{} and sculpting of the body> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 5-1, GRU 0589-014, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus,
BPBM Type 18075> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,11 14,12 15,3 16,4 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1
21,1 22,4 23,8 24,2 25,3-2 26,2 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,3
41,2 42,3 44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,2 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,4 61,1
63,1 65,4 66,1-3 67,8 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 74,1.93 75,1.03 76,0.95 77,0.52
78,0.67 79,0.54 80,1.23 81,1.70 82,1.45 83,0.38 84,1.82 85,1.82 86,0.90 87,3.00
90<Very rare, known only from the holotype, collected in wet forest in Kohala>

# \i{}Sierola ala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and the basal wing cells nearly
glabrous, distinguished by the broad frons (WF/HE \u8805?1.20, OOL/WOT
\u8805?1.55), broad fore femur (FL/FW \u8804?2.10), and moderately dense ventral
setation of the head> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}\u699?al\u257?\i0{}, dense basalt
rock used for making adzes and other tools, referring to the shiny appearance>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper H\u257?m\u257?kua Ditch Trail, ex
dead \u699?\u332?hi\u699?a Lehua, 6 Oct 1929, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 18076>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, same data as holotype, BPBM. 16\u9792?, Upper
H\u257?m\u257?kua Ditch Trail, ex \i{}Semnoprepia\i0{} [=\i{}Hyposmocoma\i0{}]
larva in dead lehua, 6 Oct 1929, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Volcano Village,
along Wright Rd., 3860' [1180 m], yellow sticky board trap, 20 Oct\endash{}3 Nov
1995, W.D. Perreira, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card,
site {}#18, card J, 3 May 2003, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,4 16,7
17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,3 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,4
61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 74,2.15 75,1.10 76,0.91
77,0.58 78,0.81 79,0.61 80,1.32 81,1.59 82,1.64 83,0.37 84,1.93 85,2.01 86,1.00
87,2.90 90<Rare, known from a large series collected in Kohala in 1929 and two
recent specimens from near K\u299?lauea> 91<Reared from caterpillars of an
undetermined species of \i{}Hyposmocoma (Euperissus)\i0{} in dead wood. The host
may be \i{}H. petroptilota\i0{} Walsingham, which was originally separated in
the genus \i{}Semnoprepia\i0{} and is recorded from dead wood of
\i{}Metrosideros\i0{} on Hawai\u699?i>

# \i{}Sierola angustata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola angustata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:84.> 3<Easily recognized by the
narrow, compressed head, flat clypeus, mandible not twisted, and basal wing
cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S. levis\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu and
\i{}S. papio\i0{} n. sp.; the former has the basal wing cells nearly glabrous,
clypeus convex, and mandible straight, while the latter has the basal wing cells
intermediate, mandible strongly twisted, and head generally broader> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, Jan 1915, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 25>
8,1 10,4 11,4 12,5 13,4 14,15 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,10 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 33,1 34,3 35,3 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,2 44,1 46,1
47,2 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,2 71,1
74,1.61 75,0.80 76,0.71 77,0.50 78,0.89 79,1.00 80,0.89 81,1.88 82,1.70 83,0.37
84,2.17 85,2.53 86,1.50 90<Known only from the holotype, collected at
K\u299?lauea in 1915>

# \i{}Sierola atra\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola atra\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:154.\par{}\i{}Sierola fuscipes\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:99 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Belonging to the species group with broad,
more or less parallel-sided mandible and a sharp clypeal carina that is evenly
sloping or weakly curved in profile. Differing from \i{}S. blackburni\i0{}
Fullaway and \i{}S. uhapau\i0{} n. sp. by having the head relatively broad and
deep but short behind the eye (WH/LH 0.83-0.91, DH/LH 0.57-0.61, OOL/WOT
1.55-1.90), frons sculpture coriaceous, and legs entirely brown. The latter two,
along with the sparsely setose basal wing cells, also distinguish it from \i{}S.
striata\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola
atra\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i: 29 miles, \u699?\u332?la\u699?a, 3800' [1160 m], 10
Aug 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 163.\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola
fuscipes\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], dry forest;
numbered 4, 11 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM Type 53> 6<Material
examined: 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], dry forest; numbered 4, 11 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard
& F. Muir, HDOA (paratype of \i{}S. fuscipes\i0{}). 11\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
\i{}Dodonaea\i0{}, 27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 16\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Koa,
27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper H\u257?m\u257?kua Ditch Trail,
\i{}Rubus\i0{}, 3 Oct 1929, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Keanakolu, 5250' [1600
m], \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 4 Oct 1931, O.H. Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM.
2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 4\u9792?, K\u299?lauea
Forest Reserve IBP study site, 1586 m, Malaise Trap {}#2, 15-22 Mar 1971, W.A.
Steffan & W.C. Gagn\u233?, BPBM. 4\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Forest Reserve IBP study
site, 1586 m, Malaise Trap {}#2, WAS {}#71-71, 16-23 Aug 1971, W.A. Steffan,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#23, card C, 17
May 2005, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 9, 1710 m,
19.6678\u176?N 155.3693\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K9-C-M, lot
HI-1417, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, UMD. 1\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 9, 1709 m, 19.6678\u176?N 155.3694\u176?W,
\u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection 403, lot H.12.565, 10
May 2012, E.E. Wilson & D. Leopold, UMD> 8,1 10,3/4 11,3 12,2 13,4 14,2 15,1
16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2-3 31,1
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,4 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,2/4 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,3 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.78 75,0.89
76,0.87<0.83-0.91> 77,0.59<0.57-0.61> 78,0.89<0.75-0.95> 79,0.71<0.65-0.80>
80,1.26<1.13-1.29> 81,1.67<1.64-1.74> 82,1.80<1.57-1.89> 83,0.36
84,2.15<2.00-2.26> 85,2.33<2.23-2.52> 86,1.00<1.00-1.30> 88<N = 17> 90<Known
only from the windward side of the island; most specimens are from the vicinity
of K\u299?lauea, with one each from Kohala and H\u257?m\u257?kua. Last collected
in 1971> 92<The type of \i{}S. fuscipes\i0{} Fullaway is nearly identical to
that of \i{}S. atra\i0{} and well within the range of variation. The two
paratypes of \i{}S. fuscipes\i0{} collected separately from the holotype belong
to distinctly different species. One is \i{}S. pakua\i0{} n. sp.; the other
appears to be \i{}S. nemorensis\i0{} Fullaway but cannot be identified with
certainty as it is missing the antennae and mandibles>

# \i{}Sierola aucta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola aucta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:144> 3<A large species with
the head also disproportionately large, long behind the eyes and frons broad.
The clypeus is short and trapezoidal, truncate apically, lacks a sharp carina,
and is evenly sloping in profile. Most similar to \i{}S. granulosa\i0{} Magnacca
and \i{}S. hualala\i0{} Magnacca of O\u699?ahu, but differing significantly in
the clypeus and mandible> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3800' [1160 m], numbered 11, 24 Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM
Type 143> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792\'3f, K\u299\'3flauea, 19 Nov 1913, D.T.
Fullaway, HDOA (paratype)> 8,1 10,12 11,5 12,3 13,4 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,3 33,3 34,4 35,1 36,1
37,3 41,2 42,2 44,2 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1
67,9 68,10 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.67 75,1.31 76,0.84 77,0.60 78,1.26 79,0.85
80,1.48 81,1.48 82,2.00 83,0.40 84,2.53 85,3.00 86,1.38 90<Known only from the
holotype and one paratype. Last collected in 1917>

# \i{}Sierola blackburni\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola blackburni\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:150> 3<Belonging to the
species group with broad, more or less parallel-sided mandible and a sharp
clypeal carina that is evenly sloping or weakly curved in profile. Differing
from \i{}S. atra\i0{} Fullaway by having the head narrower and longer behind the
eye (WH/LH 0.81-0.83, DH/LH 0.53-0.57, and longer behind the eyes, OOL/WOT
1.95-2.25) and frons finely microreticulate. Closest to \i{}S. uhapau\i0{} n.
sp., separated by the broader femora (FL/FW 2.00-2.20, HFL/HFW 2.05-2.35) which
are all dark, and the narrower frons (WF/HE ~1.15)> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on \u699?a\u699?\u257? flows,
18 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 155> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Kona,
3000' [900 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380226> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,4 14,1 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3
30,2 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1
59,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.95 75,0.98 76,0.81<0.81-0.83>
77,0.56<0.53-0.56> 78,1.06<1.03-1.06> 79,0.90 80,1.17<1.14-1.17>
81,1.71<1.71-1.76> 82,1.95<1.95-2.11> 83,0.37 84,2.00<2.00-2.19>
85,2.08<2.08-2.33> 86,0.93 88<N = 2> 90<Very rare, known only from two
specimens. Last collected in 1918>

# \i{}Sierola carinata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola carinata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:88> 3<Belonging to the
species group with broad, more or less parallel-sided mandible and a sharp
clypeal carina. Close to \i{}S. osborni\i0{} Fullaway in having the clypeus
strongly rounded and recurved apically in profile; separated by having the head
narrower and usually longer behind the eyes, and basal wing cells more densely
setose> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], taken
at the lumber camp, 11 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 32> 6<Material
examined: 1\u9792\'3f, K\u299\'3flauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, Kaumana, 29 Apr 1920, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, Mauna Loa
Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 2 Oct 1971, J.
Leeper, BPBM> 8,1 10,4/5 11,4 12,2 13,3 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2
22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,3 41,3 42,1
44,1 46,2 47,2 48,5 53,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,16 69,2 70,2
71,1 74,2.44 75,1.16 76,0.84<0.84-0.87> 77,0.59<0.55-0.59> 78,1.05<0.90-1.14>
79,0.80<0.73-0.80> 80,1.32<1.23-1.42> 81,1.68<1.61-1.68> 82,1.91<1.70-1.96>
83,0.37 84,2.33<2.14-2.35> 85,2.60<2.36-2.60> 86,1.06<1.06-1.12> 88<N = 4>
90<Very rare, known only from four specimens collected in wet to mesic forest
around K\u299?lauea and to the east. Last collected in 1971> 92<This may
eventually prove to be synonymous with \i{}S. osborni\i0{}, but at present only
relatively few specimens of each are available. Given the subjective difference
in appearance of the head and gap in width between specimens assigned to the
two, it seems best to maintain them as separate for the time being. The Kaumana
specimen has the legs paler and the head shorter behind the eyes than the type;
the latter character is also shared with the Perkins specimen>

# \i{}Sierola compacta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola compacta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:90> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and
head deep (DH/LH \u8805?0.59). Readily separated from related species by the
distinctly narrow femora (especially the hind femur, HFL/HFW ~3.0), elongate A3,
short OOL/WOT (~1.10\endash{}1.15), coarsely sculpted propodeum with a faint
median carina, and narrow mandible> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on \u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18 Jul 1918, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM Type 37> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1895,
R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380195. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, numbered 13, 12 Jun
1908, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratype)> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,1/2 14,12 15,1 16,2
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,3 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,2 30,4 31,2 33,2
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,2
61,3 63,1 65,1 66,2 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.41 75,1.20 76,0.90 77,0.63
78,0.66 79,0.58 80,1.13 81,1.73 82,1.14 83,0.45 84,2.22 85,3.00 86,1.82 90<Very
rare, known from only three specimens taken in the
K\u299?lauea\endash{}Ka\u699?\u363? area; last collected in 1918> 92<The
paratype has an upside-down holotype label for \ldblquote{}Sierola
mimica\rdblquote{}, apparently a Fullaway manuscript name>

# \i{}Sierola croceipes\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola croceipes\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:127> 3<A relatively
distinct species, with the posterior corners of the head strongly rounded in
dorsal view, sharp clypeal carina, relatively deep head (DH/LH 0.59-0.63), and
mandible yellow and narrow. Similar to \i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{} of O\u699?ahu,
differing in having the basal wing cells sparsely setose except at the apex of
cell R, and frons finely microreticulate rather than dull and granular. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. pololei\i0{} n. sp., separated by the open cell 2R1 of the
fore wing> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: 29 miles, K\u299?lauea, Jan 1915,
W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 110> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Crater Road,
K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m], 28 Jun 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kaloko
Drive, 3500' [1070 m], 19.7063\u176?N 155.9398\u176?W, sweeping, 28 Dec 2009,
K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a WS, 4400'
[1340 m], 19.7348\u176?N 155.8795\u176?W, beating \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 15 Aug
2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?, Kukuiopa\u699?e upper, 1400 m,
19.3047\u176?N 155.8196\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, H22102501-16, 11
Aug\endash{}25 Oct 2022, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,4-5
31,2 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 39,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,1 57,3
58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,6 69,2 70,1 71,5 73,3 74,2.12 75,0.95
76,0.90<0.90-0.91> 77,0.61<0.61-0.63> 78,0.72<0.67-0.77> 79,0.61<0.59-0.69>
80,1.19<1.13-1.19> 81,1.68<1.68-1.71> 82,1.24<1.23-1.25> 83,0.37
84,2.20<2.14-2.20> 85,2.30<2.30-2.53> 86,1.30<1.30-1.50> 88<N = 3> 90<Apparently
rare, known only from the holotype and one other specimen from K\u299\'3flauea
and a few recent ones from Kona, but see notes under \i{}S. pololei\i0{} n. sp>
92<The holotype is lacking closure of cell 2R1 which would key it to
\i{}Goniozus (Parasierola)\i0{}, but a vein is present on the wing margin which
is not present in true \ldblquote{}Parasierola\rdblquote{}. See comments under
\i{}S. pololei\i0{} n. sp>

# \i{}Sierola curvignatha\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola curvignatha\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:79> 3<Distinguished by
the convex clypeus, narrow head, densely setose basal wing cells, and head
strongly convex dorsally. Separated from the similar \i{}S. konana\i0{} Fullaway
and \i{}S. kahuku\i0{} Magnacca of O\u699?ahu by the much narrower head (~0.73
vs. 0.85-0.94) and lack of a distinct malar space> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], taken at the lumber camp, 4 Jul
1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 15> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792\'3f, N of Kailua:
new road, 108 m, sweeping \i{}Schinus\i0{}, 17 Oct 1992, G.M. Nishida, BPBM.
1\u9792\'3f, N of Kailua: new road, 110 m, sweeping \i{}Schinus\i0{}, 17 Oct
1992, G.M. Nishida, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,4 13,2 14,13 15,3 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,3 33,2 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,3
41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7
68,7 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.91 75,0.95 76,0.73 77,0.51 78,0.91 79,1.00 80,0.91
81,1.85 82,1.90 83,0.39 84,2.40 85,2.52 86,1.00 90<Rare, known only from the
holotype, collected in 1918 at K\u299?lauea, and two recent specimens from Kona.
The latter are unusually low elevation records for \i{}Sierola\i0{} in
Hawai\u699?i>

# \i{}Sierola distinctella\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Closely related to \i{}S. ihupehu\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{}
Fullaway of O\lquote{}ahu, but strikingly different in the clypeus which is
short and semicircular rather than expanded and spatulate beyond the base, and
the mandible is short and compact. The head shape in lateral view is also very
different from \i{}S. ihupehu\i0{}, lacking the peculiar modifications of that
species> 4<Referring to the similarity of this species to \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{}
Ashmead of O\lquote{}ahu and its junior synonym, \i{}S. distincta\i0{} Fullaway.
The unique holotype was originally a paratype of the latter> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Jan 1916, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
18077> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,4 13,5 14,11 15,2 16,2 17,7 18,1 19,3 20,7 21,5 22,4
23,9 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,1 39,2 41,5 42,4
44,1 46,4 47,1 48,1 50,3 53,4 54,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2/4 61,2 63,1 65,1
66,1 67,10 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,2 74,1.97 75,1.01 76,0.82 77,0.56 78,0.98 79,0.76
80,1.30 81,1.64 82,1.42 83,0.40 84,2.40 85,2.96 86,1.50 87,3.14 90<Known only
from the holotype, taken at K\u299?lauea in 1916>

# \i{}Sierola ehrhorni\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola ehrhorni\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:117> 3<Belonging in the
group of species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous
vertex and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Separated from \i{}S.
indecora\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S. kilauea\i0{} Fullaway by having the lateral
ocelli narrowly but distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and additionally
from the latter by the usually narrower femora. Very close to \i{}S.
eucrena\i0{} Fullaway, distinguished by having the legs all dark, median
propodeal carina absent, and mandible always black> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Jan 1916, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
90> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, old crack, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard,
HDOA. 1\u9792?, 23 Miles, \u699?\u332?la\u699?a, 2300' [700 m], 9 Sep 1919, W.M.
Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?, Mt. Hual\u257?lai, 4000' [1220 m], Capt. Cook above, 12
May 1959, C.M. Yoshimoto & S. Kimoto, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea\endash{}Ka\u699?\u363?, 4000' [1220 m], 22 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Hual\u257?lai, 900\endash{}1200 m,
27\endash{}28 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kohala Mts., behind
Kamuela, 3500' [1070 m], 29 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea Forest Reserve IBP study site, 1586 m, Malaise Trap {}#2, WAS
{}#71-71, 16\endash{}23 Aug 1971, W.A. Steffan, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?,
Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700' [1130 m], 19.7730\u176?N 155.8353\u176?W,
sweeping \i{}Pisonia brunoniana\i0{}, 4 Aug 2009, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?,
Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N
155.8359\u176?W, beating \i{}Santalum\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC>
8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,3 24,3
25,2 26,1 28,3 29,2 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 44,1 46,1 47,2
48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1
74,1.93 75,0.92 76,0.85<0.84-0.85> 77,0.60<0.55-0.60> 78,0.80<0.64-0.83>
79,0.66<0.62-0.66> 80,1.20<1.03-1.34> 81,1.61<1.61-1.79> 82,1.24<1.09-1.24>
83,0.43 84,2.13<2.13-2.25> 85,2.85<2.78-2.90> 86,1.35<1.35-1.43> 87,2.85 88<N =
4> 90<Widespread around the island, in both wet and dry forest> 92<See comments
under \i{}S. eucrena\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola ekoa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the combination of a weakly carinate clypeus which is
short and steeply curved in profile, moderately narrow frons, and very narrow
fore femur. The fore femur is narrower than the hind femur, which is very
unusual. The head is somewhat deep and broad, similar to \i{}S. okala\i0{} n.
sp., but lacking the unusual frons microsculpture of that species> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}\u699?\u275?ko\u699?a\i0{}, opposite, referring to the hind femur
being wider than the fore, the reverse of the usual form> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Saddle Rd: milepost 14, Saddle Rd realignment project: EX-3,
163+000, 20 Aug 1996, G.M. Nishida, BPBM Type 18078> 8,1 10,5/6 11,4 12,3 13,5
14,10 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1/2
30,3-2 31,1 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,3 50,1 52,1
53,1 56,2 57,3 58,2 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,1 70,2 71,6 72,1
74,1.34 75,0.62 76,0.89 77,0.59 78,0.71 79,0.65 80,1.09 81,1.72 82,1.35 83,0.43
84,2.38 85,2.23 86,1.32 87,2.47 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in
wet forest on the windward slope of Mauna Loa>

# \i{}Sierola emarginata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola emarginata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:79> 3<Readily
distinguished from all other species by the combination of the clypeus flat
dorsally, mandible falcate, and vertex broadly, deeply emarginate in dorsal
view. Closest to \i{}S. concava\i0{} Magnacca and \i{}S. giffardi\i0{} Fullaway
of O\u699?ahu; differing in having the mandible parallel-sided and not twisted,
WF/HE just over 1 rather than 1.2\endash{}1.3, and OOL/WOT in between those two
species> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Hawai\u699?i, [no specific location,
no date], A. Koebele, BPBM Type 16> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Kealakekua,
3500' [1070 m], on ohia lehua, 16 Aug 1919, P.H. Timberlake, UCRC ENT 556764.
2\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 14
Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus (specimens: 11-3, GRU 0709-005; 9-2 GRU
0711-004), BPBM. 1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe, 1170 m, 19.9302\u176?N
155.2906\u176?W, Malaise trap, 5 Dec 2022\endash{}9 Apr 2023, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,5 13,4 14,9 15,1 16,1 17,4 18,1 19,3 20,4 21,4 22,3 23,2
24,1 25,4 26,4 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 41,2 42,1 44,3 46,2
47,3 48,2 53,2 56,2 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,3 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,1.68
75,0.98 76,0.91 77,0.53 78,0.76 79,0.73 80,1.05 81,1.95 82,0.81 83,0.38 86,1.00
90<Rare, known only from five specimens, but collected recently> 92<The type is
heavily damaged \endash{} the metasoma is broken off and glued onto the point,
as is one wing (the other is missing), and only the middle legs and half of one
antenna are present. However, all the characters of the head are readily
visible>

# \i{}Sierola eucrena\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola eucrena\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:117\par{}\i{}Sierola longicornis\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:101 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and gena setae,
and densely punctate frons. Separated from \i{}S. indecora\i0{} Fullaway and
\i{}S. kilauea\i0{} Fullaway by having the lateral ocelli narrowly but
distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and additionally from the latter by
the usually narrower femora. Very close to \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{} Fullaway,
distinguished by having the legs predominantly yellow (femora sometimes brownish
but tibiae always yellow), median propodeal carina usually present and distinct,
and mandible usually reddish brown> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola
eucrena\i0{}. Hawai\u699?i: Hawai\u699?i, [no specific location, no date], A.
Koebele, BPBM Type 89\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola longicornis\i0{}.
Hawai\lquote{}i: 29 miles, K\u299?lauea, Jan 1915, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 57>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Kona, 2000' [600 m], [right and left specimens on
card], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380207. 3\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug
1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380198, 013380199, 013380203. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, 686, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 3\u9792?, Steam Crack,
K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m], 6 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, old crack, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard, HDOA.
1\u9792?, Upper H\u257?m\u257?kua Ditch Trail, \i{}Broussaisia\i0{}, 30 Jul
1921, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, Wildlife Sanctuary
Boundary, 4000' [1220 m], 19.7410\u176?N 155.8493\u176?W, beating
\i{}Santalum\i0{}, 25 Oct 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1
14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1/2 26,1 28,3 29,2
30,4 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,3 54,3
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1-4<usually reddish brown> 67,5<rarely
femora mostly dark> 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.86 75,0.94 76,0.87<0.83-0.87>
77,0.59<0.55-0.60> 78,0.79<0.65-0.79> 79,0.69<0.60-0.71> 80,1.15<1.05-1.15>
81,1.69<1.69-1.77> 82,1.32<1.20-1.32> 83,0.42 84,2.18<2.07-2.32>
85,2.71<2.64-3.00> 86,1.51<1.33-1.75> 87,3.00 88<N = 10> 90<Widely distributed
in similar habitats as \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{} and \i{}S. scoriacea\i0{}, but much
less common> 92<Fullaway (1920) separated \i{}S. longicornis\i0{} from other
species by the long antennae, described as having \ldblquote{}all the segments
more than twice as long as wide\rdblquote{}. However, in the unique type, the
antennal segments are about 1.7 times longer than wide at most, close to the
range of variation otherwise found in \i{}S. eucrena\i0{} (A3 L/W
1.33\endash{}1.58). The slightly greater length does not seem worthy of erecting
a separate species. In Fullaway\rquote{}s key they are separated based on the
wing coloration (\ldblquote{}yellowish brown\rdblquote{} for \i{}S.
longicornis\i0{}, \ldblquote{}hyaline, subinfuscate, or with only a faint
yellowish brown\rdblquote{} for \i{}S. eucrena\i0{}), but again both species
have the wings subhyaline with only a faint yellowish tinge. The key features of
\i{}S. eucrena\i0{}, namely the strongly rounded posterior corners of the head,
lateral ocelli separate from the vertex crest, and propodeal median carina
present, are all found in the type of \i{}S. longicornis\i0{}. Therefore, I
consider them synonyms. This species may also be synonymous with \i{}S.
ehrhorni\i0{} \endash{} in general, the character states of median propodeal
carina present, predominantly yellow legs, and reddish mandible are found
together, but a few specimens have only two of these, with the third of the
\i{}S.ehrhorni\i0{} type. Color characters may not always be reliable,
particularly in older specimens, so further investigation is needed. Two
specimens with dark legs, black mandible, and a faint propodeal carina, here
identified as \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{}, may represent a third species as they have
the femora broader than all specimens of either \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{} or \i{}S.
eucrena\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola fuscipennis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola fuscipennis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:91> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and
head deep (DH/LH \u8805?0.59). Separated by having the frons dull and granular,
vertex and gena setae short and similar to those of the frons, and mandible
moderately broad. Similar to \i{}S. illingworthi\i0{} Fullaway in the frons
sculpture and mandible width, primarily separated by the setae> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Shipman Ranch, K\u299?lauea, 14 Jan 1917, F. Muir, BPBM
Type 39> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Sep 1895, R.C.L. Perkins,
NHMUK 013380250 [right specimen on card]. 1\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158
m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 1-1, GRU 0436-003, 12 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,2 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,2
37,3 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1
67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.60 75,1.37 76,0.92 77,0.60 78,0.75 79,0.58 80,1.29
81,1.61 82,1.50 83,0.41 84,2.05 85,2.24 86,1.25 90<Known only from the holotype,
another taken by Perkins, and one recent specimen, all collected in wet forest>
92<One of Fullaway\rquote{}s paratypes is a specimen of \i{}S. illingworthi\i0{}
Fullaway; the other is \i{}S. kilauea\i0{} Fullaway. This and several other
species (\i{}S. illingworthi\i0{}, \i{}S. levigata\i0{} Fullaway, and \i{}S.
newelli\i0{} Fullaway) form a relatively well-defined complex characterized by
having a sharp clypeal carina, densely setose basal wing cells, lateral ocelli
distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and head broad and deep. All are
extremely rare and somewhat difficult to distinguish, and it is possible that
with more specimens available, the species definitions might shift. A broader
grouping would include \i{}S. compacta\i0{} Fullaway, \i{}S. nemorensis\i0{}
Fullaway, and \i{}S. opakapaka\i0{} n. sp., but the latter three are much more
distinctive>

# \i{}Sierola gagneorum\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily distinguished by the short, steeply curved, weakly carinate clypeus;
evenly coriaceous frons microsculpture; relatively broad, compact head; and
densely setose basal wing cells. Closest to \i{}S. affinis\i0{} Fullaway of
O\u699?ahu; separated by the narrower mandible, dark legs, lateral ocelli
separated from the vertex by less than an ocellus width, and OOL/WOT ~1.3 rather
than 1.75-1.92> 4<Named for the late Wayne and Betsy Gagn\u233?, who made
enormous contributions to Hawaiian conservation and influenced generations of
scientists and conservationists including myself> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea Forest Reserve IBP study site, 1586 m, Malaise
Trap {}#2, WAS {}#71-71, 15\endash{}22 Mar 1971, W.A. Steffan & W.C. Gagn\u233?,
BPBM Type 18079> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, So. Hilo Dist., K\u299?puka nr. Mawae
(K\u299?puka {}#14), Saddle Rd., 23 Oct 1996, M.J. & C.A. Tauber, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 30, 1726 m, 19.6547\u176?N
155.3703\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection
K30-TR2-2009, lot HI-1155, 27 Aug 2009, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 38, 1739 m, 19.6363\u176?N 155.3608\u176?W,
\u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection 319, lot H.12.234, 19
Apr 2012, E.E. Wilson & D. Leopold, USNM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,5 14,9 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2/3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1
33,1<flattened between eyes and ocelli> 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2
47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,2 69,2
70,1 71,7 72,1 74,2.06 75,0.94 76,0.89 77,0.59 78,0.86 79,0.71 80,1.20 81,1.71
82,1.32 83,0.43 84,2.43 85,2.55 86,1.33 87,2.74 90<Very rare, known only from a
handful of specimens collected on windward Mauna Loa>

# \i{}Sierola graciloides\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Distinguished from other species with a flat clypeus by the densely setose
basal wing cells, moderately twisted mandible with an enlarged ventral tooth
(which may be mistaken for falcate if not clearly visible), and moderately broad
head. Very similar to \i{}S. gracilis\i0{} Fullaway of Oahu, differing in the
deeper head> 4<Named for its similarity to \i{}S. gracilis\i0{} of Oahu>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Upper \u699?\u332?la\u699?a Forest Reserve,
4000' [1220 m], 1 Jul 1956, D.E. Hardy, BPBM Type 18080> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?,
Kona, 2000' [600 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380218. 1\u9792?,
Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
A6-1, GRU 4337-001, 5 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 6, 1638 m, 19.6697\u176?N 155.3583\u176?W, canopy
Malaise trap, collection K6-C-M, lot HI-1449, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E.
Parissenti, USNM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 15, 1557 m,
19.6722\u176?N 155.3389\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K15-C-M, lot
HI-1379, 27 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, USNM. 2\u9792?, Kealakekua Ranch
3400' [1040 m], 19.5040\u176?N 155.8624\u176?W, beating \i{}Pisonia
brunoniana\i0{}, 16 Mar 2012, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u257?p\u257? mid
road, 1230 m, 19.2118\u176?N 155.8169\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, 4 Aug 2022,
K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,2 11,1 12,5 13,4 14,11 15,2 16,3 17,4 18,1 19,2 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1
41,3 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1
65,1 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,2.14 75,0.98 76,0.85<0.81-0.85>
77,0.57<0.55-0.57> 78,0.79<0.79-0.83> 79,0.73<0.73-0.77> 80,1.09<1.06-1.13>
81,1.75<1.71-1.77> 82,1.13<1.13-1.32> 83,0.39 84,2.00<1.81-2.09>
85,2.29<2.22-2.29> 86,1.37<1.11-1.37> 87,3.21 88<N = 4> 90<Known from nine
specimens, all taken in wet forest but widely separated in time and location>

# \i{}Sierola gruneri\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina,
and dense to intermediate setation of the basal wing cells. Separated from
related species by the moderately broad and deep head (WH/LH ~0.91, DH/LH
~0.61), coriaceous frons microsculpture, and A3 distinctly longer than wide.
Closest to \i{}S. nemorensis\i0{} and \i{}S. pakua\i0{} n. sp., separated from
the former by having the posterior corners of the head strongly rounded off and
lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and the latter by the head
dimensions. Additionally distinguished from both by the mandible, which is
narrow and parallel-sided. Also close to \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{}, separated by
having at least two rows of setae in each of the basal wing cells, and A3 only
slightly longer than wide> 4<Named for the collector, Daniel S. Gruner, who
obtained many of the species described here during his \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a
canopy fogging survey> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest
Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 7-2, GRU 0652-009, 14 Oct
1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM Type 18081> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 1-A,
GRU 1035-001, 25 Apr 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR,
k\u299?puka 20, 1506 m, 19.6745\u176?N 155.3301\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a
canopy branch clipping, collection 328, lot H.12.329, 23 Apr 2012, E.E. Wilson &
D. Leopold, USNM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2
42,4 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 49,3 53,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,2 65,2 66,1 67,8
68,5 69,1 70,1 71,6 74,1.70 75,0.78 76,0.91 77,0.61 78,0.63 79,0.62 80,1.01
81,1.81 82,1.19 83,0.42 84,2.18 85,2.50 86,1.32 87,2.86 90<Rare, known from
three specimens collected in wet forest> 92<This may eventually prove to be a
local variant of \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{} with slightly more setose wing cells, but
it appears more likely to be a semi-cryptic segregate. The antennae are shorter
and it occurs in wetter habitats than definitive specimens of that species. See
comments under \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola haleiki\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the clypeus with a broad, rounded ridge, densely setose
basal wing cells, and ocellar triangle right to obtuse with the lateral ocelli
nearly touching the vertex crest. The posterior head is unusual, with the vertex
rounding evenly to the occiput in lateral view rather than forming an angle.
Superficially similar to \i{}S. ihunana\i0{} n. sp., but differing substantially
in the form of the mandible (reddish brown and twisted with the ventral tooth
largest) and shape of the head, which is less convex dorsally but more so
ventrally, with dense ventral setation, and deeper. The clypeus is also less
highly arched in profile. Nearly identical to \i{}S. puupehu\i0{} n. sp.,
separated by having the head longer behind the eyes, not as deep, and not so
strongly convex ventrally, overall giving a considerably different appearance>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}hale iki\i0{}, small house, referring to the very small
k\u299?puka where the unique holotype was collected> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 38, 1731 m, canopy Malaise
trap, collection K38-C-M1, lot HI-0646, 9 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, BPBM Type 18082>
8,1 10,3/12 11,3 12,8 13,2 14,13 15,3 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,7 21,2 22,3 23,2
24,1 25,3 26,1/2 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,5 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,16 66,1-3
67,8 68,7 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1 74,1.78 75,0.86 76,0.85 77,0.59 78,0.82 79,0.74
80,1.10 81,1.74 82,1.36 83,0.37 84,2.21 85,2.48 86,1.17 87,2.96 90<Very rare,
known only from the holotype collected in a small k\u299?puka on windward Mauna
Loa> 92<This species is somewhat questionably distinct from \i{}S. puupehu\i0{}
n. sp. Each is only known from a single specimen, and it is possible that they
represent the extremes of morphological variation found in a single taxon.
However, I have decided to keep them separate since they not only differ in
measurements but are of visibly different appearance, and together are not close
to any others>

# \i{}Sierola hawaiiensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola spicata hawaiiensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:77 \b{}n. stat.\b0{}>
3<Separated from all other species on Hawai\u699?i by the narrow, spicate
clypeus and broad head. Resembling only \i{}S. spicata\i0{} Fullaway of
O\u699?ahu, from which it differs in the shallowly concave vertex, short clypeus
which is rounded and recurved in profile, and deeper, more convex head>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 6 Jul 1918, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM Type 11> 6<Material examined: 5\u9792?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700\endash{}3800' [1130\endash{}1160 m], Aug 1917, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM (paratypes). 1\u9792?, same data, HDOA (paratype). 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, \i{}Pelea\i0{} (=\i{}Melicope\i0{}), 5 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kamuela, 19 Jun 1964, D.E. Hardy, BPBM> 8,1 10,11 11,3 12,8 13,5
14,3 15,1 16,2 17,7 18,2 19,2 20,2 21,4 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,4 29,1 30,2
31,3 33,1 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,1 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,2 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.25 75,1.24
76,1.01<0.95-1.01> 77,0.47<0.44-0.48> 78,0.95<0.92-1.00> 79,0.68<0.64-0.69>
80,1.40<1.38-1.46> 81,1.75<1.69-1.77> 82,1.94<1.82-2.00> 83,0.36
84,2.07<2.03-2.13> 85,2.13<2.07-2.19> 86,1.21<1.12-1.33> 87,3.18 88<N = 8>
90<Very rare, known from the holotype, paratype series, and one additional
specimen collected at K\u299?lauea 1917\endash{}19, and one from Kamuela in
1964> 92<This taxon was originally described as a subspecies of \i{}S.
spicata\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, but differs significantly in a number of
respects as listed in the diagnosis; therefore it is here raised to species
level. Like its O\u699?ahu relative, this species is rarely seen and has not
been collected for decades. The peculiar morphology suggests it may use a
different habitat from most others. The paratypes were probably collected Aug.
24 along with holotypes of \i{}S. aucta\i0{} and \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola hiwi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and
more or less flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells somewhat
sparsely setose. Separated from most similar species by having the vertex and
gena setae elongate and ocellar triangle obtuse. Closest to \i{}S. hooneo\i0{}
n. sp.; distinguished by having the clypeus more elongate, rounded triangular,
and frons more densely punctate> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}hiwi\i0{}, skinny or
bony, referring to the narrow body compared to related species> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, 25 Feb 2005,
BPBM Type 18083> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,1 22,3 23,13 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,3 39,3
41,1 42,1 43,1 44,5 45,2 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1
66,5<?> 67,1 69,1 71,6 72,1 74,1.39 75,0.70 76,0.73 77,0.49 78,0.94 79,0.89
80,1.06 81,1.66 82,1.40 83,0.32 84,1.86 85,1.91 86,0.90 87,3.10 90<Known only
from the holotype, collected in mesic forest near K\u299?lauea> 92<The unique
holotype was stored in poor-quality alcohol for a long time and is heavily
bleached, thus the coloration is uncertain>

# \i{}Sierola holomelaena\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola holomelaena\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:147> 3<Belonging to the
group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and more or less
flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Close to
\i{}S. hooneo\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. mealele\i0{} n. sp. in having the clypeus
rounded and recurved ventrally. Separated from the former by the broader head,
and weakly acute ocellar triangle, and from the latter by the broader head and
fore femur> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 14
Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM Type 149> 6<Material examined: 2\u9792?,
Kona, 2000' [600 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380194. 1\u9792?, Kona,
2\endash{}3000' [6\endash{}900 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380219.
1\u9792?, S. Kona, \i{}Clermontia\i0{}, 11 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a cone, 3700' [1130 m], 19.7716\u176?N
155.8365\u176?W, sweeping, 9 May 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,3 14,4 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,11<sometimes sparse all
over> 24,1 25,4 26,1 27,1 28,2 29,1/2 30,3 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,1
42,1 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,3
69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.01 75,0.92 76,0.85<0.84-0.85> 77,0.50<0.48-0.50>
78,0.95<0.95-1.13> 79,0.71<0.71-0.87> 80,1.33<1.30-1.40> 81,1.57<1.57-1.69>
82,1.92<1.92-2.22> 83,0.31 84,2.13<2.03-2.13> 85,2.20<2.13-2.27>
86,1.12<1.12-1.20> 88<N = 5> 90<Very rare; known from only five specimens, the
holotype from K\u299\'3flauea and the rest from Kona> 92<The holotype is on the
extreme end of most head measurements, possibly due to being a small specimen.
The recent collections of the similar \i{}S. hooneo\i0{} n. sp., \i{}S.
mealele\i0{} n. sp., and \i{}S. molina\i0{} n. sp. in the vicinity of
K\u299?lauea suggests that perhaps these could all represent one very variable
species, but if so this would be well beyond the range of both structural and
morphometric variation seen in other species. Therefore, I prefer to split them
until more evidence is available>

# \i{}Sierola hooneo\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and
more or less flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells somewhat
sparsely setose. Similar to \i{}S. holomelaena\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S.
mealele\i0{} n. sp. in having the clypeus rounded and recurved ventrally.
Separated from both by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and smaller OOL/WOT;
additionally separated from the former by the narrow head, and from the latter
by the broader fore femur. Closest to \i{}S. hiwi\i0{} n. sp. in having the
vertex and gena setae elongate and ocellar triangle obtuse; separated by having
the clypeus rather short and semi-elliptical and frons sparsely punctate> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}ho\u699?oneo\i0{}, to devastate or lay waste, referring to the
collection of the holotype from the Devastation Trail area near the cinderfall
of the 1959 K\u299?lauea Iki eruption> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1138 m, 14 Jul 2016, M.S. Hoddle, BPBM Type
18084> 8,1 10,5 11,3 12,1 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,2
23,9 24,3 25,4 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,2
43,1 44,1 45,2 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,3 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,3
69,2 70,1 71,6 72,1 74,1.29 75,0.60 76,0.76 77,0.46 78,1.10 79,0.90 80,1.22
81,1.61 82,1.49 83,0.32 84,1.80 85,1.91 86,0.83 87,3.63 90<Known only from the
holotype, collected in 2016 at K\u299?lauea>

# \i{}Sierola hou\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A very distinctive species, easily recognizable by the entirely scutellate
microsculpture of the frons which obscures the punctation. Very similar to
\i{}S. okala\i0{} n. sp., which has the unusual microsculpture colliculate (each
cellule strongly convex rather than flat) and found only below the middle of the
eyes, above this with smooth, rather fine sculpting that reveals the punctation.
The two species are similar in head dimensions but distinctly different in
overall appearance \endash{} \i{}S. hou\i0{} has the head more strongly convex
dorsally and ventrally, and the posterior corners more rounded> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}hou\i0{}, new or recent, referring to the collection of the
holotype late in preparation of this manuscript> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Kukuiopa\u699?e upper, 1390 m, on \i{}Metrosideros
polymorpha\i0{}, 8 Aug 2022, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 18085> 8,1 10,5 11,3
12,2/3 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,12 24,2 25,13 26,1
27,3 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,1 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,2 48,9
50,1 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,11 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,6
72,1 74,1.58 75,0.69 76,0.84 77,0.59 78,0.69 79,0.67 80,1.03 81,1.73 82,1.26
83,0.40 84,2.11 85,2.69 86,1.09 87,3.07 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected in South Kona>

# \i{}Sierola huinakolu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Distinguished by having the clypeus weakly carinate, mandible black and
moderately narrow, ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and head evenly
convex ventrally, without a strong genal angle. Most similar to \i{}S.
ahulu\i0{} n. sp. but quite distinct in general habitus, with the head rounded
posteriorly and more compressed, and clypeus evenly curved> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}huinakolu\i0{}, triangle, referring to the specimens coming from widely
separated areas of the island marking out a triangle> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 5-B, GRU 7151-002, 18 Apr 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM Type 18086>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Kona, 2000' [600 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK
013380247. 1\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 11-2, GRU 0775-006, 14 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 23, 1659 m, 19.6621\u176?N
155.3525\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection
K23-TR1-2009, lot HI-1079, 12 Aug 2009, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, USNM. 1\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 13, 1585 m, 19.6705\u176?N 155.3409\u176?W,
canopy Malaise trap, collection K13-C-M, lot HI-1301, 24 Aug 2009, J. Riley & E.
Parissenti, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,3 13,2 14,10/11 15,2 16,3 17,7 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,3 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,3 41,2
42,2 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,5
69,2 70,1 71,6 74,1.78 75,0.93 76,0.90<0.88-0.90> 77,0.56<0.53-0.56>
78,0.61<0.61-0.63> 79,0.59<0.57-0.59> 80,1.04<1.04-1.11> 81,1.77<1.67-1.77>
82,1.19<1.19-1.31> 83,0.37 84,1.96<1.93-1.97> 85,2.17<2.09-2.22> 86,1.00 87,2.94
88<N = 3> 90<Known from only five specimens, one collected by Perkins in Kona
and four recent from Kohala and Upper Waiakea>

# \i{}Sierola huna\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the broad head which is widest behind the eyes and
narrowest near the anterior margin of eyes, clypeus recurved in profile, and
moderately broad mandible which is usually reddish brown. Very similar to \i{}S.
wahaula\i0{} n. sp., differing in having short frons setae (hardly as long as
flagellum width) and the mandible distinctly expanded toward the apex> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}h\u363?n\u257?\i0{}, hidden, referring to the one known
specimen among numerous of the similar \i{}S. wahaula\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type
18087> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,7 13,3 14,5<distinctly wider at apex than base> 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3-2 31,3
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,6 53,1 56,2
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,4 66,3 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,5 72,1 74,2.03 75,1.05
76,0.89 77,0.55 78,1.08 79,0.78 80,1.39 81,1.68 82,1.75 83,0.39 84,2.50 85,2.42
86,1.10 87,2.50 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in 1966 at
P\u333?hakuloa> 92<Like its sister taxon \i{}S. wahaula\i0{}, this species is
readily distinguished despite coming out in multiple places in the key (see
notes under that species). It could possibly be a mutant form of \i{}S.
wahaula\i0{}, but I have chosen to describe it as distinct since it exhibits
characters that reliably separate other species. Many morphometric measurements
overlap with \i{}S. wahaula\i0{} but are at the extreme of its range or slightly
beyond: the head is relatively narrow, deep, and long behind the eyes. The fore
femur is also extremely narrow, and combining all these specimens in one taxon
would be beyond variation seen in any other species>

# \i{}Sierola ihunana\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the clypeus with a broad, rounded ridge, densely setose
basal wing cells, and ocellar triangle right to obtuse with the lateral ocelli
nearly touching the vertex crest. Very close to \i{}S. puupehu\i0{} n. sp.,
differing in the form of the mandible (black and convex outwardly with the
second ventral tooth largest) and shape of the head, which is more convex
dorsally but less so ventrally, with sparse ventral setation, and not so deep.
The clypeus is also more strongly arched in profile> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ihu
nan\u257?\i0{}, snarling nose, referring to the raised and rounded clypeus>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u257?p\u257? mid road, 1230 m, Townes
Malaise trap, H22080401-02, 1 Jul\endash{}4 Aug 2022, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type
18088> 6<Paratypes: 2\u9792?, same data as holotype, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,8
13,2 14,13 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,1
29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,2 61,11 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,9 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.76
75,0.82 76,0.83<0.82-0.84> 77,0.58<0.58-0.59> 78,0.73<0.73-0.76>
79,0.70<0.70-0.71> 80,1.05<1.05-1.09> 81,1.73<1.71-1.73> 82,1.27<1.21-1.35>
83,0.41 84,2.03<1.97-2.09> 85,2.29<2.29-2.42> 86,1.08<1.08-1.16> 87,3.00 88<N =
3> 90<Known from three recent specimens collected together in South Kona>

# \i{}Sierola ihupehu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the flat, spatulate, somewhat bulbous clypeus. The head
is large, convex above and flat or slightly concave below, vertex distinctly
angulate, and mandible with a single large ventral tooth and the other teeth
small. Nearly identical to \i{}S. pili\i0{}, differing in the shape of the head
and curvature of the clypeus: head broader (WH/LH 0.82) and strongly curved
dorsally; vertex shallowly but broadly concave in dorsal view; clypeus more
bulbous, distinctly raised above the slope of the front of the head; and apex of
clypeus broadly transverse> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ihu pehu\i0{}, swollen nose,
referring to the enlarged, bent-down clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Oct 1915, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
18089> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f, K\u299\'3flauea, 4000' [1220 m], 12 Jan 1917, F.
Muir, BPBM> 8,1 10,7 11,5 12,5 13,5 14,3 15,3 16,2 17,7 18,1 19,3 20,7 21,4 22,4
23,9 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,3 29,1 30,2 31,3 33,2 34,4 35,3 36,1 37,6 39,3 41,5 42,4
46,4 47,2 48,2 50,2 53,3 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,4 61,2 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,1
70,2 71,3 72,1 74,1.94 75,1.14 76,0.82 77,0.52 78,1.10 79,0.78 80,1.41 81,1.67
82,1.83 83,0.40 84,1.84 85,2.40 86,1.33 87,3.27 90<Known only from two specimens
collected at K\u299?lauea in 1915 and 1917, both originally designated as
paratypes of \i{}S. distincta\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola iki\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp clypeal carina and sparse to
intermediate setation of the basal wing cells. Separated from most others by the
relatively narrow head and moderately narrow, black mandible. Very similar to
\i{}S. minuta\i0{} Fullaway, distinguished by having the head flatter below,
mandible not convex outwardly, clypeus recurved in profile, and basal wing cells
with more than one row of setae. Closest to \i{}S. puakii\i0{} n. sp., separated
by having the vertex straight in dorsal view, lateral ocelli nearly touching the
vertex crest, and head slightly broader, WH/LH 0.79\endash{}0.81 vs. ~0.73. Both
are also similar to \i{}S. maiki\i0{} n. sp., which has the head shorter behind
the eyes and the posterior corners strongly rounded> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}iki\i0{}, small, referring to this being the smallest Hawaiian species yet
known and one of the smallest in the genus> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea\endash{}Ka\u699?\u363?, 4000' [1220 m], 22 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM Type 18090> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792\'3f,
K\u299\'3flauea\endash{}Ka\u699\'3f\u363\'3f, 4000' [1220 m], 22 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,3 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,1 22,4 23,9/8 24,1 25,3/2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4-5
41,1 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,11 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,9
68,12 69,1 70,2 71,6 72,1 74,1.27 75,0.61 76,0.81 77,0.55 78,0.94 79,0.78
80,1.21 81,1.62 82,1.60 83,0.37 84,2.27 85,2.43 86,1.00 87,2.71 90<Known only
from two specimens collected together at K\u299?lauea. Last taken in 1966>
92<This species closely resembles \i{}S. minuta\i0{} Fullaway and could be
within the range of morphometric variation, but differs structurally in the
shape of the head and mandible as noted in the diagnosis. The femora appear to
be narrower, but this is an especially variable character. The head also appears
to be narrower (WH/LH 0.79\endash{}0.81 vs. 0.84\endash{}0.86 in \i{}S.
minuta\i0{}), but the number of specimens of both are limited and they may
overlap. The paratype has the head coriaceous and more punctate as in \i{}S.
minuta\i0{}, but otherwise matches the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola iliahi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the clypeus convex dorsally and evenly
sloping in profile, with the basal wing cells sparsely setose to glabrous.
Immediately recognizable by the peculiar head shape, short and deep with small
eyes, and the exceedingly narrow femora> 4<From the Hawaiian
\u699?\i{}iliahi\i0{}, sandalwood tree, referring to the type collection>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West
K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], beating \i{}Santalum\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N.
Magnacca, BPBM Type 18091> 8,1 10,2/5 11,4 12,4 13,4 14,12 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,2
19,3 20,6 21,4 22,4 23,10 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,3 33,2 34,4 35,2 36,1
37,1 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,4 47,3 48,1 50,1 51,2 52,6 53,3 55,3 56,1 57,4 58,1 59,3
61,7 63,1 65,1 66,6 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2-3 72,1 74,1.54 75,0.72 76,0.83
77,0.59 78,1.32 79,0.94 80,1.41 81,1.71 82,1.50 83,0.39 84,2.67 85,3.07 86,2.00
87,3.60 90<Known only from the holotype, collected at Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a> 92<This species has among the narrowest fore and hind femora
in the genus>

# \i{}Sierola illingworthi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola illingworthi\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:142> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and
head deep (DH/LH \u8805?0.59). Separated by having the mandible moderately
broad, distinctly concave ventrally, and clypeus in profile somewhat short and
distinctly recurved at the apex. Closest to \i{}S. fuscipennis\i0{} Fullaway in
having the frons dull and granular and mandible moderately broad, but in
addition to the characters above the vertex and gena setae are elongate and
conspicuous (short and similar to those of the frons in \i{}S.
fuscipennis\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100
m], on \u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 139>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, H\u257?m\u257?kua, 15 Apr 1906, [no collector],
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on \u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18
Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2/3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2
37,1 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,5 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1
67,7 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,2.34 75,1.11 76,0.96<0.94-0.96> 77,0.62<0.60-0.62>
78,0.69<0.62-0.69> 79,0.50<0.46-0.51> 80,1.38<1.28-1.38> 81,1.57<1.57-1.67>
82,1.44<1.24-1.46> 83,0.45 84,1.85<1.82-2.00> 85,1.94<1.94-2.23>
86,1.33<1.21-1.33> 88<N = 3> 90<Very rare, known only from three specimens, two
taken at K\u299?lauea. Last seen in 1918> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
fuscipennis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola imparata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola imparata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:139> 3<Part of the species
group with a sharp, rather strongly arched clypeal carina, densely setose basal
wing cells, and mandible yellow. Closest to \i{}S. lepida\i0{} Fullaway and
\i{}S. nihoniho\i0{} n. sp.; distinguished from the former by having the dorsum
of head strongly convex in lateral view, frons distinctly granular and dull, A3
distinctly longer than wide (L/W 1.50\endash{}1.65), and fore femur distinctly
narrow (FL/FW 2.25\endash{}2.45); and from the latter by having the occipital
margin narrowed to a ridge and posterior corners of the head more prominent, not
so strongly rounded> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220
m], dry forest, 1 Aug 1911, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 134> 6<Material examined:
1\u9792?, \u699?\u332?la\u699?a, Nov 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380215.
1\u9792?, Upper \u699?\u332?la\u699?a Forest Reserve, 4000' [1220 m], 1 Jul
1956, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki Rim Trail, 3800' [1160 m], 23
Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1200
m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 7-3, GRU 1077-003, 7 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 25,
1721 m, 19.6489\u176?N 155.3625\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K25-E-M,
lot HI-1687, 9 Sep 2009, D. Leopold, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,2 13,1 14,10 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,2 33,2
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,4 67,5/11 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.40 75,1.23 76,0.94<0.88-0.94>
77,0.63<0.61-0.64> 78,0.52<0.52-0.72> 79,0.48<0.48-0.65> 80,1.09<1.09-1.20>
81,1.76<1.67-1.76> 82,1.17<1.13-1.43> 83,0.38 84,2.32<2.24-2.42>
85,2.62<2.55-2.93> 86,1.57<1.38-1.63> 88<N = 4> 90<Rare in wet forest in the
K\u299?lauea\endash{}\u699?\u332?la\u699?a area; known from only six specimens,
but collected recently>

# \i{}Sierola indecora\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola indecora\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:134\par{}\i{}Sierola nubila\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:135 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Belonging in the group of species with a
highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex and gena setae,
and densely punctate frons. Separated from \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{} and \i{}S.
eucrena\i0{} by having the lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and
from \i{}S. kilauea\i0{} by OOL/WOT less than 1.20. The metasoma is also faintly
sculpted dorsally and entirely sculpted ventrally, distinguishing it from all
three> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola indecora\i0{}. Hawai\u699?i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Oct 1915, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
124.\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola nubila\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 11 Jan 1919, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 125>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, 7 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM.
3\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5300' [1620 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia
koa\i0{}, 6 Mar 1973, J. Leeper, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
1200 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 6-4, GRU 7003-001, 7 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 37, 1665 m,
19.6615\u176?N 155.3534\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection K37-TR1-2009, lot HI-1246, 11 Aug 2009, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, UMD.
1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea For. Rsrv., k\u299?puka 33, 19.6430\u176?N
155.3480\u176?W, clip \i{}M. polymorpha\i0{}, K33-TR1-2010 HI-2123, 28 Jul 2010,
D. Leopold & B. Hwang, BPBM. 1\u9792? 2\u9794?, Upper Wai\u257?kea For. Rsrv.,
k\u299?puka 35, 19.6480\u176?N 155.3710\u176?W, clip \i{}M. polymorpha\i0{},
H.12.244, 12 Apr 2012, E. Wilson & D. Leopold, UMD> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1
14,12/13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5
31,2 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,3 41,1 42,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4
60,2 61,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.14 75,1.13
76,0.88<0.85-0.91> 77,0.60<0.55-0.60> 78,0.62<0.55-0.69> 79,0.54<0.51-0.63>
80,1.14<1.05-1.14> 81,1.60<1.60-1.73> 82,1.15<1.04-1.20> 83,0.42
84,2.00<1.94-2.07> 85,2.34<2.19-2.37> 86,1.08<1.00-1.22> 87,2.82 88<N = 7>
90<Widespread around the island but uncommon, known from less than ten
specimens> 92<The holotypes of both \i{}S. indecora\i0{} and \i{}S. nubila\i0{}
are somewhat damaged; the head of the former has been detached and reglued, and
in the process the long vertex setae broken off, while the latter also has
damage to the wings and setae. They are identical in head, wing, and mandible
characters, and cannot otherwise be distinguished except that the type of \i{}S.
nubila\i0{} is somewhat smaller and less sculpted. More recent, intact specimens
match both exactly. I have chosen the holotype of \i{}S. indecora\i0{} to
represent the species due to its closer similarity to the recent specimens,
especially the clearer ventral head setae. The relatively strong sculpting of
the ventral metasoma that readily distinguishes this species from \i{}S.
kilauea\i0{} and other related species is often hard to see due to specimens
often being curled up, but it is present on the ventrolateral portion of T2
which is usually visible. Some additional specimens besides those listed may
belong here>

# \i{}Sierola kaapeha\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and
more or less flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells sparsely
setose. Readily distinguished from similar species by the broad head, clypeus
evenly curved in profile and mandible moderately narrow, distinctly concave
ventrally> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ka\u699?apeha\i0{}, spread wings, referring
to the holotype specimen\rquote{}s unusual position with the wings out>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5300' [1620 m], D-Vac
sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 19 Jul 1971, J. Leeper, BPBM Type 18092>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Forest, D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{},
2 Jun 1972, J. Leeper, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m],
D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 13 Oct 1973, J. Leeper, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4
12,2 13,2 14,11 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2
29,2 30,3 31,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4-5 41,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,3 47,1
48,2 50,1 53,1 56,2 57,2 58,2 59,4 61,3 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,2
72,1 74,1.99 75,0.95 76,0.85 77,0.48 78,0.88 79,0.67 80,1.30 81,1.61 82,1.62
83,0.32 84,2.00 85,2.05 86,1.06 87,3.33 90<Known from only three specimens, all
collected north of K\u299?lauea between 1971\endash{}73>

# \i{}Sierola kaawale\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Very distinctive among the Hawai\u699?i species by the combination of
moderately broad, ventrally concave mandible, mostly glabrous basal wing cells,
clypeus rounded and recurved in profile, and moderately broad fore femur. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. cryptophlebiae\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, differing only
in having the antenna dark at the apex, and head more strongly convex ventrally,
slightly wider and shorter behind the eyes> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}ka\u699?awale\i0{}, isolated or alone, referring to the holotype being
collected as a single specimen among a large number of another species>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 4950' [1510
m], sweeping, 4 Aug 2009, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 18093> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,2 24,2 25,2/3 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,6 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,2.31 75,1.01 76,0.85
77,0.57 78,0.84 79,0.73 80,1.16 81,1.73 82,1.80 83,0.38 84,2.04 85,2.32 86,0.86
87,3.00 90<Known only from the holotype, taken in mesic forest at Pu\u699?u
Wa'awa\u699?a>

# \i{}Sierola kaolo\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head broad and strongly convex or
produced ventrally, frons smooth and shining, clypeus lacking a sharp carina and
evenly curved in profile, and basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose.
Separated from related species by the deep postgenal depression, sparsely setose
basal wing cells, clypeus with a rounded carina, head strongly convex dorsally,
and black mandible which is moderately broad, strongly convex outwardly, and
weakly concave ventrally> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ka\u699?olo\i0{}, sagging
flesh of the neck or double chin, referring to the protruding gena. It is a noun
in apposition> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Hawaii Volcanoes National
Park, 1200 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 9-1, GRU 1162-003, 8 Oct
1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM Type 18094> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,6 13,2 14,4 15,4 16,4 17,3
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,2
36,1 37,6 39,2 41,4 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2
63,1 65,2 66,1 67,11 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.28 75,1.18 76,0.93 77,0.67 78,0.63
79,0.50 80,1.25 81,1.67 82,1.16 83,0.37 84,1.95 85,2.44 86,1.43 87,3.09 90<Known
only from the holotype, taken by canopy fogging at K\u299?lauea>

# \i{}Sierola kauensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola kauensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:75> 3<A distinctive
species, easily recognized among those with a sharp clypeal carina and densely
setose basal wing cells by the broad, deep head (WH/LH ~0.98, DH/LH ~0.68),
broad fore femur (FL/FW ~1.75), and distinct postgenal depression. Closest to
\i{}S. illingworthi\i0{} on Hawai\u699?i and \i{}S. obscura\i0{} Fullaway of
O\u699?ahu; separated from both by the postgenal depression and having the
lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and additionally from the
latter by the densely setose wing cells> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i:
Kahuku, 2000' [600 m], 27 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 7> 6<Material
examined: 1\u9792\'3f, Chain of Craters Rd. nr. \u699\'3f\u256\'3flo\u699\'3fi
Crater, 3000' [900 m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,1 12,2
13,2 14,5 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,3 31,2 33,2 34,1 35,3 36,2 37,1 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,4 53,2 56,1 57,1
58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 71,1 74,2.35 75,1.21 76,0.98 77,0.68
78,0.56 79,0.43 80,1.30 81,1.60 82,1.29 83,0.46 84,1.74 85,2.26 86,1.33 90<Very
rare, known only from the holotype and one other specimen. Last collected in
1966>

# \i{}Sierola kepa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A distinctive species with a short, deep head, the clypeus trapezoidal and
distinctly truncate apically, dorsally somewhat carinate but usually weakly so,
mandible reddish brown and moderately broad, and basal wing cells densely
setose. Closest to \i{}S. aristoteliae\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S. manono\i0{}
Magnacca of O\u699?ahu; differing in lacking the conspicuous pilose head
setation of those species, having the clypeus recurved in profile, and the
vertex narrowly, shallowly, but distinctly emarginate between lateral ocelli>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}kepa\i0{}, notched, referring to the narrow emargination
between the ocelli> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kaumana, 29 Apr 1920,
O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 18095> 8,1 10,12 11,5 12,2/3 13,3 14,4 15,2 16,3 17,3
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3/4 23,4 24,1 25,2 26,7 28,1 29,2 30,2-3 31,1 32,1 33,2
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 42,1 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,3 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1
65,1 66,3-5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1 74,2.02 75,0.97 76,0.94 77,0.64 78,0.69
79,0.66 80,1.05 81,1.80 82,1.50 83,0.39 84,2.08 85,2.62 86,1.10 87,2.80 90<Known
only from the holotype, collected in wet forest above Hilo in 1920>

# \i{}Sierola kikanu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina, densely setose basal wing cells,
and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, easily recognized by the
combination of the head narrow (WH/LH 0.78\endash{}0.83), clypeus recurved in
profile, and mandible moderately broad, distinctly concave ventrally. The head
is rather elongate and parallel-sided posterior to the eyes which gives it a
different habitus than most others in this group. Closest to \i{}S. pakua\i0{}
n. sp., which in addition to having the lateral ocelli nearly touching the
vertex crest, has the head shorter (OOL/WOT 1.20\endash{}1.50, vs.
1.65\endash{}1.90 for \i{}S. kikanu\i0{})> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}k\u299?kanu\i0{}, covered or buried, referring to the collection of several
specimens at \u699?\u256?lo\u699?i crater, which was filled in and buried during
the 1969\endash{}74 Mauna Ulu eruptions> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea\endash{}Ka\u699?\u363?, 1200 m, 22 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM
Type 18096> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on
\u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Kealakekua, 3500' [1070 m], on \i{}Straussia hillebrandii\i0{} [ =\i{}Psychotria
hawaiiensis\i0{}], 11 Aug 1919, P.H. Timberlake, UCRC ENT 556763. 2\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Byron's Ledge, 12 Jul 1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, N\u257?pau Trail, ex \i{}Cyperus\i0{}, 18 Jul 1934, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hawai\u699?i National Park, K\u299?lauea Sec., \i{}Gouldia\i0{}
[= \i{}Kadua\i0{}] seeds, 17 May 1948, C.J. Davis, BPBM. 8\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea-Ka\u699?\u363?, 4000' [1220 m], 22 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki Rim Trail, 3800' [1160 m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, \u699?\u256?lo\u699?i Crater, nr. Chain of Craters
Rd., 3000' [900 m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip
Road, 5300' [1620 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 6 Mar 1973, J.
Leeper, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, IBP Study Site, 1586 m, \i{}Acacia
koa\i0{}, Aug 1974, J. Leeper, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa Training Area,
K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257?, LO6 217, 17 Jan 2001, P. Oboyski et al., USNM.
1\u9792?, Kahuku Ranch, yellow sticky card, site {}#5K-5, card II, 23 Feb 2007,
BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2/3 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,2 24,2 25,3-2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-2 31,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 41,2 42,1
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,11 63,1 65,2 66,1
67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.86 75,0.91 76,0.80<0.78-0.83>
77,0.55<0.51-0.56> 78,0.94<0.91-1.08> 79,0.79<0.74-0.85> 80,1.20<1.15-1.27>
81,1.60<1.60-1.72> 82,1.65<1.65-1.99> 83,0.40 84,2.12<1.96-2.24>
85,2.38<2.15-2.38> 86,0.90<0.90-1.06> 87,3.06 88<N = 9> 90<Collected primarily
in dry to mesic forest in the K\u299?lauea area,with the two recent specimens
from widely separated sites to the north and west>

# \i{}Sierola kilauea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola kilauea\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:111> 3<Belonging in the group of
species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex
and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Separated from \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{}
and \i{}S. eucrena\i0{} by having the lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex
crest, and from \i{}S. indecora\i0{} by OOL/WOT greater than 1.20 and having the
metasoma mostly polished dorsally and at least some areas polished ventrally.
Closest to \i{}S. pokii\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. scoriacea\i0{}, distinguished by
having the femora narrow (FL/FW 2.10\endash{}2.25, HFL/HFW 2.50\endash{}2.75),
and additionally from the former by the straight vertex crest and highly arched,
blunt clypeus in profile. Very similar to \i{}S. olympiana\i0{} Fullaway of
O\u699?ahu, essentially differing only in lacking dorsal microsculpture on the
metasoma and the hind femur usually broader> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], numbered 7, 7 Apr 1908, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
79> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 9 Nov 1919,
F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935,
R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Forest above Pa\u699?auilo, 3000' [910 m], 28 Aug
1963, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ahumoa crater, 7000' [2130 m], 18 May 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, D.S. Gruner: 1\u9792?, A5-4, GRU 4323-003, 4 Jun
1997; 1\u9792?, B3-2, GRU 5174-001, 6 Nov 1997, BPBM. Kohala Forest Reserve,
1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus:
1\u9792?, 3-2, GRU 0506-010, 12 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 9-3, GRU 0725-008, 14 Oct
1997, BPBM. Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, D.S. Gruner: 1\u9792?, 7-A, GRU 2099-001, 25 Aug 1998; BPBM.
1\u9792?, 23-B, GRU 2294-001, 27 Aug 1998; 1\u9792?, 6-GP, GRU 2726-001, 31 Oct
1999; 1\u9792?, 17-G, GRU 2995-001, 14 Dec 1999; 1\u9792?, 7-A, GRU 7208-001, 18
Apr 2001, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1/2 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3
41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1<may
rarely be yellow> 67,1/7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.00 75,0.99 76,0.85<0.80-0.85>
77,0.58<0.55-0.60> 78,0.69<0.69-0.82> 79,0.65<0.63-0.72> 80,1.06<1.06-1.15>
81,1.75<1.63-1.75> 82,1.22<1.22-1.44> 83,0.38 84,2.17<2.11-2.30>
85,2.58<2.52-2.75> 86,1.43<1.17-1.52> 87,3.08 88<N = 8> 90<Widespread and
moderately common> 92<See comments under \i{}S. scoriacea\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola kohala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head broad and strongly convex or
produced ventrally, frons smooth and shining, clypeus lacking a carina and
evenly curved in profile, and basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose.
Separated from related species by the sparsely setose basal wing cells, weakly
angulate clypeus, head strongly convex dorsally, and black mandible which is
twisted and distinctly concave ventrally. Very similar to \i{}S. mamua\i0{} n.
sp., distinguished by the twisted black mandible and more strongly convex head>
4<Named for the Kohala region of Hawai\u699?i, where all specimens were
collected> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m,
fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 8-3, GRU 0690-003, 14 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner
& D.A. Polhemus, BPBM Type 18097> 6<Paratypes: 4\u9792?, same data as holotype
(specimens: 8-3 GRU 0690-004; 8-3, GRU 0690-005; 8-3, GRU 0690-0069-2, GRU
0711-005), BPBM. 5\u9792?, same data as holotype, 12 Oct 1997 (specimens: 1-1,
GRU 0436-006; 3-5, GRU 0534-003; 3-5, GRU 0534-004; 3-5, GRU 0534-006; 5-3, GRU
0598-007), BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,3 13,2 14,11 15,3 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,6 41,3
42,4 44,1 46,4 47,2 48,4 53,3 55,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,13 66,1
67,11 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.00 75,1.01 76,0.90<0.89-0.92> 77,0.65<0.63-0.67>
78,0.76<0.74-0.82> 79,0.58<0.56-0.63> 80,1.32<1.26-1.35> 81,1.60<1.58-1.65>
82,1.12<1.12-1.26> 83,0.44 84,1.92<1.84-2.00> 85,2.64<2.48-2.64>
86,1.30<1.14-1.43> 87,3.06 88<N = 10> 90<Known only from canopy fogging
collections; a long series taken in Kohala>

# \i{}Sierola koloau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the combination of clypeus rounded triangular, weakly
carinate dorsally, and elongate in profile, apical angle strongly acute; head
strongly flattened, DH/LH ~0.50; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very
similar to \i{}S. konana\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S. volcanica\i0{} Fullaway;
readily distinguished by the weakly carinate clypeus, mandible only moderately
twisted, and narrow frons (WF/HE ~1.03 vs. 1.26\endash{}1.41 in those species)>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}koloau\i0{}, stretched out, referring to the elongate
appearance of the head in lateral view> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 38, 1731 m, canopy Malaise trap, collection
K38-C-M1, lot HI-0646, 9 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, BPBM Type 18098> 6<Paratypes:
2\u9792?, same data as holotype, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow
sticky card, site {}#16, card H, 2 May 2003, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,3 13,11
14,13 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1
59,2 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.92 75,0.90 76,0.80
77,0.50 78,0.79 79,0.77 80,1.03 81,1.87 82,1.68 83,0.44 84,2.22 85,2.41 86,1.00
87,2.48 90<Very rare, known only from four specimens> 92<The presence of this
species only in two very small k\u299?puka in the 1855 and 1881 Mauna Loa lava
flows suggests it may actually prefer early successional forest on younger lava
flows. These habitats have not been extensively sampled, especially in the
canopy. K\u299?puka K\u299?, the other collection site, is older forest but has
a history of disturbance, so may present a similar habitat>

# \i{}Sierola konana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola konana\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:83\par{}\i{}Sierola muiri\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:80 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species lacking
a clypeal carina and with the mandible strongly twisted. Separated from similar
species by having a distinct malar space, the clypeus convex dorsally, and head
moderately broad (WH/LH 0.88-0.94). The last separates it from \i{}S.
volcanica\i0{} Fullaway, which is otherwise nearly identical. Close to \i{}S.
kahuku\i0{} Magnacca of O\u699?ahu, distinguished by the narrower hind femur
(HFL/HFW 2.35-2.60), sparse ventral head setae, and clypeus never angulate
dorsally> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola konana\i0{}. Hawai\u699?i: Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3800' [1160 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
24.\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola muiri\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 19 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM Type 19>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Jun 1908, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM (paratype of \i{}S. muiri\i0{}). 2\u9792?, Volcano Village, along
Wright Rd., 3860' [1180 m], yellow sticky board trap, 20 Oct-3 Nov 1995, W.D.
Perreira, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, A5-1, GRU 4290-007, 4 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM.
1\u9792?, same data, A7-6, GRU 4376-001, 5 Jun 1997, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Kohala
Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 12 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus (specimens: 3-2, GRU 0506-009; 1-2, GRU 0454-012; 5-1,
GRU 0589-007), BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, 11-1, GRU 0769-001, 14 Oct 1997, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, B4-1, GRU 5214-003, 6 Nov 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
4-B, GRU 2057-002, 25 Aug 1998, D.S. Gruner, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,4 13,2 14,13
15,3 16,1 17,3 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,4 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,2
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,22 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,2.12 75,1.02 76,0.92<0.88-0.94>
77,0.53<0.51-0.56> 78,0.76<0.70-0.84> 79,0.57<0.55-0.65> 80,1.32<1.26-1.37>
81,1.65<1.59-1.67> 82,1.65<1.45-1.65> 83,0.39 84,2.00<1.97-2.13>
85,2.39<2.35-2.59> 86,1.23<1.17-1.48> 87,2.95 88<N = 10> 90<Widespread in wet to
mesic forest, found broadly across the windward side and at Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a> 92<The type of \i{}S. konana\i0{} differs from that of
\i{}S. muiri\i0{} Fullaway only in a slight difference in the degree of
curvature of the clypeus. All the definitive specimens have the same unusual leg
coloration. Three additional specimens with the femora entirely dark brown
appear to fit here, but are outliers in one or more important morphometric
characters. They do not form a distinct unit \endash{} one has broad femora
while another has very narrow femora. These differences do not seem sufficient
to describe them as distinct species at this time, but their identity with
\i{}S. konana\i0{} is questionable. Very close to and somewhat intergrading with
\i{}S. volcanica\i0{} Fullaway; see comments under that species>

# \i{}Sierola koolau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a complex of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina, broad
head, long third antennal segment, and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing
cells. Very similar to \i{}S. nukupio\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{}
Fullaway, differing from both in having the metasoma smoothly but distinctly
microreticulate all over and vertex slightly emarginate between the lateral
ocelli> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}ko\u699?olau\i0{}, windward, referring to the
broad distribution of this species across the eastern wet side of the island>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 4-3, GRU 0576-005, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A.
Polhemus, BPBM Type 18099> 6<Paratypes: 2\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest
Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 5 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner
(specimens: A7-5, GRU 4361-002; A6-2, GRU 4344-001), BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
B2-4, GRU 5121-001, 6 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Kohala Forest
Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner &
D.A. Polhemus (specimens: 4-2, GRU 0564-003; 4-2, GRU 0564-007; 5-3, GRU
0598-004), BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,8 24,2 25,2-1 26,9 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2
42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,5
69,2 70,1 71,2<cell R sometimes appearing nearly glabrous> 72,1 74,2.08 75,1.06
76,0.90<0.88-0.93> 77,0.60<0.58-0.60> 78,0.65<0.59-0.77> 79,0.58<0.52-0.68>
80,1.11<1.09-1.19> 81,1.69<1.65-1.72> 82,1.26<1.26-1.41> 83,0.36
84,2.17<2.11-2.36> 85,2.42<2.33-2.67> 86,1.28<1.23-1.50> 87,2.37 88<N = 9>
90<Widely distributed in wet forest on the windward side of the island> 92<This
species is known almost exclusively from specimens collected since 1996. Nearly
all come from canopy sampling, which may explain why it was not collected
earlier>

# \i{}Sierola kumole\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Recognized by having the clypeus semi-elliptical, dorsally angulate but
lacking a sharply raised carina, and evenly sloping in profile; mandible yellow
and strongly convex outwardly, moderately narrow and distinctly concave
ventrally; and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S. milo\i0{} n.
sp., separated by the paler mandible, head deep (DH/LH 0.64 vs. 0.56) with the
posterior corners strongly rounded off, and narrow fore and hind femora> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}k\u363?mole\i0{}, rounded, referring to the wide, deep head
with weak posterior corners> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Ahumoa crater,
7000' [2130 m], 18 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 18100> 8,1 10,2/5 11,2
12,3 13,4 14,11 15,4 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,1 27,3
28,1 29,1 30,5-6 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2
50,1 52,2 53,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,8 68,3 69,3 70,1
71,2 72,1 74,1.89 75,0.88 76,0.95 77,0.64 78,0.69 79,0.61 80,1.13 81,1.75
82,1.15 83,0.42 84,2.21 85,2.78 86,1.33 87,3.11 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected at Ahumoa in 1966>

# \i{}Sierola kumukumu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Recognized by having the clypeus dorsally with a rounded carina and evenly
curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange and narrow, and basal wing
cells nearly glabrous. Although not especially distinctive in appearance, this
combination of characters will distinguish it from all other species. The coarse
sculpting of the lower gena is also unusual> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}kumukumu\i0{}, stubble, referring to the appearance of the coarse sculpture
of the gena in contrast to the smooth frons> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 2 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type
18101> 6<Paratypes: 3\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935,
R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 9 Aug 1935, R.L.
Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM. 4\u9792?, same data, 7 Aug 1946, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 15 Aug 1964, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ahumoa crater,
7000' [2130 m], 18 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, on
\i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, 17 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 6000' [1830 m], 18 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 4\u9792?
1\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 8\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 3800' [1160 m; incorrect elevation], 29 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 8000' [2440 m; elevation appears to
be incorrect], 16 Jan 1975, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa,
8100' [2470 m; elevation incorrect?], in \i{}Sicyos\i0{} flower, 28 Aug 1979,
S.L. Montgomery, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Mauna Kea, Pu\u699?u La\u699?au, 2200-2300 m,
Site 2, Trans. 3, Sta. 3, Tree NA04 87-14, 11 Dec 1987, W.C. Gagn\u233? & SLM,
BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,7/8 13,2 14,12 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2
23,8 24,2 25,4<rarely nearly absent, shining> 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 40,12 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,3 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,6 63,1 65,10 66,3-4 67,7 68,13 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,2.06 75,1.05
76,0.86<0.83-0.87> 77,0.56<0.54-0.57> 78,0.76<0.66-0.76> 79,0.68<0.61-0.72>
80,1.11<1.01-1.11> 81,1.76<1.74-1.83> 82,1.18<1.11-1.25> 83,0.42
84,2.15<2.14-2.38> 85,2.36<2.36-2.55> 86,1.33<1.20-1.43> 87,2.43 88<N = 8>
90<Restricted to the P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region between
Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Last collected in 1987> 92<Three collections from
P\u333?hakuloa appear to have the incorrect elevation \endash{} one is said to
be from 3800' (1160 m), well below any part of P\u333?hakuloa (the correct
elevation is probably 5800'), while two are supposedly from above 2400 m, which
is barren lava far from any road or trail>

# \i{}Sierola lalahu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A large species with the head ventrally angulate and mandible broad with a
large ventral tooth, the dorsal teeth reduced. Related to \i{}S.
distinctella\i0{} n. sp., \i{}S. ihupehu\i0{} n. sp., \i{}S. pili\i0{} n. sp.,
and \i{}S. oahuensis\i0{} of O\u699?ahu, but immediately recognizable by the
bulbous, strongly convex clypeus. The mandible is also somewhat strongly convex
in the middle, but not at the apex> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}lalah\u363?\i0{},
convex or swollen, referring to the unique bulbous clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Fauna Hawaiiensis collection, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM Type 18102> 8,1 10,9 11,3
12,4<frons distinctly depressed above clypeus> 13,15 14,1 15,14 16,2 17,1 18,1
19,3 20,7 21,5 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,3 29,1 30,3-2 31,4 33,1 34,4 35,2
36,4 37,6 39,3 41,4 44,1 45,4 46,4 47,2 48,1 53,4 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2<some very
faint microreticulation medially on T3> 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,4 69,2 70,1 71,3
72,1 74,2.31 75,1.07 76,0.77 77,0.53 78,1.07 79,0.77 80,1.39 81,1.59 82,1.69
83,0.42 84,1.95 85,2.53 86,1.34 87,3.14 90<Very rare, known only from the
holotype (but see comments below)> 92<The label on the type says only
\ldblquote{}Fauna Hawaiiensis collection\rdblquote{} with no date or locality
information, or a Perkins code number. I believe it is from Hawaii island
because early in this project, a specimen matching this species was collected on
a yellow sticky card at K\u299?puka K\u299?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, in
2003. Unfortunately the latter specimen cannot be found to confirm with
certainty, but the description recorded at the time matches the specimen on hand
in the clypeus, mandible, head setation, and malar space, and no others with the
distinct strongly convex clypeus have been seen from any island>

# \i{}Sierola laticeps\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola laticeps\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:92> 3<Belonging in the
group of species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous
vertex and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Readily distinguished from
all others by the very deep head (DH/LH 0.65\endash{}0.69) which is strongly
produced ventrally, as well as the strongly acute ocellar triangle and carinate
occipital margin. Closest to \i{}S. longiceps\i0{} Fullaway; some specimens of
that species have the head angled ventrally, but they are always narrower and
not as deep (WH 0.75\endash{}0.82, DH/LH 0.55\endash{}0.61)> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: Hilo, 1500' [460 m], 3 Aug 1906, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 41>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, [no date], T. Blackburn, BPBM.
6\u9792?, Hawai\u699?i, [no date], A. Koebele, HDOA (paratypes; one with a
cocoon but no specimen). 1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 5000' [1520 m], 5 Aug 1892,
R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380257. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Aug
1896, A. Koebele, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 684, Dec 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, edge of koa forest, 24 May 1905, F.W. Terry, BPBM (paratype).
4\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, koa forest, 3 Jun 1905, F.W. Terry, BPBM (paratypes).
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1906, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
dead koa forest, 19 Jul 1911, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?, Kahuku,
15 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363?
Road, 16 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700' [1130 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratype).
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], dry forest, 9 Jan 1919, W.M. Giffard,
UCRC (paratype). 1\u9792?, Steam Crack, K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m], 6 Sep
1919, W.M. Giffard, UCRC. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], old crack, 8
Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 9 Sep
1919, F.X. Williams, BPBM. 4\u9792? 1\u9794?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 2
Aug 1920, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], dry
forest, 18 Aug 1920, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 5000' [1520
m], 5 Aug 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N
155.8359\u176?W, beating \i{}Santalum paniculatum\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300'
[1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N 155.8359\u176?W, beating \i{}Metrosideros
polymorpha\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,1-3 11,1-3 12,1 13,1
14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,1 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,1 27,2 28,4 29,2
30,2 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,3 36,1 37,6 39,2 41,6 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,3 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,2 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,14 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.45 75,1.41 76,0.89<0.85-0.91>
77,0.67<0.63-071> 78,0.79<0.64-0.79> 79,0.59<0.51-0.61> 80,1.33<1.23-1.33>
81,1.48<1.48-1.57> 82,1.75<1.62-1.85> 83,0.35 84,2.04<1.86-2.04>
85,2.52<2.42-2.65> 86,1.43<1.27-1.57> 88<N = 13> 90<Found in in dry to mesic
forest at Pu\u699?u Wa'awa\u699?a, Ka\u699?\u363?, and K\u299?lauea. Notably
absent from the Mauna Loa\endash{}Mauna Kea saddle area, where \i{}S.
longiceps\i0{} is most commonly found> 92<The type has the clypeus distinctly
triangular and pointed, but many specimens have it rounded triangular with a
rounded apex. Otherwise they are identical and from the same habitat. Specimens
from Kona have the fore femur slightly narrower, but well within the normal
range of variation>

# \i{}Sierola lepida\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola lepida\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:100> 3<Part of the species
group with a sharp, rather strongly arched clypeal carina, densely setose basal
wing cells, and mandible yellow. Closest to \i{}S. imparata\i0{} Fullaway and
\i{}S. nihoniho\i0{} n. sp.; distinguished from the former by having the dorsum
of head slightly convex in lateral view, frons weakly coriaceous and somewhat
shining, A3 about as long as wide or scarcely longer (L/W 1.0\endash{}1.2), and
fore femur moderately broad (FL/FW 2.00\endash{}2.15); and from the latter by
having the occipital margin narrowed to a ridge, posterior corners of the head
not strongly rounded, and the head not so broad> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: Glenwood, 2800' [850 m], 1 Oct 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM
Type 55> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Kona, 3000' [910 m], Sep 1892, R.C.L.
Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?, Kaumana, 29 Apr 1920, O.H. Swezey, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4
12,2 13,1 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1
29,1 30,2-3 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,2
56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.87 75,0.88
76,0.88<0.86-0.88> 77,0.58<0.58-0.59> 78,0.76<0.76-0.81> 79,0.63<0.63-0.74>
80,1.21<1.10-1.21> 81,1.65<1.65-1.76> 82,1.47<1.42-1.50> 83,0.40
84,2.00<1.94-2.14> 85,2.18<2.18-2.53> 86,1.08<1.06-1.21> 88<N = 3> 90<Rare in
wet forest on both the Hilo and Kona sides; known from only three specimens,
last collected in 1920> 92<The original description says that the holotype is
black; it is now brown, presumably having faded>

# \i{}Sierola levigata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola levigata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:94> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and
head deep (DH/LH \u8805?0.59). Separated by having the frons moderately punctate
with coriaceous sculpture (not strongly dull and densely punctate), and vertex
and gena setae elongate and conspicuous. Closest to \i{}S. compacta\i0{}
Fullaway, distinguished by the broader head (WH/LH 0.94\endash{}0.96 vs. ~0.90)
and hind femur (HFL/HFW ~2.5 vs. 3.0), and the propodeum more finely sculpted
and lacking a median carina. The frons is also usually much wider. Also similar
to \i{}S. newelli\i0{} Fullaway, distinguished by having A3 distinctly longer
than wide (L/W 1.3\endash{}1.5) and the hind femur moderately narrow (HFL/HFW
~2.30\endash{}2.50)> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220
m], Oct 1915, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 44> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Jul 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,1 12,1 13,1 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,2 23,2 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2
42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1
69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.59 75,1.32 76,0.96<0.94-0.96> 77,0.61<0.60-0.64>
78,0.67<0.63-0.68> 79,0.52<0.52-0.59> 80,1.29<1.07-1.29> 81,1.63<1.62-1.79>
82,1.31<1.19-1.31> 83,0.42 84,2.25<2.22-2.26> 85,2.53 86,1.43<1.36-1.50> 87,2.70
88<N = 3> 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in 1915 at K\u299?lauea,
and two older specimens> 92<See comments under \i{}S. fuscipennis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola longiceps\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola longiceps\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:110> 3<Belonging in the
group of species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous
vertex and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Separated from related
species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, carinate occipital margin, and
narrow and moderately deep head (WH 0.75\endash{}0.82, DH/LH 0.55\endash{}0.61)>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Oct 1915, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM Type 76> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Kona, 5000' [1520 m], 30
Jun 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L.
Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], old crack, 8 Sep 1919,
W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, 1 mi N, 30 Jul 1935, R.L. Usinger,
BPBM. 7\u9792? 1\u9794?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935, R.L.
Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Euphorbia\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935, R.L.
Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, 4 Aug 1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?
2\u9794?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 5 Aug 1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Euphorbia\i0{}, 6 Aug 1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM.
1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, ex \i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, 1 Aug 1946, W.C. Look, BPBM.
3\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, Sophora, 3 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM.
1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, 3 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same
data, \i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, \i{}Acacia koa\i0{},
BPBM. 4\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 7 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, BPBM. 1\u9792?, [near
Humu\u699?ula? no locality label], \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 7 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, P\u333?hakuloa, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, [no
date], E.H. Bryan, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 10 Feb 1962, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 2 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Ahumoa crater, 7000' [2130 m], 18 May 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM. 2\u9792? 1\u9794?, Halep\u333?haku, 9500' [2900 m], 18 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 6000' [1830 m], 18 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Halep\u333?haku, 9500' [2900 m], 18 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 10\u9792? 2\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ahumoa crater, 6500' [1980 m], 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 14\u9792? 2\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 29 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM. 1\u9792? 3\u9794?, Mauna Loa above P\u333?hakuloa, 7300' [2230 m], on
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 12 Jan 1973, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip
Road, 4300' [1300 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 13 Oct 1973, J.
Leeper, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 8000' [2440 m], 16 Jan 1975, S.L.
Montgomery, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 6600' [2010 m], ex \i{}Chenopodium
oahuense\i0{}, 9 May 1986, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N
155.8359\u176?W, beating \i{}Metrosideros polymorpha\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,1 23,5 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,3 39,3 41,3
42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,2 67,7 68,1
69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.73 75,0.97 76,0.79<0.75-0.82> 77,0.56<0.53-0.61>
78,0.79<0.72-0.87> 79,0.79<0.67-0.84> 80,1.00<1.00-1.15> 81,1.71<1.62-1.76>
82,1.67<1.43-1.67> 83,0.46 84,2.00<1.78-2.07> 85,2.33<2.29-2.52>
86,1.00<1.00-1.57> 88<N = 37> 90<Abundant in dry forest in the
P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region and Pu\u699?u Wa'awa\u699?a,
rare around K\u299?lauea. At the latter two it overlaps with \i{}S.
laticeps\i0{}> 92<This species appears to be a have a wider range of variation
than most others. Larger specimens have the fore femora broader and the head
deeper and distinctly angulate in lateral view: FL/FW 1.79\endash{}1.93, DH/LH
0.57\endash{}0.61, compared to 1.93\endash{}2.07 and 0.53\endash{}0.58 in
smaller specimens with the gena rounded. Intermediates connect the two forms in
both the ventral head shape and dimensions, and no other characters appear to
separate them. The large form overlaps with \i{}S. pilosa\i0{} Fullaway of
Moloka\u699?i and there are no clear characters to separate them, but I have
chosen to retain \i{}S. longiceps\i0{} as a distinct species for now until the
full variation can be understood across all islands. The near-restriction of
this species to the Mauna Loa\endash{}Mauna Kea saddle area, with the related
\i{}S. laticeps\i0{} primarily around K\u299?lauea, also argues against the
Hawai\lquote{}i specimens being part of a widespread multi-island taxon. The
four specimens from K\u299?lauea have the head on the flat end, but two have the
femora very broad>

# \i{}Sierola mahana\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a large complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal
carina, densely setose basal wing cells, and lateral ocelli distinctly separate
from the vertex crest. Separated from most other species by having the head more
compressed (DH/LH 0.55\endash{}0.58) and ocellar triangle weakly obtuse, OOL/WOT
1.25\endash{}1.45. The vertex and gena setae are also short, similar to those of
the frons. Closest to \i{}S. nemorensis\i0{} Fullaway, separated by having the
antenna longer (A3 about 1.3\endash{}1.5 times as long as wide), mandible
parallel-sided beyond the basal constriction, and basal wing cells clearly
densely setose> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u257?hana\i0{}, twin, referring of the
close similarity of this species to \i{}S. nemorensis\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper Wai\u257?kea For. Rsrv., k\u299?puka 33, clip \i{}M.
polymorpha\i0{}, 28 Jul 2010, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, BPBM Type 18103>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 5, 1632 m,
19.6649\u176?N 155.3522\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection 485, lot H.R.0157, 29 Apr 2013, P. LoCicero & C. Morrison, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 18, 1532 m, 19.6748\u176?N
155.3342\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection 515,
lot H.R.0107, 7 May 2013, P. LoCicero & C. Morrison, USNM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2
13,2<slightly recurved ventrally> 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3
23,3 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,3 44,1
46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,4 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,5
69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.99 75,0.93 76,0.90<0.89-0.91> 77,0.58<0.55-0.58>
78,0.76<0.75-0.79> 79,0.67<0.65-0.67> 80,1.14<1.14-1.18> 81,1.74<1.71-1.74>
82,1.36<1.31-1.36> 83,0.40 84,2.13<2.13-2.24> 85,2.50<2.43-2.57>
86,1.43<1.30-1.43> 87,2.81 88<N = 3> 90<Known from a series of specimens
collected in the Mauna Loa k\u299?puka mosaic, all taken by canopy branch
clipping>

# \i{}Sierola mahui\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and sparsely setose basal wing
cells, easily recognized by the very broad head, as wide or wider than long.
Similar in general appearance to \i{}S. kauensis\i0{} Fullaway, including the
very broad fore femur, but differing in the sparsely setose wing cells, lacking
a distinct genal angle or postgenal depression, vertex and gena setae
undifferentiated from those of the frons, and the lateral ocelli distinctly
separated from the vertex crest. Nearly identical to \i{}S. uluna\i0{} n. sp.,
separated by the relatively narrow fore femur, clypeus strongly recurved in
profile, and metasoma with faint microreticulation on the entire dorsal surface,
more conspicuous ventrally> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u257?hu\u699?i\i0{},
mimic, referring to the close similarity between this species and \i{}S.
uluna\i0{} n. sp.> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper Wai\u257?kea FR,
k\u299?puka 40, 1729 m, canopy Malaise trap, collection K40-C-M, lot HI-1950, 10
Aug 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, BPBM Type 18104> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,1 13,3
14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3
31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,1 42,4 44,5 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,3 51,2 52,7 53,1
56,3 57,3 58,1 59,4 60,2 61,1 63,1 65,12 66,1 67,8 68,13 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1
74,3.14 75,1.50 76,1.04 77,0.64 78,0.52 79,0.39 80,1.33 81,1.52 82,1.23 83,0.46
84,2.23 85,2.18 86,1.40 87,2.83 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in
wet forest above Hilo>

# \i{}Sierola mahuna\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<The unusual scutellate sculpture of the frons, which obscures the punctation,
together with the quadrate head shape in dorsal view, glabrous basal wing cells,
and short but highly arched and recurved clypeus immediately separates this
species from all others. The only Hawaiian species with similar scutellate
microsculpture are \i{}S. hou\i0{} n. sp., which has the head strongly convex
dorsally and clypeus short and steep, and \i{}S. unahi\i0{} n. sp., which has
the head distinctly triangular in dorsal view and the clypeus low and elongate>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u257?huna\i0{}, scaly skin, referring to the
distinctive frons microsculpture> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: near
Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM Type 18105>
6<Paratypes: 3\u9792\'3f, near Humu\u699\'3fula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946,
E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792\'3f, same data, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, BPBM> 8,1 10,3
11,2 12,6 13,3 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,12 24,1 25,13
26,2 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1/6 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,3 42,3 44,2 46,3 47,1
50,1 52,5 53,4 54,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,3 67,7 68,4 69,1
70,2 71,3 72,1 74,1.70 75,0.91 76,0.86 77,0.56 78,0.70 79,0.61 80,1.15 81,1.70
82,1.10 83,0.44 84,2.17 85,2.89 86,1.43 87,2.53 90<Very rare, known only from a
series of five specimens collected at Humu\u699?ula in 1946>

# \i{}Sierola maiki\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Separated from most other species by the small size, clypeus with a sharp
carina and somewhat recurved in profile, basal wing cells nearly glabrous, and
head narrow and elongate behind the eyes. Closest to \i{}S. iki\i0{} n. sp.,
distinguished by having the head shorter behind the eyes and the posterior
corners strongly rounded, as well as the glabrous basal wing cell. The femora
are also extremely narrow, which separates it from most other species except
\i{}S. mealele\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. nukupio\i0{} n. sp., both of which are
very different in general appearance> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u257?iki\i0{},
small, referring to the size> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
P\u333?hakuloa Training Area, K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257? pan trap, OUA1 CBG, 9
Feb 2001, P. Oboyski et al., BPBM Type 18106> 8,1 10,4-5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,12
15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,2 23,9 24,1 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,2 30,3
31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,7 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,4 58,1
59,2 60,14 61,1<basally with a pair of long erect setae> 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,16
69,1 70,2 71,3 72,1 74,1.24 75,0.62 76,0.86 77,0.55 78,0.77 79,0.73 80,1.06
81,1.76 82,1.38 83,0.40 84,2.58 85,2.78 86,1.52 87,2.94 90<Very rare, known only
from the holotype collected at P\u333?hakuloa>

# \i{}Sierola makaiki\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable by having the head
broader behind the eyes and long, with the eyes correspondingly small, EV/HE
~1.55; ocellar triangle very strongly acute and lateral ocelli separated from
the vertex crest by about twice their diameter; and clypeal carina sharp, almost
evenly sloping in profile> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}maka iki\i0{}, small eye,
referring to the appearance in lateral view, made more exaggerated by the
elongate head> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158
m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 2-2, GRU 0474-005, 12 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM Type 18107> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul
1906, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, \u699?\u332?la\u699?a Forest Reserve,
yellow sticky card, 6 Jan 2005, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe, 1170 m,
19.9302\u176?N 155.2906\u176?W, Malaise trap, 5 Dec 2022\endash{}9 Apr 2023,
K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,2 11,1 12,2 13,4 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,4 30,1 31,3 33,1 34,4 35,1 36,2 37,3 41,3
42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,2
69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.30 75,1.14 76,0.78 77,0.54 78,1.55 79,1.15 80,1.35 81,1.70
82,2.45 83,0.34 84,2.00 85,2.48 86,0.88 87,3.25 90<Widely distributed in
windward wet forest but rare, known only from five specimens>

# \i{}Sierola mamua\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Forming a species complex with \i{}S. pohaku\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. rocki\i0{}
Fullaway, united by having the head broad and ventrally strongly convex or
angulately produced, frons smooth and shining, clypeus lacking a carina and
evenly curved in profile, basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose, and
mandible yellow to reddish brown. Distinguished from the other two species by
the sparsely setose basal wing cells, convex clypeus (sometimes weakly
angulate), usually reddish brown mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally,
ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, and head weakly convex dorsally> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}mamua\i0{}, before or past, referring to the abundance of this
species in collections by R.C.L. Perkins in the late 1800\rquote{}s and its near
absence since then> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM Type 18108> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, \u699?\u332?la\u699?a,
Jun 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380201. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1895,
R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, NHMUK 013380213. 8\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380196, 013380204, 013380206,
013380208, 013380211, 013380212, 013380216, 013380217. 41\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 7\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 656, Aug 1896, R.C.L.
Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?, same data, NHMUK 013380259. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
683, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Sep
1896, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380209. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 685, Sep 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1200 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 9\endash{}2, GRU 1171\endash{}004, 8 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner, BPBM.\par{}Additional material: 1\u9792?, Kona, 2000' [600 m], Sep 1892,
R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380207 [center specimen on card]. 1\u9794?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea For. Rsrv., k\u299?puka 33, 19.6430\u176?N 155.3480\u176?W, clip
\i{}M. polymorpha\i0{}, K33-TR1-2010 HI-2123, 28 Jul 2010, D. Leopold & B.
Hwang, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,3-4 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,6/2 41,3
42,4 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,2 53,3 55,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4 61,1 63,1 65,1
66,3-4<rarely yellow except at the base> 67,5/8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,2.17
75,1.04 76,0.89<0.89-0.92> 77,0.63<0.63-0.66> 78,0.71<0.68-0.73>
79,0.53<0.53-0.56> 80,1.32<1.25-1.33> 81,1.62<1.62-1.67> 82,1.14<1.14-1.21>
83,0.44 84,2.00<1.96-2.07> 85,2.65<2.50-2.71> 86,1.30<1.12-1.33> 87,2.82 88<N =
6> 90<Collected abundantly by Perkins at K\u299?lauea, but only a single
specimen since 1896> 92<Slight variation in the clypeus and genal angle makes
this species somewhat intermediate and difficult to categorize precisely for
those characters, but it is quite distinct from \i{}S. rocki\i0{} and \i{}S.
pohaku\i0{} by the characters listed in the diagnosis. The one specimen from
Kona appears to be intermediate with \i{}S. pohaku\i0{}: it has the mandible
concave but also glabrous wing cells and a less prominent genal angle. It is not
designated as a paratype. One specimen also has the mandible yellow as in those
species. One recent male appears to be this species, but the ventral margin of
the mandible is not very concave and the head is more flattened. It was the most
abundant in Perkins' collections, and its absence from even those of Giffard 20
years later is striking. The few recent specimens have come from canopy
collections, but even there only two have been obtained among a large number of
\i{}Sierola\i0{} specimens>

# \i{}Sierola mani\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp clypeal carina and sparsely
setose basal wing cells. Separated from most others by the relatively narrow
head and moderately narrow, black mandible. Closest to \i{}S. minuta\i0{}
Fullaway, separated by having the frons punctation obscure, hind femur very
narrow, head less convex above and below, and OOL/WOT less than 1.30. Also
similar to \i{}S. iki\i0{} n. sp., distinguished by having the head shorter
behind the eye (EV/HE ~0.76 vs. ~0.95), mandible distinctly convex outwardly,
and basal wing cells clearly sparsely setose, with only one row of setae> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}mani\i0{}, smooth like a water-worn rock, referring to the
impunctate frons> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa Training
Area, K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257? pan trap, OUA3 CBY, 9 Feb 2001, P. Oboyski et
al., BPBM Type 18109> 8,1 10,5 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,2 22,3 23,10 24,2 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,3 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,3 53,4 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,10
66,1-3 67,8 68,4 69,1 70,2 71,5 72,1 74,1.66 75,0.77 76,0.86 77,0.57 78,0.76
79,0.66 80,1.16 81,1.68 82,1.16 83,0.41 84,2.31 85,3.15 86,1.50 87,3.46 90<Very
rare, known only from the holotype collected at P\u333?hakuloa>

# \i{}Sierola mawaena\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of the large group of species with the clypeus semicircular, with a sharp
dorsal carina, and evenly curved or slightly recurved ventrally in profile; head
moderately deep and wide (WH/LH 0.87\endash{}0.90, DH/LH 0.58\endash{}0.60);
mandible black; antenna elongate, flagellar segments distinctly longer than
wide; and femora narrow, FL/FW 2.20\endash{}2.40, HFL/HFW 2.45\endash{}2.70.
United with \i{}S. koolau\i0{} n. sp. by the microreticulate metasoma and
unusual small, shallow emargination of the vertex crest between the ocelli;
differing in having the basal wing cells with intermediate setation (clearly
sparse in \i{}S. koolau\i0{}, cell R with few setae), clypeus slightly recurved
ventrally, and malar space distinct, about 1/4 as long as the basal mandible
width> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}mawaena\i0{}, at the center, referring to the
collection of nearly all known specimens of this species near the geographic
center of the island> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Upper Wai\u257?kea
FR, k\u299?puka 5, 1625 m, canopy Malaise trap, collection K5-E-M, lot HI-1479,
17 Aug 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, BPBM Type 18110> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?,
K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#16, card H, 2 May 2003, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 30, 1751 m, 19.6547\u176?N
155.3703\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K30-C-M1, lot HI-0567, 8 Apr
2009, D. Leopold, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 38, 1731 m,
19.6363\u176?N 155.3609\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K38-C-M1, lot
HI-0646, 9 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR,
k\u299?puka 29, 1637 m, 19.6638\u176?N 155.3496\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap,
collection K29-C-M1, lot HI-0614, 15 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 9, 1710 m, 19.6678\u176?N 155.3693\u176?W, canopy
Malaise trap, collection K9-C-M, lot HI-1417, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E.
Parissenti, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 6, 1638 m,
19.6697\u176?N 155.3583\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K6-C-M, lot
HI-1449, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 29, 1631 m, 19.6636\u176?N 155.3497\u176?W, canopy
Malaise trap, collection K29-E-M, lot HI-1762, 17 Aug 2009, J. Riley & E.
Parissenti, USNM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 5, 1625 m,
19.6638\u176?N 155.3521\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K5-E-M, lot
HI-1479, 17 Aug 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, USNM> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3
14,10 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,1 26,9 28,1 29,2
30,4-3 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,1
53,2 56,3 57,3 58,1 59,3 60,2 61,1 63,1 65,12 66,1 67,2 69,3 70,1 71,6 72,1
74,2.21 75,1.08 76,0.88<0.87-0.90> 77,0.59<0.58-0.60> 78,0.70<0.62-0.73>
79,0.58<0.52-0.61> 80,1.21<1.15-1.21> 81,1.63<1.62-1.70> 82,1.35<1.29-1.39>
83,0.40 84,2.30<2.22-2.36> 85,2.53<2.44-2.70> 86,1.47<1.33-1.50> 87,2.56 88<N =
7> 90<Known from a series of specimens collected in the Mauna Loa k\u299?puka
mosaic, all taken in canopy Malaise traps, along with one collected near
K\u299?lauea> 92<This species is probably more widespread than its collection
records indicate, and has not been collected due to its canopy-dwelling habits.
Notably, it was collected only in Malaise traps while \i{}S. mahana\i0{} n. sp.
was collected in similar k\u299?puka (one of them overlapping with \i{}S.
mawaena\i0{}) only by branch clippings, suggesting differences in behavior that
affect how they are collected. It appears to be related to the \i{}S.
puuwaawaa\i0{} complex of species, but the moderately dense setae of the basal
wing cells may cause it to run closer to \i{}S. compacta\i0{} and related
species>

# \i{}Sierola mealele\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and
more or less flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells sparsely
setose. Close to \i{}S. hooneo\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. holomelaena\i0{} Fullaway
in having the clypeus rounded and recurved ventrally. Separated from the former
by the strongly acute ocellar triangle and much greater OOL/WOT, and from the
latter by the narrow head and fore femur. Also similar to \i{}S. molina\i0{} n.
sp., but that species has the clypeus short and steeply curved in profile, not
recurved> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}mea lele\i0{}, one that jumps, referring to
the collector of the holotype, J. Leeper> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Mauna Loa Strip, 5000' [1520 m], ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 23 Sep 1974, J. Leeper,
BPBM Type 18111> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m],
\i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 30 Sep 1972, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka
K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#21, card A, 15 Jul 2003, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#22, card B, 29 May 2004, BPBM>
8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,4 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,1 42,2 43,1 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,4 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,4
69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1 74,1.79 75,0.83 76,0.78 77,0.47 78,1.19 79,0.85 80,1.40
81,1.58 82,2.40 83,0.33 84,2.40 85,2.18 86,1.25 87,3.12 90<Known from only four
specimens, collected close together at Hawaii Volcanoes> 92<See comments under
\i{}S. holomelaena\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola megalognatha\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola megalognatha\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:89> 3<Immediately
recognizable by the massive mandible, elbowed at nearly 90\u176? and protruding
laterally to a level with the median eye margin in dorsal view even when fully
closed. The frons is very broad and relatively long behind the eyes, clypeus
triangular and pointed apically, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Probably
related to \i{}S. koa\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, but readily distinguished
from that species by the wider head and larger mandible which is broad through
its entire length, not constricted near the base, and twisted rather than evenly
convex outwardly> 5<Holotype \u9792? and allotype \u9794?. Hawai\u699?i:
Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700' [1130 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
35> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700' [1130 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard,
BPBM (paratype)> 8,1 10,1 11,1 12,3 13,2 14,1 15,3 16,2 17,4 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,3 33,4 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,1
44,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 49,3 53,1 54,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,8
68,2 69,1 70,2 71,4 74,2.28 75,1.14 76,0.93 77,0.55 78,0.91 79,0.59 80,1.55
81,1.59 82,1.85 83,0.33 84,2.11 85,2.25 86,1.00 90<Very rare, known only from
the type series taken at Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a and one earlier at
K\u299?lauea. Last seen in 1917>

# \i{}Sierola milo\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Recognized by having the clypeus rounded triangular, dorsally angulate but
lacking a sharply raised carina and evenly sloping in profile; mandible reddish
brown and strongly convex outwardly, moderately narrow and distinctly concave
ventrally; and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S. kumole\i0{}
n. sp., separated by the darker mandible, more compressed head (DH/LH 0.56 vs.
0.64) and distinctly broad fore and hind femora> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}milo\i0{}, curl or twist, referring to the condition of the type specimen>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Humu\u699?ula, 7 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman,
BPBM Type 18112> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,3 13,2<rounded at apex> 14,11 15,4 16,1 17,4
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,8 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,7 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,5 50,1 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,3 61,1 63,1
65,1 66,3 67,7 68,7 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,2.00 75,1.02 76,0.88 77,0.56 78,0.80
79,0.62 80,1.30 81,1.65 82,1.34 83,0.41 84,1.83 85,2.16 86,1.17 87,2.80 90<Known
only from the holotype, collected at Humu\u699?ula in 1946>

# \i{}Sierola minuta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola minuta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:106> 3<Belonging to the
group of species with a sharp clypeal carina and sparse setation of the basal
wing cells. Separated from most others by the relatively narrow head and
moderately narrow, black mandible. Closest to \i{}S. mani\i0{} n. sp., separated
by having the frons distinctly punctate, hind femur much broader, head more
convex above and below, and OOL/WOT 1.36\endash{}1.45. Also similar to \i{}S.
iki\i0{} n. sp., distinguished by having the head shorter behind the eye (EV/HE
0.70\endash{}0.80 vs. ~0.95), mandible distinctly convex outwardly, and basal
wing cells clearly sparsely setose, with only one row of setae> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Middle Puna, 750' [230 m], 6 Aug 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM
Type 68> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, S. Kona, 11 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Mt. Hual\u257?lai, 2500' [760 m], 28 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a cone, 3600' [1100 m], 19.7750\u176?N
155.8330\u176?W, on \i{}Sapindus saponaria\i0{} fruit, 13 Aug 2012, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 33, 1664 m,
19.6432\u176?N 155.3478\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection 521, lot H.R.0112, 8 May 2013, P. LoCicero & C. Morrison, USNM> 8,1
10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,5
53,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,2 74,1.49
75,0.73 76,0.84<0.84-0.86> 77,0.55<0.54-0.56> 78,0.71<0.71-0.78>
79,0.64<0.60-0.68> 80,1.11<1.11-1.18> 81,1.69<1.68-1.70> 82,1.45<1.36-1.45>
83,0.36 84<1.92-2.08> 85,2.22<2.14-2.22> 86,1.00<1.00-1.11> 88<N = 3> 90<Rare,
known from only five specimens, but widely distributed> 92<The wings and front
femur of the holotype are distorted and could not be measured; LFW is estimated
based on the ratio of the intact basal portion observed in the other specimens>

# \i{}Sierola molina\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the head and mesosoma compressed and
more or less flattened, sharp clypeal carina, and basal wing cells sparsely
setose. Closest to \i{}S. mealele\i0{} n. sp. in having the head and fore femur
narrow, but differing in having the clypeus not recurved ventrally, frons much
narrower (WF/HE ~1.0 vs. 1.4), and OOL/WOT ~2.05 rather than 2.18\endash{}2.47>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}m\u333?lina\i0{}, a strip (as of cloth or wood),
referring to the type locality and the narrow head> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5300' [1620 m], \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 2
Jul 1972, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 18113> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,4 14,1-3 15,1
16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,11 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,4
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,1 56,3
57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,1.80 75,0.83
76,0.72 77,0.49 78,1.16 79,1.03 80,1.12 81,1.72 82,2.04 83,0.30 84,2.14 85,2.28
86,1.09 87,3.44 90<Known from only from the holotype, collected north of
K\u299?lauea at Hawaii Volcanoes> 92<The holotype is slightly bleached and the
leg coloration is somewhat uncertain, particularly on the tibiae. See comments
under \i{}S. holomelaena\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola monticola\i0{} <Blackburn & Cameron, 1886>/
3<Part of the large group of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina
and densely setose basal wing cells. A very distinctive species, easily
recognized by the strongly sculpted and punctate metasoma. Very similar to
\i{}S. nigrans\i0{}, separated by having the head elongate and compressed (DH/LH
0.49\endash{}0.52, EV/HE 0.85\endash{}0.96), and weakly convex ventrally. Among
others only \i{}S. opakapaka\i0{} n. sp. has the metasoma distinctly coriaceous;
in that species the head is much deeper, DH/LH \u8805?0.60> 5<Holotype
\u9792\'3f. Hawai\u699\'3fi: 134, [no date], T. Blackburn, BPBM> 6<Material
examined: 5\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1935, R.L. Usinger,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 6000' [1830 m], 18 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 5\u9792? 3\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 4\u9792? 2\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 6000' [1830 m], 21 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
29\u9792? 8\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 3800' [1160 m], 29 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9792?, between Pu\u699?u La\u699?au & Ahumoa, 7400' [2260 m], sweeping
\i{}Sophora\i0{}, 9 Jan 1990, W.D. Perreira, BPBM. 3\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa
Training Area: 0.8 mi. NE of Saddle Rd., ex \i{}Coprosma\i0{} & Mamane, Saddle
Rd. realignment project, PTA-3, 11+260, 21 Aug 1996, G.M. Nishida, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Ka\u699?ohe Game Mgmt. Area, ~1 mi N. Ahumoa, 6000' [1830 m], 25 Oct
1996, M.J. & C.A. Tauber, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West
K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N 155.8359\u176?W, beating
\i{}Metrosideros\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 2\u9794?, Pu\u699?u
Kol\u299?, 7100' [2160 m], 19.6357\u176?N 155.5433\u176?W, on \i{}Sophora\i0{},
23 Oct 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Pu\u699?u Kol\u299?, 7100'
[2160 m], 19.6357\u176?N 155.5433\u176?W, on \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 28 Nov 2012,
K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 6\u9792? 1\u9794?, Pu\u699?u Huluhulu, 6700' [2040 m],
19.6859\u176?N 155.4667\u176?W, beating \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 9 Jan 2013, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,3 11,1 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3
22,1 23,3 24,3 25,2 26,2 28,3 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,4 39,3 41,1
42,4 44,5 46,1 47,2 48,1 50,1 52,7 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,5 61,6 63,1 65,16 66,2
67,7 68,13 69,1 70,2 71,7 72,1 74,2.03 75,1.00 76,0.88<0.87-91>
77,0.51<0.49-0.52> 78,0.92<0.85-0.96> 79,0.72<0.66-0.76> 80,1.28<1.24-1.31>
81,1.70<1.66-1.78> 82,1.62<1.53-1.69> 83,0.43 84,2.00<1.89-2.18>
85,2.14<2.14-2.40> 86,1.32<1.22-1.38> 87,2.85 88<N =10> 90<Restricted to dry to
dry-mesic forest from Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a to the
P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region, where it is moderately
common> 92<The microsculpture of the head and thorax (but not propodeum) is very
regular and areolate, much more conspicuous than most species. The prominent
sculpturing of the abdomen is almost unique in the Hawaiian taxa and will
immediately serve to distinguish it together with the sister species \i{}S.
nigrans\i0{}, which is found at wetter and lower sites. There is some confusion
about the identity of the type. The description says \ldblquote{}mountains of
Hawaii (no. 134),\rdblquote{} with no indication if more than one specimen was
available. A specimen at NHMUK (referenced in Magnacca 2019) had been presumed
to be the unique holotype. The NHMUK specimen has no markings or labels other
than \ldblquote{}Sierola monticola Cam Hawaii\rdblquote{} written on the
underside of the card with the specimen. In contrast, a specimen at the Bishop
Museum is mounted on a card with Blackburn\rquote{}s symbol for the island of
Hawai\u699?i and \ldblquote{}134\rdblquote{} written on it (analogous to the
\ldblquote{}94\rdblquote{} found on the label of the type of \i{}S.
testaceipes\i0{} Cameron and mentioned in the description of that species;
Cameron, 1881), along with a label in Perkins\rquote{} handwriting that reads
\ldblquote{}according to T.B. [Blackburn] this is S. monticola Cam. no.
134,\rdblquote{} and one saying \ldblquote{}R.C.L. Perkins coll.\rdblquote{} The
NHMUK and BPBM specimens are not the same species. Cameron\rquote{}s aculeate
Hymenoptera types were not acquired by the NHMUK until 1899 (Lankester, 1906),
suggesting that Perkins had removed it from Cameron's collection before then.
Based on the \ldblquote{}134\rdblquote{} on the card, I have determined that the
BPBM specimen is in fact the holotype of \i{}S. monticola\i0{}. It is not
entirely clear if the NHMUK specimen is even from the island of Hawai\u699?i, as
it lacks any kind of label, including the symbols that Blackburn used to
designate which island specimens came from. It generally matches \i{}S.
nigrans\i0{}, including in the head dimensions that separate it from \i{}S.
monticola\i0{}, but differs slightly in having the clypeus more strongly curved
in profile, not elongate and acutely pointed. Such a difference could be due to
variation or wear>

# \i{}Sierola nemorensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nemorensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:142> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, and lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest.
Separated from \i{}S. fuscipennis\i0{} and related species by having the head
more compressed (DH/LH 0.54\endash{}0.58) and ocellar triangle weakly obtuse,
OOL/WOT 1.25\endash{}1.45. The vertex and gena setae are also short, similar to
those of the frons. Closest to \i{}S. mahana\i0{} n. sp., separated by the short
antenna (A3 about as long as wide), mandible with a short but distinct concavity
just past the base, and basal wing cells less densely setose. Also similar to
\i{}S. pakua\i0{} n. sp., distinguished by the lateral ocelli being separated
from the vertex crest and by having the mandible moderately broad and not
strongly concave ventrally (moderately narrow and distinctly concave in \i{}S.
pakua\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Hawai\u699?i [no locality or
date], A. Koebele, BPBM Type 140> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, Hawai\u699?i,
[no date], A. Koebele, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m],
dry forest; numbered 12, 12 Jun 1908, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratype of \i{}S.
fuscipes\i0{}). 1\u9792?, Kohala Mts., 24 May 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 3\u9792?,
Honoka\u699?a, 2500' [760 m], 28 May 1922, F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kohala
Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 3-2, GRU 0506-007,
12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,4
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,5 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,3/4 61,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,6 74,1.92 75,0.98
76,0.93<0.87-0.93> 77,0.57<0.54-0.57> 78,0.74<0.72-0.76> 79,0.63<0.60-0.68>
80,1.17<1.12-1.20> 81,1.70<1.68-1.74> 82,1.29<1.29-1.42> 83,0.41
84,2.08<2.05-2.18> 85,2.22<2.22-2.47> 86,1.00<0.90\endash{}1.11> 88<N = 6>
90<Found in wet forest on the windward side, somewhat rare but found recently in
fogging samples>

# \i{}Sierola neobrunnea\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<The combination of a yellow, narrow mandible that is strongly concave
ventrally and strongly convex outwardly on the apical half, and a sharp clypeal
carina will separate this species from all others on Hawai\u699?i. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. brunnea\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, separated by the
sparser setation of the basal wing cells, with only two distinct rows plus a few
additional setae> 4<Referring to the close similarity between this species and
\i{}S. brunnea\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Niuli\u699?i, 22 May 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 18114> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, S. Kona,
\i{}Straussia\i0{} [= \i{}Psychotria\i0{}], 8 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Honoka\u699?a, 2500' [760 m], 28 May 1922, F.X. Williams,
BPBM.\par{}Additional material: 1\u9792?, Kukuiopa\u699?e, 4600' [1400 m],
19.3033\u176?N 155.8189\u176?W, on \i{}Clermontia\i0{} leaves, 11 Sep 2010, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1
22,2 23,5 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,3 36,1 37,3 38,8 39,3
41,3 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1
69,1 70,2 71,6 74,1.82 75,0.84 76,0.83<0.83-0.86> 77,0.54<0.53-0.54>
78,0.90<0.80-0.90> 79,0.76<0.68-0.76> 80,1.19<1.15-1.25> 81,1.62<1.62-1.68>
82,1.46<1.36-1.46> 83,0.42 84,1.86<1.83-1.93> 85,2.62<2.55-2.90>
86,1.14<1.14-1.22> 87,2.88 88<N = 4> 90<Widespread but rare, known from five
specimens scattered across the island, one of them recent> 92<This may
eventually prove to be conspecific with \i{}S. brunnea\i0{}, but despite the
wide variability in head width, punctation, and color seen in that species, the
dense wing setation is consistent. In contrast, the few available specimens of
\i{}S. neobrunnea\i0{} are not particularly variable despite coming from widely
separated locations>

# \i{}Sierola newelli\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola newelli\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:154> 3<Part of a large
complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal carina, densely setose
basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, and
head deep (DH/LH \u8805?0.59). Separated by having the frons moderately punctate
with coriaceous sculpture (not strongly dull and densely punctate), and vertex
and gena setae elongate and conspicuous. Closest to \i{}S. levigata\i0{}
Fullaway, distinguished by having A3 slightly wider than long and the hind femur
broader (HFL/HFW ~1.90\endash{}2.30)> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i:
Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on \u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18 Jul 1918, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM Type 164> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,1 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3
41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 49,3 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,1
67,7 68,5 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.98 75,0.92 76,0.93 77,0.59 78,0.79 79,0.59 80,1.35
81,1.61 82,1.48 83,0.43 84,1.96 85,2.00 86,1.11 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected in 1918 in Ka\u699?\u363?> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
fuscipennis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola nigrans\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nigrans\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:133> 3<Part of the large
group of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina and densely setose
basal wing cells. A distinctive species, easily recognized by the strongly
sculpted and punctate metasoma. Very similar to \i{}S. monticola\i0{} Blackburn
& Cameron, separated by having the head more compact, deeper and shorter behind
the eyes (DH/LH ~0.55, EV/HE 0.60\endash{}0.70), and evenly convex ventrally.
Among others only \i{}S. opakapaka\i0{} n. sp. has the metasoma distinctly
coriaceous; in that species the head is much deeper, DH/LH \u8805?0.60>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Kahuku, 1800' [550 m], 14 Jan 1919, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM Type 122> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792? [no collection data,
"Sierola monticola Cam Hawaii" on underside of card, bearing red-ringed type
label and B.M. TYPE 13.191], NHMUK. 1\u9792?, Kona, 2000' [600 m], 30 Jun 1892,
R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM [right specimen on card]. 1\u9792?, Kealakekua, 3500' [1070
m], on \i{}Clermontia coerulea\i0{} [= \i{}C. clermontioides\i0{}], 16 Aug 1919,
P.H. Timberlake, UCRC ENT 556762. 1\u9792?, No. Hilo Dist., Laup\u257?hoehoe
Natural Area Reserve, 28 Oct 1996, M.J. & C.A. Tauber, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,2
13,2/11 14,13 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1
29,1 30,5 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,1 56,3
57,2 58,1 59,5 61,6 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.91 75,0.93
76,0.91<0.90-0.92> 77,0.55<0.55-0.57> 78,0.73<0.63-0.73> 79,0.64<0.53-0.64>
80,1.14<1.09-1.17> 81,1.72<1.68-1.75> 82,1.24<1.09-1.24> 83,0.43
84,1.93<1.85-2.05> 85,2.08<2.00-2.08> 86,1.17<1.13-1.51> 88<N = 5> 90<Rare but
widespread in wet to mesic forest. Known only from the type, an old specimen
lacking data at NHMUK, two older specimens from Kona, and one recent specimen
from Laup\u257?hoehoe> 92<See comments under \i{}S. monticola\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola nigrescens\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola nigrescens\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:73> 3<Distinguished from
all other species on Hawai\u699?i by the mandible being bent down near the base
and overlapping in an X when closed, along with the flat, quadrate clypeus. Very
similar to \i{}S. psaliphora\i0{} Magnacca from O\u699?ahu, differing in having
the mandible less strongly bent and frons more coarsely sculpted and sparsely
punctate> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], in the
dry forest, 6 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 3> 6<Material examined:
1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, A3A-5, GRU 4262-001, 4 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
27-B, GRU 7620-001, 17 Apr 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka
K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#14, card G, 2 May 2003, BPBM> 8,1 10,7 11,4
12,9 13,7 14,18 15,5 16,1 17,6 19,3 20,5 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,3 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,3 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 57,2 58,1 59,1
63,1 65,1 66,3 67,16 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.91 75,0.84 76,0.78 77,0.50 78,0.70
79,0.70 80,1.00 81,1.80 82,1.50 83,0.41 84,2.07 86,1.00 90<Rarely collected,
known only from the holotype and three recent specimens, all from the windward
side of the island> 92<Two of the recent specimens were collected by fogging or
branch clipping \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a lehua (\i{}Metrosideros polymorpha\i0{})
canopy, the same method by which a large number of a related species was
collected on Maui, suggesting that this species may not be rare but difficult to
collect>

# \i{}Sierola nihoniho\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of the species group with a sharp, rather strongly arched clypeal carina,
densely setose basal wing cells, and mandible yellow. Closest to \i{}S.
imparata\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S. lepida\i0{} Fullaway, distinguished by having
the occipital margin narrowed to a ridge, posterior corners of the head strongly
rounded (head thus appearing more circular rather than quadrate in dorsal view),
and the head very broad, WH/LH ~0.99. The clypeus is also peculiarly scalloped
or crenulate in lateral view, though this may be an aberration of the single
specimen> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}nihoniho\i0{}, jagged or scalloped, referring
to the appearance of the clypeal carina in lateral view> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1200 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 7-4, GRU 1085-002, 7 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus,
BPBM Type 18115> 8,1 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,8 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3
41,2 42,1 44,5 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,2 65,1 66,6
67,5 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,2.30 75,1.10 76,0.99 77,0.64 78,0.61 79,0.52
80,1.18 81,1.69 82,1.09 83,0.41 84,1.97 85,2.71 86,1.57 87,2.68 90<Known only
from the holotype, collected in wet forest at K\u299?lauea> 92<The unusual
crenulate shape of the clypeal carina may be an aberration, but only one
specimen is available>

# \i{}Sierola nukupio\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a complex of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina, broad
head, long third antennal segment, and sparsely setose to glabrous basal wing
cells. Very similar to \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{} Fullaway, differing most clearly in
the glabrous basal wing cells; it also differs from most specimens of that
species by the yellow mandible, slightly more prominent clypeus, longer head
setation, and narrow hind femur> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}nuku\i0{}, beak, +
\i{}pi\u699?o\i0{}, arched, referring to the strongly curved clypeus> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: S. Kona, \i{}Cheirodendron\i0{}, 16 Aug 1919, O.H.
Swezey, BPBM Type 18116> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792\'3f, S. Kona, \i{}Pipturus\i0{},
16 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 2\u9792\'3f, 29 mi.
\u699\'3f\u332\'3fla\u699\'3fa, Aug 1925, W.M. Giffard, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,2 14,10 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,3 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,2 65,1 66,6 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 74,2.49 75,1.21
76,0.95<0.90-0.95> 77,0.62<0.58-0.63> 78,0.59<0.57-0.64> 79,0.51<0.53-0.59>
80,1.15<1.05-1.15> 81,1.72<1.72-1.82> 82,1.09<1.03-1.12> 83,0.41
84,2.45<2.43-2.56> 85,2.81<2.75-2.81> 86,1.61<1.57-1.67> 87,2.70 88<N = 4>
90<Rare, known from four specimens collected in wet forest, two each from South
Kona and \u699?\u332?la\u699?a. Last seen in 1925> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
puuwaawaa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola okala\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Readily distinguished from all other species by the heterogeneous frons
microsculpture, minutely colliculate below the middle of the eyes and finely
microreticulate above. Otherwise somewhat nondescript, clypeus short and curved,
weakly carinate dorsally, head moderately broad and deep, mandible moderately
narrow and parallel-sided. Closest to \i{}S. hou\i0{} n. sp., which is
distinguished by having the microsculpture scutellate (each cellule flat) and
covering the entire frons; and the head more strongly convex dorsally and
ventrally, with the posterior corners more rounded> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}\u699?\u333?kala\i0{}, rough (as sharkskin), referring to the colliculate
lower frons> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?lauea, Byron's Ledge,
12 Jul 1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 18117> 6<Paratype: 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa,
26 Jun 1963, D.E. Hardy, BPBM.\par{}Additional material: 1\u9792?, Kap\u257?pala
Canoe Management Area, 1390 m, 19.3560\u176?N 155.4610\u176?W, on \i{}Myrsine
lessertiana\i0{}, 10 Apr 2023, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,5-2
14,9 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,15 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,4
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,3 50,1 51,2 52,2 53,4
56,1 57,3 58,2 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1-4 67,7/23 68,5 69,1 70,2 71,6 72,1
74,1.65 75,0.85 76,0.88<0.85-0.88> 77,0.58<0.57-0.58> 78,0.72<0.65-0.72>
79,0.67<0.65-0.72> 80,1.08<1.08-1.21> 81,1.74<1.67-1.74> 82,1.20<1.20-1.65>
83,0.48 84,2.23<2.23-2.56> 85,2.53<2.53-2.91> 86,1.20<1.20-1.42> 87,2.56 88<N =
3> 90<Known from only three specimens, one taken at P\u333?hakuloa, one at
K\u299?lauea, and one in Ka\u699?\u363?, but last collected in 2023> 92<Only a
handful of other Hawaiian species have such unusual microsculpture, and in these
it is even across the dorsum of the head; mixed sculpting is found only in a few
undescribed Australian species, which differ significantly (\i{}S. panoa\i0{} n.
sp. also has mixed microsculpture but it is the usual coriaceous type). The
paratype from P\u333?hakuloa has the clypeus slightly more protruding, but the
overall structure matches including the distinctive frons sculpture. They appear
to represent the extremes of the typical range of variation. The specimen from
Kap\u257?pala has the ocellar triangle much narrower (OOL/WOT 1.65), mandible
reddish, and fore femur mostly yellow, and may represent a separate species; it
is not designated as a paratype>

# \i{}Sierola oneone\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells,
easily recognized by the moderately broad, reddish brown mandible; clypeus
short, very broadly rounded apically, and steeply curved in profile; and vertex
straight in dorsal view, not notched. Closest to \i{}S. suttoniae\i0{} Fullaway
of O\u699?ahu, separated by having the mandible not twisted and head not so
strongly convex ventrally> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}oneone\i0{}, sandy or gritty,
referring to the extremely dull and coarse sculpture of the frons> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 3-4, GRU 0521-002, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus,
BPBM Type 18118> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,5 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,2
22,3 23,1 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,3 42,1
44,1 46,3 47,2 48,1 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,2 65,2 66,3 67,5 69,2 70,2
71,1 74,1.76 75,0.84 76,0.85 77,0.56 78,0.95 79,0.76 80,1.25 81,1.64 82,1.65
83,0.44 84,2.14 85,2.55 86,1.33 87,2.89 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected in wet forest in Kohala>

# \i{}Sierola opakapaka\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a large complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal
carina, densely setose basal wing cells, and lateral ocelli distinctly separate
from the vertex crest. Immediately distinguished by the distinct coriaceous
sculpture of the metasomal terga. Closest to \i{}S. fuscipennis\i0{} in having
the frons granular and closely punctate, additionally differing in the elongate
vertex and gena setae and longer A3. The head is also deep but OOL/WOT low
(~1.30), a combination only found among related species in \i{}S. compacta\i0{},
which has the mandible narrow. The only other Hawai\u699?i species with the
metasoma strongly sculpted are the species pair \i{}S. monticola\i0{} and \i{}S.
nigrans\i0{}, both of which have the head much more compressed> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}\u699?\u333?pakapaka\i0{}, rough or wrinkled, referring to the
unusual sculpture of the metasoma> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?puka Puaulu, 1140 m [sic], 24 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 18119>
8,1 10,4 11,4-2 12,2 13,1 14,4 15,4 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,2
25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,4 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 41,2 42,4 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,2 53,2 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,12 61,13 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,25 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
72,1 74,2.41 75,1.10 76,0.93 77,0.63 78,0.73 79,0.63 80,1.16 81,1.75 82,1.28
83,0.44 84,2.07 85,2.31 86,1.50 87,3.03 90<Known only from the holotype,
collected near K\u299?lauea in 1966> 92<The elevation on the holotype label is
incorrect \endash{} no part of K\u299?puka Puaulu is under 1190 m>

# \i{}Sierola osborni\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola osborni\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:91> 3<Belonging to the
species group with broad, more or less parallel-sided mandible and a sharp
clypeal carina. Close to \i{}S. carinata\i0{} Fullaway in having the clypeus
strongly rounded and recurved apically in profile, separated by having the head
broader and usually shorter behind the eyes (WH 0.91-0.94, EV/HE 0.85-0.98), and
basal wing cells less densely setose. Very similar to \i{}S. bridwelli\i0{}
Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, which has the head broader and ocellar triangle more
acute like \i{}S. osborni\i0{} but OOL/WOT well in the range of \i{}S.
carinata\i0{}. The metasoma is almost always faintly microreticulate all over in
\i{}S. osborni\i0{}, but shining in \i{}S. bridwelli\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea, 12 May 1913, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 38> 6<Material
examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1906, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Nauhi Gulch, 5000-6000' [1520-1830 m], \i{}Coprosma\i0{}, 29 Sep 1931, O.H.
Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki Rim Trail, 3800' [1160
m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Forest Reserve IBP
study site, 1586 m, Malaise Trap {}#2, WAS {}#71-101, 28 Jun-5 Jul 1971, [no
collector], BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Thurston, 1175 m,
fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, GRU scratch, 23 Oct 1996, D.S. Gruner &
D.A. Polhemus, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka \u699?\u256?inahou, Pu\u699?u
\u699?\u332?\u699?\u333? Trail, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest, 26 Oct 1996, M.J. &
C.A. Tauber, BPBM. 1\u9792?, So. Hilo Dist., K\u299?puka nr. Mawae (K\u299?puka
{}#14), Saddle Rd., 5000' [1520 m], 11 May 1997, M.J. & C.A. Tauber, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, Blair rd., 1200 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, GRU scratch, 3-5 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A.
Polhemus, BPBM. 4\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 4 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner (specimens: A3A-5, GRU
4262-002; A5-1, GRU 4290-002; A3A-6, GRU 4272-001; A2A-1, GRU 4224-001), BPBM.
1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, B2-5, GRU 5133-002, 6 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1200 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
7-4, GRU 1085-004, 7 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 5-1, GRU
0589-009, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 6
Nov 1997, D.S. Gruner (specimens: B2-5, GRU 5133-003; B2-6, GRU 5065-002), BPBM.
1\u9792?, Volcano Dump, yellow sticky card, site {}#1, card A, 27 Jun 2003,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 31, 1767 m, 19.6334\u176?N
155.3694\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K31-C-M1, lot HI-0582, 8 Apr
2009, D. Leopold, UMD. 2\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 9, 1710 m,
19.6678\u176?N 155.3693\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K9-C-M, lot
HI-1417, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, UMD. 1\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 9, 1710 m, 19.6678\u176?N 155.3693\u176?W, canopy
Malaise trap, collection K9-C-M, lot HI-1428, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E.
Parissenti, UMD. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 26, 1742 m,
19.6404\u176?N 155.3610\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K26-E-M, lot
HI-1811, 10 Aug 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, UMD. 1\u9792?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 25, 1721 m, 19.6489\u176?N 155.3625\u176?W, canopy
Malaise trap, collection K25-E-M, lot HI-1687, 9 Sep 2009, D. Leopold, UMD.
2\u9792?, K\u299?p\u257?hoehoe mid k\u299?puka, 1410 m, 19.2480\u176?N
155.8166\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, H22062701-02, 11 May\endash{}27 Jun 2022,
K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,3 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2
42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,3<sometimes very faint, rarely
absent> 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,2 69,2 70,1 71,6/2 74,2.52 75,1.19
76,0.92<0.91-0.94> 77,0.59<0.57-0.59> 78,0.85<0.85-0.98> 79,0.59<0.57-0.69>
80,1.45<1.40-1.51> 81,1.57<1.56-1.60> 82,1.78<1.59-1.88> 83,0.38
84,2.31<2.31-2.47> 85,2.62<2.50-2.80> 86,1.06<1.06-1.23> 88<N = 6> 90<Uncommon
but widely distributed across the windward side of the island in wet forest; not
known from Kona or Ka\u699?\u363?> 92<This species seems to be unusually
variable in the microsculpture of the metasoma. it is distinct in the holotype
and some other specimens, but very faint in others and completely polished in
one. Also see comments under \i{}S. carinata\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola pakua\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with a sharp, evenly curved clypeal carina
and dense setation of the basal wing cells. Easily distinguished from similar
species by the moderately narrow mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally.
In addition, the lateral ocelli are nearly touching the vertex crest, frons
microsculpture is coriaceous, and the head moderately deep and broad (WH/LH
0.82\endash{}0.87, DH/LH 0.54\endash{}0.57). Very similar to \i{}S.
larifuga\i0{}, separated by lacking the line of distinct tesselate
microsculpture behind the eye, frons microsculpture coriaceous rather than
strongly granular, and apparently always having the femora all dark; also the
ocellar triangle is usually smaller and the fore femur narrower (OOL/WOT
1.20-1.47 and FL/FW 2.04-2.33, compared to 1.10-1.23 and 1.73-2.00 respectively
in \i{}S. larifuga\i0{})> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}p\u257?k\u363?\u257?\i0{},
commonplace or ordinary, referring to the similarity to other species and lack
of particularly distinguishing characters> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
25-D, GRU 7584-001, 3 May 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM Type 18120> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], dry forest, 6 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kaiwiki, 22 Sep 1918, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kona, 27 Jul
1921, O.H. Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Honoka\u699?a, 2500' [ m], 25
May 1922, F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka Puaulu,
\i{}Zanthoxylum\i0{}, 12 Oct 1929, R.R. Whitten, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
\u699?\u256?lo\u699?i Crater, nr. Chain of Craters Rd., 3000' [900 m], 23 Jun
1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Hual\u257?lai, 900-1200 m, 27-28
Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300' [1300 m],
D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 19 Jul 1971, J. Leeper, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
A6-2, GRU 4344-002, 5 Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park, 1200 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 7 Oct 1997, D.S.
Gruner & D.A. Polhemus (specimens: 6-1, GRU 1136-009; 8-4, GRU 1016-003), BPBM.
1\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
2-1, GRU 0463-003, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa Training Area, K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257? pan trap, OUA2 CBY,
11 May 2000, P. Oboyski et al., USNM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest
Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 16-B, GRU 7415-001, 17
Apr 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kahuku Ranch, yellow sticky card, site
{}#5K-9, card MM, 23 Feb 2007, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR,
k\u299?puka 38, 1731 m, 19.6363\u176?N 155.3609\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap,
collection K38-C-M1, lot HI-0646, 9 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, USNM.\par{}Additional
material: 21\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, various k\u299?puka,
1495\endash{}1789 m, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, 7 Jul
2009\endash{}13 May 2013, D. Leopold, B. Hwang, E.E. Wilson, P. LoCicero & C.
Morrison, UMD> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2/3 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3
41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,9
68,3 69,3 70,1 71,1 74,1.73 75,0.80 76,0.85<0.82-0.87> 77,0.55<0.54-0.57>
78,0.76<0.67-0.86> 79,0.67<0.60-0.76> 80,1.14<1.03-1.23> 81,1.69<1.63-1.78>
82,1.25<1.20-1.47> 83,0.35 84,2.15<2.04-2.33> 85,2.37<2.00-2.37>
86,1.00<0.74-1.00> 87,3.07 88<N = 10> 90<Widespread and uncommon, mainly in
mesic forest but sometimes in wet forest> 92<With experience this species is
relatively easily distinguished by the ventrally concave mandible, but more
objective characters will be more reliable>

# \i{}Sierola panoa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily distinguished among species with a sharp clypeal carina by the
heterogeneous sculpture of the frons (dull between the eyes, smoother and
somewhat shining above) which obscures the punctation. The mandible is twisted
and the basal wing cells sparsely setose. Very similar in general appearance to
\i{}S. curvignatha\i0{}, but the clypeal carina is sharp and basal wing cells
sparsely setose> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}panoa\i0{}, dry or arid, referring to
the distribution of this species on the dry leeward side> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Mile post 18 along Hawai\u699?i Belt Rd. nr. Pu\u699?u Anahulu,
2150' [660 m], yellow sticky board trap, 20 Oct\endash{}3 Nov 1995, W.D.
Perreira, BPBM Type 18121> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, same data as holotype, BPBM.
P\u333?hakuloa Training Area, K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257? pan trap, P. Oboyski
et al.: 1\u9792?, OUYB Chal 05 JEH, 9 Mar 2000; 1\u9792?, NUA2 CBW, 11 May 2000;
1\u9792?, OUA3 CBY, 12 Oct 2000; 1\u9792?, OUA1 CBG, 9 Feb 2001; 2\u9792?, OUA3
CBY, 9 Feb 2001, all BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa Training Area, K\u299?puka
\u699?Alal\u257? Malaise, OUA3, 19 May 2000, P. Oboyski et al., USNM> 8,1 10,4
11,4 12,2/3 13,2 14,14 15,2 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,2 23,12 24,1 25,6
26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 34,3 35,2 36,2 37,1 39,3 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,3
50,1 51,2 52,5 53,4 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,15 66,1-3 67,7 68,5
69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,1.77 75,0.92 76,0.75<0.73-0.78> 77,0.51<0.50-0.53>
78,0.97<0.91-1.02> 79,0.87<0.81-0.93> 80,1.12<1.08-1.16> 81,1.74<1.69-1.75>
82,1.60<1.46-1.69> 83,0.37 84,2.29<2.23-2.38> 85,2.75<2.62-2.92>
86,1.40<1.29-1.57> 87,2.88 88<N = 10> 90<Known from two series, from lowland
North Kona and P\u333?hakuloa>

# \i{}Sierola papalina\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Very distinctive among the Hawai\u699?i species: clypeus elongate trapezoidal,
dorsally with a sharp carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Similar to
\i{}S. winiwini\i0{} n. sp. in general appearance, including the prominent
clypeus, but the head is deeper and wider, mandible broader, and the clypeus is
thicker in profile with a distinct carina> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}pap\u257?lina\i0{}, cheek, referring to the strongly convex gena> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM Type 18122> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul
1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, on \i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, 17
Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,1 10,18 11,4-5 12,2 13,4<narrowly recurved at apex>
14,10 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2
30,3-2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,2 41,3 42,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 53,2 54,3
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,7 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.95
75,1.01 76,0.85 77,0.55 78,0.74 79,0.60 80,1.24 81,1.70 82,1.70 83,0.39 84,1.91
85,2.29 86,1.17 87,3.06 90<Restricted to the
P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula region in dry to dry-mesic forest. Known
from only four specimens, last collected in 1966>

# \i{}Sierola papio\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a small complex of species with the clypeus flat dorsally and evenly
sloping in profile. Overall most similar to \i{}S. angustata\i0{} Fullaway,
separated by the black mandible with a large ventral tooth. The latter character
is shared with \i{}S. graciloides\i0{} n. sp., which differs in having the head
broader and deeper, basal wing cells more densely setose, and legs all yellow.
Easily distinguished from both by having the head flat dorsally in lateral view>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}p\u257?pio\i0{}, pressed down or flattened, referring to
the resemblance of this species to \i{}S. angustata\i0{} with the head and
pronotum flattened> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kealakekua Ranch, 3400'
[1040 m], beating \i{}Pisonia brunoniana\i0{}, 16 Mar 2012, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM
Type 18123> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,5 13,4 14,11 15,3 16,3 17,4 18,1 19,3 20,2 21,3
22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,2 28,3 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,2 41,2
42,3 44,2 45,2 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,2 63,1
65,1 66,15 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,6 72,2 74,1.79 75,0.85 76,0.76 77,0.49 78,0.84
79,0.86 80,0.98 81,1.85 82,1.30 83,0.37 84,1.92 85,2.29 86,1.20 87,2.89 90<Known
only from the holotype, collected in wet-mesic forest in Kona>

# \i{}Sierola perkinsi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola perkinsi\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:151> 3<Belonging to the
large group of species with the basal wing cells densely setose, clypeus
carinate and evenly curved, mandible narrow and parallel-sided to slightly
concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest.
Separated from other species on Hawai\u699?i by the relatively smooth
microsculpture of the frons, and usually broad fore femur (FL/FW
1.79\endash{}1.97). The head and femur dimensions narrowly overlap with \i{}S.
pakua\i0{} n. sp. (which may also have somewhat shining microsculpture) but the
mandible is not strongly concave ventrally as in that species. Also similar to
the introduced \i{}S. larifuga\i0{}, which has the frons distinctly dull and a
line of tesselate microsculpture laterally between the eye and vertex. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. anemophila\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, distinguished only
by having the antenna slightly shorter, A3 about as long as wide (L/W
0.9\endash{}1.1; slightly but distinctly longer than wide in \i{}S.
anemophila\i0{}, L/W ~1.2)> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea,
4000' [1220 m], dry forest, 11 Jan 1917, W.M. Giffard & F. Muir, BPBM Type 157>
6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 686, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins,
USNM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 21.7 [date?], R.C.L. Perkins,
USNM. 1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 6300' [1920 m], 1 Aug 1929, F.X. Williams, BPBM.
2\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 7 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kahuku Ranch, yellow sticky card, site {}#5K-9, card MM, 23 Feb
2007, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1
22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3-4 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 41,2
42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,2
69,2 70,2 71,1 74,2.03 75,1.01 76,0.87<0.86-0.92> 77,0.57<0.57-0.60>
78,0.64<0.60-0.64> 79,0.58<0.53-.058> 80,1.09<1.04-1.19> 81,1.71<1.64-1.79>
82,1.23<1.17-1.37> 83,0.39 84,1.79<1.79-1.97> 85,2.15<2.15-2.43>
86,1.00<0.94-1.13> 88<N = 5> 90<Rare but widespread in dry forest. Known from
seven specimens, but recently collected> 92<The collection date of the holotype
was incorrectly written by Fullaway as 1 Nov (apparently read as 11.1.17 rather
than 11.I.17 as Giffard always wrote); the date of the \i{}S. notabilis\i0{}
paratype taken with it was recorded correctly>

# \i{}Sierola pikale\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A distinctive species: the combination of head flat dorsally, clypeus with a
sharp dorsal carina, and mandible moderately broad and distinctly concave
ventrally separates it from all on Hawai\u699?i except \i{}S. kikanu\i0{} n.
sp., from which it is immediately distinguished by the sparsely setose basal
wing cells. The mandible is also strongly convex outwardly almost from the base,
which makes it easily recognizable. Most similar to \i{}S. koa\i0{} Fullaway of
O\u699?ahu, which has the mandible more sharply constricted at the base> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}p\u299?kale\i0{}, sticky like the residue on a poi pounding
board, referring to the collection of all the known specimens on yellow sticky
board traps> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: \u699?\u256?inahou Ranch,
yellow sticky card, site {}#3, card C, 21 Jun 2007, BPBM Type 18124>
6<Paratypes: 2\u9792?, same data as holotype, BPBM> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3
14,5<slightly narrowed apically> 15,4 16,3 17,4 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8
24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,3 42,2 44,1
46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,2
71,2 72,1 74,2.69 75,1.34 76,0.82<0.80-0.83> 77,0.55 78,0.97<0.97-1.01>
79,0.78<0.78-0.82> 80,1.24<1.23-1.24> 81,1.62<1.62-1.66> 82,1.94<1.81-1.94>
83,0.38 84,2.00<2.00-2.13> 85,2.41<2.34-2.42> 86,1.23<1.23-1.28> 87,2.78 88<N =
3> 90<Rare, known only from three specimens collected in mid-elevation dry
forest on the south flank of K\u299?lauea> 92<All the specimens were retrieved
from old yellow sticky card traps, and are in rather poor condition. However, it
is a very distinctive species among the fauna of Hawai\u699?i island, most
closely resembling \i{}S. koa\i0{} of O\u699?ahu>

# \i{}Sierola pili\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the flat, spatulate, somewhat bulbous clypeus. The head
is large, convex above and flat below, vertex distinctly angulate, and mandible
with a single large ventral tooth and the other teeth small. Nearly identical to
\i{}S. ihupehu\i0{}, differing in the shape of the head and curvature of the
clypeus: head narrower (WH/LH 0.75\endash{}0.78) and less convex dorsally;
vertex mostly straight in dorsal view, narrowly and shallowly concave behind the
ocelli; clypeus evenly curved with front of head; and apex of clypeus usually
narrowly transverse> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}pili\i0{}, close together or
mimicking, from the close similarity of this species to \i{}S. ihupehu\i0{} n.
sp. and their sympatric distribution> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea 29 miles, 19 Nov 1913, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 18125> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 5 Aug 1892, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 3\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380221, 013380222, 013380248.
\par{}Additional material: 1\u9792?, \ldblquote{}Honolulu,\rdblquote{} Nov 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380223 [mislabelled?]> 8,1 10,7 11,6<rarely broadly
truncate> 12,5 13,4 14,3 15,3 16,2 17,7 18,1 19,3 20,7 21,4 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4
26,9 28,3 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,3 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,7 39,3 41,5 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,2
48,2 50,2 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,4 61,2 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1
74,2.44 75,1.20 76,0.76<0.75-0.78> 77,0.53<0.53-0.54> 78,1.08<1.08-1.19>
79,0.81<0.81-0.91> 80,1.34<1.23-1.39> 81,1.66<1.63-1.68> 82,1.65<1.65-2.03>
83,0.43 84,2.05<1.78-2.08> 85,2.61<2.34-2.70> 86,1.58<1.35-1.58> 87,3.30 88<N =
6> 90<Rare, only definitely known from five specimens, all but one from
K\u299?lauea. Last collected in 1913> 92<One specimen from NHMUK is labelled as
being from Honolulu, O\lquote{}ahu; it is almost certainly mislabelled, as there
are three other specimens from Hawai\lquote{}i with it and nothing similar been
found on O\lquote{}ahu despite much more intensive collecting there. The
specimen from Hual\u257?lai has the clypeal apex broadly transverse, more like
\i{}S. ihupehu\i0{}, but otherwise matches \i{}S. pili\i0{}. The wide variance
in OOL/WOT is largely due to variation in the width of the ocellar triangle>

# \i{}Sierola pohaku\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Forming a species complex with \i{}S. mamua\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. rocki\i0{}
Fullaway, united by having the head broad and ventrally strongly convex or
angulately produced, frons smooth and shining, clypeus lacking a carina and
evenly curved in profile, basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose, and
mandible yellow to reddish brown. Distinguished from the other two species by
the nearly glabrous basal wing cells, flat clypeus, yellow mandible which is
parallel-sided, and head only moderately convex both dorsally and ventrally>
4<From the Hawaiian \i{}p\u333?haku\i0{}, rock or stone. This was the nickname
of Joseph Rock, for whom the closely related \i{}S. rocki\i0{} was named>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: S. Kona, \i{}Straussia\i0{} [=
\i{}Psychotria\i0{}], 8 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM Type 18126> 6<Paratype:
1\u9792\'3f, S. Kona, \i{}Wikstroemia\i0{}, 8 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM> 8,1
10,4 11,4 12,5 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,3
28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,3 42,4 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2
52,1 53,4 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,4 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,3
74,1.68 75,0.79 76,0.92 77,0.58 78,0.78 79,0.57 80,1.38 81,1.64 82,1.17 83,0.50
84,2.17 85,2.32 86,1.23 87,3.20 90<Known only from two specimens, taken on the
same day in 1919>

# \i{}Sierola pokii\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging in the group of species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina,
strong, conspicuous vertex and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Separated
from \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{} and \i{}S. eucrena\i0{} by having the lateral ocelli
nearly touching the vertex crest, and from \i{}S. indecora\i0{} by OOL/WOT
greater than 1.20 and having the metasoma mostly polished dorsally and in at
least some areas ventrally. Closest to \i{}S. kilauea\i0{} and \i{}S.
scoriacea\i0{}, distinguished by the slightly concave vertex crest and clypeus
triangular, more elongate and apically evenly curved in profile; additionally
separated from the former by the broad femora (FL/FW 1.85\endash{}2.00, HFL/HFW
2.25\endash{}2.50)> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}p\u333?ki\u699?i\i0{}, younger
sibling or cousin, referring to the close relationship of this species to \i{}S.
kilauea\i0{} and \i{}S. scoriacea\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], Collection of W.M. Giffard, Aug 1896, A. Koebele,
BPBM Type 18127> 8,1 10,1 11,2 12,1 13,15 14,12 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,2 23,7 24,3 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3
41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,9 61,2 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,7
68,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,2.18 75,1.08 76,0.80 77,0.55 78,0.73 79,0.65 80,1.13
81,0.66 82,1.38 83,0.43 84,1.86 85,2.29 86,1.43 87,2.66 90<Rare, known only from
two specimens taken at K\u299?lauea in 1896> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
scoriacea\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola pololei\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<A relatively distinct species, with the posterior corners of the head strongly
rounded in dorsal view, sharp clypeal carina, relatively deep head (DH/LH
0.59-0.63), and mandible yellow and narrow. Despite keying out in multiple
places and with complex character combinations, it is easily recognized by the
general appearance of the head, particularly the very weakly convex dorsum and
distinct genal angle ventrally. The only other Hawai\u699?i species with
sparsely setose basal wing cells and the mandible yellow, \i{}S. nukupio\i0{} n.
sp. and certain specimens included under \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{} Fullaway, have
the head more strongly convex dorsally and evenly convex ventrally. Similar to
\i{}S. tenebriosa\i0{} of O\u699?ahu, differing in having the basal wing cells
sparsely setose except at the apex of cell R, and frons finely microreticulate
rather than dull and granular. Nearly identical to \i{}S. croceipes\i0{},
separated by the closed cell 2R1 of the fore wing> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}pololei\i0{}, correct, referring to this species having cell 2R1 fully
closed as normal for \i{}Sierola\i0{}, compared to the open cell of the similar
\i{}S. croceipes\i0{}> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kealakekua Ranch,
3,400 ft [1,040 m], 19.5040\u176?N 155.8624\u176?W, beating \i{}Pisonia
brunoniana\i0{}, 16 Mar 2012, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 18128> 6<Paratypes:
3\u9792?, Kohala Mts., 24 May 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, S. Kona, 8 Aug
1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. Upper H\u257?m\u257?kua Ditch Trail, O.H. Swezey, BPBM:
1\u9792?, \i{}Lobelia\i0{}, 3 Sep 1919; 1\u9792?, 5 Sep 1919; 1\u9792?,
\i{}Clermontia\i0{}, 30 Jul 1921; 1\u9792?, 1 Oct 1929; 1\u9794?, Pipturus, 1
Oct 1929; 1\u9792?, \i{}Gouldia\i0{} [=\i{}Kadua\i0{}]. 2\u9792? 2\u9794?, Nauhi
Gulch, 5000-6000' [1520-1830 m], \i{}Cheirodendron\i0{}, 30 Sep 1931, O.H.
Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Nauhi Gulch, 5000-6000'
[1520-1830 m], 2 Oct 1931, O.H. Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mt.
Hual\u257?lai, 4000' [1220 m], Capt. Cook above, 12 May 1959, C.M. Yoshimoto,
BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?puka N. side Hual\u257?lai, 5300' [1620 m], 14 Jul 1965,
D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Hual\u257?lai, 900-1200 m, 27-28 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mt. Hual\u257?lai, 2500' [760 m], 28 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hual\u257?lai, 6 Jul 1967, JAT, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve, 1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 6
Jun 1997, D.S. Gruner (specimens: B2-1, GRU 5075-002; B3-3, GRU 5187-002), BPBM.
3\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 12
Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus (specimens: 1-2, GRU 0454-010; 5-1, GRU
0589-008; 7-2, GRU 0652-011), BPBM. 1\u9792?, Laup\u257?hoehoe Forest Reserve,
1219 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, B4-1, GRU 5214-002, 6 Nov 1997,
D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 6, 1,638 m,
19.6697\u176?N 155.3583\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K6-C-M, lot
HI-1449, 20 Jul 2009, J. Riley & E. Parissenti, USNM. 4\u9792?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 4950' [1510 m], 19.7316\u176?N 155.8944\u176?W, sweeping, 4
Aug 2009, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Kealakekua Ranch, 3400' [1040 m],
19.5040\u176?N 155.8624\u176?W, beating \i{}Pisonia brunoniana\i0{}, 16 Mar
2012, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u257?p\u257? mid road, 1230 m,
19.2118\u176?N 155.8169\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, H22080401-04, 1
Jul\endash{}4 Aug 2022, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Kukuiopa\u699?e upper,
1400 m, 19.3047\u176?N 155.8196\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, H22102501-17, 11
Aug\endash{}25 Oct 2022, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,4-3
31,2 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 39,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,2 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,5/15 69,3 70,1 71,5 72,1 74,1.96 75,0.85
76,0.87<0.84-0.90> 77,0.61<0.59-0.63> 78,0.82<0.73-0.87> 79,0.74<0.64-0.78>
80,1.11<1.03-1.19> 81,1.76<1.65-1.85> 82,1.35<1.24-1.44> 83,0.38
84,2.13<1.92-2.14> 85,2.45<2.23-2.60> 86,1.20<1.00-1.30> 87,3.47 88<N = 17>
90<Common and widespread on the north and west sides of the island in wet to
mesic forest; notably absent from the K\u299?lauea\endash{}Ka\u699?\u363?
region. It sometimes occurs in large numbers, particularly when sweeping ferns
in the vicinity of \i{}Clermontia\i0{} trees> 92<I am somewhat reluctantly
describing this species despite its near-identity with \i{}S. croceipes\i0{}
based primarily on the open cell 2R1 in that species. This trait is common among
the Australian \i{}Sierola\i0{} and also found in a few species from O\u699?ahu
(Magnacca, 2020), but intraspecific variation has not been seen anywhere. WH/LH,
FW/FL, and A3 L/W for the available \i{}S. croceipes\i0{} are also on or
slightly outside the range of variation seen in a large series of specimens
considered as \i{}S. pololei\i0{}. One specimen has the prothorax yellow>

# \i{}Sierola puaa\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Immediately recognizable by the strongly convex clypeus, which is covered with
conspicuous setae> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}pua\u699?a\i0{}, pig, referring to
the unusual setose, rounded clypeus resembling a pig's snout> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM Type 18129> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 7
Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 2\u9792? 1\u9794?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 2 May
1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 3\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, C.M. Yoshimoto,
BPBM> 8,1 10,4<rather large> 11,3 12,4<conspicuously covered with short setae
all over> 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,1
28,1 29,2 30,4 31,2 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,1 39,3 41,3 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,3 51,1 52,6 53,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3-4 67,7 68,4 69,1
70,1 71,2 74,1.95 75,0.98 76,0.88 77,0.59 78,0.69 79,0.59 80,1.17 81,1.71
82,1.34 83,0.39 84,1.86 85,2.45 86,1.48 87,2.74 90<Known from about 10 specimens
from the P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region; last collected in
1966> 92<The strongly setose clypeus appears to be unique to this species, and
makes it easily recognizable>

# \i{}Sierola puakii\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Separated from most other species by the small size, clypeus with a sharp
carina and somewhat rounded in profile, basal wing cells sparsely setose to
intermediate, and head narrow and elongate behind the eyes. Closest to \i{}S.
iki\i0{} n. sp., distinguished by having the vertex slightly but distinctly
concave in dorsal view, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest,
and head narrower, WH/LH ~0.73 vs. 0.79\endash{}0.81. Both are also similar to
\i{}S. maiki\i0{} n. sp., which has the head shorter behind the eyes and the
posterior corners strongly rounded> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}puaki\u699?i\i0{},
skinny, referring to the slender body and head of this species> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kona, 4000' [1220 m], 10 Aug 1892, R.C.L. Perkins,
NHMUK 013380225> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,1 22,3 23,9<slightly closer near antennae> 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1
33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,1 44,5 46,2 47,2 48,3 50,1 52,1 53,2 56,3
57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,2/6 72,1 74,1.89
75,0.88 76,0.73 77,0.54 78,0.95 79,0.88 80,1.09 81,1.61 82,1.71 83,0.37 84,2.19
85,2.43 86,1.30 87,3.33 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in Kona in
1892>

# \i{}Sierola puupehu\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the clypeus with a broad, rounded ridge, densely setose
basal wing cells, and ocellar triangle right to obtuse with the lateral ocelli
nearly touching the vertex crest. The posterior head is unusual, with the vertex
rounding evenly to the occiput in lateral view rather than forming an angle.
Superficially similar to \i{}S. ihunana\i0{} n. sp., but differing substantially
in the form of the mandible (reddish brown and twisted with the ventral tooth
largest) and shape of the head, which is less convex dorsally but more so
ventrally, with dense ventral setation, and deeper. The clypeus is also less
highly arched in profile. Nearly identical to \i{}S. haleiki\i0{} n. sp.,
separated by having the head shorter behind the eyes, deeper, and more strongly
convex ventrally, overall giving a considerably different appearance> 4<From the
Hawaiian \i{}pu\u699?u\i0{}, throat or protuberance, + \i{}pehu\i0{}, swollen,
referring to the strongly convex ventral head> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: K\u299?p\u257?hoehoe mid k\u299?puka, 1410 m, 19.2480\u176?N
155.8166\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, 11 May\endash{}27 Jun 2022, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM Type 18131> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,8 13,2<somewhat low and elongate> 14,13 15,3
16,4 17,3 18,2 19,2 20,7 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 53,2 56,3 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,1 63,1 65,10 66,3 67,7 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.65 75,0.80 76,0.89
77,0.64 78,0.64 79,0.63 80,1.03 81,1.80 82,1.17 83,0.39 84,2.07 85,2.25 86,1.00
87,2.83 90<Known only from the holotype, collected in Kona in 2022> 92<See
comments under \i{}S. haleiki\i0{} n. sp>

# \i{}Sierola puuwaawaa\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola puuwaawaa\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:128\par{}\i{}Sierola quadriceps\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:138 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}\par{}\i{}Sierola vulcana\i0{} Fullaway,
1920:133 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Part of a complex of species with a sharp, evenly
curved clypeal carina, broad head, long third antennal segment, and sparsely
setose to glabrous basal wing cells. Very similar to \i{}S. nukupio\i0{} n. sp.,
differing in having the basal wing cells sparsely setose with a complete row of
setae. Also close to \i{}S. koolau\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. mawaena\i0{} n. sp.,
separated by the metasoma mostly polished and vertex not indented between the
ocelli. Typically the mandible is black and clypeus not so prominent, but these
characters vary. Close to \i{}S. similis\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu,
distinguished by having the head less convex above and below with the posterior
corners strongly rounded, frons setae shorter, and lateral ocelli nearly
touching the vertex crest> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola puuwaawaa\i0{}.
Hawai\u699?i: Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700\endash{}3800'
[1130\endash{}1160 m], type numbered 14, 24 Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
111.\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola quadriceps\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i:
Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700' [1130 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
131.\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola vulcana\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], at lumber camp, 19 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM
Type 121> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins,
NHMUK 013380204 [right specimen on card]. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380253. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1906, R.C.L.
Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, woods above McC.[andless] & D.[illingham] ranch, 7000'
[2130 m], 1921, G.P. Wilder, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, K\u299?puka Puaulu,
ex \i{}Suttonia\i0{} [= \i{}Myrsine\i0{}], 28 Jun 1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Kahuku Ranch, 3000' [900 m], Jul 1953, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
P\u333?hakuloa, 10 Feb 1962, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka
K\u299?, [Hawaii Volcanoes] National Park, 29 Jan 1963, D.E. Hardy, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Ahumoa crater, 6500' [1980 m], 21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Hual\u257?lai, 900\endash{}1200 m, 27\endash{}28 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Rd. at IBP study site, 5400'
[1650 m], Pyrethrum sample {}#WCG 71-36 of \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 8 Jul 1971, W.C.
Gagn\u233?, BPBM. 29\u9792?, Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300\endash{}6600'
[1300\endash{}2010 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 19 Jul
1971\endash{}16 May 1974, J.W. Beardsley & J. Leeper, BPBM> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,2
13,2<rarely slightly recurved> 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2
23,1 24,1 25,1-2<rarely finely microreticulate> 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,2
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1<clypeus sometimes tinged with yellow> 65,1 66,1<rarely yellow> 67,5/7
68,1/4 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.10 75,1.00 76,0.92<0.88-0.98> 77,0.59<0.58-0.63>
78,0.63<0.51-0.73> 79,0.58<0.47-0.69> 80,1.08<1.02-1.15> 81,1.73<1.70-1.83>
82,1.17<1.09-1.27> 83,0.42 84,2.33<2.18-2.55> 85,2.48<2.34-2.86>
86,1.71<1.37-1.83> 88<N = 21> 90<Found widely around the island, primarily in
mesic to dry forest, especially at K\u299?lauea> 91<A large number of specimens
taken on \i{}Acacia koa\i0{} suggests that it attacks caterpillars feeding on
the seeds, such as \i{}Cydia\i0{} and/or \i{}Cryptophlebia\i0{}. It may also be
associated with \i{}Sophora chrysophylla\i0{} (which is fed on by related moths)
in dry areas> 92<This is an unusually variable taxon that may represent a
species complex or a set of host races or ecomorphs. Fullaway separated \i{}S.
puuwaawaa\i0{}, \i{}S. quadriceps\i0{}, and \i{}S. vulcana\i0{} based on the leg
color (dark in \i{}S. vulcana\i0{}), microsculpture (more shining in \i{}S.
vulcana\i0{}), and antennal length (shorter in \i{}S. quadriceps\i0{}). Some
specimens also have yellow mandibles. However, in examining a long series of
specimens it is clear that these characters do not co-vary, nor do any of them
correlate with any other differences. The holotype of \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{} is
closest to the mean in the range of variation for most characters, so I have
selected it to represent the taxon. Specimens with all dark legs, corresponding
to \i{}S. vulcana\i0{}, are all from dry areas, but no other characters unite
them; the microsculpture is as variable within the five dryland specimens as in
the rest. One series with yellow mandibles, the clypeus more strongly arched,
basal wing cells nearly glabrous, and generally narrower hind femora is
segregated as \i{}S. nukupio\i0{} n. sp.; it appears to inhabit wetter areas
than \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{}. Another series with shorter antennae and more setose
basal wing cells, also from wet forest, is separated as \i{}S. gruneri\i0{} n.
sp. A number of orphan specimens are present which appear to differ from \i{}S.
puuwaawaa\i0{} in having the antenna shorter, the fore femur broader, or other
minor characters, but they do not seem to exhibit enough of a consistent
morphotype in other characters to justify describing as a separate species,
especially in light of the considerable variation already seen. In contrast, the
other related species (including \i{}S. koolau\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S.
mawaena\i0{} n. sp.) are remarkably uniform structurally. It is possible that a
more extensive species complex is involved, represented by only a few specimens
of each, and this species will need to be split up in the future. However, at
present I do not see any further way it could be split up morphologically, and
no recent specimens are available to analyze genetically>

# \i{}Sierola rocki\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola rocki\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:81> 3<Forming a species
complex with \i{}S. pohaku\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. mamua\i0{} n. sp., united by
having the head broad and ventrally strongly convex or angulately produced,
frons smooth and shining, clypeus lacking a carina and evenly curved in profile,
basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose, and mandible yellow to reddish
brown. Distinguished from the other two species by the nearly glabrous basal
wing cells, convex clypeus without a trace of an angle or carina, yellow
mandible which is weakly concave ventrally, and head strongly convex dorsally
and angulately produced ventrally. Nearly identical to \i{}S. montana\i0{}
Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, differing only in the slightly broader mandible,
shallower postgenal depression, and longer setae of the head and pronotum>
5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: 29 miles, Hilo-Ka\u699?\u363? road, 12 May
1913, D.T. Fullaway, BPBM Type 20> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792? paratype, same
data as holotype, BPBM. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1906, R.C.L.
Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1200 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 7-1, GRU 1055-002, 7 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A.
Polhemus, BPBM. 1\u9794?, same data, 8-6, GRU 1153-004, 8 Oct 1997, BPBM> 8,1
10,4 11,4 12,4 13,2 14,10 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4
26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,6 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,1
53,3 55,1/2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,4 63,1 65,1 66,5 67,5 69,2 70,2 71,3 74,1.83
75,0.88 76,0.98 77,0.65 78,0.71 79,0.52 80,1.35 81,1.70 82,1.04 83,0.45 84,2.08
85,2.48 86,1.17 90<Known from five specimens, three from before 1915 and two
recent, all from the K\u299?lauea area>

# \i{}Sierola scoriacea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola scoriacea\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:101> 3<Belonging in the group of
species with a highly arched, thin clypeal carina, strong, conspicuous vertex
and gena setae, and densely punctate frons. Separated from \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{}
Fullaway and \i{}S. eucrena\i0{} Fullaway by having the lateral ocelli nearly
touching the vertex crest, and from \i{}S. indecora\i0{} Fullaway by OOL/WOT
greater than 1.20 and having the metasoma mostly polished dorsally and at least
some areas ventrally. Closest to \i{}S. kilauea\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S.
pokii\i0{} n. sp.; distinguished from the former by having the femora broad
(FL/FW 1.85\endash{}2.00, HFL/HFW 2.25\endash{}2.50), and from the latter by the
straight vertex crest and clypeus rounded triangular, highly arched and blunt in
profile> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Ka\u699?\u363?, 3600' [1100 m], on
\u699?a\u699?\u257? flows, 18 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 58> 6<Material
examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 9 Sep 1919, F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, K\u299?puka Puaulu, ex \i{}Xylosma\i0{}, 10 Jul 1934, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 26 Jun 1963, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Forest
No. of Pu\u699?u Kapu, 2800' [850 m], 24 Aug 1963, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. Kohala
Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, D.S. Gruner & D.A.
Polhemus: 1\u9792?, 1-2, GRU 0454-011, 12 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 3-2, GRU 0506-006,
12 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 6-3, GRU 0631-005, 12 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 9-3, GRU
0725-007, 14 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 10-3, GRU 0755-005, 14 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?,
11-1, GRU 0769-002, 14 Oct 1997; 1\u9792?, 11-2, GRU 0775-005, 14 Oct 1997,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#27, card E, 20
May 2003, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 49, 1695 m,
19.6728\u176?N 155.3696\u176?W, canopy Malaise trap, collection K49-C-M1, lot
HI-0136, 8 Apr 2009, D. Leopold, UMD1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka
31, 1782 m, 19.6335\u176?N 155.3695\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch
clipping, collection K31-TR3-2009, lot HI-1200, 7 Jul 2009, D. Leopold & B.
Hwang, UMD. 2\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 31, 1782 m,
19.6335\u176?N 155.3695\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection K31-TR1-2010, lot HI-2161, 14 Jul 2010, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, UMD.
2\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m],
19.7345\u176?N 155.8359\u176?W, 26 Jan 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 4\u9792?
3\u9794?, Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m],
19.7345\u176?N 155.8359\u176?W, beating \i{}Santalum\i0{}, 27 Jan 2012, K.N.
Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 14, 1620 m,
19.6652\u176?N 155.3484\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection 369, lot H.12.436, 1 May 2012, E.E. Wilson & D. Leopold, UMD.
1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 26, 1737 m, 19.6403\u176?N
155.3616\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, collection 387,
lot H.12.466, 8 May 2012, E.E. Wilson & D. Leopold, UMD. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u
Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N
155.8359\u176?W, on Santalum, 10 May 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC. 1\u9792?,
Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, West K\u299?leo, 4300' [1300 m], 19.7345\u176?N
155.8359\u176?W, beating Santalum, 14 Aug 2012, K.N. Magnacca, KNMC> 8,1 9,2
10,1 11,2 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,4 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1
26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2
49,3 53,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1
74,1.68 75,0.85 76,0.84<0.82-0.88> 77,0.58<0.55-0.58> 78,0.75<0.64-0.81>
79,0.62<0.55-0.70> 80,1.20<1.12-1.20> 81,1.58<1.58-1.70> 82,1.42<1.27-1.42>
83,0.39 84,1.97<1.88-1.97> 85,2.50<2.25-2.53> 86,1.16<1.06-1.34> 87,2.78 88<N =
11> 90<Widespread, apparently found mostly in drier sites than \i{}S.
kilauea\i0{}, the two sometimes found sympatrically> 92<The male allotype does
not match the female holotype; head shape and clypeus are very different.
Species delimitation in this complex (including \i{}S. ehrhorni\i0{}, \i{}S.
eucrena\i0{}, \i{}S. indecora\i0{}, \i{}S. kilauea\i0{}, and \i{}S. pokii\i0{}
n. sp.) is quite difficult and I expect future revisions to be made. For now, I
have largely retained the species described by Fullaway (1920), though with some
revisions to how they are distinguished. A more expansive definition might
include all these under one species, but that seems to be lumping too much
variation. Given what is seen on other islands, it seems more likely that there
are unrecognized cryptic species, some of which may be more distinct if
additional specimens were available. As with the \i{}S. puuwaawaa\i0{} species
complex, there are a number of specimens that cannot be assigned confidently to
a species. Two with the mandible and femora yellow may represent a distinct
species, but otherwise fit under \i{}S. scoriacea\i0{}. Two others from 1896 a
more elongate clypeus and triangular head like \i{}S. nigrans\i0{} are separated
out as \i{}S. pokii\i0{} n. sp.>

# \i{}Sierola sima\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola sima\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:76\par{}\i{}Sierola notabilis\i0{}
Fullaway, 1920:75 \b{}n. syn.\b0{}> 3<Belonging to the group of species with the
clypeus enlarged and weakly carinate or angulate dorsally. Separated from \i{}S.
aiwa\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. winiwini\i0{} n. sp. by the quadrate clypeus which
is truncate or slightly emarginate apically and almost evenly sloping in
profile, broad reddish-brown mandible, head long behind the eyes, lateral ocelli
separate from vertex crest by about their diameter, and sixth metasomal sternum
evenly covered with anterior-directed pilose setae, lacking a median glabrous
strip> 5<Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola sima\i0{}. Hawai\u699?i: K\u299?lauea,
4000' [1220 m], taken at the lumber camp, 19 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
9\par{}Holotype \u9792? of \i{}Sierola notabilis\i0{}. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], marked \ldblquote{}No. 7\rdblquote{}, 7 Jun 1908,
W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 8> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul
1895, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 691, Jul 1895, R.C.L.
Perkins, USNM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Sep 1895, R.C.L. Perkins, NHMUK 013380250 [left specimen on card].
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Jul 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 3\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
4000' [1220 m], Aug 1896, A. Koebele, BPBM. 15\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Aug 1896,
R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 656, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins,
USNM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 686, Aug 1896, R.C.L. Perkins, USNM. 2\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Jul 1906, R.C.L. Perkins, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000'
[1220 m], marked \ldblquote{}Box 4\rdblquote{}, May 1910, W.M. Giffard, BPBM
(paratype). 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka Puaulu, 28 Sep 1913, [no collector], BPBM.
1\u9792?, Pahala, 21 May 1915, [no collector], BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
4000' [1220 m], in the dry forest, marked \ldblquote{}No. 4\rdblquote{}, 11 Jan
1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratypes of \i{}S. notabilis\i0{}). 5\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea, Dodonaea, 27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 6\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Koa, 27 Jun 1917, O.H.
Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Kealakekua, 5000\endash{}5300' [1520\endash{}1620 m], on
\u699?\u333?hi\u699?a lehua, 19 Jul 1919, P.H. Timberlake, UCRC. 1\u9792?,
Kealakekua, 3500' [1070 m], on \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a lehua, 11 Aug 1919, P.H.
Timberlake, UCRC. 1\u9792?, S. Kona, 11 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Kealakekua, 3500' [1070 m], on \i{}Pisonia inermis\i0{} [= \i{}P.
brunoniana\i0{}], 16 Aug 1919, P.H. Timberlake, UCRC. 3\u9792?, Kealakekua,
3500' [1070 m], on \i{}Clermontia coerulea\i0{} [= \i{}C. clermontioides\i0{}],
16 Aug 1919, P.H. Timberlake, UCRC. 1\u9792?, S. Kona, 16 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, old crack, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Sep 1919, W.M.
Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, koa, 13 Sep 1925, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, \u699?\u332?hi\u699?a Lehua, 11 Oct 1929, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 10\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, K\u299?puka Puaulu, 26 Jun 1934, O.H. Swezey,
BPBM. 6\u9792?, same data, ex \i{}Osmanthus\i0{} [= \i{}Nestegis\i0{}], BPBM.
3\u9792?, same data, ex \i{}Suttonia\i0{} [= \i{}Myrsine\i0{}], 28 Jun 1934,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, ex \i{}Xylosma\i0{}, 28 Jun 1934, BPBM. 2\u9792?,
same data, ex \i{}Pipturus\i0{}, 5 Jul 1934, BPBM. 2\u9792?, same data, ex
\i{}Coprosma\i0{}, BPBM. 3\u9792?, same data, ex \i{}Osmanthus\i0{}, 10 Jul
1934, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, ex \i{}Xylosma\i0{}, BPBM. 7\u9792? 1\u9794?,
same data, ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 14 Jul 1934, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea,
Pu\u699?u \u699?\u332?\u699?\u333? trail, ex \i{}Clermontia\i0{}, 25 Jul 1934,
O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 15\u9792? 3\u9794?, K\u299?lauea, 4 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman,
BPBM. 3\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 24 Jun 1999, D.S. Gruner (specimens: 2-G, GRU 2623-001; 2-G,
GRU 2623-003; 2-G, GRU 2623-002), BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest
Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 32-G, GRU 3049-001, 29
Jul 1999, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280
m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 30 Jul 1999, D.S. Gruner (specimens:
26-G, GRU 3214-001; 26-GP, GRU 3219-001; 27-GP, GRU 3248-001), BPBM. 1\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
8-G, GRU 2760-002, 31 Oct 1999, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 5\u9792? 4\u9794?, Upper
Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 14
Dec 1999, D.S. Gruner (specimens: 17-GP, GRU 2991-001; 17-G, GRU 2995-004;
18-GP, GRU 3009-001; 18-G, GRU 3025-001; 18-G, GRU 3025-002; 19-G, GRU 3038-002;
19-G, GRU 3038-004; 19-GP, GRU 3059-002; 20-G, GRU 3086-001), BPBM. 3\u9792?,
Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{},
12 May 2000, D.S. Gruner (specimens: 21-P, GRU 3080-001; 22-G, GRU 3112-002;
22-P, GRU 3141-001), BPBM. 2\u9792? 1\u9794?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve,
1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 1 Jun 2000, D.S. Gruner
(specimens: 13-G, GRU 2878-001; 15-G, GRU 2916-001; 14-G, GRU 2901-002), BPBM.
1\u9794?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros.
polymorpha\i0{}, 13-B, GRU 7371-003, 3 May 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM> 8,1 10,8
11,5 12,3 13,4 14,4 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,2
28,1 29,3 30,2 31,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,5 53,3
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 61,6 63,1/2 65,1 66,3 67,4 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.76 75,0.92
76,0.78 77,0.53 78,1.17 79,0.86 80,1.36 81,1.63 82,2.00 83,0.42 84,2.33 85,2.70
86,1.00 90<Widespread around the island in wet to mesic forest; also collected
on scrub woodland on recent lava flows> 92<Synonym of \i{}S. notabilis\i0{}
Fullaway, the type of which does not have the vertex concave but is otherwise
identical. I have chosen \i{}S. sima\i0{} to represent the taxon because the
type of \i{}S. notabilis\i0{} has the mandibles removed and glued separately to
the point>

# \i{}Sierola sophorae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Part of a large complex of species with a sharp, curved to arched clypeal
carina, densely setose basal wing cells, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from
the vertex crest, and head deep (DH/LH ~0.59). Separated by having the frons
moderately punctate with coriaceous sculpture (not strongly dull and densely
punctate), and vertex and gena setae elongate. Closest to \i{}S. compacta\i0{}
Fullaway and \i{}S. levigata\i0{} Fullaway, distinguished by the combination of
head moderately narrow (WH/LH ~0.85), frons not extremely broad (WF/HE ~1.1),
and fore femur moderately broad (FL/FW ~2.00)> 4<Referring to the collection of
the holotype on m\u257?mane (\i{}Sophora chrysophylla\i0{})> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM Type 18132> 8,1 10,1 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,4/10 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,2 25,3-2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,2
36,1 37,3 38,3 39,3 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,5 53,3 54,3 55,2
56,2 57,2 58,2 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1 74,1.76
75,1.02 76,0.85 77,0.59 78,0.62 79,0.57 80,1.09 81,1.67 82,1.32 83,0.39 84,2.00
85,2.48 86,1.25 87,3.05 90<Known only from the holotype, collected at the
Humu\u699?ula saddle in 1946>

# \i{}Sierola streblognatha\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola streblognatha\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:104> 3<Clypeus convex
dorsally and evenly curved in profile, head prominent ventrally, and basal wing
cells nearly glabrous. Separated from the somewhat similar \i{}S. pohaku\i0{} n.
sp. and \i{}S. rocki\i0{} by the black mandible and femora, and broad fore
femora> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i: Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a, 3700'
[1130 m], Aug 1917, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type 65> 8,1 10,3 11,2 12,4 13,2 14,6
15,2 16,1 17,4 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,2
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,6 41,3 42,4 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,3 71,3 74,1.93 75,1.01 76,0.89 77,0.62
78,0.75 79,0.60 80,1.25 81,1.68 82,1.31 83,0.44 84,1.88 85,2.52 86,1.13 90<Known
only from the holotype, from Pu\u699?u Wa\u699?awa\u699?a>

# \i{}Sierola uhapau\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the species group with broad, more or less parallel-sided
mandible and a sharp clypeal carina that is evenly sloping or weakly curved in
profile. Differing from \i{}S. atra\i0{} Fullaway by having the head narrower
and longer behind the eye (WH/LH 0.80-0.84, DH/LH 0.53-0.57, and longer behind
the eyes, OOL/WOT 1.95-2.25) and frons finely microreticulate. Closest to \i{}S.
blackburni\i0{} Fullaway, separated by the very narrow femora (FL/FW 2.25-2.45,
HFL/HFW 2.55-2.90) which are predominantly yellow except for the brown hind
femur, and the broad frons (WF/HE 1.25-1.40). Shares the unusual leg coloration
with \i{}S. celeris\i0{} Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, differing in the broader head
(WH/LH 0.80-0.84 vs. 0.75-0.80 in \i{}S. celeris\i0{}) and presence of a faint
transverse carina on the propodeum> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}\u699?\u363?h\u257?\i0{}, thigh, + \i{}pa\u699?u\i0{}, sooty, referring to
the darkened hind femur> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Mt. Hual\u257?lai,
3000' [900 m], 27 Jun 1966, C.M. Yoshimoto, BPBM Type 18133> 6<Paratypes:
1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, old crack, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard,
HDOA. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], \u699?Iliahi + Naio, 20 Jul 1920,
W.M. Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 2 Aug 1920, W.M.
Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki trail, ex \i{}Vaccinium\i0{}, 8 Jul
1934, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, Dec 1950, N.L.H. Krauss, BPBM.
1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, sweeping, 5 Aug 1960, D.E. Hardy, BPBM. 1\u9792?,
\u699?\u256?lo\u699?i Crater, nr. Chain of Craters Rd., 3000' [900 m], 23 Jun
1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki Rim Trail, 3800' [1160
m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Pu\u699?u Hual\u257?lai,
900-1200 m, 27-28 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mt. Hual\u257?lai,
2500' [760 m], 28 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300'
[1300 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J. Leeper, BPBM: 2\u9792?, 19 Jul
1971; 2\u9792?, 4 Jan 1972; 2\u9792?, 9 Oct 1972. Mauna Loa Strip Road, 4300'
[1300 m], \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM: 1\u9792?, 5 Jan 1973;
2\u9792?, 11 Feb 1973. Mauna Loa Strip Road, 5300' [1620 m], D-Vac sample ex
\i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, J. Leeper, BPBM: 1\u9792?, 13 Oct 1973, 2\u9792?, 13 Dec
1973. 1\u9792?, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Thurston, 1175 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, GRU scratch, 23 Oct 1996, D.S. Gruner & D.A.
Polhemus, BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#22,
card B, 29 May 2004, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u257?p\u257? mid road, 1230 m,
19.2118\u176?N 155.8169\u176?W, Townes Malaise trap, 4 Aug 2022, K.N. Magnacca,
BPBM> 8,1 10,3-4 11,3 12,2 13,4/2 14,1 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,1 44,2
46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 55,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2<sometimes with very
faint microreticulation on T3-5> 61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,15 69,1 70,1 71,1/6 72,1
74,2.27 75,1.10 76,0.84<0.80-0.84> 77,0.56<0.55-0.57> 78,0.97<0.89-1.10>
79,0.77<0.69-0.85> 80,1.26<1.23-1.40> 81,1.65<1.55-1.66> 82,1.95<1.94-2.25>
83,0.40 84,2.33<2.24-2.46> 85,2.74<2.57-2.91> 86,1.23<1.00-1.37> 87,3.05 88<N =
16> 90<Mostly found in the vicinity of K\u299?lauea in wet to mesic forest, with
three collections from Hual\u257?lai> 92<This species was initially confused
with \i{}S. blackburni\i0{}, but the coloration of the legs is very consistent
and correlated with the head shape>

# \i{}Sierola uluna\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and sparsely setose basal wing
cells, easily recognized by the very broad head, as wide or wider than long.
Similar in general appearance to \i{}S. kauensis\i0{} Fullaway, including the
very broad fore femur, but differing in the sparsely setose wing cells, lacking
a distinct genal angle or postgenal depression, vertex and gena setae
undifferentiated from those of the frons, and the lateral ocelli distinctly
separated from the vertex crest. Nearly identical to \i{}S. mahui\i0{} n. sp.,
separated by the very broad fore femur, clypeus evenly curved in profile, and
metasoma mostly polished> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}uluna\i0{}, upper arm,
referring to the strongly swollen femora> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i:
K\u299?lauea Forest Reserve IBP study site, 1586 m, Malaise Trap {}#2, WAS
{}#71-46, 1\endash{}8 Feb 1971, W.A. Steffan & F.G. Howarth, BPBM Type 18134>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363? Road, 16 Jan 1917, F. Muir, BPBM.
1\u9792?, S. Kona, \u699?\u332?hi\u699?a, 8 Aug 1919, O.H. Swezey, BPBM.
2\u9792?, Kealakekua, 3000' [910 m], on \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a lehua, 8 Aug 1919,
P.H. Timberlake, UCRC ENT 556760, 556761. 1\u9792?, Kona, 27 Jul 1921, O.H.
Swezey & F.X. Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Nauhi Gulch, 5000\endash{}6000'
[1520-1830 m], \u699?\u332?hi\u699?a Lehua, 2 Oct 1931, O.H. Swezey & F.X.
Williams, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, k\u299?puka 6, 1647 m,
19.6697\u176?N 155.3582\u176?W, \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping,
collection K6-TR2-2009, lot HI-0936, 15 Jul 2009, D. Leopold & B. Hwang, BPBM>
8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,2 41,2 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1
48,5 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,2 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 61,2 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,2 69,2 70,1
71,2 72,1 74,2.69 75,1.24 76,1.04<1.00-1.05> 77,0.65<0.63-0.65>
78,0.52<0.50-0.63> 79,0.38<0.38-0.48> 80,1.36<1.24-1.36> 81,1.66<1.63-1.71>
82,1.33<1.20-1.33> 83,0.44 84,1.74<1.70-1.77> 85,2.03<1.97-2.08>
86,1.34<1.23-1.34> 87,3.04 88<N = 5> 90<Rare, known from only eight specimens,
but found across the island in mesic to wet forest and collected recently>

# \i{}Sierola umiumi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the species group with broad, more or less parallel-sided
mandible and a sharp clypeal carina that is evenly sloping or weakly curved in
profile. Readily separated from similar species by the dense, downy ventral
pubescence of the head. The head is also both broad and deep, and long behind
the eyes. Closest to \i{}S. testaceipes\i0{} Cameron of O\u699?ahu,
distinguished by the distinctly broader head and longer antenna (A3 longer than
wide)> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}\u699?umi\u699?umi\i0{}, beard, referring to the
setose ventral head> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Mauna Loa Strip Road,
5300' [1620 m], D-Vac sample ex \i{}Acacia koa\i0{}, 1 Sep 1971, J. Leeper, BPBM
Type 18135> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,4 14,1 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2
23,13 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,3 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4 61,3 63,19 64,9 65,1 66,1
67,22 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,2.58 75,1.20 76,0.87 77,0.58 78,1.14 79,0.75
80,1.52 81,1.63 82,2.03 83,0.44 84,2.06 85,2.35 86,1.33 87,2.75 90<Known only
from the unique holotype, collected at Hawaii Volcanoes in 1971>

# \i{}Sierola unahi\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<The unusual scutellate sculpture of the frons, which obscures the punctation,
together with the triangular head shape (in both dorsal and lateral views) and
low, elongate clypeus readily separates this species from all others. It is also
unusual in having the hind femur relatively broader than the fore femur, and the
form of the clypeus, which is elongate and curved in profile. Superficially
similar to \i{}S. papio\i0{} n. sp. but differing in the narrow fore femur and
form of the mandible, which is not twisted and only slightly curved in ventral
view, and has conspicuous setae on the outer surface> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}unahi\i0{}, scaly, as like a fish, referring to the microsculpture of the
frons> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: Kukuiopa\u699?e, 4900' [1490 m],
sweeping \i{}Cheirodendron\i0{}, 17 Sep 2011, K.N. Magnacca, BPBM Type 18136>
8,1 10,3 11,2 12,4 13,11 14,11 15,1 16,2<and conspicuously setose> 17,2 18,1
19,1 20,6 21,2 22,3 23,12 24,1 25,13 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,3 33,6 34,4 35,2
36,1 37,7 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,9 53,2 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,11 63,1 65,1
66,3 67,7 68,5 69,3 70,1 71,2 72,1 74,1.71 75,0.78 76,0.79 77,0.54 78,0.77
79,0.82 80,0.93 81,1.96 82,1.12 83,0.40 84,2.30 85,2.21 86,1.30 87,3.06 90<Known
only from the holotype, collected in South Kona> 92<The scutellate
microsculpture of the frons is found among the Hawaiian species only in \i{}S.
hou\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S. mahuna\i0{} n. sp., both of which differ in most
other respects, and only known elsewhere in the genus from a handful of
undescribed Australian species>

# \i{}Sierola volcanica\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola volcanica\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:74> 3<A distinctive
species, recognized by the broad, compressed head which is more or less flat or
only slightly convex dorsally, convex clypeus, strongly twisted mandible, and
densely setose basal wing cells. Closest to \i{}S. konana\i0{} Fullaway,
separated by the narrower, more elongate head> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\u699?i:
Ka\u699?\u363?, 4000' [1220 m], A-a flows, 25 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM Type
4> 6<Material examined: 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, \i{}Straussia\i0{} [=
\i{}Psychotria\i0{}], 27 Jun 1917, O.H. Swezey, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363?,
3600' [1100 m], A-a flows, 13 Jul 1918, W.M. Giffard, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?,
same data, 18 Jul 1918, BPBM (paratype). 1\u9792?, same data, 23 Jul 1918, BPBM
(paratype). 3\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 8 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard,
BPBM. 2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], on ohia, 9 Sep 1919, F.X.
Williams, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363? Desert, K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m],
13 Sep 1919, W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m],
\u699?iliahi [\i{}Santalum\i0{}] + naio [\i{}Myoporum\i0{}], 20 Jul 1920, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363? Desert, K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m],
\i{}Cyathodes\i0{} [= \i{}Sadleria\i0{}] + \u699?\u333?hi\u699?a, 22 Jul 1920,
W.M. Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?lauea, 4000' [1220 m], 2 Aug 1920, W.M.
Giffard, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, 18 Aug 1920, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Ka\u699?\u363?
Desert, K\u299?lauea, 3800' [1160 m], 10 Sep 1920, W.M. Giffard, HDOA. 1\u9792?,
K\u299?lauea-Ka\u699?\u363?, 4000' [1220 m], 22 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM.
2\u9792?, K\u299?lauea Iki Rim Trail, 3800' [1160 m], 23 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, rim of K\u299?lauea Iki Crater, 3800' [1160 m], 23
Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, Kohala Forest Reserve, 1158 m, fogging
\i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 12 Oct 1997, D.S. Gruner & D.A. Polhemus
(specimens: 7-3, GRU 0667-003; 7-3, GRU 0667-008), BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data,
8-2, GRU 0683-001, 14 Oct 1997, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea Forest
Reserve, 1280 m, clipping \i{}Metros. polymorpha\i0{}, 25-G, GRU 3208-001, 30
Jul 1999, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, 26-B, GRU 7602-001, 17 Apr
2001, BPBM. 2\u9792?, same data, (specimens: 1-A, GRU 7003-002; 1-C, GRU
7023-001), 25 Apr 2001, D.S. Gruner, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, 32-B, GRU
7353-002, 2 May 2001, BPBM. 1\u9792?, same data, 13-A, GRU 7746-001, 3 May 2001,
BPBM. 1\u9792?, K\u299?puka K\u299?, yellow sticky card, site {}#14, card G, 2
May 2003, BPBM. 3\u9792?, Kahuku Ranch, yellow sticky card, 23 Feb 2007, BPBM.
18\u9792?, Upper Wai\u257?kea FR, various k\u299?puka, 1495\endash{}1782 m,
\u699?\u333?hi\u699?a canopy branch clipping, 7 Jul 2009\endash{}14 Jul 2010, D.
Leopold & B. Hwang, UMD> 8,1 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,4 14,17 15,3 16,1 17,4 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,4 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-2 31,1 33,3 34,4 35,1/2 36,1/2
37,7/3 41,3 42,2 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,2 56,2<rarely complete> 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,5 69,1/2 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,2.27 75,1.13
76,0.79<0.78-0.86> 77,0.46<046-0.52> 78,0.98<0.86-1.03> 79,0.75<0.66-0.80>
80,1.30<1.27-1.41> 81,1.67<1.61-1.69> 82,1.84<1.64-1.91> 83,0.44
84,2.00<1.87-2.07> 85,2.39<2.24-2.55> 86,1.33<1.00-1.43> 87,2.91 88<N = 14>
90<Moderately common, known from a relatively large series collected at
K\u299?lauea between 1917 and 1920, and numerous fogging samples scattered on
the windward side> 92<This species appears to occur in two morphotypes depending
on the habitat. In wet forest, the head is slightly broader and deeper (WH/LH
0.82\endash{}0.86, DH/LH 0.49\endash{}0.52), distinctly rounded ventrally, and
deepest beneath the hind margin of the eye; in dry areas, the head is narrower
and more compressed (WH/LH 0.78\endash{}0.82, DH/LH 0.46\endash{}0.48), flat
behind the mandible to a distinct genal angle, and deepest behind the eye. The
proportions are within the range of variation seen in other species, cannot be
unambiguously distinguished, and other than these characters there does not
appear to be anything to separate them. It seems best to keep them together;
they may be ecomorphs in the process of speciation. The wet forest form grades
into \i{}S. konana\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola wahaula\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Easily recognized by the broad head which is widest posterior of the eyes and
narrowest near the anterior margin of the eyes, clypeus recurved in profile, and
moderately broad mandible which is usually reddish brown. Very similar to \i{}S.
huna\i0{} n. sp., differing in having conspicuously long (though sparse) frons
setae and the mandible parallel-sided> 4<From the Hawaiian \i{}waha
\u699?ula\i0{}, red mouth, referring to the mandibles. It is also the name of a
large heiau on Hawai\u699?i, which was covered by lava in 1997> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley,
BPBM Type 18137> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul
1935, R.L. Usinger, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Humu\u699?ula, P\u333?hakuloa,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 31 Jul 1936, E.H. Bryan, BPBM. 2\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula,
\i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 7 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa,
21 Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun
1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, Mt. Hual\u257?lai, 27 Jun 1966, C.M.
Yoshimoto, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 3800' [1160 m; this is an error], 29
Jun 1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,3 12,2/7 13,3 14,4 15,4 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,1 23,8 24,2 25,3/4 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,3 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,1 56,1 57,3 58,1
59,2 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1-4 67,7 68,1/5 69,1 70,1 71,5 72,1 74,2.27 75,1.17
76,0.92<0.89-0.95> 77,0.54<0.51-0.54> 78,1.00<0.97-1.00> 79,0.71<0.70-0.72>
80,1.41<1.34-1.44> 81,1.69<1.69-1.70> 82,1.52<1.52-1.71> 83,0.40
84,2.21<2.06-2.27> 85,2.32<2.32-2.48> 86,1.37<1.00-1.37> 87,3.06 88<N = 5>
90<Restricted to the P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula saddle region between
Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Known from 10 specimens, last collected in 1966>
92<Although the intermediate states of the clypeal carina, mandible color, and
basal wing cell setation cause this species to come out in multiple places in
the key, it is very distinctive not only on the island of Hawai\u699?i but among
the known \i{}Sierola\i0{} species. See notes under \i{}S. huna\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola wahiole\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Distinguished by the weakly carinate, evenly curved clypeus, broad black
mandible, and ocellar triangle strongly acute with the lateral ocelli separated
from the vertex. Related to \i{}S. malino\i0{} Magnacca of O\u699?ahu, separated
by lacking dense ventral setae on the head and the much greater OOL/WOT> 4<From
the Hawaiian \i{}wahi\i0{}, place, + \u699?\i{}ole\i0{}, without, referring to
the lack of specific locality information on the holotype> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: Hawai\u699?i, [no date], A. Koebele, BPBM Type 18138>
6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, New N\u275?n\u275?, yellow sticky card, site {}#1, card
J, 30 May 2001, BPBM. 1\u9792?, New N\u275?n\u275?, yellow sticky card, site
{}#2, card I, 2 Apr 2002, BPBM> 8,1 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,1 15,2 16,2 17,3 18,1
19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,2/3 30,2 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,3 41,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1
63,1 65,1 66,1 67,4<may be yellow or partially brown in fresh specimens> 69,1
70,1 71,1 72,1 74,2.00 75,0.98 76,0.81 77,0.56 78,1.00 79,0.78 80,1.28 81,1.68
82,2.15 83,0.45 84,2.38 85,2.95 86,1.36 87,2.52 90<Known only from the holotype
(with no locality) and two recent specimens from the south flank of
K\u299?lauea> 92<The legs of the holotype are reddish brown but appear to be
discolored; the true color is uncertain. Neither the date nor locality of the
holotype is recorded, but it must have been taken in the 1890s or early 1900s
when Koebele was in Hawaii>

# \i{}Sierola winiwini\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the group of species with the clypeus enlarged and weakly
carinate or angulate dorsally. Separated from \i{}S. aiwa\i0{} n. sp. and \i{}S.
sima\i0{} by the elongate trapezoidal clypeus, narrow mandible, head shorter
behind the eyes, and lateral ocelli separate from vertex crest by less than
their diameter. Very similar to \i{}S. papalina\i0{} n. sp. in general
appearance, but the head is narrower and more compressed, mandible narrower, and
the clypeus is thinner in profile and only weakly carinate> 4<From the Hawaiian
\i{}winiwini\i0{}, sharp point (as of a nose), referring to the elongate
clypeus> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Hawai\lquote{}i: P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun
1966, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM Type 18139> 6<Paratypes: 1\u9792?, near
Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 3 Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 4\u9792?,
same data, 7 Aug 1946, BPBM. 1\u9792?, near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Myoporum\i0{}, 7
Aug 1946, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 21 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, on \i{}Chenopodium\i0{}, 21 Jun 1966,
J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 3\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 1800 m, 25 Jun 1966, J.W.
Beardsley, BPBM. 2\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa, 6000' [1830 m], ex \i{}Chenopodium
oahuense\i0{}, 9 Jun 1986, J.W. Beardsley, BPBM. 1\u9792?, P\u333?hakuloa
Training Area, K\u299?puka \u699?Alal\u257? pan trap, Chal 05 JEH, 14 Mar 2000,
P. Oboyski et al., USNM> 8,1 10,18 11,6 12,3 13,11 14,14 15,3 16,4 17,2 18,1
19,2 20,3 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,3 54,3 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,1 61,1
63,1 65,5 66,1<rarely reddish brown> 67,7 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,2/3 74,1.61 75,0.80
76,0.72 77,0.50 78,0.91 79,0.85 80,1.06 81,1.79 82,1.45 83,0.40 84,2.18 85,2.56
86,1.20 87,3.01 90<Restricted to the P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula region
in dry to dry-mesic forest>

# \i{}Sierola zimmermani\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Among species with a sharp clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells,
easily recognized by the somewhat narrow and flattened head (weakly convex above
and below, DH/LH ~0.51, WH/LH ~0.80) and conspicuously setose frons, the setae
distinctly longer than the flagellum width. Closest to \i{}S. gracillima\i0{}
Fullaway of O\u699?ahu, but that species has the frons setae very short and
punctation sparse> 4<Named for the collector, Elwood C. Zimmerman, one of
Hawai\u699?i's most distinguished entomologists> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Hawai\lquote{}i: near Humu\u699?ula, \i{}Sophora\i0{}, 7 Aug 1946, E.C.
Zimmerman, BPBM Type 18140> 8,1 10,3 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,3 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,4 38,2 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 45,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,3 56,1 57,3
58,1 59,2 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 74,1.48 75,0.75 76,0.80
77,0.51 78,0.83 79,0.73 80,1.14 81,1.67 82,1.25 83,0.37 84,2.14 85,2.44 86,0.92
87,2.92 90<Known only from the unique holotype, collected in 1946. May be
restricted to the P\u333?hakuloa\endash{}Humu\u699?ula region>

# \i{}Sierola humilis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola humilis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:152> 8,2 10,4 11,4 12,2
13,2 14,4 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,3 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.76 75,0.92 76,0.87
77,0.56 78,0.89 79,0.71 80,1.26 81,1.63 82,1.57 83,0.34 84,2.14 85,2.09 86,0.86

# \i{}Sierola longicaudata\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola longicaudata\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:92> 8,2 10,1 11,1 12,2
13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,3 29,2
30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,2 56,2 57,2
58,1 59,1 61,6 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,2 71,1 74,2.30 75,1.19 76,0.93
77,0.55 78,0.65 79,0.52 80,1.27 81,1.64 82,1.38 83,0.42 84,1.77 85,2.25 86,1.25

# \i{}Sierola mauiensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola mauiensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:115> 8,2 10,1 11,1 12,1
13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,7 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,2
57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.78 75,0.89
76,0.89 77,0.59 78,0.68 79,0.63 80,1.09 81,1.71 82,1.19 83,0.42 84,1.88 85,2.08
86,1.17

# \i{}Sierola olinda\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola olinda\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:134> 8,2 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,1
14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,3-4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,2
57,2 58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.76 75,0.85
76,0.90 77,0.59 78,0.68 79,0.59 80,1.16 81,1.68 82,1.17 83,0.41 84,1.93 85,2.38
86,1.17

# \i{}Sierola sericea\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola sericea\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:124> 8,2 10,1 11,1 12,1
13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,7 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,4 29,1
30,3-4 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,2 37,3 39,2 41,6 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,1 53,3
54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,13 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,2.08
75,1.06 76,0.73 77,0.54 78,0.82 79,0.78 80,1.05 81,1.65 82,1.46 83,0.40 84,2.12
85,2.38 86,1.29

# \i{}Sierola vetusta\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola vetusta\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:143> 8,2 10,3 11,1 12,2
13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,4 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,2 57,1
58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1 74,1.49 75,0.78 76,0.93
77,0.60 78,0.55 79,0.50 80,1.10 81,1.68 82,1.08 83,0.41 84,1.79 85,2.30 86,1.00

# \i{}Sierola molokaiensis\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola molokaiensis\i0{} Ashmead, 1901:290> 8,3 10,3 11,3
12,1/2 13,1/2 14,12 15,1 18,1 19,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 25,1 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,3 31,1
32,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,1
58,1 59,2 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,11 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.83 75,1.07 76,0.76 77,0.51
78,0.90 79,0.81 80,1.10 81,1.66 82,1.75 83,0.41 84,1.64 92<Mandibles not clearly
visible, deeply folded beneath head. Eyes could be pubescent, but worn and
covered with glue. The clypeus appears to have been broken off - the lectotype
was originally glued face-down on a card so that no characters were visible, but
when the glue was dissolved and the specimen reglued, no fragments were visible.
Swezey's (1909) record of the species from the sugarcane budworm on Oahu refers
to \i{}S. acuta\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola leuconeura\i0{} <Blackburn & Cameron, 1886>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola leuconeura\i0{} Blackburn & Cameron, 1886:177> 8,4 10,4
11,4 12,3/4 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1/2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2
50,3 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,3 63,1 65,1 66,4 67,7 68,3 69,1 70,2 71,3 74,1.52
75,0.79 76,0.86 77,0.53 78,0.68 79,0.63 80,1.09 81,1.75 82,1.21 83,0.44 84,2.00

# \i{}Sierola collaris\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola collaris\i0{} Ashmead, 1901:292> 8,6 10,5 11,2 12,3/4
13,2/4 14,14 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,3 26,1 27,3
28,1 29,1 30,5 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1/2 41,3 42,4 44,2 46,2 47,2 48,2
50,3 53,3 54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,3 61,1 62,2/3 63,5/8 64,1 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1
70,2 71,1-2 74,2.07 75,1.05 76,0.95 77,0.63 78,0.67 79,0.50 80,1.33 81,1.58
82,1.00 83,0.43 84,1.90 92<Frons pubescence highly variable, very short in
front, very long just above the eyes. Wing cell setae intermediate, mostly
missing in lectotype>

# \i{}Sierola conspicua\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola conspicua\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:141> 8,6 10,5 11,4 12,2
13,1 14,3 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2
30,2 31,3 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2
58,1 59,2 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1 71,1 74,1.98 75,1.05 76,0.91 77,0.60 78,0.88
79,0.63 80,1.40 81,1.56 82,1.85 83,0.41 84,2.00 85,2.21 86,1.25 92<The head of
the holotype is broken off and glued back on at an angle. A8 was measured due to
the tip of the antenna being broken off. The wings are glued together and
difficult to assess.>

# \i{}Sierola flavocollaris\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola flavocollaris\i0{} Ashmead, 1901:291> 8,6 10,5/6 11,5
12,2/3 13,5 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,4 24,1 25,1 26,1
28,1 29,4 30,1 31,1 32,4 33,3 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,1 44,5 46,4 47,2 48,2
50,3 56,3 57,3 58,1 59,3 61,3 62,2 63,5 64,2 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
74,2.54 75,1.29 76,0.83 77,0.55 78,1.00 79,0.86 80,1.16 81,1.70 82,2.00 83,0.36
84,2.40 92<Mesonotum length estimated, because pronotum and mesonotum are
separated and full mesonotum is exposed (front portion of mesonotum is normally
concealed). Thorax width estimated due to mounting position. Head very large and
quadrate.>

# \i{}Sierola kauaiensis\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
2<\pard\li0{}\i{}Sierola kauaiensis\i0{} Ashmead, 1901:292> 8,6 10,4 11,3 12,2
13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2
30,2 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,2 53,1
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 61,1 62,3 63,6 64,3 65,1 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,5 72,1
74,2.05 75,1.00 76,0.91 77,0.62 78,0.68 79,0.58 80,1.16 81,1.72 82,1.53 83,0.33
84,2.26

# \i{}Sierola berryae\i0{} <Ward, 2013>/
7,9 10,4 11,4 12,6 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1
25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 31,2 33,1 34,2 36,2 37,2 41,3 42,3 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,3 54,4
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,2 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,3 74,2.13 75,1.20
76,0.96 77,0.64 78,0.60 79,0.45 80,1.32 81,1.55 82,1.41 83,0.42 84,1.94

# \i{}Sierola gilbertae\i0{} <Ward, 2013>/
7,9 10,6 11,5 12,11 13,6 14,2 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,10 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1
25,2 26,2 28,1 29,4 31,1 33,4 34,4 36,1 37,5 41,1 42,5 46,3 47,1 48,3 49,3 53,3
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,8 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,3 74,1.48
75,0.80 76,0.78 77,0.49 78,1.24 79,0.98 80,1.27 81,1.67 82,2.53 83,0.35 84,1.91

# \i{}Sierola houdiniae\i0{}/
3<Head proportions similar to \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} of Australia, but distinctly
different in the deeper head which is rounded above and below rather than flat,
the relatively prominent clypeus (very short and truncate in \i{}S.
antipoda\i0{}), and other characters (see Table 1)> 4<Named for the host, a rare
and remarkable stem mining caterpillar> 7,9 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,5 14,4 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,3 24,2 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,2 31,1 33,3 34,3 36,1
37,4 41,2 42,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 49,3 53,2 56,2 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,15 66,1 67,8 68,3
69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.41 75,0.73 76,0.70 77,0.50 78,1.14 79,1.10 80,1.03 81,1.73
82,1.67 83,0.35 90<New Zealand, North Island, WO. So far known only from the
type locality at Moanatuatua, but probably also occurs at the other two sites
where \i{}Houdinia\i0{} has been found (Torehape and Kopouatai; Hoare et al.
2006)> 91<Reared from the larvae of \i{}Houdinia flexilissima\i0{} Hoare,
Dugdale, and Watts (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae; Hoare et al. 2006)> 92<This
species was identified as \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} in Ward (2013), but differs from
that species in a number of respects, including the clypeus shape, clypeal
carina, degree of head flattening, and wing setation. The clearest characters
are shown in Table 1. Within the entire genus, \i{}S. houdiniae\i0{} most
closely resembles \i{}S. cryptophlebiae\i0{} of Hawaii, differing in the much
narrower and longer head. Unusually for a species that attacks leaf miners, the
mesosoma is not particularly compressed dorsoventrally. This suggests that it
may detect the caterpillar\rquote{}s location externally and attack it from the
outside rather than entering the mine>

# \i{}Sierola jamiei\i0{} <(Ward, 2013>/
2<\i{}Goniozus jaimei\i0{} Ward, 2013: 111> 7,9 10,4 12,2 13,2 29,3 30,5 31,2
33,1 54,2 55,1 73,3 76,1.00<.098-1.03> 80,0.90<0.90-0.95> 82,1.0<1.0-1.1>

# \i{}Sierola lucyae\i0{} <Ward, 2013>/
7,9 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 31,4 33,1 34,2 36,1 37,2 39,3 41,2 42,2 46,2 47,2 48,2 49,3
53,3 54,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1 65,15 66,3 67,8 68,11 69,3 70,1 71,1
74,1.68 75,0.87 76,0.89 77,0.61 78,0.51 79,0.56 80,0.92 81,1.89 82,1.05 83,0.39
84,1.92

# \i{}Sierola mawarajo\i0{} <Terayama, 2004>/
7,12 9,2 10,1 11,1 12,2 31,2 55,4 56,1 63,1 65,8 66,1 67,8 68,1 76,0.86 82,1.20

# \i{}Sierola indra\i0{} <Terayama, 2004>/
7,12 9,2 10,1 11,1 12,2 31,4 55,4 56,1 63,1 65,8 66,1 67,8 68,1 76,0.82 82,1.20

# \i{}Sierola narendrani\i0{} Laos <Santhosh, 2017>/
7,12 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,4 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,4 38,3 41,1 42,2
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,3 54,7 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,9
68,12 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.30 75,0.69 76,0.88 77,0.59 78,0.47 79,0.53
80,0.88 81,1.95 82,1.07 83,0.40 84,1.95 85,2.12 86,0.87 87,2.91 90<2\u9792?,
Laos, Sedone Province, Pakse, 31.V.1967, Native Collector, BPBM> 92<Based on
specimen from Laos at BPBM>

# \i{}Sierola nasseri\i0{} <Santhosh, 2017>/
7,12 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2/3 14,9/10/12/13 15,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 23,1/3 24,1
25,3/4 26,2 29,1 30,4 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 42,3 44,1 56,1 58,1
63,1 65,11 66,3-4 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 74,1.83 75,0.88 76,0.94 80,1.13 81,1.75
82,1.3

# \i{}Sierola sinensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola sinensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:159> 3<Distinctive in having the
clypeal carina thin and laminate, highly arched in profile, but strongly rounded
and recurved at the apex rather than acute. Unlike members of the
\i{}olympiana\i0{} species complex of Hawai\u699?i, it lacks strong, elongate
setae along the vertex crest and gena> 5<Holotype \u9792\'3f. CHINA: Macao, Chin
San, Dec 1906, F. Muir coll., BPBM Type 173> 7,12 10,3/4 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,11
15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,5 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5
31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 53,3 56,2 57,1 58,1
59,1 61,1 63,1 65,15 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.40 75,0.79 76,0.78
77,0.53 78,0.67 79,0.65 80,1.03 81,1.74 82,1.14 83,0.37 84,1.79 85,1.95 86,0.90
92<The wing cell setation is uncertain; they appear to be abraded, with only
dots representing the sockets present>

# \i{}Sierola brevicaputa\i0{} <Wang, He, & Chen, 2021>/
7,12/13 10,4/5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3 19,1 20,1 29,1 33,1 36,1 37,3 54,2
63,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 76,0.96 77,0.61 78,0.69 80,1.18 82,1.22
83,0.41

# \i{}Sierola leleji\i0{} <Wang, He, & Chen, 2021>/
7,12/13 10,4/5 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3 19,1 20,1 29,2 33,1 36,1 37,4 54,2
63,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1 73,1 76,0.82 77,0.57 78,0.81 80,1.09
82,1.40 83,0.37 86,0.94

# \i{}Sierola limatulifascia\i0{} <Wang, He, & Chen, 2021>/
7,12/13 10,4 11,3 12,1 13,3 14,5 15,1 16,3 19,1 20,1 29,2 33,1 36,1 37,3 54,6
63,1 66,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,2 73,1 74,1.49 76,0.83 77,0.57 78,0.90 80,1.12
82,1.30 83,0.39 86,1.05

# \i{}Sierola ashmeadi\i0{} <Gorbatovsky, 1995>/
7,13 9,2 26,1 29,4 31,1 71,3

# \i{}Sierola shimotsukeana\i0{} <Terayama, 2006>/
7,13 9,2 10,5 11,4 12,2 55,1

# \i{}Sierola izanami\i0{} <Terayama, 2006>/
7,13 9,2 55,1

# \i{}Sierola adamsoni\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola adamsoni\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:358> 7,2 10,3 11,2/3 12,2 13,2 14,13
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,4
33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,4 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,2 74,2.41 75,1.33 76,0.92
77,0.57 78,0.65 79,0.50 80,1.30 81,1.57 82,1.38 83,0.35 84,2.06 85,2.52 86,1.71
92<Fullaway's description is virtually identical to that of \i{}S.
tahuataensis\i0{}, except that \i{}S. adamsoni\i0{} is slightly larger. The only
clear difference between them is the width of the femur. The only specimen from
Hiva Oa is a new species>

# \i{}Sierola bryani\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola bryani\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:363> 7,2 10,1 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,9/10
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,6 25,1 26,1 28,3 29,1 63,1 71,1

# \i{}Sierola cookei\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola cookei\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:362> 7,2 10,3/4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,11
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,4 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,3 58,1
59,1 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,7 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.84 75,0.98 76,0.79
77,0.51 78,0.91 79,0.79 80,1.15 81,1.63 82,1.21 83,0.34 84,1.80 85,2.12 86,1.20
92<Only one of four specimens in collection is apparently it, each of the others
is a new species>

# \i{}Sierola freycinetiae\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola freycinetiae\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:360> 7,2 10,3/4 11,3 12,2 13,2
14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,5 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,1
30,4-5 31,4 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,4
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.76
75,0.95 76,0.83 77,0.57 78,0.63 79,0.62 80,1.03 81,1.72 82,1.29 83,0.38 84,2.08
85,2.05 86,1.60

# \i{}Sierola matauunaiana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola freycinetiae matauunaiana\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:360> 7,2 10,4 11,4
12,2 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,5 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,3 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,1
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,16 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.05 75,1.02
76,0.78 77,0.52 78,0.84 79,0.73 80,1.16 81,1.59 82,1.62 83,0.33 84,1.93 85,2.07
86,1.17 92<Fullaway's descriptions of \i{}S. cookei\i0{} and \i{}S.
freycinetiae\i0{} are almost word-for-word identical. However, the former is
much closer to this species (originally described as a subspecies of \i{}S.
freycinetiae\i0{}, here raised to species), based on the longer, more compressed
head\par{}>

# \i{}Sierola gregoryi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola gregoryi\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:363> 7,2 10,3/4 11,2/3 12,2 13,2
14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,3 29,1 30,5
31,4 33,1 34,4 35,2 36,4 37,1 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,1 56,3 57,3 58,1
59,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,2 69,2 70,1 71,3 74,1.65 75,0.91 76,0.75 77,0.52
78,1.15 79,0.97 80,1.19 81,1.68 82,1.65 83,0.35 84,1.64 85,1.65 86,1.14 92<By
far the most distinctive Marquesan species; eyes far forward, sparsely punctate
and shining frons, glabrous wing cells, head concave behind>

# \i{}Sierola hivaoaensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola hivaoaensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:359> 7,2 10,3/4 11,2/3 12,2 13,1
14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,4-5 31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,2
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.90 75,1.00
76,0.91 77,0.54 78,0.68 79,0.53 80,1.27 81,1.57 82,1.33 83,0.35 84,2.00 85,2.33
86,1.50 92<Very similar to S. adamsoni, clypeus smaller in profile but
relatively more protuberant and strongly arched, wing cells more setose>

# \i{}Sierola lebronnecii\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola lebronneci\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:361> 7,2 10,3 11,1 12,2 13,11 14,12
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 53,4 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.05 75,1.02 76,0.80
77,0.52 78,0.71 79,0.71 80,1.00 81,1.71 82,1.45 83,0.40 84,2.07 85,2.65 86,1.60

# \i{}Sierola mumfordi\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola mumfordi\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:357> 7,2 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,3 14,4
15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,2 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,7 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,2.52 75,1.19 76,0.90 77,0.57
78,0.84 79,0.59 80,1.42 81,1.59 82,1.95 83,0.37 84,2.13 85,2.24 86,1.14

# \i{}Sierola ooumuana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola ooumuana\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:358> 7,2 10,5 11,4 12,6 13,3 14,4
15,1 16,1 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,2 69,3 70,1 71,3 74,1.92 75,1.07 76,0.78 77,0.52 78,0.97
79,0.80 80,1.21 81,1.60 82,1.60 83,0.32 84,2.00 85,2.07 86,1.00 92<None of the
five additional specimens are actually this species; one resembles S. pukokiana>

# \i{}Sierola tahuataensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola tahuataensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:360> 7,2 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2
14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3
31,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,2 42,7 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3
58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,2 74,2.28 75,1.20 76,0.89
77,0.57 78,0.71 79,0.60 80,1.19 81,1.64 82,1.55 83,0.38 84,2.24 85,2.86 86,2.17
92<Antennae extremely long>

# \i{}Sierola tauraaiana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola tauraaiana\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:361> 7,2 10,1 11,1 12,2 13,11 14,13
15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1
61,1 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,7 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,2.09 75,1.04 76,0.88 77,0.58 78,0.83
79,0.70 80,1.19 81,1.63 82,1.41 83,0.37 84,2.03 86,1.33 92<Two of the additional
specimens are \i{}S. lebronnecii\i0{}, the third is a new species>

# \i{}Sierola pukokiana\i0{} <Fullaway, 1934>/
2<\i{}Sierola tauraaiana\i0{} var. \i{}pukokiana\i0{} Fullaway, 1934:362> 7,2
10,3/4 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,10 24,1
25,4 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,3 41,1 42,1
44,1 46,2 47,1 48,3 53,4 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,13 69,2 70,1
71,1 74,1.89 75,1.00 76,0.82 77,0.55 78,0.78 79,0.76 80,1.03 81,1.73 82,1.27
83,0.40 84,1.93 85,2.70 86,1.60 92<Under ICZN, names proposed as varieties prior
to 1961 are to be treated as subspecific (and therefore retaining their original
authorship), "unless its author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or
the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an
infrasubspecific entity, in which case it is infrasubspecific" (Art. 45.6.4). It
is unclear whether Fullaway (1934) intended to establish the name
\i{}pukokiana\i0{} at what we currently understand as an infrasubspecific level
or not. Applying the rule broadly, it would be considered a subspecies name.
However, he did explicitly establish \i{}S. freycinetiae matauunaiana\i0{} as a
subspecies, suggesting that he did not consider \i{}S. tauraaiana pukokiana\i0{}
to be so distinct. I am here taking a conservative approach, treating it as a
subspecific name and retaining both the name and authorship>

# \i{}Sierola vitiensis\i0{} <Fullaway, 1920>/
2<\i{}Sierola vitiensis\i0{} Fullaway, 1920:158> 7,5 10,3 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,15
15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,1
32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 39,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 53,3 55,3 56,1
57,1 58,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.40 75,0.72 76,0.82 77,0.53
78,0.58 79,0.63 80,0.91 81,1.87 82,1.16 83,0.41 84,1.83 85,2.31 86,1.50
92<Possibly a Goniuzus (Parasierola)? Marginal cell not quite closed, but very
close>

# \i{}Sierola bounites\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Separated from the other species by the flattened, somewhat quadrate head
which is long behind the eyes. The clypeus is also very strongly rounded and
recurved at the apex in profile. The only species it resembles with this
combination is an undescribed species from the Australian mainland, from which
it is distinguished by the densely setose basal wing cells and less compressed
head> 4<From the Greek \i{}bounites\i0{}, hill-dweller, referring to its
apparent restriction to the uplands of Norfolk Island> 5<Holotype \u9792?.
Norfolk Island, Filmy Fern Walk, NINP, ex pantraps, 29\u176?01'S 167\u176?57'E,
14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC> 6<\b{}Norfolk Island:\b0{}
1\u9792?, same data as holotype, ANIC. 1\u9794?, Anson Bay Reserve, ex ethanol,
29\u176?01'S 167\u176?55'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC.
1\u9792?, Red Road Track, NINP, ex ethanol, 29\u176?01'S 167\u176?57'E, 14
Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC. 1\u9792?, Norfolk I. [no date], A.M.
Lea, SAM 32-42907. 1\u9792?, Norfolk I., [no date], A.M. Lea, SAM 32-42912
[middle card on pin]> 7,9 8,16 10,5 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,5 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,4 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3
58,1 59,9 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.86
75,0.88 76,0.79<0.76-0.82> 77,0.52<0.51-0.54> 78,1.28<1.19-1.42>
79,0.95<0.88-1.00> 80,1.34<1.26-1.43> 81,1.60<1.53-1.63> 82,2.46<2.16-2.59>
83,0.40 84,2.17<2.00-2.18> 85,2.40<2.30-2.48> 86,1.10<0.91-1.10> 87,2.89 88<N =
5> 90<Known only from six specimens from Norfolk Island>

# \i{}Sierola dysmica\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the large complex of species with a sharp clypeal carina which is
evenly curved or slightly recurved at the apex, the head convex dorsally and
ventrally, lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex, and body and mandible black.
Very similar to \i{}S. phillipensis\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the narrower
head (WH/LH ~0.73 vs 0.78\endash{}0.83) and dull, granular frons microsculpture
(coriaceous in \i{}S. phillipensis\i0{})> 4<From the Greek \i{}dysmikos\i0{},
west or sunset, referring to the type locality on the western coast of Norfolk
Island> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Norfolk Island, Anson Bay Reserve, ex ethanol,
29\u176?01'S 167\u176?55'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC> 7,9
8,16 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,13/14 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,2 23,1
24,2 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 41,1
42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,4 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1
61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.61 75,0.79 76,0.73
77,0.49 78,0.83 79,0.81 80,1.02 81,1.69 82,1.65 83,0.35 84,2.10 85,2.10 86,1.00
87,2.77 90<Known only from the unique holotype from Norfolk Island> 92<Although
the differences between this species and \i{}S. phillipensis\i0{} sp. nov. are
relatively slight, the narrower head of \i{}S. dysmica\i0{} sp. nov. creates a
distinctly different appearance (compare Figs. 2A and 6A), and there is no
intergradation with the many specimens of \i{}S. phillipensis\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola idae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Very distinct from the other species by the moderately broad, yellow mandible
and lack of a sharp clypeal carina. This combination is only found elsewhere in
the Oahu species \i{}S. kilohana\i0{} Magnacca, 2020, which differs in having
the clypeus in profile steep and short, clypeal apex truncate, and prothorax
pale> 4<Named for the collector, Ida McComish, who compiled an extensive
collection of the insects of Norfolk Island> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Norfolk Island,
250 ft., 25.VI.1939, I. McComish, beaten from bushes, Brit. Mus.
1940\endash{}154, NHMUK 013379654> 7,9 8,16 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3
17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2-3 31,4 32,1
33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,1 60,1 63,1 65,1 66,6 67,7 68,3 69,1 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1 74,1.80
75,0.86 76,0.80 77,0.54 78,0.94 79,0.82 80,1.15 81,1.69 82,1.70 83,0.36 84,2.38
85,2.83 86,1.23 87,2.63 90<Known only from the unique holotype from Norfolk
Island> 92<The specimen is in somewhat poor condition, with mold growth evident
on setae, but is quite distinct from the other species>

# \i{}Sierola incomitata\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the large complex of species with a sharp clypeal carina which is
evenly curved or slightly recurved at the apex, the head convex dorsally and
ventrally, and body and mandible black. Separated from \i{}S. dysmica\i0{} sp.
nov. and \i{}S. phillipensis\i0{} sp. nov. by having the head moderately
strongly convex dorsally and ventrally, the head deeper (DH/LH ~0.58 vs.
\u8804?0.54), lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex, and lower OOL/WOT
(1.15\endash{}1.45 vs. 1.45\endash{}1.80)> 4<From the Latin
\i{}incomitatus\i0{}, alone or unaccompanied, referring to the single specimen
among multiple of the other species found in the ANIC collection> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Norfolk Island, Point Hunter Reserve, ex ethanol, 29\u176?04'S
167\u176?58'E, 29 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC> 6<\b{}Norfolk Island:\b0{}
1\u9792?, Norfolk I., [no date], A.M. Lea, SAM 32-42912 [top card on pin]> 7,9
8,16 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,1
25,2 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 41,2 42,1 44,1
46,3 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,2 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,9 60,14 61,1 63,1
65,1 66,1 67,8 68,13 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.62 75,0.85 76,0.85<0.82-0.85>
77,0.58<0.54-0.58> 78,0.69<0.69-0.76> 79,0.62<0.62-0.70> 80,1.11<1.08-1.11>
81,1.69<1.69-1.75> 82,1.30 83,0.41 84,2.12<2.12-2.16> 85,2.14<2.14-2.27>
86,0.90<0.90-1.11> 87,2.65 88<N = 2> 90<Known only from two specimens from
Norfolk Island>

# \i{}Sierola longisetae\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the morphogroup with a thin, highly arched clypeal carina and
elongate, conspicuous setae along the vertex and genal margins. Distinguished
from similar species by the long setae of the metasomal sternites; this
character is found in many undescribed Australian species, but they lack a sharp
clypeal carina and differ in other respects. Also easily recognized among the
Norfolk species by the elongate eyes with the head short behind> 4<Referring to
the elongate setae of the head and metasoma> 5<Holotype \u9792?. Philip Island,
between Red Road & Whitewood Valleys, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24
Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC> 6<\b{}Norfolk Island:\b0{} 1\u9792? 1\u9794?,
Rocky Point Reserve, Malaise trap/ethanol, 29\u176?03'S 167\u176?55'E, 14
Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann. \b{}Phillip Island:\b0{} 1\u9792?, Upper
Long Valley, malaise trap, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 26 Mar\endash{}2 Apr
1984, D.C.F. Rentz. 1\u9794?, Upper Long Valley, ex ethanol, 29\u176?07'S
167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann. 2\u9792?, Rocky Valley, ex
ethanol, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann (all
ANIC)> 7,9 8,16 10,1 11,1 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2
22,2 23,4 24,6 25,2-3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 32,3 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3
38,6 39,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,2 59,13 60,5 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,1.96
75,1.04 76,0.86<0.85-0.87> 77,0.52<0.52-0.54> 78,0.42<0.42-0.50>
79,0.43<0.43-0.50> 80,0.99<0.98-1.01> 81,1.68<1.67-1.74> 82,0.93<0.89-0.95>
83,0.41 84,1.84<1.81-1.85> 85,2.07<2.00-2.08> 86,1.33<1.30-1.43> 87,3.01 88<N =
5> 89<Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head distinctly broader,
WH/LH 0.91\endash{}0.94, and more rounded in dorsal view. Clypeal carina sharp
but not thin and laminar; in profile evenly curved, apical angle acute. Frons
somewhat sparsely punctate, 2\endash{}3 pit widths apart or more. Eye setae
short and inconspicuous. Elongate setae of metasomal sternites 4\endash{}6
present but not as distinct, only 2\endash{}3 times as long as other setae.
Apical half of mandible yellow, grading to black at base. Basal cells of fore
wing sparsely setose. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting
anterior wing margin at right angle> 90<Found on both Norfolk and Phillip
Islands; uncommon, known from only six specimens>

# \i{}Sierola phillipensis\i0{} <Magnacca, 2024>/
3<Belonging to the large complex of species with a sharp clypeal carina which is
evenly curved or slightly recurved at the apex, the head convex dorsally and
ventrally, lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex, and body and mandible black.
Very similar to \i{}S. dysmica\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the broader head
(WH/LH 0.78\endash{}0.83 vs ~0.73) and coriaceous frons microsculpture (dull and
granular in \i{}S. dysmica\i0{})> 4<Named for Phillip Island (spelled Philip on
the collection labels), where this species is found abundantly> 5<Holotype
\u9792?. Philip Island, Upper Long Valley, ex ethanol, 29\u176?07'S
167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann, ANIC> 6<\b{}Norfolk
Island:\b0{} 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Anson Bay Reserve, ex ethanol, 29\u176?01'S
167\u176?55'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792?, Red Road
Track, NINP, ex ethanol, 29\u176?01'S 167\u176?57'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984,
I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792? 1\u9794?, Bullocks Hut Rd., NINP, ex ethanol,
29\u176?01'S 167\u176?56'E, 20 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792?, nr. Highlands
Guesthouse, stop 1, swimming pool, 29\u176?02'S 167\u176?57'E, 26 Mar\endash{}2
Apr 1984, D.C.F. Rentz. 1\u9792?, Highlands Guesthouse, 29\u176?02'S
167\u176?57'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec 1984, T.A. Weir. 1\u9792?, Rocky Point
Reserve, Malaise trap/ethanol, 29\u176?03'S 167\u176?55'E, 14 Nov\endash{}2 Dec
1984, I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792?, Point Hunter Reserve, ex ethanol, 29\u176?04'S
167\u176?58'E, 29 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann (all above ANIC). 4\u9792?, Norfolk I.,
[no date], A.M. Lea, SAM 32-42906 [all four on one card, two missing heads].
1\u9792?, Norfolk I., [no date], A.M. Lea, SAM 32-42912 [bottom card on pin].
1\u9792?, Norfolk I., Rotting Leaves, [no date], A.M. Lea, SAM 32-42914.
\b{}Phillip Island:\b0{} 1\u9792?, Upper Long Valley, pan trap, 29\u176?07'S
167\u176?57'E, 26 Mar\endash{}2 Apr 1984, D.C.F. Rentz. 1\u9792?, Upper Long
Valley, sweeping Lagunaria, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 26 Mar\endash{}2 Apr
1984, D.C.F. Rentz. 1\u9792?, Upper Long Valley, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 26
Mar\endash{}2 Apr 1984, J.E. Feehan. 1\u9794?, Upper Long Valley, malaise trap,
29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 26 Mar\endash{}2 Apr 1984, D.C.F. Rentz. 5\u9792?
4\u9794?, Long Valley, ex ethanol, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov
1984, I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792?, Lower Long Valley, ex ethanol, 29\u176?07'S
167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann. 2\u9792?, Lower Long
Valley, Malaise trap/ethanol, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov
1984, I.D. Naumann. 3\u9792? 5\u9794?, Upper Long Valley, ex ethanol,
29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D. Naumann. 1\u9792?,
Upper Long Valley, pitfall trap under \i{}Hibiscus insularis\i0{}, 29\u176?07'S
167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, T.A. Weir. 1\u9792? 2\u9794?, Whitewood
Valley, ex ethanol, 29\u176?07'S 167\u176?57'E, 20\endash{}24 Nov 1984, I.D.
Naumann (all above ANIC)> 7,9 8,16 10,4-5 11,3 12,2 13,3 14,10-11 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,7 29,1 30,4-3 31,1 32,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,1 53,2-3
54,2 55,3 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,13 69,1 70,1 71,5
72,1 73,1 74,1.65 75,0.83 76,0.81<0.79-0.83> 77,0.52<0.50-0.53>
78,0.79<0.67-0.81> 79,0.70<0.62-0.74> 80,1.12<1.00-1.12> 81,1.65<1.62-1.75>
82,1.59<1.39-1.59> 83,0.33 84,1.88<1.88-2.00> 85,2.05<1.91-2.14>
86,0.93<0.80-1.00> 87,2.75 88<N = 12> 89<Generally similar to female, with the
following exceptions. Clypeal process shorter, semi-elliptical, in profile
somewhat steeply curved, apical angle acute. Fore femur moderately expanded,
about twice as long as wide. Mandible pale yellow-white, narrowly black at base.
Fore femur predominantly yellow, brown dorsally and ventrally> 90<Found
abundantly on both Norfolk and Phillip Islands> 92<This species varies
considerably in size, but there are not any clear correlates in morphometric
variation. Specimens from Norfolk have EV/HE slightly less than those from
Phillip, but the range across all specimens is relatively narrow and well within
that seen in species from elsewhere. All appear to represent the same species,
which is by far the most abundant in the islands>

# \i{}Sierola angulata\i0{} <(Muesebeck, 1933)>/
2<\i{}Perisierola angulata\i0{} Muesebeck, 1933: 53> 7,10 8,9 10,3 11,2 12,2
21,1 24,3 25,2/3 26,1 29,1 31,2 33,1 37,1 47,1 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 59,2
60,5 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,2 69,3 70,2 71,7 72,4 73,3

# \i{}Sierola ellingtoni\i0{} <Gordh, 1998>/
2<\i{}Sierola ellingtoni\i0{} Gordh, 1988:83> 7,10 8,14 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,2/3
14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,5 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 31,1
33,1 34,2 36,2 37,3 41,1 42,2 46,2 47,2 48,1 53,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 61,3
63,1 65,11 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,2 74,1.66 75,0.88 76,0.91 77,0.56
78,0.52 79,0.47 80,1.11 81,1.71 82,1.11 83,0.38 84,1.85 85,2.11 86,1.00

# \i{}Sierola larifuga\i0{} <Evans, 1978>/
1<Figure 27J\endash{}L, Map 21> 2<\i{}Sierola larifuga\i0{} Evans,
1978:223\par{}> 3<Fitting among the large group of species with a sharp, evenly
curved clypeal carina and densely setose basal wing cells. Not particularly
distinctive but easily recognized by the combination of the frons narrow (WF/HE
0.99-1.07), dull and granular with dense punctation between the eyes, A3 short
(as wide or wider than long), fore femora expanded (FL/FW 1.75-2.00), and
metasoma smooth and polished except at the lateral margins of terga. Closest to
\i{}S. kaala\i0{}, which differs in the microreticulate metasoma and broader
frons (WF/HE 1.15-1.25 and OOL/WOT 1.25-1.45); and \i{}S. fuliginosa\i0{}, which
has the head and frons wider (WH/LH 0.89-0.92, WF/HE 1.15-1.25) and A3 elongate,
1.4-1.8 times as long as wide> 5<Holotype \u9792?. USA, California: Anaheim,
Orange Co, Cal., 6 Oct 1965, McPhail trap - Orange, C. Johnson collector, CAS
Type No. 13370> 7,1/10 8,1/2/5/7 10,4 11,3 12,2 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,4/6 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,1 33,1 34,2 35,1
36,2 37,3 38,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 53,2 55,1/2 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2
61,3 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,1 74,1.67 75,0.88 76,0.84<0.81-0.87>
77,0.56<0.54-0.57> 78,0.63<0.58-0.71> 79,0.63<0.56-0.69> 80,1.00<0.99-1.06>
81,1.74<1.69-1.80> 82,1.19<1.11-1.23> 83,0.38 84,1.96<1.75-2.00>
85,2.19<1.84-2.20> 86,1.00<0.77-1.00> 88<N = 20> 90<Taken rarely but widely in
agricultural fields on at least O\lquote{}ahu, Maui, and Hawai\lquote{}i. In
addition, one individual was collected in a light trap near the coast at
\lquote{}Ewa, and one each at the summits of Ka\lquote{}ala and Pu\lquote{}u
Kaua in the Wai\lquote{}anae range. A series of three individuals was collected
at Midway Atoll> 91<Found on coffee farms as well as in native forest and
disturbed coastal and lowland areas> 92<This species was originally described
from California, but I have been unable to determine if it has been collected
there recently. It is unclear whether it was introduced from California to
Hawai\lquote{}i or vice versa; it may originally be from Australia, as it is
very similar to \i{}S. ellingtoni\i0{} Gordh. They appear to differ only in the
slightly narrower fore femur and broader head of \i{}S. ellingtoni\i0{};
however, I have only examined one specimen of that species, and more comparison
may show them to be conspecific. A tremendous number of undescribed Australian
\i{}Sierola\i0{} species are present in collections, probably at least 200. The
possibility that it is a Hawaiian species cannot yet be eliminated, as it is
also extremely similar to the native \i{}S. kaala\i0{}. At least one Hawaiian
endemic, \i{}S. acuta\i0{}, appears to have adapted to introduced agricultural
pests, and it is not inconceivable that having done so, they would spread to
other areas with that pest. The broad elevational and climate distribution is
extremely unusual, but not unheard of; subfossil specimens from near-coastal
Makauwahi cave on Kaua\lquote{}i (N. Porch, pers. comm.) appear to match an
undescribed species collected recently in montane areas of that island. The
population on Midway is unquestionably introduced. The Hawaiian specimens
exhibit a similar range of variation in head width (WH/LH 0.81-0.87) to that
described by Evans (1978) among seven specimens collected in California (WH/LH
0.82-0.88), but are most frequently on the narrower end; nearly all are
0.82-0.85>

# \i{}Sierola websteri\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
2<\i{}Sierola websteri\i0{} Ashmead, 1901:329> 7,10 8,9 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,5 14,5
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 31,1 33,1
34,1 36,1 37,3 41,2 42,5 43,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,2 63,1
65,5 66,1 67,2 69,2 70,1 71,1 74,1.51 75,0.83 76,0.84 77,0.57 78,0.85 79,0.78
80,1.09 81,1.73 82,1.27 83,0.30 84,2.09 92<The holotype specimen is squashed
flat from the propodeum back; most tibiae and nearly all tarsi are missing, and
the setation of the wing cells is difficult to determine>

# \i{}Sierola abrupta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 7, 14> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the unusual clypeus which
is moderately short but broadened laterally in front of the antennal sockets,
the lateral margin rounded with a constriction between the anterior clypeal
projection and posterior lateral lobe. This is shared only with its sibling
species \i{}S. curtirostris\i0{} sp. nov., which differs in having the clypeus
elongate with the apex strongly acute in profile, head flatter (DH/LH 0.51 vs.
0.57), and basal wing cells sparsely setose> 4<From the Latin \i{}abrupta\i0{},
broken or cut off, referring to the truncate clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Bellingham; 41.016\u176? S, 147.197\u176? E; Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.;
Malaise trap; TMAG F153001> 7,10 8,12 10,17 11,5 12,3<blunt apically> 13,5 14,5
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3<coarser posteriorly> 26,1
27,1 28,7 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,3 42,1
44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,3 54,1 55,1 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,9 63,1
65,4 66,1 67,9 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,4 72,1 73,1 74,1.88 75,0.91 76,0.86 77,0.57
78,0.72 79,0.68 80,1.06 81,1.79 82,1.46 83,0.41 84,2.21 85,2.20 86,1.13 87,2.58
90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola acrobeles\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 8, 10> 3<An unusual species, distinguished by the combination of glabrous
basal wing cells, the head strongly flattened (DH/LH ~0.41) but slightly convex
dorsally, and clypeus triangular, apically pointed and dorsally with a rounded
carina. The clypeus is also elongate and strongly acute apically in profile,
unlike in members of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group which have it rounded and/or
short and steep> 4<From the Greek \i{}acrobeles\i0{}, sharp-pointed, referring
to the elongate, pointed, triangular clypeus and flattened head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Pilliga Scrub, via Coonabarabran; 15 Dec. 1976; I. Naumann leg.;
beating and sweeping; dry sclerophyll forest; QM T262150> 7,10 8,9 10,1 11,1
12,2/7 13,4 14,14 15,12 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,4 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2
28,4 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,10 41,1 42,5
43,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,5 50,2 51,1 52,4 53,2 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1
61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.38 75,0.80 76,0.84
77,0.41 78,0.90 79,0.76 80,1.19 81,1.70 82,1.75 83,0.33 84,2.50 85,1.95 86,1.00
87,2.86 90<New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in semi-arid
woodland> 92<The combination of narrow fore femora and broad hind femora is very
unusual; in most species the fore femur is broader or only slightly narrower>

# \i{}Sierola acta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 9, 10> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the basal wing cells nearly
glabrous, clypeus short and semi-elliptical, and head moderately deep and convex
dorsally and ventrally. Separated from similar species by the distinct malar
space, slightly twisted mandible, and dorsal propodeum with a broad polished
strip extending the full length. The clypeus is also only very weakly curved in
profile, apically strongly acute, with the dorsal ridge effaced apically>
4<Named for the Australian Capital Territory, to which this species is so far
limited> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Blundells Ck; 35\u176?22' S, 148\u176?50' E;
Feb. 1987; D.H. Colless leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol; ANIC 32-154806>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9794?; Canberra; 17 Dec. 1980; D.F. Rentz leg.; in
pool; ANIC> 7,10 8,10 10,5 11,4 12,6 13,4 14,13 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,4-5 22,4 23,11 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,3 38,2 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,2 53,2 54,5 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,7 60,1 61,10 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1
73,1 74,1.71 75,0.90 76,0.83 77,0.54 78,0.66 79,0.66 80,1.00 81,1.83 82,1.53
83,0.41 84,1.88 85,2.36 86,1.23 87,3.07 90<Australian Capital Territory; known
only from the holotype and a tentatively associated male>

# \i{}Sierola adducta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 10, 11> 3<A very distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of
the head narrow, compressed, and dorsally flat on the posterior half; clypeus
elongate in profile, apex strongly acute, dorsally with a low carina; and
mandible parallel-sided. Vein Rs of the fore wing also ends well short of the
anterior wing margin> 4<From the Latin \i{}adductus\i0{}, stretched, referring
to the elongate head> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Chalamar [=Chelmer?]; 5 Sep. 1979; G.
Gordh, C. Dahma leg.; UCRC 556765> 7,10 8,8 10,3 11,3 12,18 13,11 14,9 15,4 16,2
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,3
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,2 53,2
54,2 55,7 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,9 60,8 61,13 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,3 70,1
71,7 72,1 73,4 74,1.80 75,0.91 76,0.76 77,0.43 78,0.78 79,0.78 80,1.00 81,1.78
82,1.76 83,0.35 84,1.94 85,2.13 86,1.00 87,2.92 90<Queensland; known only from
the holotype, probably collected near Brisbane (see comments)> 92<The Rs vein is
unusually short and the palpi cannot be fully seen, so it is possible that this
species could be a member of \i{}Goniozus\i0{}. However, the palpi appear to be
4/2 with an elongate terminal segment of the maxillary palp (characteristic of
\i{}Sierola\i0{}), and \i{}Goniozus\i0{} with a closed cell 1M
(\ldblquote{}\i{}Parasierola\i0{}\rdblquote{}) are rare in Australia, so it is
placed here. The type locality is uncertain as I can find no place called
Chalamar in Queensland or Australia as a whole; it is likely a misspelling of
the Brisbane suburb of Chelmer, as many of Gordh\rquote{}s other collections
come from Indooroopilly just across the river>

# \i{}Sierola adelaidensis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 10, 12> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head flat
dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short.
Nearly identical to \i{}S. comparata\i0{} sp. nov. of Victoria, distinguished
from others by having the vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli
and mandible strongly convex outwardly. Separated by the more elongate and
rounded clypeus which is not recurved ventrally, the more ventrally concave
mandible, and head shorter posterior of the eye> 4<Named for the collecting
locality of the holotype> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Adelaide; SAMA 32-42923> 7,10 8,13 10,5 11,3
12,17 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2/3 26,1
28,7 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4/5 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,5
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,2 59,2 60,10 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1
70,1 71,3<?> 72,1 73,1 74,1.85 75,1.01 76,0.75 77,0.49 78,0.91 79,0.90 80,1.01
81,1.74 82,1.73 83,0.34 84,2.06 85,2.14 86,0.93 87,2.67 90<South Australia;
known only from the holotype, collected in Adelaide> 92<The holotype was
originally mounted in dense glue and has been remounted. The basal wing cells
lack setae but appear to have been abraded and the actual setation is unclear>

# \i{}Sierola adversa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 13, 14> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of very
broad, parallel-sided, slightly twisted mandible; lateral ocelli separated from
the vertex by about their length; sparsely setose basal wing cells; and somewhat
short clypeus, weakly curved in profile with the apical angle acute. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. cremnophila\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the distinctly
curved anterior clypeal margin, dull, somewhat papillate frons sculpture, and
greater OOL/WOT> 4<From the Latin \i{}adversus\i0{}, against or opposite,
referring to the collection of the holotype on the north end of King Island away
from the others taken there, and facing mainland Australia>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; King Is., Martha Lavinia Rd., heathland; 39.6567\u176? S,
144.0678\u176? E; 18 Dec 2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap
series 3; TMAG F152998> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4 12,17 13,2 14,2 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,3 52,5 53,2 54,2 55,7
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,17 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1
73,3 74,2.25 75,1.01 76,0.86 77,0.57 78,0.71 79,0.67 80,1.07 81,1.75 82,1.88
83,0.39 84,2.07 85,2.12 86,1.00 87,2.67 90<Tasmania; known only from the
holotype, collected on King Island> 92<This and its sister species \i{}S.
cremnophila\i0{} sp. nov. may be divergent members of the \i{}cuneata\i0{}
species group; they resemble many of those species in the broad mandible and
angulate clypeal apex in lateral view, but lack the enlarged clypeus typical of
the group. The existence of two such similar species so widely separated
suggests that more in this complex remain to be discovered>

# \i{}Sierola allithoros\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 10, 15> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Forming a
species pair with \i{}S. campanula\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the frons
very narrow (WF/HE ~0.8), clypeus with a low but distinct medial carina and
broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or emarginate, vein Rs
ending short of the anterior wing margin, and S5 with a pair of elongate setae.
Separated by having the mandible reddish brown and slightly twisted, propodeum
with the median carina faint, and fore femur mostly yellow> 4<From the Greek
\i{}allithoros\i0{}, cross-eyed or squinting, from the dorsally close eyes. It
is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Upper Clayton Gully, nr.
Cunningham\rquote{}s Gap; elev. 400\endash{}600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann
leg.; sweeping long grass; wet sclerophyll forest; QM T262151>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
2 \u9792?\u9792?, 1 \u9794?; Hat Head; 31.0626\u176? S, 153.052\u176? E; elev.
37 m; 4\endash{}18 Feb. 2018; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise Trap, Trap {}#3; BOLD:
NSWHO3417-18, NSWHO3816-18, NSWHO3706-18, BIN ADV9054; ANIC. \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Corroy [sic: Cooroy]; 15 Sep. 1979; G.
Gordh leg.; UCRC 401812 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Acacia Ridge nr. Brisbane; 13 Dec.
1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556776> 7,10 8,8/9 10,4 11,4 12,11 13,4 14,3 15,2 16,2
17,6 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,11 24,1 25,3/4 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,2 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,2 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2
52,1 53,4 54,3 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,7 60,16 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,18 68,1
69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.15 75,0.62<0.59-0.69> 76,0.74<0.70-0.74>
77,0.52<0.50-0.52> 78,0.70<0.64-0.76> 79,0.88<0.84-1.00> 80,0.79<0.76-0.84>
81,2.18<2.05-2.24> 82,1.71<1.67-1.88> 83,0.40 84,1.96<1.96-2.08>
85,2.16<2.00-2.33> 86,0.83<0.83-1.00> 87,3.14 88<N = 5> 89<Similar to female
with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Generally shorter and more
compact. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex very broadly rounded or truncate;
in profile distinctly curved. Frons punctation sparse. Ocellar triangle front
angle weakly acute. Antenna longer, extending to posterior margin of pronotum.
\i{}Color\i0{}. All coxae and femora brown; tibiae tinged with brown medially.
\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.07 mm; LM 0.57 mm; WH/LH 0.87; DH/LH 0.60;
EV/HE 0.62; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.98; OOL/WOT 1.20; DM/LM 0.41;
HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/W 1.00; 2R1 L/W 2.72> 90<Queensland and New South Wales;
known from several collections in the eastern forest zone> 92<This species and
\i{}S. campanula\i0{} sp. nov. appear to form a closely related allopatric
species pair, although relatively few collections are available for each. In
both the clypeus is shorter than in other species of this complex, so they are
keyed out twice>

# \i{}Sierola alveolata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 16, 20> 3<An unusual species, resembling some members of the
\i{}compressa\i0{} species group in the broad frons (WF/HE 1.23\endash{}1.35),
short, broad clypeus, and broad hind femur, but with the head slightly convex
dorsally and distinctly convex ventrally> 4<From the Greek \i{}alveolus\i0{},
streambed or furrow, referring to the many small gullies around the type
locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Samsonvale Cemetery, Dayboro 8.5 km SSE; 27\u176?16' S,
152\u176?52' E; elev. 50 m; 12 Aug. 1998; C.J. Burwell leg.; sweeping, 50119; QM
T262152> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; N. Pine River; 4 Nov. 1928; H. Hacker leg.; QM \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Drapers Crossing, South Pine River, 4 km NE Samford; 27\u176?21' S,
152\u176?55' E; 13 Apr. 1996; C.J. Burwell, S. Evans leg.; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,5-4
11,3 12,17 13,2/3 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,1
26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,2<weakly
differentiated> 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,3 55,1 56,1
57,2 58,2 59,2 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,7 72,1 73,1
74,2.20 75,1.16<1.01-1.16> 76,0.93<0.93-0.97> 77,0.54<0.52-0.54>
78,0.73<0.64-0.73> 79,0.54<0.52-0.56> 80,1.35<1.23-1.35> 81,1.60<1.60-1.67>
82,1.52<1.44-1.52> 83,0.35 84,1.90<1.80-1.93> 85,2.00<1.96-2.00>
86,1.00<0.91-1.11> 87,2.42 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known from three collections
near Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola ambitiosa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 17, 41> 3<Differing from most other species by the combination of basal
wing cells sparsely setose, mandible moderately broad and distinctly concave
ventrally, and clypeus semicircular. Forming a species pair with \i{}S.
isolata\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the head moderately compressed (DH/LH
~0.50), vertex slightly bulging and carinate between the lateral ocelli, and the
mandible broadest at about 2/3 its length and slightly narrowed at the apex.
Separated by having the legs predominantly yellow and OOL/WOT greater,
1.60\endash{}1.70 vs. ~1.43> 4<From the Latin \i{}ambitiosus\i0{}, desiring
excessively, referring to the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Luster Ck., 8km WbyN Mt Molloy;
21\endash{}22 May 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection;
ANIC 32-154807> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 10km NW Ellis Beach; 16\u176?40' S, 145\u176?34' E; 20 Apr.
1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,4 11,3 12,17 13,2 14,26 15,1 16,4 17,3
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,7 28,7 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2
35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,1 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3
54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,11 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,18/1 68,1 69,1 70,1
71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.36 75,0.75 76,0.79 77,0.51 78,0.54 79,0.63 80,0.86 81,1.95
82,1.60 83,0.33 84,1.91 85,1.90 86,1.00 87,2.92 90<Queensland; known from two
specimens collected on the north coast> 92<This species is very similar to
\i{}S. isolata\i0{} sp. nov. and they may represent a single widespread species.
However, only three specimens combined are available, from opposite sides of the
continent. Given the differences in color and head shape, I have decided to keep
them as separate species. The form of the mandible is unusual; the only species
with a somewhat similar form is the unrelated \i{}S. gudang\i0{} sp. nov., which
has the ventral margin weakly concave and is otherwise very different>

# \i{}Sierola amphilyke\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 14, 18> 3<Among species with the head convex and setose basal wing cells,
distinguished by the combination of a short, almost transverse clypeus which is
evenly sloping in profile, and ocellar triangle right with lateral ocelli nearly
touching the vertex crest. Closest to \i{}S. exleyae\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S.
nauo\i0{} sp. nov., both of which have the clypeus distinctly curved in profile>
4<From the Greek \i{}amphilyke\i0{}, gray of dawn, referring to the collection
of the holotype on the easternmost coast of Tasmania>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 13 km S Falmouth; 41\u176?32' S, 148\u176?16' E; 6 Feb. 1992; C.J.
Burwell leg.; ex ethanol; QM T262153> 7,10 8,12 10,5-6 11,4-5 12,17
13,4<slightly curved> 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1
25,2 26,1 27,3 28,1 29,1 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3
41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,2 53,3 54,12 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1
61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.49 75,0.72 76,0.86
77,0.58 78,0.73 79,0.71 80,1.03 81,1.79 82,1.37 83,0.45 84,2.10 85,2.22 86,0.93
87,2.25 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype, collected on the northeast
coast>

# \i{}Sierola amputator\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 19, 20> 3<Belonging to the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group, having the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Distinguished from most related species by
the obtuse ocellar triangle, reddish brown mandible, and broad hind femur.
Closest to \i{}S. megamera\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the more densely punctate
frons and narrower head (WH/LH ~0.79) which is more quadrate in dorsal view, the
posterior corners distinct> 4<From the Latin \i{}amputatus\i0{}, cut off,
referring to the severed tibia and tarsus of another insect grasped in the
mandibles of the holotype. It is a noun in apposition>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 24km WbyN Lock; 33\u176?32' S, 135\u176?30' E; 30 Nov. 1992; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; flowers \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; ANIC 32-154808> 7,10
8,13 10,4 11,3 12,17/2 13,2/3 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3
23,13<largely impunctate around median ocellus> 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6
31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,16 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,5 45,4 46,3
47,3 48,3 50,2 51,3 52,4 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,16
66,3 67,7 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.45 75,0.79 76,0.79 77,0.37 78,0.90
79,0.79 80,1.14 81,1.67 82,1.29 83,0.22 84,2.01 85,1.77 86,0.60 87,2.64 90<South
Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola ancognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 20, 21> 3<Forming a distinctive species pair with \i{}S. strigula\i0{}
sp. nov., sharing the strongly convex dorsum of the head, strongly elbowed
mandible with a large ventral tooth, strongly acute clypeus in profile, and
nearly glabrous basal wing cells. Separated by the twisted mandible which is
narrowed apically in frontal view, head evenly convex ventrally rather than
slightly angulate, and typical frons microsculpture, more or less even with the
punctation distinct> 4<From the Greek \i{}ankos\i0{}, bend, + \i{}gnathos\i0{},
jaw, referring to the bent mandible> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Congo, 8km SEbyE of
Moruya; 35\u176?58' S, 150\u176?09' E; 26 Mar.\endash{}3 Apr. 1982; M.S. Upton
leg.; Window trap; ANIC 32-154809> 7,10 8,9 10,1 11,2 12,17 13,11 14,14 15,5
16,4 17,3 18,3 19,3 20,4 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,4-5 31,1
32,1 33,2 34,2 35,3 36,1 37,3 38,6 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,2 44,2 46,4 47,2 48,2 50,1
51,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,13
69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.51 75,0.82 76,0.76 77,0.52 78,0.50 79,0.63 80,0.79
81,1.94 82,1.15 83,0.40 84,1.92 85,2.35 86,1.32 87,2.57 90<New South Wales;
known only from the holotype, collected near the coast> 92<This species is
remarkably similar to \i{}S. strigula\i0{} sp. nov. and they likely co-occur,
but the differences in the mandible and frons sculpture are very distinct>

# \i{}Sierola antipoda\i0{} <Ashmead, 1901>/
1<Figs 20, 22> 2<\i{}Sierola antipoda\i0{} Ashmead,
1901:328\par{}\par{}\i{}Sierola antipoda\i0{} \endash{} Magnacca, 2019:14, Fig.
1 (redescription)> 3<Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat
head, separated from the \i{}compressa\i0{} group by the relatively long,
narrow, quadrate head. Closest to \i{}S. scutula\i0{} sp. nov., distinguished by
the densely setose basal wing cells, moderately broad mandible which is
distinctly concave ventrally, coriaceous frons microsculpture, and head shorter
behind the eyes> 5<\b{}Lectotype\b0{} (here designated)\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Sydney; W.W. Froggatt leg.; USNM>
6<\b{}Other material\b0{}\par{}\b{}Paralectotypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as lectotype;
USNM> 7,10 8,9 10,6 11,5 12,3 13,5 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4
23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 33,4 34,4 36,2 37,5 41,2 42,1 43,1
46,3 47,1 48,2 53,2 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,16 69,1 70,2 71,1
74,1.44 75,0.78 76,0.72 77,0.40 78,0.94 79,1.03 80,0.91 81,1.87 82,1.40 83,0.27
84,2.30 90<New South Wales; known only from the type series, collected near
Sydney> 91<The original description says \ldblquote{}Host\emdash{}Dipt.:
\i{}Cecidomyia\i0{} [=\i{}Dasineura\i0{}]\i{} frauenfeldi\i0{}, a species
forming soft red galls on \i{}Melaleuca\i0{} (W. W. Froggatt),\rdblquote{} but
this seems extremely unlikely. No bethylid is known to attack Diptera larvae,
and the adult fly is only about as large as an adult wasp. The galls formed by
this species are large cone-like bud galls (Kolesik & Gagn\u233? 2016), and
could be inhabited by inquiline caterpillars as commonly occurs in the galls of
North American \i{}Dasineura\i0{} (Dorchin et al. 2007). The general morphology
of \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} is similar to that of species reared from leaf miners,
but this form could also be adapted to squeezing between the leaves of bud
galls. Santhosh (2017) has also reared \i{}Sierola\i0{} from galls in India. In
that case the galls were induced by thrips and the true host being attacked by
the wasps is unknown as well. Ashmead\rquote{}s later reference to this species
being present in New Zealand (Ashmead 1901, p. 287) is undoubtedly an error, as
it repeats both the host and collector name from the description; \i{}D.
frauenfeldi\i0{} is endemic to Australia. The species recorded in New Zealand
under this name by Ward (2013) is \i{}S. houdiniae\i0{} Magnacca (Magnacca,
2019)> 92<Ashmead (1901) states that this was described from four specimens, but
only three could be found at USNM. The specimen in the type collection is
heavily damaged \endash{} the mesosoma is glued to a point, a gelatin vial
contains the metasoma, and another vial in the tray presumably had the head but
is empty. Two syntypes are in the regular collection (with type labels). One has
the mouthparts obscured by glue, while the other has all characters clearly
visible. The latter was used for description and measurements (the redescription
and comments are repeated here from Magnacca, 2019), and is here designated as
the lectotype>

# \i{}Sierola aphelops\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 23, 28> 3<Recognizably by the combination of nearly glabrous basal wing
cells, strongly acute ocellar triangle, and head convex dorsally and long
posterior of the eye (EV/HE \u8805?0.85, OOL/WOT \u8805?2.00). Closest to \i{}S.
miltos\i0{} sp. nov., differing in having the head less elongate posterior of
the eye, cell 1M more triangular, propodeum with a narrow median polished line,
and head and body not so flattened> 4<From the Greek \i{}aphelos\i0{}, smooth or
polished, + \i{}ops\i0{}, face or appearance, referring to the smooth head of
this species> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; near Renmark, Calperum Station, Primary Site;
34.0542\u176? S, 140.6194\u176? E; elev. 50 m; 12\endash{}19 Feb. 2015; P. Cale
leg.; Malaise Trap, Fire Jan 2014, 850m unburnt mallee in all directions; ANIC
32-154810; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG36596-D11, process ID GMASC980-17, BIN ADL9358>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Esperance; 33\u176?35' S, 121\u176?46' E; 28 Dec. 1994;
R.B. & L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC> 7,10 8,13/14 10,5 11,3
12,17/2 13,3 14,4 15,2 16,4 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,9-8 24,1 25,4-5
26,2 28,1 29,3 30,2-1 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,1 39,1 40,19 41,3
42,5 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,3 54,11 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,9 60,1 61,1
63,1 65,2 66,13 67,8 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,3 73,2 74,2.09 75,1.07 76,0.77
77,0.51 78,0.96 79,0.83 80,1.15 81,1.67 82,2.07 83,0.38 84,2.29 85,2.38 86,1.08
87,2.86 90<South Australia and Western Australia; known from two widely
separated specimens> 92<The paratype from Western Australia has the femora
somewhat broader, but is otherwise identical>

# \i{}Sierola apimelos\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 24, 26> 3<Body distinctly flattened and head more or less flat dorsally
and ventrally, differing from species of the compressa group in having frons
much narrower and head more blocky in lateral view. Probably most closely
related to \i{}S. scutula\i0{} sp. nov., but that species has a distinctly
different appearance, with the head elongate posterior of the eyes and quadrate
in dorsal view. The reddish brown mandible and nearly glabrous basal wing cells
also serve to distinguish it. The vertex crest is narrowly carinate between the
lateral ocelli, another uncommon character not found in other flattened species>
4<From the Greek \i{}apimelos\i0{}, lean, referring to the small size and thin
body> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territory\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 2 km S. Nourangie [sic: Nourlangie] Camp; 18 Nov. 1992; P.C.
Dangerfield & J. Lloyd leg.; SAMA> 7,10 8,15 10,4-5 11,3 12,3 13,3 14,12 15,1
16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,9/10 24,1 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,7 29,1 30,5-6
31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,4 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,2 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,4
47,2 48,3 50,5 51,3 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,6 63,1 65,18
66,3 67,8 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.11 75,0.63 76,0.81 77,0.44 78,0.68
79,0.79 80,0.86 81,1.88 82,1.19 83,0.28 84,2.07 85,1.87 86,1.00 87,2.78
90<Northern Territory; known only from the holotype, collected in Kakadu
National Park>

# \i{}Sierola augustus\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 25, 26> 3<Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head,
separated from the \i{}compressa\i0{} group by the relatively long, quadrate
head. Distinguished from other similar species by having the ocellar triangle
strongly acute, basal wing cells nearly glabrous, and lateral ocelli separated
from the vertex crest by less than their length> 4<Named for the type locality.
It is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Augustus Island CALM Site 26/1;
15\u176?25' S, 124\u176?38' E; 11\endash{}16 Jun. 1988; I.D. Naumann leg.; open
forest; ANIC 32-154811> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Hwy 1, Townsville-Bowen; 30 Aug. 1986;
E.A. Sugden leg.; [car net?]; UCDC> 7,10 8,8/14 10,5-6 11,4 12,17 13,2 14,11
15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1
32,3 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,5 46,4 47,2 48,2
50,2 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,11 61,3 63,1 65,13 66,1
67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.35 75,0.75 76,0.77 77,0.41 78,1.03
79,1.03 80,1.00 81,1.87 82,2.33 83,0.30 84,2.17 85,2.04 86,0.80 87,2.67
90<Western Australia and Queensland; known from one specimen each> 92<The
paratype from the Queensland coast has the head slightly broader and OOL/WOT
less, but is otherwise identical>

# \i{}Sierola aulacifrons\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 27, 28> 3<Forming a species complex with \i{}S. bicarinata\i0{} sp. nov.
and \i{}S. bifida\i0{} sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina.
Differing from those two closely-related species in many respects, most
obviously the clypeal carinae widely separate, diverging abruptly at the base
and more or less parallel; mandible convex on the apical half but not twisted;
vein Rs not reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 open; and basal wing cells setose>
4<From the Latin\i{} aulacis\i0{}, furrow, + \i{}frons\i0{}, front, referring to
the grooved clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South
Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Hat Head National Park, Hat Head; 31.063\u176? S,
153.052\u176? E; elev. 37 m; 20\endash{}27 Dec. 2012; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise
Trap; ANIC 32-154812; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG15786-G01, process ID AUSMA313-14,
BIN ACP9760> 7,10 8,9 10,4 11,3 12,25 13,4 14,3 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,2 22,4 23,8 24,2 25,4 26,2 28,1 29,3 30,3 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3
38,1 39,1 40,3 41,7 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,8 50,1 52,5 53,2 54,7 55,1 56,1 57,1
58,2 59,13 60,5 61,3 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,2/6 72,2 73,3
74,2.38 75,1.30 76,0.92 77,0.49 78,0.37 79,0.40 80,0.94 81,1.83 82,1.41 83,0.36
84,1.69 85,1.74 86,1.00 87,3.07 90<New South Wales; known only from the
holotype, collected near the coast>

# \i{}Sierola badiorostris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 14, 29> 3<Forming a species pair with \i{}S. kimseyana\i0{} sp. nov. in
having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, head somewhat compressed (DH/LH
~0.50), transverse propodeal carina present, and occipital margin narrowly
carinate between the lateral ocelli. Differing in having the clypeus dorsally
angulate or rounded rather than with a low sharp carina, greater OOL/WOT (1.44
vs. 1.14), and narrower fore femur> 4<From the Latin \i{}badius\i0{}, reddish
brown, + \i{}rostrum\i0{}, nose, referring to the brown clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Poatina, Headrace Adit; 41\u176?49' S, 146\u176?54' E; 20 Jan. 1983;
I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154813> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4
12,3/7 13,2/3 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,3 26,1
28,7 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,2 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,3 63,1
65,4 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.71 75,0.92 76,0.81 77,0.50
78,0.62 79,0.68 80,0.90 81,1.84 82,1.44 83,0.36 84,2.21 85,2.36 86,1.30 87,2.76
90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola bicarinata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 28, 30> 3<Forming a species complex with \i{}S. aulacifrons\i0{} sp. nov.
and \i{}S. bifida\i0{} sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina.
Differing from the former in many respects, including the clypeal carinae
closely approximated, mandible strongly twisted on apical half, vein 2R1
reaching anterior wing margin, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Nearly
identical to the latter, separated only by the smooth microsculpture of the head
and clypeus more elongate in profile> 4<Referring to the bifurcate clypeal
carina> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Lake George Ra., 18km NbyW Bungendore; 15 Feb. 1982; J.F.
Lawrence, A. Calder leg.; on \i{}Xanthorrhoea australis\i0{}; ANIC 32-154814>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}\b{} Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra; 5 Feb. 1930; M. Fuller leg.; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Black Mountain; 6 Mar. 1930; F. Graham leg.; ANIC \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Black Mountain; 10 Mar. 1930; L.F. Graham leg.; ANIC. \endash{}
\b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Lake George Ra., 18km NbyW
Bungendore; 15 Feb. 1982; J.F. Lawrence, A. Calder leg.; on \i{}Xanthorrhoea
australis\i0{}; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?;
Wanbi; Dec. 1977; R. Laughlin leg.; WARI aphid migration project; ANIC \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Brookfield Con. Pk.; 34\u176?19' S, 139\u176?30' E; 4\endash{}20 Feb.
1992; J. Stelman, S. Williams leg.; Site 1 Malaise trap; ANIC> 7,10 8,9/10/13
10,14 11,4-5 12,15 13,4/11 14,2 15,3 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,1 23,11
24,3 25,4 26,2 27,2 28,3 29,4 30,2-3 31,4 32,3 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,2 38,1
39,1 40,17 41,1 42,1 44,5 46,1 47,2 48,8 50,2 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,10 60,5 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2 74,1.65
75,0.98<0.94-1.16> 76,0.87<0.83-0.87> 77,0.55<0.52-0.56> 78,0.69<0.68-0.74>
79,0.56<0.56-0.63> 80,1.23<1.08-1.24> 81,1.63<1.58-1.67> 82,1.24<1.24-1.38>
83,0.34 84,2.15<2.07-2.15> 85,2.09<2.08-2.17> 86,1.00<1.00-1.10> 87,2.33 88<N =
7> 90<New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and South Australia;
probably also in Victoria, found widely across the southeast>

# \i{}Sierola bidawal\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 20, 31> 3<This odd species is difficult to key out with the usual
characters, but is easily recognized by the combination of the clypeus evenly
sloping in profile and occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of the
lateral ocelli. The lateral ocelli are also slightly separate from the vertex
crest, ocellar triangle strongly acute, head narrowed posterior of the eyes with
the posterior corners strongly rounded off, and basal wing cells densely setose>
4<Named for the Bidawal, the Aboriginal people whose traditional land includes
the area where the type was collected> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Growler Ck., Lind Nat. Pk.; 26
Feb. 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC
32-154815> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Cann Valley H'way, 7km SW NSW border; 25 Feb. 1980; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC> 7,10 8,11 10,5/6 11,4-5
12,3/19 13,4 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1
27,3 28,7 29,2 30,2 31,4 32,1 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2
42,2 44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,3 58,2 59,1
60,1 61,3 63,1 65,15 66,1 67,7 68,11 69,3 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.48 75,0.76
76,0.83 77,0.51 78,0.85 79,0.78 80,1.09 81,1.72 82,1.86 83,0.38 84,2.21 85,2.50
86,1.08 87,2.80 90<Victoria; known only from two individuals collected close
together in east Gippsland>

# \i{}Sierola bifida\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 32, 57> 3<Forming a species complex with \i{}S. aulacifrons\i0{} sp. nov.
and \i{}S. bicarinata\i0{} sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina.
Differing from the former in many respects, including the clypeal carinae
closely approximated, mandible strongly twisted on apical half, vein 2R1
reaching anterior wing margin, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Nearly
identical to the latter, separated only by the coriaceous microsculpture of the
head and clypeus shorter in profile, evenly curved> 4<From the Latin
\i{}bifidus\i0{}, split in two, referring to the forked clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 10km W Doodlakine; 31\u176?38' S, 117\u176?48' E; 30 Dec.
1994; L.S. & R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC 123003>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9794?; 20 km W Esperance; 33\u176?43' S, 121\u176?25' E; 27 Dec.
1994; R.B. & L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC 122706> 7,10 8,14
10,14 11,4 12,15 13,2 14,4 15,3 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,3
25,2 26,3 28,3 29,3/4 30,2 31,4 32,3 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1 40,16
41,1 42,1 44,5 46,1 47,2 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,10 60,5
61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2 74,1.84 75,1.11 76,0.84
77,0.55 78,0.67 79,0.58 80,1.16 81,1.62 82,1.43 83,0.36 84,2.16 85,2.23 86,1.00
87,2.67 89<Similar to female with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}.
Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; carinae very narrowly separated.
Frons punctation sparse on posterior half. \i{}Metasoma\i0{}. Erect setae of S6
only slightly longer than those of previous segments.
\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.91; DH/LH 0.56;
EV/HE 0.58; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 1.16; WH/WF ; OOL/WOT 1.12; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW
2.25; HFL/HFW 2.23; A3 L/W 1.00; 2R1 L/W 2.19> 90<Western Australia; known from
two specimens taken in the southwest>

# \i{}Sierola biloba\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 28, 33> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided or expanded beyond the antennae.
Together with \i{}S. cuneata\i0{} sp. nov., differing from all other
\i{}Sierola\i0{} in having the clypeus apically emarginate, divided into two
rounded lobes. Easily distinguished from that species by having the clypeus
rounded laterally rather than straight, and lacking lateral carinae. In
addition, the lateral ocelli are separated from vertex crest by about their
length; propodeal transverse carina is distinct; metasoma with faint but
distinct microsculpture over all terga; and vein Rs reaches the anterior wing
margin, closing cell 2R1> 4<Referring to the unique form of the clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 9km ESE Taylorville; 34\u176?07' S, 140\u176?04' E; 12 Nov. 1987; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154816>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Morgan; 7
Nov. 1978; R. Laughlin leg.; WARI aphid migration project; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9794?; Calpernum [sic: Calperum] Stn. Overflow Rd. km 2; 34.042\u176? S,
140.7122\u176? E; 10 Dec. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; BOLD: process ID AUSCL533-12,
BIN ABX8962; ANIC> 7,10 8,13 10,15 11,8 12,11 13,4 14,4 15,2 16,1 17,5 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,4-3<rarely coriaceous with irregular longitudinal
raised striae between eyes> 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,3 38,1 39,1 40,18 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,4
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,3 60,5 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,3 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2
74,1.62 75,0.92<0.88-0.95> 76,0.75<0.73-0.76> 77,0.48<0.45-0.48>
78,0.59<0.53-0.76> 79,0.60<0.56-0.66> 80,0.98<0.95-1.14> 81,1.79<1.67-1.80>
82,1.50<1.45-1.65> 83,0.37 84,2.26<2.17-2.36> 85,2.38<2.32-2.38>
86,1.00<1.00-1.20> 87,2.64 88<N = 4> 89<Similar to female with the following
exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Clypeus less deeply emarginate apically, not so
prolonged in profile. Mandible parallel-sided. Malar space distinct, about 1/4
as long as mandible base. Frons mostly sparsely punctate, especially
posteriorly. Head rounded shortly posterior of eyes. \i{}Metasoma\i0{}. Erect
setae of S6 only slightly longer than those of previous segments.
\i{}Color\i0{}. Tibiae predominantly brown. \par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW
1.39 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.45; EV/WF 0.47; WF/HE 0.96;
WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.22; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.41; HFL/HFW 2.63; A3 L/W 1.25; 2R1
L/W 2.67> 90<South Australia; known from several collections, all in a small
area of the Murray River valley northeast of Adelaide> 92<The frons
microsculpure is unusually variable. One specimen has peculiar raised
longitudinal striae in addition to the normal microsculpture. It bears a
striking resemblance to \i{}S. rufignatha\i0{} Fullaway from Oahu, and in
several respects is more similar to the Hawaii species than others from
Australia>

# \i{}Sierola boggomoss\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 20, 34> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing
cells setose, distinguished from most others by the elongate, conspicuous vertex
and gena setae. Closest to \i{}S. gingera\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the deeper
head, ocellar triangle right, with the lateral ocelli separated from the vertex
crest, and basal wing cells sparsely setose at least basally> 4<Named for the
boggomoss environment in which this species was collected, a form of mound
spring unique to the Taroom area> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Boggomoss 8 via Taroom; 25\u176?27' S,
150\u176?02' E; 12 Nov. 1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D. Cook & G. Monteith leg.;
Baited Flight Intercept 035; QM T33419> 7,10 8,8 10,3/4 11,3 12,3 13,3 14,9/10
15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,4 24,3 25,3-2 26,1 28,7 29,2 30,4
31,1 32,1 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2
50,1 51,1 52,7 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,9 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8
68,1 69,1 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1 74,1.62 75,0.91 76,0.88 77,0.57 78,0.56 79,0.50
80,1.13 81,1.68 82,1.19 83,0.35 84,2.17 85,1.77 86,0.90 87,2.33 90<Queensland;
known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola campanula\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 20, 35> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Forming a
species pair with \i{}S. allithoros\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the frons
very narrow (WF/HE ~0.8), clypeus with a low but distinct medial carina and
broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or emarginate, vein Rs
ending short of the anterior wing margin, and S5 with a pair of elongate setae.
Separated by having the mandible black and not twisted, propodeum with the
median carina distinct, and femora all dark> 4<From the Latin
\i{}campanula\i0{}, bell, referring to the shape of the clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Mt. Billy Cons. Pk.; 35\u176?27' S, 138\u176?37' E; 3 Nov.\endash{}19
Dec. 2016; E. Fagan-Jeffries leg.; M/T; SAMA> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Australian Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra,
Cook, 8 Moss Street; 35.261\u176? S, 149.0591\u176? E; elev. 632 m; 19 Apr.
2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V. Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones, J. Webb
leg.; BOLD: process ID AACTA5400-20, BIN AED8633; ANIC> 7,10 8,10/13 10,4 11,4
12,11 13,4 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,6 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,4 22,4 23,11 24,2 25,3 26,1
28,1 29,2/3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,2 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,2
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,1 52,6 53,4 54,4 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,16 61,1 63,1
65,16 66,1 67,7 68,11 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.47 75,0.80 76,0.72 77,0.47
78,0.67 79,0.81 80,0.82 81,2.06 82,1.94 83,0.38 84,1.87 85,2.08 86,1.00 87,2.89
90<South Australia and Australian Capital Territory; known from two widely
separated individuals>

# \i{}Sierola camptostega\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 20, 36> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells setose and head convex
dorsally, forming a species pair with \i{}S. cecidophila\i0{} sp. nov. based on
the black mandible, head long posterior of the eye (EV/HE ~1.00), and clypeus in
profile high, blunt and recurved apically. Distinguished by having the head
ventrally flat or very weakly convex, parallel-sided posterior of the eye, and
narrower and more compressed (WH/LH ~0.71, DH/LH ~0.49)> 4<From the Greek
\i{}kamptos\i0{}, twisted, + \i{}stegos\i0{}, roof, referring to the sinuate
ridgeline of Mount Baker where the type was collected>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Mt. Barker nr. summit; Dec. 1985; A.D. Austin leg.; \i{}Acacia\i0{}
scrub, M.T.; SAMA> 7,10 8,13 10,5 11,4 12,17/2 13,3/5 14,4-5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,2 30,3-2 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,4-5 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,7
53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1
74,1.90 75,0.95 76,0.71 77,0.49 78,1.03 79,0.95 80,1.07 81,1.67 82,1.82 83,0.33
84,1.99 85,2.22 86,0.90 87,2.78 90<South Australia; known only from the
holotype, collected near Adelaide> 92<The unique type is missing the metasoma,
but based on the appearance of the head and mandibles it is almost certainly a
female>

# \i{}Sierola capitata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 37> 3<A member of the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with the head large
and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low
carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to \i{}S.
leeuwinensis\i0{} Turner and \i{}S. stipulata\i0{} sp. nov. with the femora
dark, head posterior of the eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the vertex by
2\endash{}3 ocellus lengths. Distinguished by the unusual mandible, abruptly
constricted just beyond the articulation and then gradually broadened; it is
also reddish brown, compared to black in the other two species. A similar form
is found in \i{}S. kuranda\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. truncata\i0{} sp. nov., but
they appear to be unrelated> 4<From the Latin \i{}capitata\i0{}, large-headed>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 62km WbyS of Boulia; 23\u176?02' S, 139\u176?18' E; 16 Oct. 1978; J.C.
Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154817> 7,10 8,8 10,6 11,4 12,17
13,1 14,20 15,2 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,11 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1
29,4 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,6 44,1 46,3
47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4
66,3 67,7 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2 74,1.89 75,0.92 76,0.81 77,0.48 78,1.28
79,0.85 80,1.51 81,1.54 82,2.40 83,0.40 84,2.24 85,2.18 86,1.00 87,2.10
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the arid interior>

# \i{}Sierola carinifrons\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 38, 39> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous and head
convex dorsally, closest to \i{}S. kimseyana\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. lissonota
\i0{}sp. nov. in having the frons shining and weakly sculpted, malar space
short, and clypeus evenly curved in profile. Separated from the former by the
broad, polished median strip on the propodeum and lack of a carina between the
lateral ocelli, and from the latter by the acute ocellar triangle (lateral
ocelli separated from the vertex crest), narrower head (WH/LH \u8804?0.86), and
narrower hind femur (HFL/HFW \u8805?2.20)> 4<A specimen bearing this unpublished
manuscript name from Cameron is housed at NHMUK. To minimize confusion I have
retained this name even though the species has a weak clypeal carina compared to
most \i{}Sierola\i0{} species> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 31km NW Renmark; 33\u176?59' S,
140\u176?30' E; 5 Sep.\endash{}12 Oct. 1995; K.R. Pullen leg.; Flight
intercept/pitfall trap; ANIC 32-154818> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Australian Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra;
20 Apr. 1948; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Brookfield Con. Pk.; 34\u176?21' S, 139\u176?31' E; 12
Sep.\endash{}20 Oct. 1991; J. Stelman, S. Williams leg.; F.T.T ANIC 1206 mallee
{}#2; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Victoria; P.
Cameron coll. 1914-110 [left specimen on card]; NHMUK 13379653> 7,10 8,10/11/13
10,5 11,4-5 12,7 13,2/3 14,14 15,1 16,4 17,2 18,2 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,2
25,4 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,3 40,3 41,2
42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,1
61,1 63,17 65,16 66,1-3 67,5/7 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.86
75,1.00<0.92-1.05> 76,0.81<0.77-0.82> 77,0.52<0.50-0.55> 78,0.40<0.40-0.45>
79,0.54<0.54-0.61> 80,0.74<0.70-0.74> 81,2.11<2.11-2.17> 82,1.00<0.96-1.13>
83,0.38 84,1.81<1.81-2.00> 85,2.39<2.35-2.39> 86,1.48<1.33-1.48> 87,2.88 88<N =
4> 90<Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and South Australia; probably also
occurring in New South Wales. Rare but widely distributed in the southeast>
92<The four specimens on hand represent two distinct color morphs \endash{} a
darker eastern one with the mandible, coxae, and femora dark brown to black, and
propodeum concolorous (Victoria, ACT, and presumably New South Wales), and a
paler western one with the mandible orange, legs almost entirely yellow, and
propodeum with a basal pale spot (South Australia). However, I am not able to
find any structural differences between them other than a slight difference in
the narrowing of the mandible and width of the fore femur (stronger and broader
respectively in the SA population). Therefore, I am tentatively considering them
a single species. The NHMUK specimen originally labelled with the name Sierola
carinifrons (the left of two specimens mounted on one card; the other is a
different species) is designated as a paratype rather than the holotype, but is
of the same form as the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola carruca\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 40, 41> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head flat
dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short.
Closest to \i{}S. ficicola\i0{} sp. nov., joined in having the lateral ocelli
somewhat close to the vertex crest which is not carinate posterior of the
ocelli; separated by the black mandible and more compressed head (DH/LH ~0.48),
sparsely setose ventrally> 4<From the Latin \i{}carruca\i0{}, a four-wheeled
carriage, referring to the collection of this species using a car net>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Hwy 1 Townsville-Bowen; 30 Aug. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car net; UCDC>
7,10 8,8 10,5-6 11,4-5 12,17 13,5 14,3-4 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4
23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1
40,3 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,1
59,9 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.17
75,0.60 76,0.75 77,0.48 78,1.08 79,1.10 80,0.98 81,1.85 82,1.86 83,0.38 84,2.00
85,2.07 86,0.85 87,2.23 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected
along the northern coast>

# \i{}Sierola cathetognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 42> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately
deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through
the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish
brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Easily separated from
related species by the unusual mandible, broadest near the middle and narrowing
apically (ventral margin sinuate in frontal view) and strongly elbowed in
ventral view. The ocellar triangle is also strongly obtuse> 4<From the Greek
\i{}kathetos\i0{}, perpendicular, + \i{}gnathos\i0{}, jaw, referring to the bent
mandible> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Indooroopilly; 22 Nov. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556772> 7,10
8,8 10,4 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,25 15,1 17,4 18,1 19,1 20,6 21,1 22,2 23,8 24,2 25,4
26,1 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,3 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,10 41,2
42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,3 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,13 60,1 63,1 65,1 66,4
67,8 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.20 75,0.65 76,0.90 77,0.58 78,0.40
79,0.44 80,0.93 81,1.79 82,0.79 83,0.39 84,2.05 85,2.28 86,1.20 87,2.93
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola causia\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 43> 3<Part of the \i{}kalarku\i0{} species group, with the mandible
strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex
slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any trace of a
carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from related species
by the combination of the clypeus flat, malar space very small, propodeum
lacking a polished area, hind femur very broad (HFL/HFW \u8804?2.00), and vein
Rs not reaching the anterior wing margin> 4<From the Latin \i{}causia\i0{}, hat,
referring to the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Hat Head; 31.0626\u176? S,
153.052\u176? E; elev. 37 m; 4\endash{}18 Feb. 2018; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise
Trap, Trap {}#4; ANIC 32-154819; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG37616-F05, process ID
NSWHO4886-18, BIN ADV5989> 7,10 8,9 10,4 11,4-5 12,5 13,4 14,13<slightly
narrowed again at apex> 15,3 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,11 24,1 25,4
26,2 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,2 39,1 40,5 41,1 42,1
44,3 45,2 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,2 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,14 61,3
63,1 65,6 66,2 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.45 75,0.77 76,0.89
77,0.54 78,0.39 79,0.43 80,0.90 81,1.86 82,1.19 83,0.36 84,1.80 85,1.74 86,0.91
87,3.24 90<New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near the
coast>

# \i{}Sierola cecidophila\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 44> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells setose and head convex
dorsally, forming a species pair with \i{}S. camptostega\i0{} sp. nov. based on
the black mandible, head long posterior of the eye (EV/HE ~1.00), and clypeus in
profile high, blunt and recurved apically. Distinguished by having the head
distinctly convex ventrally, slightly broadened posterior of the eye, and
broader and deeper (WH/LH ~0.79, DH/LH ~0.54)> 4<From the Greek
\i{}kekidos\i0{}, gall, + \i{}phila\i0{}, loving, referring to the rearing of
the holotype from a gall> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Kew; 10 Aug. 1958; ex galls \i{}Acacia
mollissima\i0{}, emerged 20 Aug. 1958; MVMA HYM-86588> 7,10 8,11 10,5 11,4
12,3/17 13,10 14,5 15,4 16,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2-1 26,1 28,7
29,2 30,2 31,3 32,1 33,1 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,3 42,2 44,5 46,2 47,1
48,2 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,5 69,2 70,1
71,1/5 72,1 73,1 74,1.89 75,1.00 76,0.79 77,0.54 78,1.00 79,0.91 80,1.10 81,1.73
82,1.86 83,0.37 84,1.93 85,2.22 86,0.91 87,2.45 90<Victoria; known only from the
holotype, collected in Melbourne> 92<This species and \i{}S. camptostega\i0{}
sp. nov. are clearly closely related and may be conspecific. They are primarily
separated by the dimensions and subtle shape characters of the head, which are
typically outside that normally seen in a single species, but could be
representatives of two extremes of a variable taxon. For the time being I prefer
to keep them separate>

# \i{}Sierola cernua\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 45> 3<A very unusual and distinctive species, with the head
compressed and convex dorsally and concave ventrally, thus appearing to be
curved but of more or less even thickness along its length in lateral view. The
clypeus is somewhat high and steeply curved, and the basal wing cells moderately
setose> 4<From the Latin \i{}cernuus\i0{}, nodding or drooping, referring to the
head being bent down anteriorly> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 12km SE Merrijig, Howqua River; 30 Nov.
1971; Neboiss leg.; MVMA HYM-86586> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; MVMA HYM-86587>
7,10 8,11 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,5 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2
23,8/9 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,3 35,3<mandibles directed
somewhat ventrad giving appearance of being more strongly curved anteriorly>
36,4 37,7 38,3 39,3 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,2 58,2 59,1 60,11 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,13 69,2 70,1 71,2/6 72,1 73,1
74,1.57 75,0.89 76,0.79 77,0.39 78,0.94 79,0.79 80,1.18 81,1.62 82,1.67 83,0.34
84,2.00 85,2.42 86,1.20 87,2.79 90<Victoria; known only from the type
collection, from the eastern mountains> 92<This remarkable species does not have
any similar relatives among known taxa in the genus>

# \i{}Sierola circularis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 46> 3<An aberrant member of the \i{}kalarku\i0{} species group, with
the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus
flat without any trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous.
Immediately distinguished by the convex vertex crest in dorsal view, with the
posterior corners of the head almost evenly curved between the posterior corners
of each eye. In addition, the propodeum has a polished basal triangle extending
only 1/3 distance to the declivity, and vein Rs does not reach the anterior wing
margin> 4<From the Latin \i{}circularis\i0{}, round, referring to the shape of
the head> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Boggomoss No. 3; 25\u176?26' S, 150\u176?01' E; 11 Nov.
1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; P. Lawless leg.; Pitfall 093; QM T33426>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Boggomoss 3 via Taroom; 25\u176?26' S, 150\u176?01' E; 12 Nov.
1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D. Cook & G. Monteith leg.; Pitfall traps 042; QM Reg.
No. T33425> 7,10 8,8 10,4-12 11,5 12,5 13,4 14,15 15,3 16,4 17,2 18,3 19,2 20,2
21,4 22,3 23,11 24,2 25,3 26,5 27,3 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,1 38,1 39,1 40,9 41,2 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,3 52,2 53,3 54,7
55,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,13 60,10 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,14 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3
72,1 73,3 74,1.19 75,0.64 76,0.85 77,0.51 78,0.61 79,0.61 80,1.00 81,1.84
82,1.39 83,0.34 84,2.08 85,2.09 86,1.11 87,3.57 90<Queensland; known only from
two specimens collected at the same boggomoss in the southeast> 92<The
collection of both specimens of this species in pitfall traps, in an unusual
habitat, suggests it attacks a ground-dwelling caterpillar>

# \i{}Sierola cirrata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 39, 47> 3<Related to the \i{}cuneata\i0{} species group with the frons
narrow, basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose, and clypeus somewhat
elongate, with a low carina dorsally and evenly sloping in profile. Immediately
separated from all other species by the fine carinulae radiating from the base
of the clypeus> 4<From the Latin \i{}cirratus\i0{}, fringed, referring to the
array of small carinae around the clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Upper Clayton Gully, nr.
Cunningham\rquote{}s Gap; elev. 400\endash{}600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann
leg.; sweeping long grass; wet sclerophyll forest; QM T262154> 7,10 8,8 10,3-12
11,3 12,20 13,4 14,10/13 15,2 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,3
26,1 28,2 29,2 30,4-5 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,5 39,1 40,2 41,1
42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,7 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,11
61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1-3 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,3 74,1.32 75,0.70 76,0.70
77,0.49 78,0.59 79,0.74 80,0.79 81,1.93 82,1.18 83,0.34 84,2.05 85,2.17 86,1.00
87,3.31 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast
near the border with New South Wales> 92<The basal wing cells each appear to
have a single row of setae, but it is close to the anterior margin of the cells
so they may appear mostly glabrous>

# \i{}Sierola claniae\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 48, 49> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Distinguished
from most others by having the clypeus basally raised in a narrow, convex ridge,
neither carinate nor entirely flat to the base. Separated from the similar,
sympatric \i{}S. clavicula\i0{} sp. nov. by having the clypeal basomedian ridge
short, apical portion of clypeus flat and polished; head narrower and more
quadrate in dorsal view, parallel-sided immediately behind the eyes; vein Rs
reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; and the propodeum with a broad polished
median strip from base to declivity> 4<Named for the apparent host, \i{}Clania
lewinii\i0{} (Westwood, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae; recorded as \i{}C.
tenuis\i0{} Rosenstock, 1885)> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Ballarat; 9 Apr. 1954; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC
32-154820> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Black Mountain; 2 Jun. 1931; L.F. Graham
leg.; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra; 18 Jan. 1980; D.F. Rentz leg.; ex
swimming pool; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 3
\u9792?\u9792?; Royalla; 21 Mar. 1961; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Lake George Ra., 18km NbyW Bungendore; 15 Feb. 1982; J.F. Lawrence, A.
Calder leg.; on \i{}Xanthorrhoea australis\i0{}; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}South
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Mt. Lofty Rgs.; N.B. Tindale leg.; SAMA
32-42903. \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 18km NWbyN Omeo; 28
Feb. 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC
\bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Victoria; on moth \i{}Clania tenuis\i0{}, P. Cameron
coll. 1914-110; NHMUK 13379657> 7,10 8,9/10/11/13 10,8 11,4/5 12,6<broadened
apical portion flat> 13,4 14,10 15,1 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,4 22,4 23,11
24,1 25,4/5 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1
40,3 41,3 42,1 44,2 46,4 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,1 60,1 61,2 63,1 65,4 66,3-4 67,8 68,4 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2 74,1.96
75,1.00<.076-1.03> 76,0.78<0.76-0.80> 77,0.52<0.52-0.54> 78,0.65<0.56-0.67>
79,0.60<0.57-0.64> 80,1.08<0.98-1.13> 81,1.74<1.70-1.81> 82,1.28<1.28-1.44>
83,0.40 84,1.90<1.83-2.04> 85,2.38<2.21-2.38> 86,1.43<1.25-1.43> 87,2.67 88<N =
9> 90<New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and South
Australia. Widely distributed in the southeast and relatively common> 92<Cameron
labelled the NHMUK specimens Sierola claniae but never published the name. I
have kept the name to avoid confusion, though neither of those (both mounted on
one card) are designated as the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola clavicula\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 50> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Distinguished
from most others by having the clypeus basally raised in a narrow, convex ridge,
neither carinate nor entirely flat to the base. Separated from the similar,
sympatric \i{}S. claniae\i0{} sp. nov. by having the clypeal ridge extending to
the apex, the entire clypeus dull and microreticulate; head broader and more
circular in dorsal view, narrowed immediately behind eyes; vein Rs not reaching
the wing margin, cell 2R1 open; and propodeum lacking a median polished area>
4<From the Latin \i{}clavicula\i0{}, key, referring to the round head with a
projecting clypeus appearing like a keyhole in dorsal view>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra, Cook, 8 Moss Street; 35.261\u176? S,
149.0591\u176? E; elev. 632 m; 30 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, S. Kirk, J. McCormick, R.
Rougerie, J. Sones leg.; ANIC 32-154821; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG00859-F11, process
ID HYAS252-11, BIN AAY6880> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Australian Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as
holotype; BOLD: process ID AACTA5403-20, BIN AAY6880; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 7.5 km NE Bilpin, Blue Mtns; 23 Oct 1982;
N.W. Rodd leg.; AM K.628963 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Cockburn River Camp;
31.0522\u176? S, 151.1441\u176? E; elev. 461 m; 10 Dec 2019; J.B. Dorey leg.;
sweeping \i{}Brachychiton\i0{}, sclerophyll forest; BPBM> 7,10 8,9/10 10,8 11,5
12,4 13,4 14,2 15,4 16,4 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,3 26,2 27,3
28,1 29,2 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,8 39,3 40,11 41,3 42,3 44,2
45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,9 60,5 61,1
63,1 65,16 66,13 67,7 68,16 69,3 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,2.75 75,1.42<1.07-1.42>
76,0.84<0.84-0.89> 77,0.49<0.49-0.53> 78,0.45<0.37-0.45> 79,0.45<0.38-0.46>
80,1.01<0.97-1.01> 81,1.76<1.76-1.82> 82,1.27<0.98-1.27> 83,0.36
84,1.95<1.91-2.06> 85,2.39<2.21-2.43> 86,1.51<1.35-1.51> 87,2.89 88<N = 4>
90<New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory; known from four specimens,
all recent>

# \i{}Sierola collina\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 41, 51> 3<A member of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.67\endash{}0.68),
flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna
(hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest,
and ocellar triangle strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having
the head moderately deep for the group, DH/LH \u8805?0.47, mandible not twisted,
clypeal carina prolonged posteriorly above the antennal sockets, vertex straight
in dorsal view, ocellar triangle about equilateral rather than more elongate,
lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by about their diameter, and
basal wing cells setose> 4<From the Latin \i{}collinus\i0{}, hilly, referring to
the type locality in the foothills of the Iron Range>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 9km WbyN Mt. Tozer; 12\u176?44' S, 143\u176?08' E; 30 Jun.\endash{}7
Jul. 1986; J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol; ANIC 32-154822>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Heathlands dump; 11\u176?45' S, 142\u176?35' E; 22 Mar.\endash{}25 Apr.
1992; T. McLeod leg.; Malaise {}#2, open forest; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same
data as previous; 25 Apr.\endash{}7 Jun. 1992; ANIC> 7,10 8,8 10,6 11,4 12,18
13,3 14,1 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,11 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3
30,2 31,1 32,3 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,6 44,1 46,2 47,2
48,1 50,1 51,2 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,12 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1
67,7 68,5 69,1 70,2 71,6 72,1 73,1 74,1.51 75,0.82<0.70-0.82> 76,0.67<0.67-0.68>
77,0.49<0.49-0.50> 78,1.14<1.06-1.17> 79,1.25<1.21-1.25> 80,0.91<0.88-0.95>
81,1.91<1.84-1.93> 82,2.44<2.44-2.47> 83,0.36 84,2.00<2.00-2.15>
85,2.18<2.18-2.29> 86,1.08<0.92-1.08> 87,2.69 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known
from three specimens collected on the Cape York peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola comparata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 52> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head flat
dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short.
Nearly identical to \i{}S. adelaidensis\i0{} sp. nov., together distinguished
from others by having the vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli
and mandible strongly convex outwardly, the second ventral tooth prominent.
Separated by the shorter, truncate clypeus, the more ventrally concave mandible,
and head longer posterior of the eye> 4<From the Latin \i{}comparatus\i0{},
comparing between two things, referring to the close similarity between the two
relatively widely separated collecting areas> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Deddick, R., 2 km WSW of Deddick;
37\u176?05' S, 148\u176?27' E; 3 Dec. 1985; A.L. Yen, M.S. Harvey, & P.K.
Lillywhite leg.; Beat sample; MVMA HYM-86621> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Eastern Freeway Extension
Survey Site {}#8; 7 Sep. 1989; P. Lillywhite & K. Ebert leg.; Beat sample:
\i{}Acacia mearnsii\i0{}, 8/5; MVMA HYM-86603> 7,10 8,11 10,6 11,5 12,17 13,5
14,4 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,7 29,2 30,2
31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,6 66,1 67,3 69,3
70,1 71,6 72,1 73,1 74,1.90 75,0.97 76,0.74 77,0.53 78,1.06 79,1.02 80,1.05
81,1.72 82,1.96 83,0.34 84,1.97 85,2.09 86,0.88 87,2.60 90<Victoria; known from
two specimens> 92<See comments under \i{}S. adelaidensis\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola compressa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 53> 3<Namesake of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells sparsely to densely setose. Distinguished from related
species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle and clypeus recurved ventrally in
profile. The frons is also very dull with a velvety appearance, different from
the granular sculpture of others> 4<Referring to the extremely flattened body>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; nr. Westcott Plain, Bunya Mts. Nat. Pk.; 26\u176?52' S, 151\u176?34' E;
6\endash{}7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
32-154823> 7,10 8,8 10,6 11,5 12,3 13,3 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,4 20,16
21,1 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,7 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,5
38,1 39,3 40,11 41,3 42,5 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,6 50,2 51,1 52,4 53,2 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,11 61,3 63,1 65,14 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1
73,2 74,1.90 75,1.01 76,0.91 77,0.37 78,1.00 79,0.72 80,1.38 81,1.53 82,2.08
83,0.29 84,1.94 85,2.00 86,0.91 87,2.28 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype, collected in the Bunya Mountains>

# \i{}Sierola confecta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 14, 54> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. United with \i{}S. contracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov., and \i{}S. subcontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the
long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically
with a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin.
Forming a well-defined group with \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{} and \i{}S.
parallela\i0{}, distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and
carinate occipital margin; separated from the former by the more strongly
downcurved clypeus, from the latter by the slightly narrower clypeal ridge, and
from both by the hyaline fore wing> 4<From the Latin \i{}confectus\i0{},
completed or assembled, referring to the discovery of this species late in
preparation of this manuscript as the \ldblquote{}missing piece\rdblquote{}
southeastern representative of the \i{}contracta\i0{} subgroup>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Shoalhaven R. 30 km W Nowra; 25 Dec 1986; G.A. Holloway leg.; AM
K.628964> 7,10 8,9 10,4 11,4 12,21 13,2 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2
22,3 23,6 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,8
39,3 40,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 50,1 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,10
60,13 61,13 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,13 69,1 70,2 71,7 72,4 73,4<traceable to
margin as a fold in certain lights> 74,1.48 75,0.79 76,0.85 77,0.51 78,0.40
79,0.44 80,0.90 81,1.78 82,0.98 83,0.35 84,1.83 85,2.14 86,1.08 87,2.65 90<New
South Wales; known only from the holotype> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
parallela\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola confinis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 55> 3<A member of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head, somewhat flat dorsally and
long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past
the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle
strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the head relatively
deep for the group, DH/LH 0.52, mandible slightly twisted, clypeal carina not
prolonged posteriorly above the antennal sockets, vertex slightly concave in
dorsal view, ocellar triangle very strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from
the vertex crest by about their diameter, and basal wing cells setose> 4<From
the Latin \i{}confinis\i0{}, bordering, from the collection of the type series
in the Border Ranges between Queensland and New South Wales>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Lever's Plateau, via Rathdowney; elev. 640\endash{}670 m; 1 Nov. 1975;
I. Naumann leg.; sweeping low vegetation in rainforest; QM T262155>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same data as holotype; QM> 7,10 8,8/9 10,6 11,4-5 12,17 13,2 14,4 15,2
16,2 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,11 24,1 25,2 26,3 27,3 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1
32,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,6 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,1
51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,18 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,2
69,1 70,1 71,1/2 72,1 73,1 74,1.89 75,0.95 76,0.66 77,0.52 78,1.29 79,1.25
80,1.03 81,1.72 82,2.24 83,0.35 84,2.03 85,2.09 86,1.00 87,2.70 90<Queensland,
undoubtedly also occurs in New South Wales; known only from two specimens
collected together> 92<The holotype has the basal wing cells distinctly more
densely setose than the paratype, particularly at the apex of R>

# \i{}Sierola contracta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 56, 57> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. United with \i{}S. confecta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov., and \i{}S. subcontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the
long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically
with a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin.
Separated from the first four by the narrower head (WH/LH ~0.80) with posterior
corners strongly rounded off, flat portion of the anterior clypeus distinct and
rather broad, and frons punctation sparser above the eyes with much longer setae
(setae about twice as long as the medial flagellum width); and from the last by
the low carina on the anterior frons, mandible entirely black, and fore wing
evenly tinged with yellow> 4<From the Latin \i{}contractus\i0{}, narrowed,
referring to the clypeal margins converging but not meeting in a sharp carina>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; New Beach 24 mi. S. Carnarvon; 7 Oct. 1969; H. Evans & R.W.
Matthews leg.; UCRC 537324> 7,10 8,14 10,4 11,5 12,22 13,3 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,1 23,3 24,6 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,5-6 31,2 32,1
33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,3 40,4 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 50,2 52,5
53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,8 60,4 63,1 65,20 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,2 70,1
71,1 72,1 73,3 74,1.44 75,0.80 76,0.80 77,0.51 78,0.40 79,0.50 80,0.79 81,1.86
82,0.83 83,0.35 84,1.75 85,1.93 86,1.06 87,3.50 90<Western Australia; known only
from the holotype, collected on the central west coast near Shark Bay> 92<The
species of this complex are largely allopatric, but so far each is only known
from a single specimen. See also comments under \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola corynognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 58> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells sparsely setose,
mandible black, and head convex dorsally, forming a species pair with \i{}S.
sinuata\i0{} sp. nov., united by the unusual sinuate mandible (bent mesally near
the base to form an outward concavity, apical half convex and swollen).
Distinguished by the stripe of modified sculpture on the median frons (cellules
greatly elongated, distinctly different from the round cellules of the rest of
the head), head dorsally more strongly convex, lateral ocelli nearly touching
the vertex crest, legs mostly yellow with the femora tinged brown, and in the
head dimensions> 4<From the Greek \i{}koryne\i0{}, club, + \i{}gnathos\i0{},
jaw, referring to the apically swollen mandible>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Mundubbera; May 2000; C. Freebairn leg.; Malaise trap; UCRC 154014>
7,10 8,8 10,4 11,3 12,17/2 13,3 14,5 15,9 16,6 17,8 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3
23,13 24,1 25,1<with distinct strip of dense lineate sculpture between median
ocellus and clypeus> 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 38,1
39,2 40,3 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,9 60,6 61,1 63,1<metasomal terga with slightly paler W-shaped marks>
65,11 66,1 67,5 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.70 75,0.90 76,0.88 77,0.56 78,0.46
79,0.50 80,0.93 81,1.87 82,1.02 83,0.37 84,1.97 85,2.12 86,1.21 87,2.67
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast
interior>

# \i{}Sierola cremnophila\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 57, 59> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of very
broad, parallel-sided, slightly twisted mandible; lateral ocelli separated from
the vertex by about their length; sparsely setose basal wing cells; and somewhat
short clypeus, weakly curved in profile with the apical angle acute. Nearly
identical to \i{}S. adversa\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the straight, truncate
anterior clypeal margin; shining, finely microreticulate frons sculpture; and
lower OOL/WOT> 4<From the Greek \i{}kremnos\i0{}, cliff, + \i{}phila\i0{},
loving, referring to the collection of the type at Bluff Knoll>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Stirling Ranges, nr. Bluff Knoll; Nov.\endash{}Dec. 1996;
Austin/Harvey/Main leg.; above creek bed M.T.; SAMA> 7,10 8,14 10,12 11,5
12,3/17 13,11 14,1 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1
28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,2 44,1
46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,3 54,1 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,6 61,1 63,1 65,2
66,1 67,8 68,3 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,3 74,1.91 75,0.92 76,0.84 77,0.56 78,0.72
79,0.63 80,1.13 81,1.70 82,1.63 83,0.41 84,2.00 85,2.00 86,1.08 87,2.83
90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype, from the Stirling Ranges>
92<See comments under \i{}S. adversa\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola crinita\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 14, 60> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells
setose, and mandible black, easily recognized by the combination of cell 2R1
open (vein Rs not reaching the wing margin), narrow mandible, and malar space
elongate, about 1/3 as long as the mandible base. Closest to \i{}S. regulus\i0{}
sp. nov., differing in the narrower head and ocellar triangle right to weakly
acute> 4<From the Latin \i{}crinitus\i0{}, long-haired, referring to the
conspicuous setae of the metasoma> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Bellingham Dam, 117 Saltwood Rd;
41.0234\u176? S, 147.2119\u176? E; 15 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2;
TMAG F153000> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South
Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Blue Mts. near Hampton; 3 Sep 1978; B.J. Day
leg.; from grass in pine forest; AM K.628962> 7,10 8,9/12 10,3-18 11,3/5 12,6
13,2 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,4 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,3 26,2 28,2 29,1
30,3-5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,7 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2
47,2 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,13 60,13 61,1 63,1 65,4
66,1<sometimes slightly reddish on apical half> 67,9 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,1/6 72,1
73,3 74,1.53 75,0.81 76,0.81 77,0.51 78,0.60 79,0.61 80,0.98 81,1.78 82,1.34
83,0.38 84,1.98 85,2.35 86,1.22 87,2.81 90<Tasmania and New South Wales; known
only from the holotype and one paratype> 92<The specimen from New South Wales
differs slightly from the Tasmanian holotype, with the clypeus slightly
narrower, head slightly deeper, hind femur slightly broader, and basal wing
cells more sparsely setose. However, these appear to be within the range of
normal variation, and it does not seem worth splitting them based on the two
specimens on hand>

# \i{}Sierola crowea\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 57, 61> 3<Belonging to the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group, having the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished from related species by the
strongly acute ocellar triangle, evenly curved clypeus in profile, dark femora,
and coriaceous rather than strongly dull sculpture of the frons. The head is
also slightly deeper than most similar species except \i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp.
nov> 4<Named for the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Crowea St. For. nr. Pemberton; 29
Oct.\endash{}20 Dec. 1979; S.J. Curry leg.; Malaise trap, closed forest; ANIC
32-154824> 7,10 8,14 10,5/6 11,4 12,2/17 13,2 14,4 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,1 22,2 23,2 24,1 25,2-3 26,2 28,3 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,3 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,2 43,1 44,5 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,2 54,2
55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,9 60,13 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1
73,1 74,2.02 75,1.02 76,0.87 77,0.46 78,0.81 79,0.65 80,1.25 81,1.60 82,2.05
83,0.29 84,2.11 85,2.15 86,1.06 87,2.78 90<Western Australia; known only from
the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola cuneata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 28, 62> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately
large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided or expanded beyond the antennae.
Together with \i{}S. biloba\i0{} sp. nov., differing from all other
\i{}Sierola\i0{} in having the clypeus apically emarginate, divided into two
rounded lobes. Easily distinguished from that species by having the clypeus
straight laterally rather than rounded, and with divergent lateral carinae that
form a triangular enclosure with the slightly upturned apical rim. In addition,
the lateral ocelli are separated from the vertex crest by less than their
length; propodeal transverse carina faint, hardly differentiated from other
striae; metasoma polished, with faint microsculpture only laterally; and vein Rs
does not reach the anterior wing margin, leaving cell 2R1 open> 4<From the Latin
\i{}cuneatus\i0{}, wedge-shaped, referring to the peculiar shape of the clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; near Renmark, Border Cliffs Resort, on property; 33.9788\u176? S,
140.9534\u176? E; 5 Dec. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; ANIC 32-154825; BOLD: sample ID
BIOUG02294-B12, process ID AUSBC308-12, BIN ABX1506>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Loch Sport; elev. 134 m; 2 Jan. 2003; L.J. Cookson leg.; MVMA
HYM-86599. \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 120km N
Northampton; 27\u176?29' S, 114\u176?43' E; 4 Jan. 1995; L.S. & R.B. Kimsey
leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC> 7,10 8,11/13/14 10,15 11,8 12,24 13,12 14,2
15,2 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1
32,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,2 39,1 40,18 41,2 42,2 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2
50,2 51,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,13 60,8 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,13
67,8 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.27 75,0.71 76,0.71<0.71-0.75>
77,0.48<0.47-0.48> 78,0.71<0.60-0.71> 79,0.74<0.64-0.74> 80,0.96<0.94-0.98>
81,1.84<1.81-1.86> 82,1.48<1.43-1.50> 83,0.34 84,2.03<2.03-2.15>
85,2.23<2.23-2.36> 86,0.91<0.91-1.00> 87,2.56 88<N = 3> 90<Western Australia,
South Australia, and Victoria. Known from three widely separated individuals>
92<The specimen from Victoria has a distinct median propodeal carina while the
holotype lacks one. However, despite their geographic separation, this does not
seem sufficient to describe them as distinct species; they are otherwise more
similar than most specimens regarded as conspecific. The median carina has been
observed to be variable in some Hawaiian species>

# \i{}Sierola curtirostris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 63> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the unusual clypeus
which is moderately short but broadened laterally in front of the antennal
sockets, the lateral margin rounded with a constriction between the anterior
clypeal projection and posterior lateral lobe. This is shared only with its
sibling species \i{}S. abrupta\i0{} sp. nov., which differs in having the
clypeus short with the apex nearly vertical in profile, head deeper (DH/LH 0.57
vs. 0.51), and basal wing cells glabrous except cell R setose apically. The
occipital margin is narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli and the wings
infuscate, a combination otherwise found only in \i{}S. bidawal\i0{} sp. nov.
and \i{}S. lacustris\i0{} sp. nov., both of which are very different; the former
has the clypeus straight sloping in profile and head narrowed posterior of the
eye, and the latter has the frons much broader (WF/HE 1.20 vs. 1.00 in \i{}S.
curtirostris\i0{})> 4<From the Latin \i{}curtus\i0{}, short, + \i{}rostrum\i0{},
nose, referring to the short, broadly truncate clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Dilgry River, Barrington Tops S.F.; 31\u176?53' S, 151\u176?32' E;
15\endash{}16 Nov. 1981; T. Weir leg.; Pyrethrin spray, \i{}Banksia\i0{}; ANIC
32-154826> 7,10 8,9 10,17 11,5 12,17 13,11 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,7 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4
38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,3 51,2 52,1 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,4 69,3 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1
74,1.90 75,0.91 76,0.86 77,0.51 78,0.74 79,0.74 80,1.00 81,1.88 82,1.55 83,0.44
84,2.04 85,2.27 86,1.10 87,2.67 90<New South Wales; known only from the
holotype, collected in the central mountains>

# \i{}Sierola cylindrica\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 14, 64> 3<This species resembles some members of the \i{}longifacies\i0{}
group such as \i{}S. dolichops\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. elongata\i0{} sp. nov.,
but is immediately distinguished by the extremely narrow head, which is nearly
twice as long as wide. The mesosoma is also compressed, unlike in the
\i{}longifacies\i0{} group> 4<Named for the peculiar elongate head, which is
hardly wider than deep> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmani\b0{}a \bullet{} \u9792?; Bellingham Dam, 117 Saltwood Rd;
41.0234\u176? S, 147.2119\u176? E; 15 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2;
TMAG F180578> 7,10 8,12 10,6 11,5-4 12,3 13,5 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,1 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,4 30,1 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,5
38,1 39,1 40,15 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,2
57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,8 68,11 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1
74,1.39 75,0.68 76,0.52 77,0.43 78,1.47 79,1.79 80,0.82 81,1.79 82,3.31 83,0.30
84,2.33 85,2.30 86,1.23 87,2.63 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>
92<The very narrow head is the most extreme known in the genus. The OOL/WOT
ratio is likewise the highest known; only a few others even approach 3.0>

# \i{}Sierola desertorum\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 49, 65> 3<Belonging to the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group, having the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Distinguished from most related species by
the strongly acute ocellar triangle, dull and granular frons microsculpture, and
predominantly yellow legs. Closest to \i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp. nov., separated
by having the head nearly parallel-sided in lateral view, ocellar triangle more
strongly acute (OOL/WOT over 2.00), femora slightly brownish, and posterior
margin of cell 1M nearly straight> 4<Named for the remote desert type locality>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 100km SbyE Broken Hill; 32\u176?51' S, 141\u176?37' E; 3\endash{}13
Oct. 1986; E.D. Edwards leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol; SAMA> 7,10 8,9 10,5-6 11,4-5
12,17 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1
29,2 30,2-1 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,11 41,1 42,5 43,1
44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,7 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,10 61,1
63,1 65,8 66,1 67,13 69,1 70,1 71,1/2 72,1 73,2 74,1.92 75,1.05 76,0.86 77,0.42
78,0.98 79,0.71 80,1.38 81,1.53 82,2.09 83,0.31 84,2.08 85,2.00 86,0.91 87,2.19
90<New South Wales; known only from the holotype, taken in the interior near the
border with South Australia> 92<The setation of the basal wing cells is
indistinct, and appears to have been damaged>

# \i{}Sierola digitata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 66, 67> 3<This unique species is easily recognized by the unusual
clypeus, with the dorsal process narrow and rostrate, strongly convex dorsally,
appearing finger-like in dorsal view, and strongly rounded and recurved apically
in lateral view. The only \i{}Sierola\i0{} with a similar rostrate clypeus are
\i{}S. hawaiiensis\i0{} Fullaway and \i{}S. spicata\i0{} Fullaway of Hawaii,
which are otherwise very different in most other respects. In general appearance
it resembles the species of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with the eyes large
and head short posteriorly, but lacks the characteristic long setae found in
those> 4<From the Latin \i{}digitus\i0{}, finger, referring to the narrow,
convex clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian
Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra, CSIRO, behind CSIRO;
35.275\u176? S, 149.1109\u176? E; elev. 590 m; 9 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, P. Hebert,
S. Kirk, J. McCormick, J. Sones leg.; ANIC 32-154827; BOLD: sample ID
BIOUG00905-B06, process ID HYAT208-11, BIN ABA6234> 7,10 8,10 10,11<ventral
portion triangular> 11,2 12,8 13,3 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,15 21,1 22,3
23,1 24,3 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,1/2 30,4-3 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,5
39,3 40,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2
59,13 60,16 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,7 68,7 69,4 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,3 74,1.89
75,0.96 76,0.88 77,0.50 78,0.48 79,0.53 80,0.89 81,1.90 82,1.27 83,0.40 84,1.80
85,2.18 86,1.16 87,2.96 90<Australian Capital Territory; known only from the
holotype>

# \i{}Sierola disjuncta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 67, 68> 3<A member of the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with the head large
and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low
carina, and basal wing cells densely setose. Differing from related species in
having the lateral ocelli close to the vertex crest which is narrowly carinate
behind.> 4<From the Latin \i{}disiunctus\i0{}, separated, referring to the label
coordinates being far off from the recorded locality, as well as the two known
populations in New South Wales and Tasmania> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Dainers Gap; 36\u176?12'
S, 148\u176?43' E; elev. 1585 m; 20 Mar. 1974; P. Morrow leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus
perriniana\i0{}; ANIC 32-154828> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC
\bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same collection data as preceding; 6 Mar. 1974; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Dainers Gap; 36\u176?12' S, 148\u176?43' E; elev. 1585 m;
19 Sep. 1972; P. Morrow leg.; emerged from eggs laid on \i{}Agriophara\i0{} sp.;
ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Dainers Gap; 36\u176?12' S, 148\u176?43' E; elev. 1585
m; 6 Nov. 1973; P. Morrow leg.; \i{}Euc. pauciflora\i0{}, \i{}stellulata\i0{},
and \i{}perriniana\i0{} forest; ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same collection
data as preceding; 13 Dec. 1973; ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same
collection data as preceding; 19 Dec. 1973; ANIC \bullet{} 4 \u9792?\u9792?;
same collection data as preceding; 28 Dec. 1973; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9794?; same
collection data as preceding; 9 Jan. 1974; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same
collection data as preceding; 21 Feb. 1974; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 1km NE Kingston; 26 Dec. 1979; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
alcohol collection; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 9km WSW Derwent Bridge;
42\u176?10' S, 146\u176?08' E; 21 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 1km E byN Herrick; 41\u176?06' S,
147\u176?53' E; 29&30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol;
ANIC> 7,10 8,9/12 10,6 11,5 12,3/17 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2
22,3 23,8 24,2 25,1 26,2 28,7 29,3<sometimes slightly less> 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,6
53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,3/5 69,3
70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,2.26 75,1.15<0.94-1.19> 76,0.78<0.78-0.83>
77,0.47<0.46-0.50> 78,1.08<0.97-1.10> 79,0.88<0.82-0.89> 80,1.23<1.18-1.28>
81,1.63<1.61-1.69> 82,2.13<2.07-2.29> 83,0.38 84,2.10<2.06-2.28>
85,2.59<2.55-2.93> 86,1.14<1.00-1.30> 87,2.62 88<N = 9> 89<Similar to female
with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Frons microsculpture coriaceous,
weakly shining. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Antenna longer,
extending to middle of pronotum. \i{}Color\i0{}. Mandible yellow. All tibiae
brown. \par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.54 mm; LM 0.76 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH
0.52; EV/HE 0.73; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 1.40; DM/LM 0.38;
FL/FW 2.44; HFL/HFW 2.93; A3 L/W 1.20; 2R1 L/W 2.63> 90<New South Wales and
Tasmania; probably also occurs in Victoria> 92<With 19 specimens, this species
is represented by the largest number of any of the new species treated here.
However, 16 of those are from a single locality. The coordinates listed on the
label of the type series are approximately 30km from the actual locality of
Dainers Gap. If it was erroneously recorded as a mix of decimal degrees and
decimal minutes then the coordinates are about 5km away, but still well outside
the range of error. Although widely separated, the specimens from Tasmania do
not differ from the NSW specimens except in having very slightly narrower fore
femora, well within the range of normal variation. In other measurements,
similar variation is found in both populations despite the limited sampling
available>

# \i{}Sierola disseminata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 67, 69> 3<A member of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head, somewhat flat dorsally and
long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna, lateral ocelli
separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle strongly acute. Separated
from similar species by having the head relatively deep for the group, DH/LH
0.49, mandible slightly twisted, clypeal carina not prolonged posteriorly above
the antennal sockets, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by less
than their diameter, and basal wing cells densely setose> 4<From the Latin
\i{}disseminatus\i0{}, spread or scattered, referring to the widely separated
distribution of this species and its closest relatives \i{}S. collina\i0{} and
\i{}S. confinis\i0{} along the eastern side> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Bellingham Dam, 117 Saltwood Rd;
41.0234\u176? S, 147.2119\u176? E; 15 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2;
TMAG F180579> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4 12,17/2 13,5 14,3 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,1 22,4 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,3 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,2 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,9 68,7 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.48
75,0.68 76,0.67 77,0.49 78,1.15 79,1.24 80,0.93 81,1.85 82,2.30 83,0.33 84,2.00
85,2.27 86,0.90 87,2.72 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola diversa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 41, 70> 3<Distinguished by the combination of the head moderately deep
(DH/LH 0.53\endash{}0.55) and convex dorsally; mandible moderately broad,
parallel-sided or very weakly concave ventrally, slightly twisted, and black;
lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest, ocellar triangle
strongly acute; and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
exleyae\i0{} sp. nov., which has the mandible very different, deeply concave
ventrally and not twisted> 4<From the Latin \i{}diversus\i0{}, turned away,
referring to the type locality on the inland side of the northern wet forest and
on a stream that flows away from the ocean for some distance before turning to
reach the sea> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Davies Ck. 18km EbyS Mareeba; 18 May 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C.
Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154829>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; Vine Ck. Rd.; 17\u176?41' S, 145\u176?32' E; elev. 1100 m; 24
Nov. 1994; G.B. Monteith leg.; Pyrethrum trees & logs; QM \bullet{} 1 \u9792?;
Upper Hall Ck., via Carmila; 21\u176?52' S, 149\u176?18' E; 4 Dec.
1996\endash{}6 Apr. 1997; G. Monteith & E. Mulder leg.; Intercept, RF at creek;
QM> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,3/17 13,2 14,3-4 15,2 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1
22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,1
39,1 40,2 41,2 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,5 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,2 59,2 60,14 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.80
75,0.86<0.80-0.86> 76,0.83 77,0.55<0.53-0.55> 78,0.59<0.52-0.68>
79,0.63<0.59-0.76> 80,0.93<0.88-0.93> 81,1.84<1.84-1.91> 82,1.56<1.56-1.77>
83,0.39 84,1.96<1.88-2.00> 85,1.99<1.91-1.99> 86,0.92<0.83-0.92> 87,2.78 88<N =
3> 90<Queensland; known from four specimens taken on the central to northern
coast>

# \i{}Sierola dolichops\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 71, 72> 3<A member of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.63\endash{}0.68),
flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna
(hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest,
and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar species by
having the clypeus very short, steep and straight in profile; mandible slightly
twisted and outwardly convex; dull, granular frons microsculpture; vertex
straight in dorsal view; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by less
than their diameter; and basal wing cells setose> 4<From the Greek
\i{}dolichos\i0{}, long, + \i{}ops\i0{}, face, referring to the shape of the
head and the similarity of this species to \i{}S. longifacies\i0{}>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Toogoom; 11 Oct. 1979; H.E. & M.A. Evans leg.; QM T262156> 7,10 8,8
10,6 11,4 12,19 13,6 14,4/5 15,11 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,15 41,1
42,6 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,2 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4
66,1 67,7 68,12 69,3 70,1 71,1/2 73,1 74,1.46 75,0.80 76,0.66 77,0.42 78,1.28
79,1.24 80,1.03 81,1.73 82,2.44 83,0.35 84,2.09 85,2.26 86,1.00 87,2.93
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the southeast coast>
92<The specimen is glued with the wings down, so the precise wing setation is
uncertain>

# \i{}Sierola dolichothrix\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 41, 73> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, dense frons punctation, and the basal wing
cells very densely setose. Closest to \i{}S. vulsa\i0{} sp. nov. in having the
long setae yellow-brown rather than black; joined with \i{}S. reburra\i0{} sp.
nov. in having the head narrow and a sharp, thin, laminate clypeal carina,
continuous from the anterior to dorsal surface between the antennal sockets,
distinguished by the yellow mandible and polished dorsal metasoma> 4<From the
Greek \i{}dolichos\i0{}, long, + \i{}thrix\i0{}, hair, referring to the very
long setae of the vertex and gena> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cow Bay, Cape Tribulation, Daintree
Discovery Centre; 16.2382\u176? S, 145.427\u176? E; elev. 86 m; 26
Oct.\endash{}2 Nov. 2014; C.J. Bennett leg.; Malaise Trap; ANIC 32-154830; BOLD:
sample ID BIOUG43544-H04, process ID GMQQD182-18, BIN ADX2126>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 12km SSE Heathlands; 11\u176?51' S, 142\u176?38' E; 22 Mar.\endash{}25
Apr. 1992; T. McLeod leg.; closed forest, Malaise {}#3 & {}#4; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 14km ENE Heathlands; 11\u176?41' S, 142\u176?42' E; 12 Aug.\endash{}9
Sept. 1993; P. Zborowski & S. Shattuck leg.; Flight Intercept Trap; ANIC> 7,10
8,8 10,3 11,3 12,1 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,6 24,6
25,3 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,5 39,2 40,4 41,2
42,1 44,1 45,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,13
60,12 61,3 63,19 64,9 65,11 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,7 72,1 73,1 74,1.31
75,0.73<0.67-0.73> 76,0.77<0.76-0.78> 77,0.48<0.48-0.51> 78,0.51<0.51-0.57>
79,0.59<0.57-0.63> 80,0.86<0.86-0.90> 81,1.78<1.67-1.78> 82,0.94<0.94-1.03>
83,0.33 84,1.96<1.89-1.96> 85,1.77<1.77-1.95> 86,0.91<0.82-0.91> 87,2.88 88<N =
3> 90<Queensland; known from two locations in the far north> 92<This and \i{}S.
reburra\i0{} sp. nov. are the only species with a distinct, high, sharp clypeal
carina treated here. There are likely other related species yet to be
discovered>

# \i{}Sierola elasson\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 67, 74> 3<Distinguished from most other species by having the head both
broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to \i{}S.
stilboparia\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the frons coriaceous, head not quite
as wide as long, broad hind femur, and gena with a distinctive smooth polished
area between the eye and a band of coarsely tesselate ventral sculpture.
Differing in having the vertex crest straight (not emarginate), head obtusely
angulate ventrally, and propodeum with an anterior raised, reticulate triangular
area narrowing to a distinct median carina> 4<From the Greek \i{}elasson\i0{},
smaller, for F.M. Littler who collected the two earliest specimens>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Bellingham; 41.016\u176? S, 147.197\u176? E; Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.;
Malaise trap; TMAG F180581> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Launceston; 12 Feb. 1914; SAMA 32-42901
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Launceston; 17 Dec. 1916; F.M. Littler leg.; SAMA 32-42926
\bullet{} 1 \u9794?; Launceston; 25 Dec. 1916; F.M. Littler leg.; SAMA 32-42072
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Launceston; SAMA 32-42933 \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?;
Bellingham; 41.016\u176? S, 147.197\u176? E; Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise
trap; TMAG F180582, F180583 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Bellingham Dam, 117 Saltwood
Rd; 41.0234\u176? S, 147.2119\u176? E; 15 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise
trap 2; TMAG F180580 \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Melbourne,
Werribee Gorge; 37\u176?40' S, 144\u176?20' E; 12 May 1993; P. Lillywhite leg.;
Melbourne Western Region Survey, Canopy Fogging Grey Box Woodland Rep. 2; MVMA
HYM-86604> 7,10 8,11/12 10,5 11,3/2 12,3/4 13,2 14,10 15,4 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,3 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-4 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1
36,1 37,1 38,3 39,1 40,7 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 53,3 54,13 55,4 56,1
57,1 58,2 59,1 60,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,3 69,3 70,1 71,1/5 72,1 73,1 74,2.24
75,1.21<1.20-1.35> 76,0.92<0.91-0.94> 77,0.64<0.60-0.64> 78,0.45<0.44-0.48>
79,0.46<0.46-0.50> 80,0.98<0.89-1.04> 81,1.81<1.75-1.92> 82,1.21<1.07-1.21>
83,0.43 84,1.89<1.73-1.89> 85,1.94<1.87-2.02> 86,1.29<1.08-1.29> 87,2.27 88<N =
4> 89<Similar to female with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Frons
microsculpture coriaceous, setae scarcely longer than flagellum width. Occipital
margin bluntly carinate behind lateral ocelli, broadly rounded laterally. Gena
ventral of eye with smooth patch well-defined as in female but with faint
reticulation, not highly polished. \par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.95 mm; LM
1.05 mm; WH/LH 0.95; DH/LH 0.61; EV/HE 0.52; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.83;
OOL/WOT 1.08; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.15; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/W 1.06; 2R1 L/W 2.67>
90<Tasmania and Victoria; known from two localities> 92<One of the female
paratypes has an associated cocoon, but no rearing information; it is also
heavily damaged and the metasoma is missing. While a number of species are found
in both Tasmania and Victoria, it is unusual that the closely related \i{}S.
stilboparia\i0{} sp. nov. is also found in the latter; however, it differs in a
number of distinct respects, and the Victoria specimen of \i{}S. elasson\i0{}
sp. nov. clearly matches the Tasmanian specimens rather than that species>

# \i{}Sierola elongata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 75> 3<A member of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.62\endash{}0.68),
flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna
(hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest,
and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar species by the
extreme head dimensions, very long and narrow, with the eyes small; clypeus
rounded and recurved in profile; mandible moderately broad and concave
ventrally, outwardly convex but not twisted; vertex slightly concave in dorsal
view; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by slightly more than their
length> 4<Named for the extremely long, narrow head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territory\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Trephina Gorge, east MacDonalds; 23\u176?32' S, 134\u176?23'
E; 17 Oct. 1995; K. Walker leg.; on \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; MVMA HYM-86597> 7,10
8,15 10,6 11,5 12,17/2 13,3 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,1
24,1 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,4 30,1 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,3
41,1 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1
60,1 61,3 63,1 65,11 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,1 70,2 71,3<?> 72,1 73,1 74,1.55 75,0.80
76,0.64 77,0.41 78,1.58 79,1.36 80,1.16 81,1.68 82,2.93 83,0.35 84,2.19 85,2.33
86,0.83 87,1.48 90<Northern Territory; known only from the holotype, collected
in the desert interior> 92<The basal wing cells are mostly obscured by glue and
the setation is unclear. The extreme head dimensions are close to an undescribed
species from Samoa, which however has cell 2R1 extremely long and narrow>

# \i{}Sierola erugata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 72, 76> 3<Part of the \i{}kalarku\i0{} species group, with the mandible
strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex
slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any trace of a
carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from related species
by the combination of the clypeus flat, malar space very small, frons sparsely
punctate, propodeum with a polished strip extending to the declivity, and vein
Rs not reaching the anterior wing margin. The frons is also more polished than
in similar species, with the microreticulation only faintly visible> 4<From the
Latin \i{}erugatus\i0{}, smooth and without wrinkles, referring to the smooth
frons> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Nangur State Forest; 26\u176?08' S, 151\u176?58' E; 24 Nov.
1995; G.B. Monteith leg.; Pyrethrum trees 6129; QM T262157>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Murwillumbah-Coffs Harbor Hwy 1; 2 Sep. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car
net; UCDC. \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Mt. Blackwood; 18
Nov. 1992; Monteith, Thompson & Janetzki leg.; Pyrethrum; QM> 7,10 8,8/9 10,4
11,3 12,5 13,4 14,13 15,3 16,4 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2
28,2 29,1 30,5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,1 38,1 39,1 40,11 41,2 42,1 44,3
45,2 46,2 47,1 48,3 50,2 51,1 53,3 54,6 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,2 59,13 60,1 61,3 63,1
65,14 66,14 67,28 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.23 75,0.72<0.69-0.76>
76,0.90<0.85-0.90> 77,0.55<0.50-0.55> 78,0.38<0.38-0.39> 79,0.44<0.43-0.45>
80,0.85<0.85-0.88> 81,1.88<1.80-1.88> 82,1.12<1.06-1.16> 83,0.35
84,1.93<1.93-2.05> 85,2.18<2.06-2.18> 86,0.86<0.80-0.92> 87,2.94 88<N = 3>
90<Queensland and New South Wales; known from three widely-separated specimens
in the eastern forest region>

# \i{}Sierola eurycephala\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 72, 77> 3<Easily recognized by the combination of head as wide or wider
than long and convex dorsally, mesosoma compressed, and ocellar triangle
strongly obtuse. The head is distinctly narrowed posterior of the eyes, giving
it a round appearance in dorsal view> 4<From the Greek \i{}eurys\i0{}, broad, +
\i{}kephalon\i0{}, head, referring to the head being wider than long>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Boggomoss 10 via Taroom; 25\u176?31' S, 150\u176?03' E; 13 Nov.
1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D. Cook & G. Monteith leg.; Baited Flight Intercept 063;
QM T33427> 7,10 8,8 10,4-5 11,2 12,4/3 13,2/3 14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,2 22,3 23,11 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1
37,5 38,3 39,2 40,3 41,2 42,1 43,1 44,5 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,6 53,1
54,5 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,10 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,11 69,1 70,1 71,1
72,1 73,2 74,1.65 75,0.92 76,1.03 77,0.48 78,0.37 79,0.36 80,1.05 81,1.80
82,0.74 83,0.32 84,1.71 85,1.92 86,1.30 87,2.35 90<Queensland; known only from
the holotype, collected in the southeast> 92<This species may be related to the
\i{}compressa\i0{} species group, but is distinctly different in having the head
clearly convex dorsally>

# \i{}Sierola euryops\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 67, 78> 3<A distinctive species, easily recognized by the quadrate head
which is more or less flat dorsally and ventrally, large eyes which are
distinctly convex medially, thus the frons narrow (WF/HE 0.78\endash{}0.81),
ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest
by about their length, and moderately broad mandible with the apex distinctly
broader than the base. Cell 2R1 of the fore wing is also unusually short and
broad> 4<From the Greek \i{}eurys\i0{}, wide, + \i{}ops\i0{}, eye, referring to
the unusually broad eyes and correspondingly narrow frons>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; F[ern]. T[ree]. Gully; 13 May 1917; E. 11-17[?]; MVMA HYM-86581>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?, 1 \u9794?; same data as for holotype; MVMA, HYM-86581 (all
mounted on a single card)\par{}> 7,10 8,11 10,6 11,5 12,18/2 13,5 14,2 15,2 16,2
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4-5 38,1 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1
52,6 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,2 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,9 68,5 69,1
70,1 71,2 72,2 73,2 74,2.12 75,1.04<0.98-1.04> 76,0.79<0.79-0.81>
77,0.52<0.52-0.53> 78,0.85<0.81-0.85> 79,1.05<1.03-1.09> 80,0.81<0.78-0.81>
81,2.24<2.24-2.37> 82,1.67<1.65-1.68> 83,0.39 84,2.48<2.38-2.48>
85,2.68<2.68-2.73> 86,1.00<0.94-1.00> 87,1.87 88<N = 3> 89<Similar to female
with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Generally much more short and
compact, not elongate and quadrate. Frons microsculpture finely reticulate.
Mesosoma. Femora very narrow. Color. Antenna nearly all yellow, tinged with
brown dorsally. Mandible yellow.\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.48 mm; LM
0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.60; EV/HE 0.63; EV/WF 0.73; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 2.07;
OOL/WOT 1.05; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.59; HFL/HFW 2.93; A3 L/W 1.20; 2R1 L/W 1.68>
90<Victoria; known only from the type series, collected in Melbourne> 92<There
are four specimens mounted on one card; the bottom right one (as viewed with the
pin at the bottom center) is the holotype, the others are paratypes>

# \i{}Sierola exilis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 67, 79> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Readily distinguished from all others by
the extremely flattened body, with the mesosoma about 4 times as long as deep
and head about 3 times as long as deep, and smooth frons microsculpture. Closest
to \i{}S. mirabilis\i0{} sp. nov., which is even more flattened and has the
mandible very narrow including at the base> 4<From the Latin \i{}exilis\i0{},
thin, referring to the extremely flattened body>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 19km NWbyN St Helens; 41\u176?11' S, 148\u176?07' E; 14 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154831> 7,10 8,12 10,5-6 11,4-5
12,3/17 13,2 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,1
28,3 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,4 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,16 41,1 42,5
43,1 44,5 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,4 53,1 54,5 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,1
61,1 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,2 73,1 74,1.62 75,0.83 76,0.88
77,0.31 78,0.94 79,0.71 80,1.31 81,1.60 82,1.89 83,0.25 84,2.05 85,2.10 86,0.93
87,2.69 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola exleyae\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 72, 80> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and
basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad
frons, clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina dorsally, head moderately broad
and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli distinctly
separated from the vertex crest. Closest to \i{}S. lacustris\i0{} sp. nov. and
\i{}S. ovata\i0{} sp. nov.; separated from the former by the coriaceous frons
microsculpture, vertex not carinate between the lateral ocelli, narrower frons
(WF/HE ~1.10 vs. 1.15\endash{}1.20), and head slightly deeper (DH/LH ~0.57 vs.
0.53\endash{}0.54), and from the latter by the sparsely setose basal wing cells,
more elongate cell 2R1, and more elongate clypeus in profile. Additionally
separated from both by the median polished strip of the propodeum\par{}> 4<Named
for the collector, Dr. Elizabeth M. Exley, a noted hymenopterist at the
University of Queensland> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Mt. Gosford; 7 Nov. 1965; E.M. Exley leg.;
\i{}Lophostemon\i0{}; QM T262158> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Chalamar [=Chelmer?]; 5 Sep. 1979; G.
Gordh, C. Dahma leg.; UCRC 556766> 7,10 8,8/9 10,5 11,4 12,17 13,2 14,11 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,1 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-2 31,1
32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,2 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3
51,1 52,6 53,3 54,6 55,7 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,14 61,7 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,5
69,1 70,1 71,2 72,2 73,1 74,1.74 75,0.91 76,0.82 77,0.57 78,0.79 79,0.71 80,1.11
81,1.71 82,1.55 83,0.37 84,2.13 85,2.19 86,1.08 87,2.56 90<Queensland and New
South Wales; known from two specimens, both taken near the coast>

# \i{}Sierola ficicola\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 81, 90> 3<Namesake of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head
flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna
short. Closest to \i{}S. carruca\i0{} sp. nov., joined in having the lateral
ocelli somewhat close to the vertex crest which is not carinate behind;
separated by the reddish brown mandible and deeper head (DH/LH ~0.52) which is
moderately setose ventrally> 4<Named for the collection of the type at the
Curtain Fig tree, near Yungaburra> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Curtain Fig, 2km SSW Yungaburra;
17\u176?17' S, 145\u176?34' E; 28 Jan. 1988; D.C.F. Rentz leg.; pantraps; ANIC
32-154832> 7,10 8,8 10,5-6 11,4-5 12,3 13,2 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,5
38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,5 44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,6 50,3 51,1 52,4 53,3 54,2 55,3
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1
74,1.32 75,0.69 76,0.74 77,0.52 78,1.04 79,1.00 80,1.04 81,1.76 82,1.99 83,0.36
84,1.95 85,2.00 86,0.92 87,2.94 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype,
collected in northern rain forest>

# \i{}Sierola filicis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 82, 83> 3<Readily distinguished by the glabrous basal wing cells,
distinctly infuscate wings, entirely microreticulate propodeum, distinct malar
space, and mandible strongly convex outwardly. Closest to \i{}S. acta\i0{} sp.
nov., \i{}S. infecta\i0{} sp. nov., and \i{}S. peras\i0{} sp. nov., all of which
have the wings hyaline and mandible not convex outwardly. In addition, the two
former have a polished area on the propodeum, while the latter has the ocellar
triangle wider (OOL/WOT ~1.03 vs. 1.39 in \i{}S. filicis\i0{}) and antenna short
(A3 wider than long; distinctly longer than wide in \i{}S. filicis\i0{})> 4<From
the Latin \i{}filicis\i0{}, fern, referring to the collection of the holotype>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Kosziuscko; 36.0879\u176? S, 148.183\u176? E; 13 Dec 2019; K. Magnacca
leg.; fern gully, sweeping ferns; ANIC 32-154833> 7,10 8,9 10,4-5 11,4 12,4 13,5
14,14 15,4 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,4 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3
31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,2
50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,7 60,17 61,2 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,7
68,15 69,4 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.95 75,1.02 76,0.83 77,0.57 78,0.52 79,0.60
80,0.86 81,1.93 82,1.39 83,0.40 84,1.95 85,2.45 86,1.51 87,2.72 90<New South
Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in montane rainforest near the
border with Victoria>

# \i{}Sierola flavicauda\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 84> 3<The bright yellow metasoma makes this species unique in the
genus, and the broad, relatively deep head is also distinctive> 4<From the Latin
\i{}flavus\i0{}, yellow, + \i{}caudus\i0{}, tail, referring to the yellow
metasoma> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Sydney; A.M. Lea leg.; SAMA 32-42918> 7,10 8,9 10,6 11,5 12,3
13,5 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,13 24,1 25,11 26,1 28,1
29,3 30,2 31,1 32,4 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,4 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,2 53,3 54,3 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,3 60,14 61,13 62,3 63,19 64,10 65,13
66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,1 74,2.77 75,1.39 76,1.00 77,0.58 78,0.74
79,0.53 80,1.40 81,1.66 82,1.53 83,0.41 84,2.31 85,2.86 86,1.80 87,2.21 90<New
South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near Sydney>

# \i{}Sierola furtiva\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 85> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose;
belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and
head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to \i{}S. specularis\i0{} sp. nov.
in having the mandible strongly convex outwardly and basal wing cells sparsely
setose; separated by the weakly acute ocellar triangle with the lateral ocelli
slightly removed from the vertex crest, coriaceous frons microsculpture, and
posterior margin of cell 1M weakly convex with the distal corner more angulate>
4<From the Latin \i{}furtivus\i0{}, concealed or furtive, from the adaptation of
this species to sneaking into the concealed hiding places of its prey>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra; 2 Jun. 1948; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC
32-154834> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10
8,10 10,5 11,4 12,2/17 13,2 14,23 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2
24,2 25,1-2 26,1 28,3 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,4 35,2 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1
40,17 41,1 42,2 43,1 44,5 45,2 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,2 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2
59,7 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,11 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1 74,2.11
75,1.14<0.92-1.14> 76,0.88<0.88-0.90> 77,0.40<0.36-.040> 78,0.68<0.66-0.71>
79,0.55<0.55-0.59> 80,1.22<1.17-1.22> 81,1.59<1.59-1.65> 82,1.64<1.55-1.70>
83,0.31 84,1.81<1.81-2.00> 85,1.83<1.83-1.93> 86,0.86<0.77-0.86> 87,2.40 88<N =
3> 90<Australian Capital Territory; known only from one collection>

# \i{}Sierola gingera\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 86> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing
cells setose, distinguished from most others by the elongate, conspicuous vertex
and gena setae and somewhat strongly compressed head (DH/LH ~0.47). Closest to
\i{}S. boggomoss\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the strongly obtuse ocellar
triangle, with the lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and more
densely setose basal wing cells> 4<Named for the type locality, Mt. Gingera>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Mt. Gingera; 4 Feb. 1965; D.H. Colless leg.;
ANIC 32-154835> 7,10 8,10 10,4 11,3 12,7 13,2 14,10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,2
20,2 21,2 22,2 23,2 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,3 38,3 39,3 40,2 41,3 42,3 44,1 45,2 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,1 51,1 53,3 54,2 55,3
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,15 66,1 67,7 68,2 69,3 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2
74,2.09 75,1.16 76,0.87 77,0.47 78,0.70 79,0.63 80,1.11 81,1.76 82,1.20 83,0.32
84,2.10 85,2.19 86,1.00 87,2.45 90<Australian Capital Territory; known only from
the holotype> 92<This species is somewhat undistinctive, but the combination of
characters listed in the diagnosis easily separates it from all others>

# \i{}Sierola glutinata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 72, 87> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately
deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through
the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish
brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
ustulata\i0{} sp. nov. in lacking a distinct malar space and having the head
strongly convex ventrally; distinguished by the narrow frons, slightly more
compressed head, and ventral margin of the mandible less conspicuously concave>
4<From the Latin \i{}glutinatus\i0{}, glued, referring to the excess glue on the
holotype> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Mt. Glorious; 13 Feb.\endash{}19 Jul. 1991; A. Hiller leg.;
malaise tr.; QM T262159> 7,10 8,8 10,5-6 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,10 15,4 16,2 17,3
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3-2 31,4 32,1 33,2
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 51,1 52,2 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,2 65,1 66,3-4 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2
73,1 74,1.58 75,0.78 76,0.84 77,0.59 78,0.58 79,0.71 80,0.82 81,2.06 82,1.51
83,0.42 84,2.00 85,2.65 86,1.22 87,2.69 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype, collected near Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola glyphognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 88> 3<A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable by the
peculiar mandible which is deeply notched near the base, broadest at the medial
bend, and slightly narrowed at the apex. In addition, the clypeus is flat
dorsally but sharply carinate anteriorly, basal wing cells very densely setose,
and distal portion of vein Rs does not reach the anterior wing margin> 4<From
the Greek \i{}glyphis\i0{}, notch, + \i{}gnathos\i0{}, jaw, referring to the
deep concavity at the base of the mandible> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Ewart Ck; 41\u176?58' S,
145\u176?28' E; 16 Jan.\endash{}2 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.;
Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154836> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR;
39.9441\u176? S, 143.9905\u176? E; 19 Nov\endash{}16 Dec 2023; S.J. Grove, L.
Cambra, M. Beattie leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F152997, F180574 \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S, 143.9905\u176? E; 18 Dec
2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F152995>
7,10 8,12 10,1 11,1 12,21 13,2 14,16 15,4 16,2 17,7 18,2 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,8 24,3 25,2-3 26,1 27,3 28,4 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3
38,5 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,4 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,2 52,5 53,3 54,1 55,1 56,1 57,3
58,2 59,4 60,8 61,13 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,7 69,2 70,4 71,1 72,1 73,3 74,1.62
75,0.79<0.76-0.85> 76,0.93<0.92-0.95> 77,0.62<0.60-0.62> 78,0.33<0.32-0.36>
79,0.37<.035-0.38> 80,0.91<0.90-0.93> 81,1.81<1.74-1.84> 82,0.96<0.91-0.98>
83,0.39 84,2.17<2.00-2.17> 85,2.38<2.27-2.38> 86,1.14<1.14-1.32> 87,3.29 88<N =
4> 90<Tasmania; known from the holotype and a series of specimens collected on
King Island> 92<This striking species appears to be have a mix of characters
from several seemingly unrelated species groups. The frons and clypeus resemble
those of the \i{}contracta\i0{} complex, while the mandible is very similar to
that of \i{}S. koa\i0{} Fullaway, 1920 of Hawaii. Among species treated here it
most closely resembles \i{}S. opprimator\i0{} sp. nov., but the notched mandible
and narrower head, and different clypeus immediately distinguish it>

# \i{}Sierola gudang\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 89, 90> 3<United with \i{}S. truncata\i0{} sp. nov. by the unusual
clypeus, which is high and weakly carinate dorsally, abruptly truncate apically,
with a distinct vertical surface visible in lateral view. Separated by having
the mandible concave ventrally, narrowed just beyond the base and expanded
medially, slightly constricted again near the teeth; basal cells of the fore
wing sparsely setose; head shorter behind the eyes, EV/HE 0.50\endash{}0.75; and
frons narrower, WF/HE ~0.90> 4<Named for the Gudang people, the Aboriginal
inhabitants of the tip of Cape York> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 2km S Cape York; 10\u176?43' S,
142\u176?32' E; 20 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann & P. Zborowski leg.; open for.; ANIC
32-154837> 7,10 8,8 10,6 11,5 12,14 13,13 14,26 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4
38,3 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,2 53,2 54,5 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,11 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,18 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,2 72,1
73,1 74,1.19 75,0.61 76,0.84 77,0.55 78,0.63 79,0.70 80,0.90 81,1.87 82,1.65
83,0.38 84,1.89 85,2.09 86,1.00 87,2.82 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype, collected near the tip of Cape York> 92<The unusual clypeus is very
similar to \i{}S. truncata\i0{} sp. nov., but it is different in many other
respects, as listed in the diagnosis. The unusual mandible, narrowing at the
apex, is especially notable>

# \i{}Sierola helena\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 72, 91> 3<A somewhat nondescript species, identifiable by the combination
of the head dorsally convex and compressed in lateral view (DH/LH ~0.53), frons
not particularly broad, clypeus rounded and recurved apically, and basal wing
cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S. terpsilithus\i0{} sp. nov., differing
in the distinctly rounded, broader head (WH/LH 0.79, OOL/WOT 1.39), laterally
angulate between the posterior eye margin and occiput> 4<From the type locality,
St. Helena Creek> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South
Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; \ldblquote{}St. Helena\rdblquote{} via Wollomombi;
23 Apr. 1973; I. Naumann leg.; Open Forest; long grass; QM T262160> 7,10 8,9
10,4-5 11,3 12,6 13,3 14,11 15,1 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2
25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,3 40,3 41,2
42,2 44,5 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,9
60,10 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,3 67,7 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,2/5 72,1 73,1 74,1.46 75,0.82
76,0.88 77,0.53 78,0.54 79,0.57 80,0.95 81,1.84 82,1.10 83,0.36 84,2.00 85,2.00
86,1.00 87,2.94 90<New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in
the northeast>

# \i{}Sierola infecta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 92> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the basal wing cells nearly
glabrous, clypeus short and semi-elliptical, and head moderately deep and convex
dorsally and ventrally. Separated from similar species by the deep head (DH/LH
~0.61), black mandible which is not twisted or outwardly convex, distinct malar
space, and propodeal disc with a triangular polished area on the posterior 2/3,
narrowed anteriorly (in most species with a polished area it is parallel-sided,
or triangular and located on the anterior portion). The pale spots on the head
are distinctive but not always clearly visible> 4<From the Latin
\i{}infectus\i0{}, stained, referring to the discolored face>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Collinsvale; elev. 300 m; 2 Feb. 1983; M.A. Williams leg.; M.T.; SAMA>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; King Is., Martha Lavinia Rd., heathland; 39.6567\u176? S,
144.0678\u176? E; 18 Dec 2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap
series 3; TMAG F180576, F180577> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,23 15,1 16,4
17,7 18,2 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,2
34,2 35,1 36,8 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,5
53,4 54,9 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,9 60,15 61,2 62,3 63,20 64,11 65,4 66,1 67,8
68,13 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.81 75,0.88<0.88-1.01> 76,0.88<0.86-0.88>
77,0.61<0.59-0.61> 78,0.53<0.47-0.53> 79,0.61<0.52-0.61> 80,0.88<0.88-0.89>
81,1.95<1.88-1.95> 82,1.11<1.04-1.11> 83,0.42 84,1.84<1.84-1.97>
85,2.52<2.38-2.52> 86,1.42<1.42-1.43> 87,2.30 88<N = 3> 90<Tasmania; known from
two collections> 92<The holotype has very distinct pale orange-brown marks on
the anterodorsal and anteroventral eye margins; in the paratypes these are
present but much fainter>

# \i{}Sierola intermedia\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 90, 93> 3<Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head,
separated from the \i{}compressa\i0{} group by the relatively long, quadrate
head. Distinguished from other similar species by having the ocellar triangle
strongly acute, basal wing cells densely setose, and mandible reddish brown>
4<Referring to the type locality on the border between the wet and dry zones of
Queensland> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 6km WbyS Paluma; 11 May 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale
leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154838> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Davies Ck. Road, 20 km
SE Mareeba, elev. 750 m; 17 Dec. 1989; Monteith & Thompson leg.; Pyrethrum, logs
& trees; QM \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 3 km S Mt. Spurgeon; 16\u176?27' S,
145\u176?11' E; 20\endash{}22 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; open forest; QM
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Baldy Mt Rd, 3.3 km from S. end; 17\u176?20' S,
145\u176?25' E; elev. 1100 m; 30 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM> 7,10 8,8
10,5-6 11,4-5 12,17 13,2 14,5 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,8 24,1
25,2 26,2 28,7 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2
42,1 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1
61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.99 75,0.97<0.86-0.98>
76,0.77<0.75-0.79> 77,0.42<0.42-0.44> 78,1.13<1.09-1.14> 79,1.04<1.00-1.07>
80,1.09<1.05-1.09> 81,1.71<1.71-1.81> 82,2.53<2.38-2.63> 83,0.29
84,2.13<2.13-2.27> 85,2.32<2.32-2.58> 86,1.11<1.10-1.22> 87,3.05 88<N = 5>
90<North Queensland. Collected at several localities in rain forest between
Townsville and Port Douglas>

# \i{}Sierola intonsa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 83, 94> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep
(DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex
crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to \i{}S.
nitidigena\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. pelion\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the moderately
narrow mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex
outwardly, distinct malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated
from the former by the narrow hind femur, gena reticulate posterolaterally, and
S6 glabrous medially; and from the latter by the narrower frons with smoother
sculpture, and narrow, parallel-sided cell 1M. Also close to \i{}S.
nesomeson\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. paraglutinata\i0{} sp. nov., as the mandible
may be slightly reddish brown; separated from those species by the generally
darker color and lack of a short carina between the lateral ocelli. The head is
also more flattened dorsally and ventrally, giving it a distinctly different
appearance from all the above species> 4<From the Latin \i{}intonsus\i0{},
unshaved, referring to the coarse appearance of the gena>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Upper Williams R.; Oct. 1926; Lea & Wilson leg.; SAMA 32-42927>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; Mt Barrow 11km E by N Nunamara; 41\u176?23' S, 147\u176?25' E;
30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC> 7,10 8,9/12
10,4-5 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,2 24,2
25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2
42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,15
61,11 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,2 70,2 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.65
75,0.83<0.80-0.91> 76,0.86<0.83-0.86> 77,0.57<0.57-0.59> 78,0.54<0.54-0.58>
79,0.58<0.58-0.62> 80,0.92<0.92-0.94> 81,1.89<1.82-1.89> 82,1.25<1.19-1.25>
83,0.42 84,2.00 85,2.45<2.45-2.70> 86,1.30<1.30-1.37> 87,2.81 88<N = 3> 90<New
South Wales and Tasmania; known only from two collections> 92<This species is
very similar to \i{}S. pelion\i0{} sp. nov. and was initially thought to be
conspecific with it, but the features separating them are very consistent in the
long series of the latter. The overall appearance of the head in both dorsal and
lateral view is also different as shown in the figures. The two Tasmania
specimens, taken alongside one of \i{}S. pelion\i0{}, have slightly finer
sculpture than the type but clearly have the characters of the frons width,
femur width, and cell 1M shape of \i{}S. intonsa\i0{} sp. nov.>

# \i{}Sierola isolata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 95> 3<Differing from most other species by the combination of basal
wing cells sparsely setose, mandible moderately broad and distinctly concave
ventrally, and clypeus semicircular. Forming a species pair with \i{}S.
ambitiosa\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the head moderately compressed (DH/LH
~0.50), vertex slightly bulging and carinate between the lateral ocelli, and the
mandible broadest at about 2/3 its length and slightly narrowed at the apex.
Separated by having the coxae and femora entirely brown and OOL/WOT lower, ~1.43
vs. 1.60\endash{}1.70> 4<From the Latin \i{}isolatus\i0{}, isolated, referring
to the unique type from Augustus Island> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Augustus Island CALM
Site 26/1; 15\u176?25' S, 124\u176?38' E; 11\endash{}16 Jun. 1988; I.D. Naumann
leg.; Malaise, trough, and pan traps, closed forest and margins; ANIC 32-154839>
7,10 8,14 10,4 11,3 12,11 13,2 14,26 15,1 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,8 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,7 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1
40,3 41,1 42,1 46,3 47,2 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,4 54,1 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2
63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.23 75,0.70 76,0.80
77,0.50 78,0.64 79,0.72 80,0.88 81,1.93 82,1.43 83,0.35 84,2.00 85,2.06 86,0.87
87,2.82 90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the
Kimberley region> 92<See comments under \i{}S. ambitiosa\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola jubaris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 96, 97> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and
weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons moderately broad, mandible reddish
brown to black and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated
from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the very short
clypeus which is steep and nearly straight in profile. Closest to \i{}S.
leptadelpha\i0{} sp. nov., which has the mandible distinctly broader, hind femur
broader (HFL/HFW \u8804?2.40), frons broader (WF/HE \u8805?1.20), and OOL/WOT
\u8804?2.00> 4<From the Latin \i{}iubaris\i0{}, sunshine, from the type locality
in the area of the Sunshine Coast> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Woombye, near Nambour; 11\endash{}16 Oct.
1965; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC 32-154840> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Binna Burra, Lamington Nat.
Park; 27 May 1966; Z. Liepa leg.; ANIC> 7,10 8,8 10,5-6 11,4 12,3 13,5 14,11
15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,1
32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,2
51,2 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,8 68,1
69,1 70,2 71,1/2 72,1 73,2 74,1.61 75,0.82 76,0.82 77,0.49 78,0.88 79,0.76
80,1.09 81,1.73 82,1.82 83,0.36 84,2.25 85,2.28 86,1.17 87,2.47 90<Queensland;
known from two specimens, both taken on the southeast coast>

# \i{}Sierola kalarku\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 98, 110> 3<Namesake of the \i{}kalarku\i0{} species group, with the
mandible strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal
view, vertex slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any
trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from
related species by the combination of the head ventrally weakly convex (without
a distinct genal angle), malar space distinct, propodeum with a polished basal
triangle extending only 1/3 distance to the declivity, and vein Rs joining the
anterior wing margin> 4<Named for the Kalarku people (alt. Kalaako, Galaagu),
the Aboriginal inhabitants of the area where the type was collected>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Moir's Rock, 42 km NNW Salmon Gums; 32\u176?39' S,
121\u176?25' E; 3 Jan. 1987; G. and A. Daniels leg.; QM T262161> 7,10 8,14 10,4
11,3 12,5<basally somewhat convex> 13,4 14,13 15,3 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,4
22,3/4 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4
38,3 39,1 40,5 41,2 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,7 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1
74,1.26 75,0.75 76,0.83 77,0.49 78,0.46 79,0.48 80,0.95 81,1.84 82,1.38 83,0.35
84,2.00 85,2.06 86,1.00 87,2.92 90<Western Australia; known only from the
holotype, collected in the semi-arid zone>

# \i{}Sierola kimseyana\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 99, 101> 3<Forming a species pair with \i{}S. badiorostris\i0{} sp. nov.
in having the the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, head somewhat compressed
(DH/LH ~0.50), transverse propodeal carina present, and occipital margin
narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli. Differing in having the clypeus
dorsally with a low sharp carina rather than angulate or rounded, smaller
OOL/WOT (1.14 vs. 1.44), and braoder fore femur> 4<Named for the collectors,
Robert and Lynn Kimsey of the University of California, Davis>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Eyre Peninsula, 5 km NE Coffin Bay; 14 Nov. 1992; R.B. & L.S. Kimsey
leg.; ex. bottlebrush; UCDC> 7,10 8,13 10,5 11,2 12,17/2 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3/4 26,2 28,7 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,3 40,4 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,3 50,1 51,1
52,7 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,2
70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2 74,1.86 75,0.92 76,0.84 77,0.51 78,0.55 79,0.58 80,0.95
81,1.82 82,1.14 83,0.35 84,1.96 85,2.21 86,1.32 87,2.53 90<South Australia;
known only from the holotype, collected near the tip of the Eyre Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola koala\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 100, 101> 3<Part of a species complex with \i{}S. platyrhyncha\i0{} sp.
nov. and \i{}S. samiata\i0{} sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus
which is curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad
and compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the other two
by having the basal wing cells sparsely setose rather than glabrous, frons
distinctly broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle front angle right to
weakly acute rather than strongly obtuse, and propodeum with a narrow polished
strip> 4<Named for the resemblance of the large polished clypeus to the
prominent black nose of the iconic Australian mammal>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; The Grampians, Rose\rquote{}s Gap; 3\endash{}5 Mar. 1990; R. Wharton
leg.; SAMA> 7,10 8,11 10,14 11,4 12,16 13,11 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,2 19,3
20,19 21,3 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,4 26,3 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,4-3 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1
35,3 36,1 37,5 38,5 39,3 40,3 41,1 42,1 44,3 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,5 51,1 52,1 53,1
54,6 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,9 60,13 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2
72,1 73,2 74,1.55 75,0.88 76,0.93 77,0.41 78,0.45 79,0.36 80,1.26 81,1.66
82,1.13 83,0.38 84,1.80 85,2.24 86,1.30 87,2.67 90<Victoria; known only from the
holotype collected in the Grampian range>

# \i{}Sierola kuranda\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 97, 102> 3<Part of the large group of species with the head convex
dorsally and ventrally and basal wing cells setose. Easily recognized by the
unusual mandible, abruptly constricted at the basal 1/6 and then gradually
broadened apically. The frons microsculpture is also heterogeneous, granular and
dull between the eyes and distinctly smoother posteriorly. Superficially similar
to \i{}S. ambitiosa\i0{} sp. nov., including in the intermediate setation of the
basal wing cells, but the mandibles are distinctly different and the clypeus is
more clearly carinate> 4<Named for the type locality>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 1.5km SE Kuranda; 16\endash{}17 May 1980; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale
leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154841> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Kuranda Range State Forest;
20 Apr. 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Brisbane,
Indooroopilly, Univ. of Qld. Expt. Mine; 3 Nov. 1979; J.B. Woolley & J. LaSalle
leg.; UCRC 537460> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,2/17 13,2 14,20 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,6 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2
36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,5 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,11 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,1
72,1 73,1 74,1.68 75,0.85<1.00-1.14> 76,0.82<0.80-0.84> 77,0.56<0.55-0.56>
78,0.76<0.72-0.77> 79,0.69<0.62-0.70> 80,1.11<1.11-1.17> 81,1.71<1.69-1.71>
82,1.60<1.58-1.65> 83,0.43 84,2.00<2.00-2.14> 85,2.10<2.10-2.15>
86,1.10<1.00-1.11> 87,2.60 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known only from three
collections, but widely distributed from Cairns to Brisbane> 92<The deep basal
notch of the mandible is almost unique; a few other species have it deeply
incised at the base but with the apical portion somewhat clubbed, rather than
otherwise normal and elongate as here>

# \i{}Sierola lacertella\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 101, 103> 3<Resembling species of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group in
having the head compressed and flat dorsally and ventrally and frons only
moderately broad, but the head is wider than any of the other species (WH/LH
0.80\endash{}0.84) and the antenna is much longer, extending well beyond the
posterior margin of the head. These characters combined with the narrow fore
femur (FL/FW ~2.5) and curved clypeus separate it from all others> 4<From the
diminutive of the Latin \i{}lacertus\i0{}, upper arm, referring to the thin fore
femur> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S, 143.9905\u176? E; 18 Dec
2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180565>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S, 143.9905\u176? E; 19
Nov\endash{}16 Dec 2023; S.J. Grove, L. Cambra, M. Beattie leg.; Malaise trap
series 3; TMAG F152996> 7,10 8,12 10,12 11,5 12,3 13,5 14,5 15,2 16,3 17,2 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8<sparser posteriorly> 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,7 29,2 30,3-2
31,1 32,1 33,4 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,3 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1
48,2 50,2 52,6 53,4<only anterolaterally, otherwise smoothly reticulate> 54,2
55,1 56,1 57,4 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,29 68,5 69,1 70,2 71,1 72,1
73,1 74,1.64 75,0.77 76,0.84 77,0.48 78,1.10 79,0.94 80,1.16 81,1.72 82,2.13
83,0.32 84,2.53 85,2.57 86,1.30 87,2.82 90<Tasmania; known from two specimens
collected on King Island>

# \i{}Sierola lacustris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 101, 104> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and
basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad
frons (WF/HE 1.15\endash{}1.20), clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina
dorsally, head moderately broad and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally,
and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest. Closest to \i{}S.
exleyae\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. ovata\i0{} sp. nov.; separated from both by the
colliculate frons microsculpture, vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral
ocelli, and head slightly more compressed (DH/LH 0.53\endash{}0.54 vs.
0.57\endash{}0.58)> 4<From the Latin \i{}lacus\i0{}, lake, referring to the
numerous artificial lakes in the area of the type collection>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 14km S Bronte Park; 42\u176?15' S, 146\u176?29' E; 15 Jan.\endash{}3
Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154842>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 3km EbyS Montumana;
40\u176?58' S, 145\u176?33' E; 19 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Frodshams Pass; 42\u176?49' S, 146\u176?23'
E; 24\endash{}25 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC>
7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4 12,2/17 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3
23,1 24,2 25,11 26,2 28,7 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1
40,4 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,2
59,9 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,13 69,3 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1 74,2.11
75,1.00<0.93-1.02> 76,0.86<0.82-0.86> 77,0.53<0.53-0.54> 78,0.80<0.74-0.82>
79,0.66<0.64-0.69> 80,1.20<1.15-1.20> 81,1.66<1.63-1.71> 82,1.65<1.62-1.76>
83,0.41 84,2.40<2.32-2.40> 85,2.50<2.45-2.56> 86,1.37<1.21-1.37> 87,2.62 88<N =
4> 90<Tasmania; known from four specimens collected across the western half of
the island>

# \i{}Sierola lapis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 90, 105> 3<An aberrant member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group,
with the head flattened and frons broad but mesosoma not compressed. Closest to
\i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. planifrons\i0{} sp. nov., separated by
having the head rather narrow (WH/LH ~0.79), clypeus elongate in profile and
semi-elliptical but very broad, and mandible yellow> 4<From the Latin
\i{}lapis\i0{}, stone, referring to the resemblance of the head to a skipping
stone. It is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Coleman River; 14\u176?48' S,
143\u176?22' E; 26 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann & P. Zborowski leg.; ANIC 32-154843>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,17 13,11 14,20 15,1
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,3 24,3 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,4 32,1
33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,3 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1
52,2 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,8 61,3 63,1 65,11 66,5 67,15 69,1
70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,1.92 75,1.02 76,0.79 77,0.43 78,0.80 79,0.67 80,1.18
81,1.63 82,1.86 83,0.36 84,2.10 85,2.38 86,1.30 87,2.47 90<Queensland; known
only from the holotype, collected the far north> 92<This unusual species is
probably related to \i{}S. planifrons\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the robust mesosoma
which is unlike the defining character of the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group.
However, the head is of the typical elongate, flattened shape, very similar to
\i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola latens\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 101, 106> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head flat dorsally and
ventrally, and elongate posterior of the eyes but frons not particularly broad.
Closest in general appearance to \i{}S. adelaidensis\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S.
comparata\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the slightly carinate vertex behind the ocelli;
distinctly different from those and all other similar species by the distinctly
elongate clypeus, especially prominent in lateral view. The setation of the
basal wing cells is also unusual, mostly glabrous with cell R densely setose
distally> 4<From the Latin \i{}latens\i0{}, concealed or hidden, referring to
the single specimen of this species found among a long series of \i{}S.
disjuncta\i0{} from the same locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Dainers Gap; 36\u176?12'
S, 148\u176?43' E; elev. 1585 m; 13 Dec. 1973; P. Morrow leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus
pauciflora\i0{}; ANIC 32-154844> 7,10 8,9 10,4 11,3 12,3/2 13,11 14,4 15,2 16,3
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,7 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,4
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,2 44,5 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,1
54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 60,11 61,11 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,3 70,1
71,4 72,1 73,1 74,1.70 75,0.83 76,0.72 77,0.47 78,0.97 79,1.00 80,0.97 81,1.84
82,1.77 83,0.35 84,2.20 85,2.42 86,1.00 87,2.53 90<New South Wales; known only
from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola latifrons\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 107, 108> 3<Superficially similar to other species with the head
compressed and flat dorsally and ventrally, mandible reddish brown and
distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex
crest. Closest to \i{}S. leptadelpha\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the broad frons and
densely setose basal wing cells; separated by the distinctly curved clypeus in
profile, mandible not twisted, flat dorsum of the head, and broader femora>
4<From the Latin \i{}latus\i0{}, broad, + \i{}frons\i0{}, front, referring to
the wide frons> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Acacia Ridge nr. Brisbane; 30 Dec. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC
556777> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,3 12,3/17 13,5 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1
22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,1 33,3 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,4-5 38,3
39,1 40,3 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 53,2 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2
61,3 63,2 65,11 66,3 67,20 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.61 75,0.84 76,0.84
77,0.48 78,1.00 79,0.82 80,1.22 81,1.68 82,1.97 83,0.38 84,2.07 85,2.24 86,1.00
87,3.11 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola leeuwinensis\i0{} <Turner, 1915>/
1<Figs 109, 110> 2<\i{}Sierola leeuwinensis\i0{} Turner, 1915:68> 3<A member of
the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with the head large and flat dorsally and
ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well
removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to \i{}S. capitata\i0{} sp. nov.
and \i{}S. stipulata\i0{} sp. nov. with the femora dark, head posterior of the
eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the vertex by 2\endash{}3 ocellus
lengths. Distinguished by the head shape, dorsally slightly concave in lateral
view between the eyes and ocelli and vertex slightly but distinctly concave, and
lacking dense ventral setation> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; S.W. Australia, Yallingup;
1\endash{}12 Dec. 1913; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK> 6<\b{}Other
material\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 3
\u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; NHMUK \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?;
Dongarra; 6\endash{}19 May 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK \bullet{} 4
\u9792?\u9792?; Dongarra; 13\endash{}22 Aug. 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK
\bullet{} 10 \u9792?\u9792?; Dongarra; 23 Aug.\endash{}5 Sep. 1935; R.E. Turner
leg.; NHMUK \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Dongarra; 11\endash{}28 Oct. 1935; R.E. Turner
leg.; NHMUK \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Dongarra; 22 Aug.\endash{}5 Sep. 1936 [possible
misprinted label for 23 Aug-5 Sep 1935]; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK> 7,10 8,14 10,6
11,4 12,3 13,3 14,4 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,3
28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 32,3 33,5 34,3 35,1 36,2 37,4 38,3 39,1 41,1 42,6 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,2 50,3 53,3 54,1 55,2 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 61,3 63,1 65,9 66,1 67,4 69,1
70,1 71,2 74,2.18 75,1.17 76,0.80 77,0.51 78,1.25 79,0.94 80,1.33 81,1.58
82,2.35 83,0.42 84,2.18 90<Western Australia; known from several collections at
two localities on the southwestern coast> 92<Although numerous specimens were
obtained in the original series, this species has not been collected since 1935.
\i{}Sierola gilbertae\i0{} Ward of New Zealand fits in between \i{}S.
leeuwinensis\i0{} and \i{}S. capitata\i0{} sp. nov. in having the basal wing
cells nearly glabrous and vertex nearly straight like the latter, but the
mandible broad and only weakly concave like the former; it differs from both in
having the clypeus evenly sloping rather than curved>

# \i{}Sierola lemniscata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 108, 111> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex
dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the moderately
deep head (DH/LH 0.55\endash{}0.60), mostly dark mandible, and lack of a carina
between the lateral ocelli. Closest to \i{}S. peras\i0{} sp. nov., separated by
having the mandible broader, frons narrower than the eye height, and head
shorter posterior of the eye> 4<From the Latin \i{}lemniscatus\i0{}, banded,
referring to the alternating sculpture of the mandibles>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Horse Gully, foot of Bunya Mts; 7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale
leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154845> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Applethorpe; 19 Oct.\endash{}13 Dec.
1982; B.F. Ingram leg.; Malaise trap; QM \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Mt. Glorious; 26
Oct.\endash{}5 Dec. 1989; A. Hiller leg.; Malaise trap; QM \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; Brisbane, Long Pocket; 27\u176?31' S, 153\u176?00' E; 10 Jun.
1991; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Boggomoss 3 via Taroom;
25\u176?26' S, 150\u176?01' E; 12 Nov. 1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D. Cook & G.
Monteith leg.; Pitfall traps 042; QM T33422 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Boggomoss 30
via Taroom; 25\u176?29' S, 150\u176?08' E; 14 Nov. 1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D.
Cook & G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept 057; QM T33424 \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Bunya Mtns., Paradise, top track; 26\u176?52' S, 151\u176?35' E; 24
Oct. 1997; G. Thompson leg.; Pyrethrum logs + bunya trunks, 5029; QM> 7,10 8,8
10,4/5 11,3 12,3/17 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,5 17,4 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,1
25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 38,3 39,3 40,2
41,2 42,3 44,1 46,4 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,2 52,5 53,4 54,7<sometimes extended
narrowly to declivity> 55,7 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,11 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1/15
67,5/7 68,4 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1/2 73,1 74,1.67 75,0.89<0.67-0.89>
76,0.91<0.87-0.91> 77,0.57<0.54-0.58> 78,0.43<0.40-0.47> 79,0.51<0.46-0.53>
80,0.83<0.81-0.88> 81,1.97<1.90-2.04> 82,1.07<1.05-1.20> 83,0.38
84,1.88<1.82-2.00> 85,2.19<2.00-2.19> 86,1.08<0.91-1.09> 87,2.59 88<N = 8>
90<Queensland; known from several collections in the southeast, probably also
extending into New South Wales> 92<This species is somewhat variable in the
mandible and leg color, form of the propodeum, and shape of cell 1M. However,
the characters do not co-vary, and the specimens on hand are unusually similar
morphometrically>

# \i{}Sierola leptadelpha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 101, 112> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and
flat to weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible reddish
brown to black and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated
from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the very short
clypeus which is steep and nearly straight in profile, and densely setose basal
wing cells. Closest to \i{}S. jubaris\i0{} sp. nov., which has the mandible
distinctly narrower, hind femur broader (HFL/HFW \u8805?2.40), frons narrower
(WF/HE \u8804?1.20), and OOL/WOT \u8805?2.00> 4<From the Greek \i{}leptos\i0{},
small, + \i{}adelphe\i0{}, sister, referring to the similarity of this species
to \i{}S. geminata\i0{} and \i{}S. stipulata\i0{} and its smaller size>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 5km SEbyS Redpa; 40\u176?57' S, 144\u176?49' E; 18 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154846>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Sherbrooke; 7 Dec. 1916; [illegible] leg.; MVMA HYM-86589> 7,10 8,11/12
10,5/6 11,4 12,3/17 13,4 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1
25,2/3 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4-5 38,3 39,1 40,3
41,1 42,2 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,9
60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,3-1 67,8 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.65 75,0.80
76,0.80 77,0.49 78,0.97 79,0.80 80,1.21 81,1.63 82,2.17 83,0.42 84,2.42 85,2.59
86,1.20 87,3.47 90<Tasmania and Victoria; known from one specimen each> 92<The
specimens from Victoria and Tasmania are slightly different and may prove to be
cryptic species. Compared to the Tasmanian holotype, the former has the head
more narrowed anteriorly in lateral view, with the clypeus appearing more
elongate despite still being quite short. However, they are not strongly
distinct and may be in the range of variation of a single species>

# \i{}Sierola leptognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 108, 113> 3<Part of the large complex of species with the head convex
dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible reddish brown. Distinguished
from all others by the compressed head, distinctly obtuse ocellar triangle, and
mandible convex outwardly with the ventral tooth slightly behind the second>
4<From the Greek \i{}leptos\i0{}, small, + \i{}gnathos\i0{}, jaw, referring to
the narrow mandibles> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Samsonvale Cemetery, 8.5 km SSE Dayboro;
27\u176?16' S, 152\u176?52' E; 2 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM T262162>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,4 11,3 12,3/17 13,2 14,13
15,11 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,4
32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,11 41,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,2 47,1
48,2 50,2 51,3 52,4 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,11 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3
67,7 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,1 74,1.29 75,0.64<0.64-0.75> 76,0.86<0.86-0.90>
77,0.47<0.45-0.47> 78,0.63<0.56-0.63> 79,0.58<0.52-0.58> 80,1.09<1.08-1.10>
81,1.73<1.72-1.74> 82,1.19<1.19-1.29> 83,0.31 84,2.07<1.95-2.07>
85,2.04<1.93-2.04> 86,1.00 87,3.08 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known only from the
type series, collected near Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola limitata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 108, 114> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head flat to weakly
convex dorsally and ventrally, mandible reddish brown to black and distinctly
concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest.
Distinguished from similar species by the prominently curved clypeus, sparsely
setose basal wing cells, lateral ocelli separate from the vertex crest by an
ocellus length, moderately deep head (DH/LH ~0.55), and conspicuous ventral
setae of the head> 4<From the Latin \i{}limitatus\i0{}, border, from the type
locality on the border between New South Wales and Queensland>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Donaldson S.F. via Woodenbong; 30 Dec. 1979; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC
32-154847> 7,10 8,9 10,5 11,4 12,17 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1
22,3 23,2 24,1 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1/3 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,4
38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,5 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,5 50,3 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2
59,7 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,14 66,3 67,4 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.89 75,0.95
76,0.82 77,0.55 78,1.00 79,0.80 80,1.25 81,1.64 82,1.71 83,0.40 84,2.08 85,2.26
86,1.32 87,2.50 90<New South Wales; known only from the holotype> 92<Like
several similar species, the intermediate character states cause this to key out
in several places, but it is quite distinct in its combination of characters>

# \i{}Sierola lissonota\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 90, 115> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous and head
convex dorsally, closest to \i{}S. carinifrons\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S.
kimseyana\i0{} sp. nov. in having the frons shining and weakly sculpted, malar
space short, and clypeus evenly curved in profile. Separated from both by the
obtuse ocellar triangle (lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest), broad
head (WH/LH \u8805?0.89), and broad hind femur (HFL/HFW \u8804?2.15).
Additionally separated from the latter by the broad, polished median strip on
the propodeum and lack of a carina between the lateral ocelli> 4<From the Greek
\i{}lissos\i0{}, smooth, + \i{}noton\i0{}, back, referring to the broadly
polished propodeum and generally smooth cuticle sculpture>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Pine Mt., 3 km S; 21\u176?46' S, 148\u176?51' E; elev. 230 m; 6
Oct.\endash{}17 Dec. 1999; D. & I. Cook leg.; vine scrub intercept, 9041; QM
T262163> 7,10 8,8 10,4-3 11,3/2 12,3 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2 28,3 29,1 30,5-6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,4 38,5 39,2 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,2 45,2 46,4 47,2 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,5
55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,3 72,1
73,1 74,1.54 75,0.83 76,0.94 77,0.51 78,0.42 79,0.47 80,0.89 81,1.97 82,1.00
83,0.39 84,1.79 85,1.95 86,1.20 87,2.76 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype, collected near the central coast>

# \i{}Sierola littoralis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 116, 117> 3<Part of the large complex of species with the head convex
dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible reddish brown. Distinguished
from all others by the compressed head, short, transverse clypeus, vertex and
gena setae elongate and conspicuous, and propodeum with a narrow polished median
strip> 4<From the Latin \i{}litoralis\i0{}, of the shore, for the coastal type
locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Aldinga Scrub, 40 km SSW of Adelaide; 27 Mar.\endash{}9 Apr.
1987; P. Dangerfield leg.; M.T.; SAMA> 7,10 8,13 10,6 11,4/5 12,3/17 13,2 14,13
15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,3 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,6
31,2 32,3 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,10 41,1 42,2 44,1 45,2 46,2 47,1
48,2 50,1 51,3 52,7 53,2 54,6 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,2 63,1 65,4 66,3
67,7 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,1-2 72,1 73,1 74,1.61 75,0.82 76,0.90 77,0.52 78,0.59
79,0.59 80,1.00 81,1.82 82,1.06 83,0.34 84,1.91 85,1.92 86,0.68 87,2.35 90<South
Australia; known only from the holotype, collected near the coast south of
Adelaide>

# \i{}Sierola longifacies\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 90, 118> 3<Namesake of the \i{}longifacies\i0{} species group,
characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.63\endash{}0.68),
more or less flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short
antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the
vertex crest, and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar
species by having the clypeus evenly sloping; mandible broad, not concave
ventrally, and strongly twisted; vertex slightly concave in dorsal view; lateral
ocelli separated from the vertex crest by more than their length; and basal wing
cells nearly glabrous. The head is also slightly convex dorsally and ventrally>
4<Referring to the extremely long, narrow face>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 11km WbyN of Bald Hill, McIlwraith Range, search party campsite;
13\u176?44' S, 143\u176?20' E; elev. 520 m; 27 Jun.\endash{}12 Jul. 1989; T.A.
Weir leg.; ex dead \i{}Pandanus\i0{} leaves; ANIC 32-154848>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 13km E by S Weipa; 12\u176?40' S, 143\u176?00' E; 12 Sep.\endash{}24
Oct. 1993; P. Zborowski & D. Rentz leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC> 7,10 8,8
10,5<lateral lobes produced nearly as far as median lobe> 11,9 12,6 13,4 14,1
15,3 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,8 24,1 25,3 26,2 28,1 29,4 30,1 31,1
32,1 33,1/6 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,11 41,1 42,6 44,5 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,2 51,1 52,4 53,4 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,12 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,1
69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2 74,1.99 75,0.98 76,0.66 77,0.46 78,1.30 79,1.37 80,0.95
81,1.87 82,2.50 83,0.34 84,2.00 85,2.14 86,1.10 87,2.53 90<Queensland; known
from two specimens collected on the Cape York peninsula> 92<The combination of a
long, narrow head with strongly twisted mandibles is distinctive. The elongate
lateral lobes of the clypeus are unique in the genus>

# \i{}Sierola lophotes\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 108, 119> 3<Part of the large complex of species with the head convex
dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and head compressed. Separated from similar
species by the elongate, conspicuous vertex and gena setae, moderately
compressed head (DH/LH ~0.51), densely setose basal wing cells, and broadly
rounded occipital margin. Closest to \i{}S. gingera\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S.
paraptoma\i0{} sp. nov.; separated from the former by the narrower mandible and
ocellar triangle right to weakly obtuse, from the latter by the less strongly
convex head and propodeum lacking a median polished area, and from both by the
reddish brown mandible and DH/LH> 4<From the Greek \i{}lophos\i0{}, ridge,
referring to the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane; Oct. 1976; E.C.
Dahms leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262164> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Teewah, Cooloola;
15\endash{}16 Aug. 1981; G. Sarnes leg.; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,4-5 11,3 12,3 13,2
14,12 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,3 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,1
30,4-5 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 38,3 39,3 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3
47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,4 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,8 61,3 63,1 65,4
66,3 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.19 75,0.66 76,0.85 77,0.51 78,0.54
79,0.54 80,1.00 81,1.79 82,1.20 83,0.33 84,1.85 85,2.06 86,0.85 87,3.18
90<Queensland; known from two specimens collected in the southeast> 92<Although
not particularly long or dense, the pale head setae of this species are
unusually conspicuous>

# \i{}Sierola macrorhina\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 120, 121> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus
moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Close
to \i{}S. campanula\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the clypeus with a low but distinct
medial carina and broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or
emarginate, and mandible black and not twisted. Separated by the broad frons
(WH/HE \u8805?1.0), propodeum with a polished median strip, and Rs joining the
anterior wing margin> 4<From the Greek \i{}macro\i0{}, large, + \i{}rhinos\i0{},
nose, referring to the protruding clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 1km E byN Herrick; 41\u176?06' S,
147\u176?53' E; 29&30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol;
ANIC 32-154849> 7,10 8,12 10,14 11,4 12,17 13,4 14,2 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,2 22,4 23,2 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2-3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,4 38,1 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,2 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 53,4 54,6 55,1 56,1
57,2 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,13 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2
74,1.83 75,0.89 76,0.74 77,0.50 78,0.80 79,0.75 80,1.07 81,1.73 82,1.84 83,0.39
84,2.04 85,2.21 86,1.20 87,3.00 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola maculicola\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 117, 122> 3<Among species with the head compressed and flat or weakly
convex dorsally, easily distinguished by having the clypeus evenly sloping and
somewhat elongate in profile, apical angle strongly acute; mandible black, flat
and strongly twisted, lying fully in line with the clypeus in lateral view when
closed; basal wing cells densely setose; and head elongate posterior of the
eyes, parallel-sided or slightly broadening> 4<From the Latin \i{}macula\i0{},
spot, + \i{}col\i0{}, dwell, referring to the patchwork of small reserves in the
area of eastern New South Wales where this species is found>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Mt. Allyn Forest Park via Dungog; 27 Jul. 1981; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC 32-154850> 7,10 8,9 10,12 11,5 12,11 13,4 14,2 15,3 16,3 17,3 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,3 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 51,2 53,1 54,2 55,3 56,1
57,3 58,2 59,2 60,14 61,3 63,1 65,13 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2
74,2.17 75,1.02 76,0.79 77,0.50 78,1.02 79,0.93 80,1.10 81,1.75 82,2.10 83,0.40
84,2.19 85,2.67 86,0.93 87,2.28 90<New South Wales; known only from the
holotype, collected in the Allyn Range> 92<This species is intermediate between
the \i{}longifacies\i0{} and \i{}megacephala\i0{} species groups; in general
appearance it is closer to the latter, but the frons is narrower and ocelli
closer to the vertex>

# \i{}Sierola magnifemur\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 117, 123> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of
nearly glabrous basal wing cells, mandible predominantly yellow, fore femur very
broad (FL/FW ~1.6), ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, and transverse propodeal
carina strong and distinct. Closest to \i{}S. lissonota\i0{} sp. nov., which has
the fore femur somewhat broad but the mandible brown, clypeus distinctly curved
in lateral view, and head deeper> 4<From the Latin \i{}magnus\i0{}, large, +
\i{}femur\i0{}, referring to the extremely broad fore femur>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Brisbane; 10 Sep. 1962; G. Monteith leg.; QM T262165> 7,10 8,8 10,4
11,3 12,4 13,13 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,3-2
26,1/5 28,1 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1 40,9 41,3
42,1 44,3 45,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,7 53,2 54,7 55,4 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2
60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,6 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,1 74,1.64 75,1.02
76,0.93 77,0.51 78,0.60 79,0.60 80,1.00 81,1.83 82,1.04 83,0.36 84,1.59 85,2.00
86,0.93 87,2.45 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in
Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola marginalis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 124, 125> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head flat dorsally,
moderately narrow and compressed, and frons narrow. Closest to \i{}S.
solitaria\i0{} sp. nov. in having nearly glabrous basal wing cells; separated by
having the head slightly narrower and deeper (WH/LH 0.70, DH/LH 0.52 vs. 0.74
and 0.46 respectively) clypeus curved in profile, mandible not twisted, and
lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex. The ventral head also has setae in a
dense triangular patch which is conspicuous when seen from certain angles, an
unusual character shared with \i{}S. adelaidensis\i0{} sp. nov> 4<Referring to
the description of the type locality as being on the edge of the rainforest>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Julatten; 20 Oct.\endash{}29 Oct. 1987; A. Walfor-Huggins leg.; edge of
rainforest along creek, ex intercept trap; ANIC 32-154851> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4
12,3/17 13,2 14,4-10 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,1
28,1 29,1 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,5 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,2 44,1
46,3 47,1 48,1 50,3 53,1 54,2 55,3 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1
67,8 68,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.21 75,0.67 76,0.70 77,0.52 78,1.00
79,1.04 80,0.96 81,1.73 82,1.73 83,0.37 84,1.91 85,1.85 86,0.85 87,2.91
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in northern rain forest>
92<This species is intermediate between the \i{}longifacies\i0{} and
\i{}ficicola\i0{} species groups, which are otherwise well separated by head
width which creates a distinctly different appearance in dorsal view. The
shorter head posterior of the eyes puts it closer to the latter>

# \i{}Sierola medialis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 110, 126> 3<Belonging to the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group, having the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the eyes,
and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished from most related species by
the strongly acute ocellar triangle, dull and granular frons microsculpture, and
all yellow legs. Closest to \i{}S. desertorum\i0{} sp. nov., separated by having
the ventral head somewhat convex posteriorly (appearing narrowly triangular in
lateral view), ocellar triangle less strongly acute (OOL/WOT less than 2.00),
legs clear yellow, and posterior margin of cell 1M distinctly convex>
4<Referring to this species being intermediate morphologically between the
\i{}compressa\i0{} and \i{}megacephala\i0{} species groups>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 21km E by N Yellowdine; 31\u176?18' S, 119\u176?37' E; 10
Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154852> 7,10
8,14 10,5 11,4/5 12,17 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2
24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4-5 38,3 39,1
40,11 41,2 42,5 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,7 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2
58,2 59,9 60,8 61,1 63,1 65,8 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,2.05 75,1.10
76,0.88 77,0.45 78,0.86 79,0.66 80,1.31 81,1.56 82,1.84 83,0.33 84,2.00 85,1.97
86,0.91 87,2.25 90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype> 92<This
species has the body less obviously flattened than other members of the
\i{}compressa\i0{} group, and is somewhat intermediate with members of the
\i{}megacephala\i0{} group such as \i{}S. lapis\i0{} sp. nov. It forms an
allopatric species pair with \i{}S. desertorum\i0{} sp. nov. of New South Wales>

# \i{}Sierola megacephala\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 127, 128> 3<A member of the eponymous \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with
the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short
with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Separated from
similar species by having the lateral ocelli much further forward (separated
from the vertex crest by more than the length of the ocellar triangle), head
with a distinct angulate ridge between the eye and vertex, and legs entirely
bright yellow> 4<Referring to the enormous head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Tutanning N.R., 22 km EbyS of Pingelly; 18 Sep. 1981; A.A.
Calder leg.; ex galls \i{}Acacia lasiocalyx\i0{} em. Oct. 1981; ANIC 32-154853>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}\b{} New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Mullaley; 6 Apr. 1985; I. & N. Lawrence leg.; in & on
\i{}Uromyocladium\i0{} galls on \i{}Acacia\i0{} sp.; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Western
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10
8,9/14 10,6 11,4 12,11 13,2 14,1 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,2
24,1 25,2 26,1 27,2 28,1 29,5 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 38,8 39,2
40,11 41,1 42,6 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,2 52,6 53,2 54,2 55,6 56,1 57,2 58,2
59,4 60,3 61,1 63,1 65,11 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,2-3 72,2 73,2 74,2.74
75,1.35<0.95-1.35> 76,0.85<0.81-0.86> 77,0.48<0.47-0.51> 78,1.27<1.10-1.33>
79,0.79<0.75-0.87> 80,1.62<1.27-1.65> 81,1.56<1.56-1.69> 82,1.88<1.74-1.88>
83,0.43 84,2.21<2.15-2.30> 85,2.22<2.20-2.34> 86,1.00<0.81-1.13> 87,2.31 88<N =
3> 90<Western Australia and New South Wales; known from one collection each>
92<This is a large species overall, and the head is disproportionately large as
well. One specimen is significantly smaller than the other three, but matches
them in all characters except that the frons is much narrower relative to the
eye and the ocelli are removed from the vertex crest by about the length of the
ocellar triangle, versus 1.5\u215? in the other specimens. The specimens on hand
have an unusual disjunct distribution, in both WA and NSW. Vein Rs is peculiarly
swollen and slightly angulate around cell 2R1 in the WA specimens, but not in
the one from NSW; however I do not consider this significant>

# \i{}Sierola megamera\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 117, 129> 3<Belonging to the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group, having the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose.
Distinguished from most related species by the obtuse ocellar triangle, reddish
brown mandible, and broad hind femur. Closest to \i{}S. amputator\i0{} sp. nov.,
separated by the more sparsely punctate frons and broader head (WH/LH ~0.89)
which is more ovate in dorsal view, the posterior corners strongly rounded off>
4<Referring to the broad hind femur> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Indooroopilly; 5 Oct. 1979; G.
Gordh leg.; UCRC 556769> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as holotype; 4
Oct. 1979; UCRC 556768 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as holotype; 4
Nov. 1979; UCRC 556770 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as holotype; 6
Nov. 1979; UCRC 556774 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as holotype; 19
Nov. 1979; UCRC 556771> 7,10 8,8 10,4 11,3 12,17/3 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,8 24,2 25,2 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,4
34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,2
51,3 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,11 66,3 67,8 68,13
69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.49 75,0.80<0.72-0.94> 76,0.89<0.87-0.90>
77,0.45<0.45-0.51> 78,0.69<0.59-0.70> 79,0.63<0.53-0.63> 80,1.10<1.00-1.13>
81,1.70<1.65-1.76> 82,1.17<1.11-1.25> 83,0.31 84,2.00<1.91-2.03>
85,1.79<1.79-1.94> 86,0.90<0.86-1.00> 87,2.74 88<N = 5> 90<Queensland; known
from one series collected near Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola miltos\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 117, 130> 3<This species is somewhat intermediate in some head characters
used in the key such as being flat or not. However, the combination of the
strongly compressed mesosoma, strongly acute ocellar triangle, nearly glabrous
basal wing cells, slightly twisted reddish brown mandible, and slightly convex
ventral margin of the head will distinguish it from all other species> 4<From
the Greek \i{}miltos\i0{}, red earth, referring to the color of the mandibles>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Congo, 8km SEbyE of Moruya; 35\u176?58' S, 150\u176?09' E; 26
Mar.\endash{}3 Apr. 1982; M.S. Upton leg.; Window trap; ANIC 32-154854> 7,10 8,9
10,6 11,4/5 12,17 13,3 14,4 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1
25,4 26,1 28,2 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1/4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,1 39,1 40,17
41,1 42,1 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3
58,1 59,11 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,10 66,1-3 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1
74,1.45 75,0.75 76,0.76 77,0.46 78,1.05 79,0.96 80,1.09 81,1.78 82,2.39 83,0.32
84,2.26 85,2.15 86,1.08 87,2.69 90<New South Wales; known only from the
holotype>

# \i{}Sierola minorata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 117, 131> 3<A member of the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with the head
flat dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and
ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Distinguished by the combination of
having the mandible slightly twisted and frons only moderately broad, WF/HE
~1.30. Also differing from similar species by the much smaller size; most
members of the group have the mesosoma over 1 mm in length> 4<From the Latin
\i{}minoratus\i0{}, reduced or shrunken, referring to the smaller size of this
species compared to other members of the \i{}megacephala\i0{} species group>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Kangaroo Island, Western R. Cove; 29 Nov 1977; D.K. McAlpine & M.A.
Schneider leg.; AM K.628961> 7,10 8,13 10,6 11,4 12,17 13,5<nearly straight
distally> 14,2 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8<appearing broadly
impunctate medially between median ocellus and level of posterior eye margin>
24,1 25,3 26,3 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,4 35,1 36,1<type appears to be
abraded> 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,2 52,6 53,2
54,2 55,6 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,1 70,2 71,3
72,1 73,1 74,1.74 75,0.85 76,0.76 77,0.48 78,1.16 79,0.89 80,1.30 81,1.60
82,2.50 83,0.39 84,2.23 85,2.58 86,1.10 87,2.39 90<South Australia; known only
from the holotype taken on Kangaroo Island> 92<This species resembles those of
the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group in the relatively narrow head and small
size, but the broad frons and small eye place it clearly with the related
\i{}megacephala\i0{} group. The one visible mandible of the holotype appears to
have only two sharp teeth with a broad truncation in place of the two dorsal
teeth, but without additional specimens to compare it is unclear if this is due
to wear or a modification of the mandible. The head lacks the dense ventral
setation found in most other species in the group, but the setae present on the
unique holotype are somewhat irregular so it may be abraded. This and \i{}S.
sila\i0{} sp. nov. are the only species recorded from Kangaroo Island>

# \i{}Sierola minutissima\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 125, 132> 3<This species is easily recognizable by the sparsely punctate,
nearly polished frons, with only faint microreticulation; sparsely setose basal
wing cells; and clypeus evenly sloping in profile. It is also the smallest
\i{}Sierola\i0{} known; \i{}S. pumila\i0{} sp. nov. is the next smallest. Other
species with the clypeus evenly sloping and basal wing cells setose are much
larger> 4<Referring to this species' status as the smallest known species of
\i{}Sierola\i0{}> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cockatoo Ck. crossing, 17km NW
Heathlands; 11\u176?39' S, 142\u176?27' E; 26 Jan.\endash{}29 Feb. 1992; P.
Feehney leg.; open forest Malaise {}#5; ANIC 32-154855> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,3
13,4 14,5 15,1 16,4 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,4 23,9/10 24,1 25,5 26,1 28,1
29,1 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,7 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,4
47,2 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,8 63,2 65,1
66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.00 75,0.48 76,0.77 77,0.58 78,0.75
79,0.77 80,0.97 81,1.91 82,1.28 83,0.40 84,2.00 85,2.13 86,0.74 87,3.04
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the Cape York
peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola mirabilis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 133, 134> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by
the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the
eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely to densely setose. Readily distinguished
from all others by the extremely flattened body, with the mesosoma over 6 times
as long as deep and head about 4 times as long as deep, very narrow mandible,
and smooth frons microsculpture. Closest to \i{}S. exilis\i0{} sp. nov., which
is not quite as flattened and has the mandible moderately narrow and distinctly
concave ventrally> 4<From the Latin \i{}mirabilis\i0{}, amazing or
extraordinary, referring to the exceedingly compressed body>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Samsonvale Cemetery, Dayboro 8.5 km SSE; 27\u176?16' S, 152\u176?52' E;
elev. 50 m; 12 Aug. 1998; C.J. Burwell leg.; sweeping, 50119; QM T262166> 7,10
8,8 10,5 11,4 12,9 13,2 14,15 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,9 24,2
25,4 26,5 28,3 29,1 30,5 31,1 32,1 33,5 34,4 35,2 36,4 37,5 38,3 40,17 41,1 42,5
43,3 44,6 45,2 46,4 47,3 48,2 50,5 51,3 52,3 53,6 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,11 61,3 63,1
65,4 66,1 67,9 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,4 72,1 73,1 74,1.55 75,0.94 76,0.89 77,0.24
78,1.09 79,0.78 80,1.39 81,1.54 82,1.67 83,0.14 84,1.91 85,1.99 86,0.80 87,2.64
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near Brisbane> 92<This
species is the most extremely compressed \i{}Sierola\i0{} known, resembling some
of the more extreme sclerodermine genera such as \i{}Megaprosternum\i0{} and
\i{}Thlastepyris\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola mucronervis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 121, 135> 3<Forming a species pair with \i{}S. pandani\i0{} sp. nov.,
united by having the head compressed and as wide or wider than long, frons broad
and sparsely punctate, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Separated by
numerous characters as listed in the key, including the orange, narrow mandible,
distinct malar space, ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, elongate triangular cell
1M, and coxae and femora dark brown to black> 4<From the Latin \i{}mucro\i0{},
point, + \i{}nervus\i0{}, vein, referring to the spur vein on cell 1M>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra, CSIRO, behind CSIRO; 35.275\u176? S,
149.1109\u176? E; elev. 590 m; 10 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V.
Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones, J. Webb leg.; ANIC 32-154856; BOLD:
sample ID BIOUG53909-G04, process ID MCCAA8432-20, BIN AED1413>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; BOLD: process ID
MCCAA8509-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as
previous; 2 Apr. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA8793-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as previous; 19 Apr. 2011; BOLD:
process ID MCCAA8982-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9794?; Canberra, CSIRO
property; 35.275\u176? S, 149.1109\u176? E; elev. 588 m; 7\endash{}14 Nov. 2011;
P. Hebert leg.; Malaise Trap; BOLD: process ID MCCAA7994-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC.
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; The Lea; 42\u176?56' S,
147\u176?19' E; 5 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Geeveston, 141 Fourfoot Rd.; 6 Jan. 2018; M.M. Giannotta
leg.; Swept off \i{}Acacia melanoxylon\i0{}, \i{}Eucalyptus nitens\i0{}, and
\i{}E. globulosus\i0{} residential forest with bracken understory; SAMA
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S, 143.9905\u176? E; 18
Dec 2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG
F180566> 7,10 8,10/12 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,2 14,13/14 15,2 16,4 17,1 18,2 19,1 20,1
21,4 22,3 23,9 24,2 25,4 26,3 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1
37,4 38,7 39,3 40,4 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,5 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,3-4 67,8 68,7 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,4
73,3 74,1.60 75,0.86<0.70-0.97> 76,0.97<0.96-1.00> 77,0.51<0.49-0.53>
78,0.38<0.36-0.44> 79,0.38<0.36-0.41> 80,1.03<1.00-1.11> 81,1.78<1.73-1.82>
82,0.88<0.88-0.97> 83,0.41 84,1.91<1.73-1.91> 85,2.21<2.21-2.37>
86,1.22<1.12-1.23> 87,2.93 88<N = 6> 89<Similar to female with the following
exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Clypeus in profile short and steeply curved, weakly
carinate dorsally. Malar space 1/2 as long as basal width of
mandible.\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.20 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 1.03; DH/LH
0.54; EV/HE 0.50; EV/WF 0.41; WF/HE 1.22; WH/WF 1.64; OOL/WOT 0.98; DM/LM 0.35;
FL/FW 1.92; HFL/HFW 2.27; A3 L/W 1.40; 2R1 L/W 2.83> 90<Tasmania and Australian
Capital Territory; uncommon but a series taken by Malaise trapping at the
latter>

# \i{}Sierola namatjira\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 136> 3<A very distinctive species, easily recognized by the
combination of the head flat dorsally and flat to weakly convex ventrally, very
deep (DH/LH ~0.59), mandible moderately broad and parallel-sided, and basal wing
cells densely setose> 4<Named for Albert Namatjira, the Aboriginal artist who
was born near the collecting site and for whom the road where it was taken is
named> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territor\b0{}y
\bullet{} \u9792?; Kamatjira [sic; Namatjira] Drive; 23\u176? 45' 02 S,
132\u176? 54' 20 E; elev. 810 m; 13 Mar. 2002; J. Heraty leg.; UCRC 437204> 7,10
8,15 10,4 11,3 12,17 13,4 14,3 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,4 23,13
24,1 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,2
41,2 42,2 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,5 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4 60,1 61,1
63,1<metasomal terga with slightly paler W-shaped marks> 65,13 66,1 67,8 68,1
69,1 70,2 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,1.76 75,1.00 76,0.81 77,0.59 78,0.79 79,0.81 80,0.98
81,1.77 82,1.64 83,0.41 84,1.94 85,2.19 86,0.93 87,2.20 90<Northern Territory;
known only from the holotype, collected in the desert interior> 92<The
affinities of this species are obscure; although not particularly divergent, it
does not appear to be close to any other known species>

# \i{}Sierola nasuta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 134, 137> 3<A unique species, immediately recognizable by the elongate,
elliptic clypeus and reflexed, carinate genal margin. Shares with \i{}S.
samiata\i0{} sp. nov. the unusual concavely curved clypeal profile, but differs
from it in many other respects as listed in the key. Most other species with a
flat clypeus also have the basal wing cells nearly glabrous> 4<From the Latin
nasutus, large-nosed, referring to the extremely enlarged clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9\endash{}19 Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2,
sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of flowering shrubs & some
\i{}Eucalyptus\i0{} & \i{}Acacia\i0{} plants near by, tied to dead tree near
thorn bush; SAMA> 7,10 8,13 10,20 11,4/5 12,16 13,12 14,10 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,1
19,1 20,1 21,5 22,4 23,4 24,2 25,4 26,3 28,1 29,2 30,5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2
36,1 37,4 38,3 39,4 40,11 41,1 42,1 44,3 45,2 46,3 47,3 48,1 50,2 52,5 53,1 54,7
55,4 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,14 63,1 65,20 66,1 67,7 68,15 69,2 70,1 71,1
72,1 73,3 74,1.96 75,1.15 76,0.88 77,0.45 78,0.31 79,0.30 80,1.03 81,1.81
82,0.80 83,0.40 84,1.76 85,2.06 86,1.09 87,2.29 90<South Australia; known only
from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola nauo\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 134, 138> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a
low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.55)
and convex dorsally; antenna short, A3 about as long as wide; and basal wing
cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S. exleyae\i0{} and\i{} S. ovata\i0{} sp.
nov.; separated from the former by the shorter mandible, lateral ocelli close to
the vertex crest, head sparsely setose ventrally, and lack of a median polished
area on the propodeum; from the latter by the sparsely setose basal wing cells;
and from both by the coriaceous sculpture of the posterolateral gena> 4<Named
for the Nauo people whose traditional land encompasses the Waterloo Bay area>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Elliston; 14 Nov. 1992; L.S. & R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC> 7,10 8,13 10,5-6
11,4-5 12,17 13,2 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,2
26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3
44,5 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3
63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.40 75,0.70 76,0.83
77,0.55 78,0.77 79,0.73 80,1.06 81,1.76 82,1.52 83,0.38 84,2.06 85,2.35 86,0.92
87,2.61 90<South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre
Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola nesomeson\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 121, 139> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head
moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line
through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible
reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
paraglutinata\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. trinalis\i0{} sp. nov., united by having
the head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide,
OOL/WOT less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as
the mandible base. Differing from the latter in lacking the propodeal transverse
carina and having the hind femur relatively narrow (HFL/HFW \u8805?2.50). Nearly
identical to \i{}S. paraglutinata\i0{}, differing only in the wing venation,
with the narrow cell 2R1, basal wing cells not so densely setose, and slightly
darker mandible. Also similar to \i{}S. pelion\i0{} sp. nov., but with the
clypeus clearly though weakly carinate, and mandible reddish brown.> 4<From the
Greek \i{}nesos\i0{}, island, + \i{}meson\i0{}, middle, referring to the type
locality near the geographic center of Tasmania>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 14km S Bronte Park; 42\u176?15' S, 146\u176?29' E; 15 Jan.\endash{}3
Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154857>
7,10 8,12 10,5 11,3 12,17/2 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,3
23,2 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,7 29,1 30,3 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1
40,2 41,3 42,4 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2
59,1 60,1 61,9 63,1 65,4 66,3 67,8 68,13 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.48
75,0.79 76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.58 79,0.62 80,0.94 81,1.85 82,1.30 83,0.37 84,2.09
85,2.71 86,1.30 87,3.82 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype> 92<See
comments under \i{}S. paraglutinata\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola nidus\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 134, 140> 3<A somewhat nondescript species, distinguished by having the
head compressed (DH/LH 0.48) and slightly convex dorsally; clypeus short, broad,
semi-elliptical, in profile evenly curved; mandible black; basal wing cells
densely setose, frons moderately broad, WF/HE 1.09; and lacking any other
unusual characters.> 4<From the Latin \i{}nidus\i0{}, nest, referring to the
type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Crows Nest; 6 Aug. 1977; E.C. Dahms leg.; QM T262167> 7,10
8,8 10,5 11,3 12,3/2 13,2 14,13-14 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1
24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,11
41,2 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2
60,14 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,3 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.89 75,0.95
76,0.85 77,0.48 78,0.65 79,0.60 80,1.09 81,1.71 82,1.45 83,0.32 84,1.93 85,2.03
86,0.90 87,2.63 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the
Great Dividing Range west of Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola nigrisetae\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 125, 141> 3<A striking and distinctive species, easily recognized from
all others. The head is wider than long and deep, strongly convex dorsally and
somewhat angulate ventrally, with dense ventral setation, and long, thick,
black, bristle-like setae on the vertex and gena. The metasomal sternites also
have conspicuous elongate setae, but these are often broken off> 4<Referring to
the elongate black hairs of the head and metasoma>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Cockatoo Creek; 11\u176?39' S, 142\u176?27' E; 12 Nov.\endash{}14 Dec.
1993; P. Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC 32-154858>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same collection
data as previous; 19 Feb.\endash{}20 Apr. 1994; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same
collection data as previous; 20 Apr.\endash{}20 May 1994; ANIC> 7,10 8,8 10,1
11,1 12,13 13,3 14,21 15,4 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,4 24,5 25,8
26,3 28,4 29,1 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,6 38,1 39,3 40,3 41,2 42,3
44,1 46,2 47,2 48,7 50,4 51,1 52,5 53,3 54,5 55,6 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,8 60,4 61,7
63,1 65,18 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,3 70,1 71,1 72,3 73,2 74,1.77 75,1.01<1.01-1.26>
76,1.01<1.01-1.06> 77,0.64<0.64-0.67> 78,0.27<0.24-0.31> 79,0.30<0.26-0.33>
80,0.90<0.90-0.96> 81,1.85<1.82-1.86> 82,0.95<0.90-0.96> 83,0.49
84,1.83<1.82-1.86> 85,2.18<2.09-2.22> 86,1.61<1.50-1.61> 87,2.53 88<N = 5>
90<Queensland; known from a series of five specimens, all taken at the same
locality in the Cape York peninsula> 92<The vertex and gena setae identify this
species as part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, but the very broad, deep head
makes it strikingly different from all the others. It shares with \i{}S.
vibrissata\i0{} Ward the flattened anterior frons, with the sides converging to
a sharp carina anteriorly. The ventral metasomal setae are evidently fragile, as
they are missing from several of the specimens>

# \i{}Sierola nitidigena\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 121, 142> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep
(DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex
crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to \i{}S. intonsa\i0{}
sp. nov. and \i{}S. pelion\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the moderately narrow mandible
which is distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex outwardly, distinct
malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated from both by the
broad hind femur, gena smooth and polished posterolaterally, and S6 evenly
covered with short pilose setae, without a median glabrous area> 4<From the
Latin \i{}nitidus\i0{}, shining, + \i{}gena\i0{}, cheek, referring to the
polished gena> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Bellingham Dam, 117 Saltwood Rd; 41.0234\u176? S,
147.2119\u176? E; 18 Nov\endash{}15 Dec 2023; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap
series 1; TMAG F152999> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Bellingham; 41.016\u176? S, 147.197\u176?
E; Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F180584> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4
12,6 13,2 14,11 15,4 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,1 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,2 40,6 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,1 50,1 52,5 53,2 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,4 60,1 61,4 63,1 65,10 66,1
67,9 68,11 69,3 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,2.25 75,1.17 76,0.90 77,0.59 78,0.48
79,0.55 80,0.88 81,1.95 82,1.12 83,0.36 84,1.95 85,2.17 86,1.50 87,2.42
90<Tasmania; known from two specimens>

# \i{}Sierola ocellata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 97, 143> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a
low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.55)
and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal
wing cells densely setose. Distinguished by the somewhat densely punctate frons,
with abundant long setae giving it a hairy appearance; metasomal tergites with
faint reticulate sculpture dorsally; and ocelli somewhat enlarged, lateral
ocelli separated by less than twice their diameter> 4<Named for the unusually
large ocelli> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Baldy Mt Rd, 3.3km from S. end; 17\u176?20' S, 145\u176?25'
E; elev. 1100 m; 30 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM T262168>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Indooroopilly mine & quarry; 18 Sep. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556767
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Indooroopilly; 6 Nov. 1979; G. Gordh & H. Hartman leg.;
UCRC 556773> 7,10 8,8 10,4-5 11,3 12,17/2 13,2 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,2 22,2 23,13 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,3 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,7 53,3 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,3 58,2 59,9 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,14/8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1
73,1 74,1.98 75,0.94<0.89-0.98> 76,0.89<0.85-0.89> 77,0.55<0.54-0.55>
78,0.64<0.64-0.79> 79,0.56<0.56-0.64> 80,1.16<1.15-1.19> 81,1.73<1.65-1.73>
82,1.39<1.39-1.70> 83,0.39 84,2.33<2.08-2.33> 85,2.55<2.36-2.55>
86,1.33<1.17-1.33> 87,2.45 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype, collected in the Atherton Tableland, and a pair of specimens taken in
Brisbane> 92<The paratypes from southern Queensland are slightly different and
may represent a separate species. The clypeus is more straight in profile, only
curving near the apex, with the head longer posterior of the eyes, and mid and
hind coxae and femora brown rather than yellow. However, these are mostly within
the range of normal variation, so they are considered a single species for now>

# \i{}Sierola opprimator\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 134, 144> 3<A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable among
the Australian fauna by the thick (in ventral view), strongly elbowed mandible,
with the head wider than long and short posterior of the eyes, and vertex
slightly concave. Most similar to \i{}S. megalognatha\i0{} Fullaway of Hawaii,
which has the head slightly less broad and much longer posteriorly> 4<From the
Greek \i{}opprimator\i0{}, one that crushes, referring to the massive mandibles.
It is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Murwillumbah-Coffs Harbor Hwy 1; 2 Sep.
1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car net; UCDC> 7,10 8,9 10,3 11,1 12,3/4 13,2 14,4 15,4
16,3 17,7 18,3 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3-4 26,3 28,1 29,2 30,3-4 31,2
32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,3 38,5 39,4 40,9 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1
51,1 52,6 53,3 54,6 55,7 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,9 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,7
69,2 70,1 71,4 72,1 73,1 74,2.27 75,1.20 76,1.04 77,0.57 78,0.27 79,0.26 80,1.05
81,1.81 82,1.14 83,0.40 84,1.79 85,2.13 86,1.36 87,2.25 90<New South Wales;
known only from the holotype, collected in the northeastern forest region>
92<The resemblance of this species to \i{}S. megalognatha\i0{} Fullaway from
Hawaii is quite striking, especially considering that there are no similar
species known from either fauna. This suggests either a large number of
trans-Pacific dispersal events for \i{}Sierola\i0{} or extreme morphological
convergence>

# \i{}Sierola ovata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 134, 145> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and
basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad
frons, clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina dorsally, head moderately broad
and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli distinctly
separated from the vertex crest. Closest to \i{}S. exleyae\i0{} sp. nov. and
\i{}S. lacustris\i0{} sp. nov.; separated from the former by the densely setose
basal wing cells, short, broad cell 2R1, short and steep clypeus in profile, and
propodeum entirely reticulate dorsally, without a polished strip; and from the
latter by the coriaceous frons microsculpture, narrower frons (WF/HE ~1.10 vs.
1.15\endash{}1.20), vertex not carinate between the lateral ocelli, and head
slightly deeper (DH/LH ~0.58 vs. 0.53\endash{}0.54)> 4<Named for the strongly
ovate 2R1 cell> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; nr Charleville; 27 Oct.\endash{}5 Dec. 1989; P. Johnson leg.;
malaise trap; QM T262169> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,17 13,5 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1
19,1 20,2 21,1 22,3/4 23,1 24,1 25,2/3 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,1 42,5 44,1 46,3-2 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5
53,2 54,2 55,4 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,11 69,1 70,1
71,1 72,1 73,2 74,1.64 75,0.89 76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.81 79,0.73 80,1.11 81,1.73
82,1.50 83,0.41 84,2.14 85,1.89 86,0.85 87,2.54 90<Queensland; known only from
the holotype, collected in the southern interior>

# \i{}Sierola pandani\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 146> 3<Forming a species pair with \i{}S. mucronervis\i0{} sp. nov.,
united by having the head compressed and as wide or wider than long, frons broad
and sparsely punctate, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Separated by
numerous characters as listed in the key, including the black, moderately broad,
slightly twisted mandible, ocellar triangle right, deep postgenal depression,
and legs all yellow> 4<Referring to the host plant, \i{}Pandanus\i0{} sp.
(probably \i{}P. spiralis\i0{})> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Northern Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Darwin; 28 Aug. 1915; G.F.H.
leg.; ex \i{}Pandanus\i0{} leaf-miner; ANIC 32-154859>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territory\b0{}
\bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10 8,15 10,4 11,3
12,3/4 13,2 14,5 15,4 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,2
28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,5 42,3 46,2
47,1 48,1 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,1 54,1 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,9
66,1 67,1 69,1 70,2 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.67 75,0.86<0.83-0.88> 76,0.97<0.95-0.97>
77,0.51<0.49-0.51> 78,0.67<0.67-0.73> 79,0.52<0.52-0.57> 80,1.28<1.27-1.29>
81,1.65<1.65-1.68> 82,1.50<1.33-1.50> 83,0.37 84,1.85<1.84-1.93>
85,2.08<2.08-2.24> 86,1.52<1.40-1.65> 87,2.71 88<N = 3> 90<Northern Territory;
known from one series of three specimens collected at Darwin>

# \i{}Sierola paracompressa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 128, 147> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by
the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long behind the
eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Separated from related species by
the strongly acute ocellar triangle and the clypeus evenly sloping in profile.
In addition to the clypeus, distinguished from the very similar \i{}S.
compressa\i0{} sp. nov. by the more granular frons microsculpture> 4<Referring
to the similarity of this species to \i{}S. compressa\i0{} sp. nov>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Higginsville; 31\u176?45' S, 121\u176?42' E; 11 Oct. 1981;
I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154860>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra; Aug. 1947; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC>
7,10 8,10/14 10,6 11,5 12,9 13,4 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,16 21,1 22,2
23,2 24,2 25,1 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1
40,11 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,5 46,3 47,2 48,1 50,2 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9
60,1 61,3 63,1 65,11 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,2 74,2.06 75,1.16
76,0.89 77,0.40 78,0.89 79,0.65 80,1.36 81,1.55 82,1.92 83,0.27 84,2.07 85,1.84
86,0.86 87,2.45 90<Western Australia and Australian Capital Territory. Known
from two widely separated specimens> 92<It is possible that the two specimens
may represent cryptic species, since the other related species appear to be
localized and the habitats they were collected in were also quite different.
However, they appear indistinguishable aside from difference in OOL/WOT>

# \i{}Sierola paracontracta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 148, 149> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. United with \i{}S. confecta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. contracta\i0{}
sp. nov., \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov.,
and \i{}S. subcontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal
carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically with a flat-topped ridge, and
vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the first by
the dense punctation and short setae of the frons (setae only about as long as
the medial flagellum width) and broader head (WH/LH ~0.91) with posterior
corners well defined; and from the last by the low carina on the anterior frons,
mandible entirely black, and fore wing evenly tinged with yellow. Very similar
to \i{}S. pericontracta\i0{}, separated by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle
and carinate occipital margin; nearly identical to \i{}S. parallela\i0{},
separated only by the slightly broader clypeal ridge and distinct malar space,
and by DNA sequence> 4<Referring to the similarity of this species to \i{}S.
contracta\i0{} sp. nov> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; near Renmark, Calperum Station, Primary Site;
34.0542\u176? S, 140.6194\u176? E; elev. 50 m; 22\endash{}29 Oct. 2015; Peter
Cale leg.; Malaise Trap, Fire Jan 2014, 850m unburnt mallee in all directions;
ANIC 32-154861; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG36661-B10, process ID GMASU025-17, BIN
ADL2126> 7,10 8,13 10,4 11,3 12,22 13,10 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3
22,3 23,5 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,8
39,2 40,17 41,1 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1
59,3 60,13 61,13 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,8 68,1<hind tibia tinged with brown> 69,3
70,1 71,7 72,1 73,3 74,1.69 75,0.92 76,0.91 77,0.54 78,0.34 79,0.37 80,0.92
81,1.74 82,0.80 83,0.39 84,1.85 85,2.05 86,1.08 87,3.00 90<South Australia;
known only from the holotype, collected in the semi-arid region near the border
with New South Wales and Victoria> 92<See comments under \i{}S. parallela\i0{}
sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola paractia\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 149, 150> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head
flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna
short. Closest to \i{}S. comparata \i0{}sp. nov., sharing the long head
posterior of the eye and mandible strongly convex outwardly, the second ventral
tooth prominent, and weakly concave ventrally. Separated by the vertex not
carinate between the lateral ocelli, head more compressed (DH/LH ~0.47), and
basal wing cells each with a single row of setae (that of R broadly interrupted)
rather than sparsely scattered> 4<From the Greek \i{}paraktios\i0{}, coastal,
referring to the collection of the holotype on the lake shore>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Lake Lonsdale; 37.00856\u176? S, 142.621041\u176? E; 14 Dec 2019; L.
Hearn leg.; sweeping Acacia; ANIC 32-154862> 7,10 8,11 10,6 11,5 12,3/17 13,5
14,4 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,2 22,3 23,9 24,2 25,3 26,2
28,2<indistinctly carinate behind ocelli> 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1
36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,3 42,5 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,2 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,1 70,2 71,1<setal row
in cell R broadly interrupted medially> 72,1 73,1 74,1.61 75,0.80 76,0.73
77,0.47 78,1.00 79,1.00 80,1.00 81,1.78 82,1.83 83,0.35 84,1.97 85,2.00 86,0.83
87,2.42 90<Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected near the Grampian
Range>

# \i{}Sierola paraglutinata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 149, 151> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head
moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line
through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible
reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
nesomeson\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. trinalis\i0{} sp. nov., united by having the
head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide, OOL/WOT
less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as the
mandible base. Differing from \i{}S. trinalis\i0{} in lacking the propodeal
transverse carina and having the hind femur relatively narrow (HFL/HFW
\u8805?2.50). Nearly identical to \i{}S. nesomeson\i0{}, differing only in the
wing venation, with a broader cell 2R1 and convex posterior margin of 1M, denser
setation of the basal wing cells, and slightly paler mandible. Also very similar
to \i{}S. intonsa\i0{} sp. nov., differing in having the mandible and femora
conspicuously pale (usually nearly black in \i{}S. intonsa\i0{}, sometimes
mandible reddish brown) and the vertex slightly carinate between the lateral
ocelli> 4<Named for the close similarity of this species to \i{}S.
glutinata\i0{} n. sp.> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cumberland Creek, via Cambarville; elev.
854 m; 13 Dec. 1973; I. Naumann leg.; Temperate rainforest; QM T262170> 7,10
8,11 10,4 11,3 12,17/2 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,3 23,8
24,1 25,3-2 26,1 28,7 29,1 30,4-5 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1
40,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2
59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,4 67,8 68,7 69,2 70,1 71,7 72,1 73,1 74,1.39 75,0.73
76,0.86 77,0.58 78,0.51 79,0.56 80,0.91 81,1.84 82,1.25 83,0.38 84,2.10 85,2.69
86,1.10 87,2.50 90<Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected in the
Yarra Ranges> 92<This species may be conspecific with \i{}S. nesomeson\i0{} sp.
nov., but the difference in wing venation and setation is notable enough that
given their geographic separation, I feel it is best to treat them as
semi-cryptic species>

# \i{}Sierola parallela\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 152, 153> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. United with \i{}S. confecta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. contracta\i0{}
sp. nov., \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. pericontracta\i0{} sp.
nov., and \i{}S. subcontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the long setae brown,
scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically with a flat-topped
ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Forming a
well-defined group with \i{}S. confecta\i0{} and \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{},
distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and carinate occipital
margin; separated from the former by the much more highly arched clypeus and
infuscate fore wing, and from the latter by the slightly narrower clypeal ridge,
very short malar space, and DNA sequence> 4<From the Latin \i{}parallelus\i0{},
side by side, referring to the collection of the holotype alongside that of
\i{}S. pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov. while being morphologically nearly identical
to \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{}> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cockburn Wetlands Education
Centre; 32.0865\u176? S, 115.831\u176? E; 8\endash{}15 Aug. 2014; D. Crosbie
leg.; Malaise Trap; ANIC 32-154863; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG23352-A08, process ID
GMCWF470-15, BIN ACW8560> 7,10 8,14 10,4 11,3 12,22<narrow, nearly carinate>
13,10 14,9 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,5 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,4 29,1
30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,8 39,2 40,17 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2
48,2 50,1 52,5 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,10 60,13 61,13 63,1 65,4 66,1
67,8 68,7 69,3 70,1 71,7 72,1 73,3 74,1.66 75,0.95 76,0.86 77,0.53 78,0.33
79,0.38 80,0.87 81,1.73 82,0.79 83,0.36 84,1.87 85,2.17 86,1.25 87,3.00
90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the
Perth-Fremantle area> 92<This species is morphologically nearly identical to
\i{}S. paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov. (ocellar triangle obtuse, DH/LH 0.54, OOL/WOT
~1.7) of South Australia, but was collected in Western Australia at the same
site as \i{}S. pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov. I would not have considered the
slight differences between this and at least the first species to be significant
enough to warrant describing it as separate, but all three have been sequenced
and they are genetically about equally distant (~6% divergent in COI). This
suggests that some of the other species described here from a small number of
widely-separated collections, such as \i{}S. megacephala\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
paracompressa\i0{} sp. nov., and \i{}S. vibrissoides\i0{} sp. nov., are likely
to be cryptic species pairs. The fourth species in this complex, \i{}S.
confecta\i0{} sp. nov. of New South Wales, has not been sequenced but also has
clear differences and is no doubt distinct from the others>

# \i{}Sierola pelion\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 149, 154> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep
(DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex
crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to \i{}S.
nitidigena\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. intonsa\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the
moderately narrow mandible, distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex
outwardly, distinct malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated
from the former by the narrow hind femur, gena reticulate posterolaterally, and
S6 glabrous medially; and from the latter by the coarser frons sculpture,
distinctly pigmented wing veins, and more triangular cell 1M> 4<Named for the
type locality, at the base of Mount Pelion East>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50' S, 146\u176?03' E; 30 Nov.
1990\endash{}8 Jan. 1991; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 5; ANIC 32-154864>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Mt Barrow 11km E by N
Nunamara; 41\u176?23' S, 147\u176?25' E; 30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C.
Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 4km S Mt Oakleigh;
41\u176?51' S, 146\u176?03' E; 4 Oct.\endash{}6 Nov. 1990; (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 3;
ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50' S,
146\u176?03' E; 4 Oct.\endash{}6 Nov. 1990; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 2;
ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Pelion Gap, 2 km ENE Mt. Ossa; 41\u176?52' S,
146\u176?03' E; 30 Nov. 1990\endash{}9 Jan. 1991; [no collector] leg.;
(W.E.B.S.) Malaise 6; ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; 4km S Mt Oakleigh;
41\u176?51' S, 146\u176?03' E; 30 Nov. 1990\endash{}8 Jan. 1991; (W.E.B.S.)
Malaise 3; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50'
S, 146\u176?03' E; 8 Jan.\endash{}12 Feb. 1991; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise
2; ANIC \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50'
S, 146\u176?03' E; 8 Jan.\endash{}12 Feb. 1991; open forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise
1; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50' S,
146\u176?03' E; 18\endash{}23 Nov. 1991; I.D. Naumann leg.; rainforest margin;
ANIC.\par{}Additional Material.\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9794?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50' S, 146\u176?03'
E; 5\endash{}10 Feb. 1990; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,4-5 12,3/4
13,2 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,3 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1
30,4-5 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2
47,1 48,1 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,11 63,1
65,12 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,2 70,4 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,1.96 75,0.89<0.78-0.98>
76,0.89<0.82-0.90> 77,0.59<0.57-0.61> 78,0.63<0.58-0.76> 79,0.59<0.55-0.68>
80,1.06<1.03-1.14> 81,1.78<1.71-1.82> 82,1.21<1.18-1.37> 83,0.38
84,2.17<2.08-2.26> 85,2.68<2.48-2.76> 86,1.50<1.33-1.57> 87,3.11 88<N = 14>
89<Similar to female with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Clypeus
semicircular, apex rounded, in profile weakly curved, nearly straight. Malar
space nearly absent. Frons setae longer than flagellum width. \i{}Mesosoma\i0{}.
Propodeal disc coarsely striate laterally. \i{}Metasoma\i0{}. Apical tergites
with very faint reticulation dorsally. \i{}Color\i0{}. Mandible pale yellow.
Fore femur predominantly yellow, dorsal and ventral margins brownish.
\i{}Wings\i0{}. Basal wing cells with intermediate
setation.\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.24 mm; LM 0.61 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH
0.56; EV/HE 0.64; EV/WF 0.69; WF/HE 0.93; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 1.12; DM/LM 0.40;
FL/FW 2.33; HFL/HFW 2.50; A3 L/W 1.25; 2R1 L/W 3.18> 90<Tasmania; known from a
long series all taken around the same locality in the course of one season>
92<The association of the male is somewhat uncertain; it differs from the female
in more characters than other species, such as wing setation. See comments under
\i{}S. intonsa\i0{}>

# \i{}Sierola peras\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 153, 155> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex
dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the moderately
deep head (DH/LH 0.55\endash{}0.60), mostly dark mandible, and lack of a carina
between the lateral ocelli. Closest to \i{}S. lemniscata\i0{} sp. nov.,
separated by having the mandible distinctly narrower, frons about as wide as eye
height, and head longer posterior of the eye> 4<From the Greek \i{}peras\i0{},
end or western, referring to the type locality on the far west coast and its
position as the last major town on the way north. It is a noun in apposition>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Geraldton; 31 Dec. 1975; R. Storey & E.M. Exley leg.; QM
T262171> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; QM> 7,10 8,14 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2
14,11 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4
31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2
50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7
68,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.86 75,0.98 76,0.88 77,0.58 78,0.63 79,0.62
80,1.03 81,1.79 82,1.03 83,0.37 84,1.96 85,2.29 86,0.83 87,2.47 90<Western
Australia; known from one collection>

# \i{}Sierola pericontracta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 153, 156> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. United with \i{}S. contracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. confecta\i0{}
sp. nov., \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov.,
and \i{}S. subcontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal
carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically with a flat-topped ridge, and
vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the first by
the dense punctation and short setae of the frons (setae only about as long as
the medial flagellum width) and broader head (WH/LH ~0.91) with posterior
corners well defined; and from the last by the low carina on the anterior frons,
mandible entirely black, and fore wing evenly tinged with yellow. Very similar
to \i{}S. confecta\i0{}, \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{}, and \i{}S. parallela\i0{},
separated by having the ocellar triangle front angle right and occipital margin
rounded, not carinate> 4<Referring to the similarity of this species to \i{}S.
contracta\i0{} sp. nov> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cockburn Wetlands Education Centre;
32.0865\u176? S, 115.831\u176? E; 6\endash{}13 Feb. 2015; D. Crosbie leg.;
Malaise Trap; ANIC 32-154865; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG26390-A01, process ID
GMCWS630-15, BIN ADC2753> 7,10 8,14 10,4-3 11,3 12,22 13,10 14,9 15,1 16,2 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,5 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2
35,2 36,2 37,3 38,8 39,2 40,4<weakly differentiated from ventral sculpture> 41,1
42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,3 60,13
61,13 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,5 70,1 71,7 72,1 73,3 74,2.11 75,1.13 76,0.93
77,0.55 78,0.29 79,0.35 80,0.83 81,1.89 82,0.95 83,0.39 84,1.80 85,2.02 86,1.20
87,2.85 90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the
Perth-Fremantle area> 92<See comments under \i{}S. parallela\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola planifrons\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 125, 157> 3<An aberrant member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} species group,
with the head flattened and frons broad but mesosoma not compressed. Closest to
\i{}S. lapis\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp. nov., separated by
having the head nearly as wide as long (WH/LH 0.98), head flat and clypeus
elongate in profile> 4<From the Latin \i{}planus\i0{}, flat, + \i{}frons\i0{},
front, referring to the broad frons and flattened head. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 5.5km W Musselbrook Mining Camp; 18\u176?36' S, 138\u176?06'
E; 14 Apr. 1995; G.V. Maynard leg.; \i{}Melaleuca\i0{} GVM-AC950549; ANIC
32-154866> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 9.7km N Ellis Beach; 17 Apr. 1987; E.C. Dahms, G. Sarnes
leg.; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,4 11,3 12,17 13,11 14,11 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,19
21,1 22,3 23,4 24,1 25,7 26,3 28,2 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,5
38,1 39,1 40,11 41,2 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,4 53,2 54,1 55,1 56,1
57,1 58,1 59,9 60,3 61,1 63,19 64,9 65,14 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2
74,2.28 75,1.29 76,0.98 77,0.44 78,0.71 79,0.45 80,1.60 81,1.46 82,1.79 83,0.38
84,1.73 85,1.82 86,1.33 87,2.53 90<Queensland; known from two locations in the
north, one wet and one dry> 92<Like \i{}S. medialis\i0{} sp. nov., the head
shape clearly places this species in the \i{}compressa\i0{} group despite the
robust mesosoma. Its collection from two very different habitat types is unusual
in the Australian \i{}Sierola\i0{} fauna>

# \i{}Sierola planirostris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 158, 159> 3<Among the species with a distinctly elongate, parallel-sided
clypeus, easily separated by the clypeus completely flat dorsally and evenly
sloping in profile. The sculpture of the frons is minutely colliculate,
obscuring the punctation, while the clypeus is highly polished, both unusual
characters. Most similar to \i{}S. giffardi\i0{} Fullaway of Hawaii, which
differs in having both the frons and clypeus smoothly microreticulate, and the
vertex distinctly concave> 4<From the Latin \i{}planus\i0{}, flat, +
\i{}rostrum\i0{}, beak or nose, referring to the flat clypeus. It is a noun in
apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Blackbutt, 9 km NE; 26\u176?52' S, 152\u176?11' E; 19 Oct.
1991; T. Gush leg.; in debris in creek bed, Tom Gush Collection 3181; ANIC
32-154867> 7,10 8,8 10,16 11,4 12,16 13,4 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,1 22,3 23,12 24,1 25,11 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,3 36,1
37,3 38,1 39,1 40,4 41,6 42,1 44,3 45,4 46,2 47,1 48,9 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,3 54,1
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,1-3 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
72,1 73,2 74,1.95 75,0.98 76,0.76 77,0.48 78,0.67 79,0.69 80,0.98 81,1.83
82,1.26 83,0.40 84,1.84 85,2.08 86,1.17 87,2.25 90<Queensland; known only from
the holotype, collected in the southeast>

# \i{}Sierola platyrhyncha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 160> 3<Part of a species complex with \i{}S. koala\i0{} sp. nov. and
\i{}S. samiata\i0{} sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus which is
curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad and
compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the former by
having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous rather than sparsely setose, frons
scarcely broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle front angle strongly
obtuse, and propodeum with a broad polished strip; and from the latter by the
black mandible and more compressed head> 4<From the Greek \i{}platy\i0{}, flat,
+ \i{}rhynchos\i0{}, nose, referring to the flattened clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 1km SSE Gladstone; 40\u176?58' S, 148\u176?01' E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154868>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Donaldson S.F. via Woodenbong; 30 Dec. 1979; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Whiskers, 7km WNW of Hoskinstown; 35\u176?24' S,
149\u176?23' E; 8 Sep. 1992; M.S. Upton leg.; ANIC> 7,10 8,9/12 10,14 11,4 12,16
13,11 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,3 19,2 20,19 21,3 22,4 23,8 24,2 25,4 26,3 28,3
29,1 30,6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,3 36,1 37,3 38,5 39,3 40,10 41,1 42,3 44,2 46,3
47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,6 53,2 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,11 61,1 63,1 65,4
66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,2 74,1.58 75,0.92<0.92-0.98>
76,0.96<0.96-1.00> 77,0.44<0.44-0.47> 78,0.36<0.35-0.39> 79,0.34<0.33-0.35>
80,1.06<1.06-1.09> 81,1.79<1.79-1.84> 82,0.98<0.96-1.12> 83,0.34
84,1.73<1.73-1.86> 85,2.13<2.09-2.21> 86,1.48<1.17-1.48> 87,2.73 88<N = 3>
90<New South Wales and Tasmania. Known from three widely separated collections;
probably occurring in Queensland and Victoria as well> 92<This may be
conspecific with \i{}S. samiata\i0{} sp. nov., as they differ mainly in mandible
color. Although the ranges are nearly sympatric, the records of \i{}S.
samiata\i0{} are from drier, more inland sites than \i{}S. platyrhyncha\i0{} sp.
nov>

# \i{}Sierola pontilis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 161, 163> 3<Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a
low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.59)
and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal
wing cells densely setose. Distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle
and posterior corners of the head strongly rounded off, appearing ovate rather
than quadrate in dorsal view. The head is also rather strongly convex dorsally>
4<From the Latin \i{}pontilis\i0{}, of a bridge, referring to the holotype
collection site> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Intake Bridge; 41\u176?19' S, 147\u176?56' E; 13 Jan. 1983;
I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154869>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Elephant Pass; 41\u176?38' S, 148\u176?13' E; 28 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,3 12,17/2 13,2
14,13 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,3-2 26,1 27,3 28,3
29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,3 40,2 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3
47,2 48,2 50,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,1 60,1 61,11 63,1 65,10
66,1 67,8 68,3 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,1.45 75,0.72 76,0.87 77,0.59 78,0.46
79,0.55 80,0.84 81,1.97 82,1.08 83,0.42 84,2.06 85,2.59 86,1.30 87,3.08
90<Tasmania; known only from two specimens>

# \i{}Sierola porticola\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 162, 163> 3<Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex
dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the
orange-brown mandible, flattened head, and S6 evenly covered with short,
anteriorly-directed setae. Some specimens of \i{}S. carinifrons\i0{} sp. nov.
also have the mandible pale, but also have the propodeum with a broad median
polished strip extending the full length of the dorsal surface and frons
microsculpture smooth; in \i{}S. porticola\i0{} sp. nov. the propodeum is
polished only in a triangle covering the basal 1/3 and the frons microsculpture
coriaceous> 4<From the Latin \i{}portus\i0{}, harbor, + \i{}-cola\i0{}, dweller,
referring to the collection of this species near Waterloo Bay>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Elliston; 14 Nov. 1992; L.S. & R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC> 7,10 8,13 10,5
11,4 12,3 13,2 14,10 15,2 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,1<largely
obscured by microsculpture> 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,1 30,4-3 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,3 43,1 44,1 46,4 47,2 48,3 50,2 51,1 52,2
53,3 54,7<smooth but faintly microreticulate back to declivity> 55,7 56,1 57,2
58,1 59,1 60,1 61,6 63,1 65,18 66,19 67,9 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1<apex of
Rs faint or absent but last segment of C clearly present and pigmented> 74,1.57
75,0.82 76,0.84 77,0.52 78,0.62 79,0.72 80,0.86 81,1.87 82,1.15 83,0.32 84,2.00
85,2.08 86,0.91 87,2.56 90<South Australia; known only from the holotype,
collected on the Eyre Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola proboscidis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 164> 3<Easily separated from nearly all other \i{}Sierola\i0{} by
the elongate trapezoidal clypeus, which is narrowly truncate apically and
strongly convex dorsally. Closest to \i{}S. redacta\i0{} sp. nov., distinguished
by the narrower clypeus which is strongly curved in profile; broader head, with
OOL/WOT much less (1.13\endash{}1.33 vs. ~1.75); elongate setae of the vertex
and gena; and sparsely setose basal wing cells. The form of the clypeus
resembles some species from Hawaii such as \i{}S. winiwini\i0{} Magnacca, but in
all those seen the clypeus is either flat or at least weakly carinate, not
convex> 4<From the Latin \i{}proboscidis\i0{}, snout, referring to the elongate,
narrow clypeus. It is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Australian Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Honeysuckle
Creek; 35\u176?35' S, 149\u176?00' E; 11\endash{}22 Apr. 1985; I.D. Naumann,
J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol; ANIC 32-154870>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra, Cook, 8 Moss Street; 35.261\u176?
S, 149.0591\u176? E; elev. 632 m; 9 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, P. Hebert, S. Kirk, J.
McCormick, J. Sones leg.; BOLD: process ID HYAT264-11, BIN ABA1054; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as preceding; 30 Oct. 2010; BOLD:
process ID HYAS784-11, BIN ABA1054; ANIC \bullet{} 3 \u9792?\u9792?; Canberra,
Cook, 8 Moss Street; 35.261\u176? S, 149.0591\u176? E; elev. 632 m;
18\endash{}24 Oct. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise Trap; BOLD: process IDs
AACTA1114-20, AACTA1145-20, AACTA1632-20, BIN ABA1054; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?; Royalla; 29 Mar. 1961; D.H. Colless
leg.; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Blunder Creek,
Brisbane; 2\endash{}9 Oct. 1979; A. Hook & H.E. & M.A. Evans leg.; QM \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; same collection data as preceding; 1\endash{}7 Nov. 1979; QM.
\endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Mt. Barker; 12 Dec.
1989\endash{}2 Jan. 1990; A.D. Austin & R. Wharton leg.; SAMA. \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Parkville, Melbourne; 18 Feb. 1985; K.
Walker leg.; on \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; MVMA HYM-86596 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?;
Melbourne, Roadside, Reids Rd.; 37\u176?44' S, 144\u176?20' E; 19 May 1993; B.
Van Praagh & P. Lillywhite leg.; Melbourne Western Region Survey, Canopy Fogging
Grey Box Woodland. Rep. 1; MVMA HYM-86619> 7,10 8,8/9/10/11/13 10,18-3 11,5 12,8
13,11 14,9-10 15,2 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,3 25,4-3 26,1/2
28,3 29,2 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 38,6 39,1 40,3 41,1 42,3 44,1
46,2 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,6 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,13 60,5 61,3 63,1
65,4 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,1/3 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1<rarely faint at apex or not
reaching wing margin> 74,1.71 75,0.94<0.78-1.11> 76,0.87<0.83-0.92>
77,0.51<0.49-0.55> 78,0.52<0.43-0.58> 79,0.52<0.43-0.58> 80,1.00<0.95-1.03>
81,1.79<1.77-1.85> 82,1.15<1.13-1.33> 83,0.38 84,1.96<1.83-1.97>
85,2.17<2.16-2.31> 86,1.30<1.11-1.33> 87,3.14 88<N = 13> 90<Queensland, New
South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and South Australia.
Widespread across the southeast> 92<In smaller specimens where the mandibles are
partly opened, the size and shape of the clypeus may not be as clearly observed.
However, the peculiar dorsal ridge (somewhat broad, flat or broadly convex, and
shiny) is very distinctive. The apex of Rs is somewhat variable; in most
specimens it clearly reaches the wing margin, but sometimes is weakly pigmented
distally, and in one specimen clearly ends short, with the poststigmal abscissa
of R1 also absent. The last is part of a series of specimens collected together
and sequenced, and all are identical in DNA. In one of the Queensland specimens
cell 1M is unusually small and narrow, but the other collected with it is
normal>

# \i{}Sierola pumila\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 165, 190> 3<Part of the large complex of species with the head convex
dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and head compressed. Separated from similar
species by the elongate vertex and gena setae, strongly compressed head (DH/LH
~0.48), carinate occipital margin, and sparsely setose basal wing cells> 4<From
the Latin \i{}pumilis\i0{}, small, referring to the diminutive size>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Cockatoo Creek; 11\u176?39' S, 142\u176?27' E; 20 Apr.\endash{}20 May
1994; P. Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC 32-154871>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Bramston Beach; 17\u176?21' S, 146\u176?01' E; 14 Dec. 1991; C.J.
Burwell leg.; ex ethanol; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,3 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,12 15,1 16,1 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,2 25,4 26,5 28,4 29,1 30,5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,1 38,3 39,3 40,9 41,3 42,2 43,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,1 50,1 51,3 52,2
53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,4 67,18 68,1 69,1 70,2
71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.01 75,0.59 76,0.80 77,0.45 78,0.71 79,0.68 80,1.04 81,1.70
82,1.30 83,0.31 84,1.83 85,2.00 86,0.75 87,3.09 90<Queensland; known from two
specimens collected in the Cairns and Cape York regions>

# \i{}Sierola reburra\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 163, 166> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, dense frons punctation, and the basal wing
cells very densely setose. Close to \i{}S. vulsa\i0{} sp. nov. in having the
long setae yellow-brown rather than black; joined with \i{}S. dolichotrhix\i0{}
sp. nov. in having the head narrow and a sharp, thin, laminate clypeal carina,
continuous from the anterior to dorsal surface between the antennal sockets,
distinguished by the black mandible and metasomal T4\endash{}6 with faint but
distinct dorsal microreticulation> 4<From the Latin \i{}reburrus\i0{},
bristling, referring to the long setae of the head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9\endash{}19 Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2,
sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of flowering shrubs & some
\i{}Eucalyptus\i0{} & \i{}Acacia\i0{} plants near by, tied to dead tree near
thorn bush; SAMA> 7,10 8,13 10,1 11,1 12,21 13,1 14,12 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,2 23,5 24,6 25,2 26,1 28,4 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,4 38,5 39,2 40,4 41,1 42,2 44,1 46,1 47,2 48,2 50,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,1 58,1 59,14 60,8 61,4 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,7 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,7 72,2 73,1
74,1.45 75,0.80 76,0.82 77,0.53 78,0.47 79,0.50 80,0.95 81,1.74 82,1.00 83,0.36
84,1.82 85,1.86 86,1.00 87,2.79 90<South Australia; known only from the
holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola redacta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 163, 167> 3<Easily separated from nearly all other \i{}Sierola\i0{} by
the elongate trapezoidal clypeus, which is narrowly truncate apically and
strongly convex dorsally. Closest to \i{}S. proboscidis\i0{} sp. nov.,
distinguished by the broader clypeus which is weakly curved in profile; narrower
head, with OOL/WOT much greater (1.60\endash{}1.90 vs. 1.00\endash{}1.30); short
vertex and gena setae; and densely setose basal wing cells> 4<From the Latin
\i{}redactus\i0{}, shortened, referring to the truncate clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 14km S Bronte Park; 42\u176?15' S, 146\u176?29' E; 15 Jan.\endash{}3
Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154872>
6<\i{}Paratype\i0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Shoobridge Bend, Mt. Wellington; 42\u176?54' S, 147\u176?15' E; 5 Feb.
1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC> 7,10 8,12 10,18 11,5
12,4 13,11 14,5 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,3 23,13 24,1 25,2-3 26,1
28,7 29,2 30,3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 38,6 39,1 40,2 41,3 42,1 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,14 61,1
63,19 64,9 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,2.02 75,0.95 76,0.80
77,0.47 78,0.74 79,0.64 80,1.15 81,1.69 82,1.75 83,0.37 84,2.08 85,2.30 86,1.06
87,2.84 90<Tasmania; known from two specimens taken in the southern half of the
island>

# \i{}Sierola regulus\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 163, 168> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells
setose, and mandible black, easily recognized by the combination of cell 2R1
open (vein Rs not reaching the wing margin) and ocellar triangle strongly
obtuse. Closest to \i{}S. gingera\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the ocellar triangle,
but differing in having the vertex and gena setae are not so strong and in the
wing venation. Also similar to \i{}S. crinita\i0{} sp. nov., differing in the
elongate vertex and gena setae, broader head, and ocellar triangle> 4<From the
Latin \i{}regulus\i0{}, diminutive of king, from the collection of the unique
type on the small King Island> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S,
143.9905\u176? E; 19 Nov\endash{}16 Dec 2023; S.J. Grove, L. Cambra, M. Beattie
leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180575> 7,10 8,12 10,4 11,3 12,4 13,2 14,10
15,2 16,4 17,7 18,2 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,4 24,3 25,2 26,2 28,7 29,1 30,6 31,2
32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,7 38,7 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3 44,3 45,2 46,2 47,1 48,2
50,2 52,5 53,3 54,2 55,7 56,2 57,2 58,2 59,13 60,9 61,1 63,1 65,5 66,1 67,2 69,3
70,1 71,1 72,1 73,3 74,1.99 75,0.98 76,0.89 77,0.52 78,0.56 79,0.50 80,1.13
81,1.64 82,1.00 83,0.37 84,1.96 85,2.13 86,1.00 87,3.20 90<Tasmania; known only
from the holotype, collected on King Island>

# \i{}Sierola remota\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 163, 169> 3<Distinguished by the combination of the head moderately deep
(DH/LH ~0.55) and convex dorsally; mandible narrow, parallel-sided, strongly
convex outwardly, and black to reddish brown; ocellar triangle strongly acute;
and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S. bidawal\i0{} sp. nov.,
but the clypeus is distinctly curved in profile and dorsally smoothly convex,
not carinate or angulate, the mandible is very different, and the head much more
convex ventrally> 4<Referring to the type locality in the southwest of Tasmania,
accessible only by boat or a long foot journey>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Claytons, Bathurst Harbor; 43\u176?22' S, 146\u176?08' E; 3 Dec.
1990\endash{}15 Jan. 1991; Nielsen, Edwards leg.; Malaise trap; ANIC 32-154873>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 4km SE Weldsborough; 41\u176?14' S, 147\u176?56' E; 13 Jan.\endash{}7
Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Woodsdale; 42.479\u176? S, 147.576\u176? E; 8 Oct 1986; R. Bashford
leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F151430> 7,10 8,12 10,4-5 11,4 12,4 13,2 14,12 15,4
16,7 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1
33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1/3 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1
53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,11 63,1 65,4 66,1-3 67,7 68,3 69,1
70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,1.93 75,0.95<0.94-1.00> 76,0.79<0.76-0.79>
77,0.55<0.53-0.55> 78,0.74<0.74-0.82> 79,0.71<0.71-0.78> 80,1.04<1.00-1.08>
81,1.77<1.73-1.80> 82,1.48<1.42-1.50> 83,0.40 84,1.83<1.83-1.93>
85,2.57<2.48-2.57> 86,1.60<1.48-1.60> 87,3.00 88<N = 3> 90<Tasmania; known from
three widely separated specimens, one each from the northeast, east-central, and
southwest areas> 92<The Woodsdale paratype has the mandible distinctly reddish
brown, rather than black as in the other two specimens, but is otherwise
identical>

# \i{}Sierola rotundiceps\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 170> 3<Distinguished from most other species by having the head both
broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to \i{}S.
elasson\i0{} and \i{}S. stilboparia\i0{} sp. nov.; separated from the former by
having the head broadly convex ventrally and lacking the median propodeal
carina, from the latter by the deeper head (DH/LH 0.62\endash{}0.64), and from
both by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, narrow hind femur, and entirely
coriaceous gena> 4<Referring to the strongly rounded head, in both dorsal and
lateral view> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Ballarat; em 29 Oct. 1980; B.J. Iles leg.; ex
\i{}Narycia\i0{} [=\i{}Lepidoscia\i0{}] \i{}cataphracta\i0{}; ANIC 32-154874>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Toms Cabin, New England NP; 30\u176?30' S, 152\u176?24' E;
2\endash{}15 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol;
ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 2 \u9792?\u9792?, 2 \u9794?\u9794?;
same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10 8,9/11 10,5/6 11,4 12,3 13,5 14,11 15,4 16,4
17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,2 30,2 31,2 32,1
33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,4 50,1 51,1
52,6 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,1 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,7 68,4 69,3
70,1 71,1 72,2 73,2 74,2.40 75,1.19<0.97-1.19> 76,0.95<0.92-0.95>
77,0.64<0.62-0.64> 78,0.49<0.49-0.57> 79,0.47<0.47-0.58> 80,1.04<0.95-1.04>
81,1.84<1.82-1.86> 82,1.42<1.40-1.42> 83,0.42 84,2.00<2.00-2.10>
85,2.69<2.69-2.82> 86,1.51<1.50-1.51> 87,2.73 88<N = 4> 89<Similar to female
with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Moderately convex dorsally.
\i{}Color\i0{}. Antenna yellow on scape and basal half of flagellum, apical half
brown. Mandible yellow.\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}. LFW 1.79\endash{}1.86 mm; LM
0.89\endash{}0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.92\endash{}0.98; DH/LH 0.59\endash{}0.65; EV/HE
0.51\endash{}0.55; EV/WF 0.51\endash{}0.55; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT
1.19\endash{}1.24; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.26\endash{}2.33; HFL/HFW
2.89\endash{}2.90; A3 L/W 1.50\endash{}1.57; 2R1 L/W 2.56\endash{}2.58> 90<New
South Wales and Victoria; known from two collections> 91<The type series was
reared from \i{}Lepidoscia cataphracta\i0{} (Meyrick, 1893) (Psychidae), a
case-making moth that feeds on lichens (Zborowski & Edwards, 2007)>

# \i{}Sierola samiata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 171> 3<Part of a species complex with \i{}S. koala\i0{} sp. nov. and
\i{}S. platyrhyncha\i0{} sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus
which is curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad
and compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the former by
having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous rather than sparsely setose, frons
scarcely broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle front angle strongly
obtuse, and propodeum with a broad polished strip; and from the latter by the
reddish brown to orange mandible and slightly deeper head> 4<From the Latin
\i{}samiatus\i0{}, polished, referring to the strongly shining clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; nr. Westcott Plain, Bunya Mts. Nat. Pk.; 26\u176?52' S, 151\u176?34' E;
6\endash{}7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC
32-154875> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Boggomoss 30 via Taroom; 25\u176?29' S, 150\u176?08' E; 14
Nov. 1996\endash{}Jan. 1997; D. Cook & G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept
057; QM T33421 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Bunya Mts. National Park, Cherry Plain
Picnic Area; 26\u176? 51' 04 S, 151\u176? 33' 42 E; 18\endash{}19 Dec. 2002; J.
Munro leg.; YPT [yellow pan trap]; UCRC 126809> 7,10 8,8 10,16 11,3 12,5 13,5
14,12 15,1 16,4 17,1 18,3 19,3 20,20 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,4 26,3 28,4 29,1
30,6 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,7 38,3 39,3 40,11 41,7 42,3 44,3 46,3 47,2
48,4 50,2 51,1 52,4 53,1 54,5 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,13 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,3
67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,1 74,1.55 75,0.89<0.72-0.94> 76,0.99<0.97-0.99>
77,0.49<0.45-0.51> 78,0.39<0.36-0.39> 79,0.37<0.36-0.37> 80,1.05<1.00-1.05>
81,1.84<1.81-1.88> 82,0.85<0.83-1.02> 83,0.34 84,1.91<1.79-1.91>
85,2.10<2.10-2.23> 86,1.30<1.23-1.30> 87,3.00 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland; known
from three specimens taken in the southeast> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
platyrhyncha\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola sarculata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 172> 3<A very distinctive species, with a very broad, flat clypeus,
deep head which is strongly convex above and angulate below, twisted mandible,
and densely setose basal wing cells. The unusual slightly upturned clypeal apex
is shared with \i{}S. nasuta\i0{} sp. nov., but they differ in most other
respects.> 4<From the Latin \i{}sarculum\i0{}, hoe, referring to the resemblance
of the enlarged, flattened clypeus to the gardening implement>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Blundells Ck; 35\u176?22' S, 148\u176?50' E;
Feb. 1987; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC 32-154876> 7,10 8,10 10,14 11,4 12,12 13,12
14,11 15,8 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,17 21,5 22,2 23,6<sparser posterior of eyes>
24,2 25,8 26,2 28,2 29,3 30,1 31,4 32,3 33,2 34,2 35,3 36,1 37,1 38,3 39,3 40,8
41,1 42,2 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,4 53,4 54,4 55,6 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9
60,12 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,2 74,2.24 75,1.23
76,0.81 77,0.55 78,0.69 79,0.52 80,1.38 81,1.58 82,1.84 83,0.38 84,1.94 85,2.13
86,0.91 87,2.26 90<Australian Capital Territory; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola scaphogenia\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 153, 173> 3<A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable by the
shape of the head in lateral view, with the venter behind the mouthparts
strongly concave. The frons microsculpture is also unusual, colliculate below
changing to coriaceous above the eyes, obscuring the punctation> 4<From the
Greek \i{}skaphe\i0{}, hollowed, + \i{}geneion\i0{}, chin, referring to the
shape of the venter of the head. It is a noun in apposition>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Ludlow; 33\u176?37' S, 115\u176?29' E; 2 Nov.\endash{}23 Dec.
1981; S.J. Curry leg.; Malaise/Tuart forest; ANIC 32-154877> 7,10 8,14 10,3 11,3
12,4 13,2 14,22 15,1 16,4 17,7 18,1 19,2 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,10 24,1 25,9 26,7
28,1 29,2 30,2 31,4 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,4 36,1 37,9 38,5 39,2 40,2 41,3 42,3 44,3
46,4 47,2 48,3 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1
65,15 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,2 73,2 74,1.68 75,0.89 76,0.88 77,0.58
78,0.55 79,0.52 80,1.05 81,1.83 82,1.49 83,0.39 84,1.93 85,2.21 86,1.43 87,2.33
90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype taken in the far southwest>

# \i{}Sierola scutula\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 153, 174> 3<Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head,
separated from the \i{}compressa\i0{} group by the relatively long, narrow,
quadrate head. Closest to \i{}S. antipoda\i0{} Ashmead, distinguished by the
sparsely setose basal wing cells and moderately narrow, parallel-sided mandible,
smooth frons microsculpture, and head longer behind the eyes> 4<From the Latin
\i{}scutula\i0{}, lozenge, referring to the shape of the head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 22km n. Eneabba; 29\u176?38' S, 115\u176?14' E; 13 Jun. 1995;
L.S. & R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC 10108> 7,10 8,14 10,5-6
11,4-5 12,17/2 13,2 14,12-9 15,1 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,1 24,1
25,4 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,3-4 31,1 32,3 33,4 34,4 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,4
41,1 42,5 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,3 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,3 57,3
58,1 59,2 63,1 65,2 66,1 67,8 68,11 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.38 75,0.70
76,0.71 77,0.37 78,1.11 79,1.08 80,1.02 81,1.75 82,1.49 83,0.25 84,2.24 85,2.17
86,0.87 87,2.83 90<Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected
near the west coast>

# \i{}Sierola setosipennis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 175> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by
the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely
setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to
obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to \i{}S.
trachycephala\i0{} sp. nov. in having the mandible weakly convex outwardly and
basal wing cells densely setose; separated by having the clypeus evenly curved
in profile and legs all yellow. The head is also slightly convex dorsally and
ventrally, not narrowing anteriorly in lateral view as is typical in this group>
4<From the Latin \i{}saetosus\i0{}, bristly, + \i{}penna\i0{}, wing, referring
to the very dense setation of the basal wing cells>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Nr. Pomona; 27 Oct. 1965; E.M. Exley leg.; \i{}Tristania
suaveolens\i0{}; QM T262172> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,3 13,2 14,5/11 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,4 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,16 41,2 42,5 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,2 52,1
53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,14 61,1 63,1 65,8 66,1 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1
72,1 73,1 74,2.03 75,1.07 76,0.95 77,0.43 78,0.72 79,0.63 80,1.13 81,1.74
82,1.63 83,0.28 84,2.07 85,2.16 86,1.00 87,2.57 90<Queensland; known only from
the holotype, collected in the southeast> 92<Based on the more parallel-sided
head this species may be more closely related to the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group>

# \i{}Sierola sila\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 159, 176> 3<Among species with the head moderately broad and more or less
flat dorsally and ventrally, unusual in having the clypeus very short and
completely flat, without a trace of a carina. Closest to \i{}S. stipulata\i0{}
sp. nov., separated by the lack of a clypeal carina, nearly glabrous basal wing
cells, and much smaller size> 4<From the Latin \i{}silus\i0{}, snub-nosed,
referring to the short, blunt clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Brookfield Con. Pk.;
34\u176?19' S, 139\u176?30' E; 2 Dec. 1991\endash{}2 Jan. 1992; J. Stelman, S.
Williams leg.; malaise {}#1 mallee with \i{}Triodia\i0{}; ANIC 32-154878>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
1 \u9792?; Vivionne Bay, Kangaroo I.; 1926; Mus. Exp. 2; SAMA 32-42936> 7,10
8,13 10,6 11,4/5 12,5 13,6 14,1 15,2 16,4 17,4 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,8
24,1 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,3 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3
41,1 42,5 44,2 46,3 47,3 48,2 50,2 51,1 53,4 54,2 55,4 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,4 60,1
61,3 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2 74,1.33 75,0.66 76,0.86
77,0.49 78,1.03 79,0.86 80,1.20 81,1.72 82,2.00 83,0.39 84,2.38 85,2.33 86,1.00
87,1.88 90<South Australia; known from two collections> 92<The relationships of
this species are unknown; it is probably more closely related to \i{}S.
limitata\i0{} sp. nov. than the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, but the flat clypeus
is unusual for either>

# \i{}Sierola sinuata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 177, 179> 3<The unusual sinuate mandible (bent mesally near the base to
form an outward concavity, apical half convex and swollen immediately
distinguish this species together with its sister species \i{}S.
corynognatha\i0{} sp. nov. Distinguished from the latter by the absence of
modified sculpture on the frons, head dorsally not so strongly convex, lateral
ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, coxae and femora dark brown to
black, and in the head dimensions> 4<From the Latin \i{}sinuo\i0{}, bending,
referring to the mandibles> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 12[km?] N W Adaminaby; 8 Nov. 1961; E.F.
Riek leg.; ANIC 32-154879> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New
South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; The Creel, Kosciusko; 8 Nov. 1961; E.F.
Riek leg.; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Cardigan R.,
23 km EbyS Queenstown; 42\u176?07' S, 145\u176?50' E; 10 Dec. 1981; I.D. Naumann
leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 5 km NW of Mt. Mueller; 42\u176?46'
S, 146\u176?25' E; 11 Dec. 1981; I.D. Naumann leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 6 km W Miena; 41\u176?59' S, 146\u176?39' E; 20 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 9km WSW
Derwent Bridge; 42\u176?10' S, 146\u176?08' E; 21 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C.
Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 18 km SWbyW Derwent Bridge;
42\u176?13' S, 146\u176?02' E; 22 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Franklin River; 42\u176?13' S, 146\u176?01'
E; 22 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 7km WbyS Buckland; 42\u176?38' S, 147\u176?38' E; 27 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC> 7,10 8,9/12 10,5 11,2 12,2/17 13,2
14,5 15,9 16,6 17,8 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,2 23,8 24,1 25,1 26,1 28,7 29,2 30,3
31,1 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,3 44,2 45,2 46,2 47,1
48,2 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,2 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,1 66,1
67,7 68,13 69,2 70,1 71,5 72,1 73,2 74,2.49 75,1.19<0.88-1.19>
76,0.93<0.86-0.93> 77,0.60<0.57-0.61> 78,0.64<0.64-0.79> 79,0.57<0.57-0.69>
80,1.13<1.05-1.19> 81,1.70<1.67-1.76> 82,1.53<1.43-1.63> 83,0.44
84,2.30<2.20-2.41> 85,2.32<2.32-2.52> 86,1.34<1.14-1.34> 87,2.21 88<N = 9>
90<Tasmania and New South Wales; presumably occurring in Victoria and Australian
Capitol Territory as well. Known from a number of locations, mostly at higher
elevations>

# \i{}Sierola solitaria\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 178, 179> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group, with the head
flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, and frons narrow. Closest to
\i{}S. marginalis\i0{} sp. nov. in having nearly glabrous basal wing cells;
separated by having the head slightly narrower and deeper (WH/LH 0.74, DH/LH
0.46 vs. 0.70 and 0.52 respectively) clypeus evenly sloping in profile, mandible
slightly twisted, and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest.
The antennae are also long, reaching the posterior pronotal margin, whereas all
other members have short antenna> 4<Named for the holotype being the only
specimen of its species taken in an area where \i{}S. pelion\i0{} is abundant>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Pelion Hut, 3km S Mt Oakleigh; 41\u176?50' S, 146\u176?03' E;
5\endash{}9 Apr. 1991; J.A. Berry leg.; ANIC 32-154880>
6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Colinsvale, near Hobart; 8 Oct. 1989; U.F. Eastop[?] leg.; sweeping
rushes; ANIC> 7,10 8,12 10,5 11,3 12,17 13,5 14,10 15,2 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,9 24,2 25,3 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5
38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,3 44,5 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,2-3 72,1 73,2
74,1.55 75,0.78 76,0.74 77,0.46 78,1.07 79,0.91 80,1.10 81,1.71 82,2.21 83,0.34
84,2.36 85,2.69 86,1.43 87,2.81 90<Tasmania; known only from two specimens>

# \i{}Sierola specularis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 26, 180> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by the
head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose;
belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and
head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to \i{}S. furtiva\i0{} sp. nov. in
having the mandible strongly convex outwardly and basal wing cells sparsely
setose; separated by the obtuse ocellar triangle with the lateral ocelli
touching the vertex crest, smoother frons microsculpture, and posterior margin
of cell 1M distinctly convex with the distal corner rounded> 4<From the Latin
\i{}specularis\i0{}, mirror, referring to the near-identity of this species to
\i{}S. amputator\i0{} from the opposite side of the continent>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territory\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Acacia; 25 Aug. 2012; L.J. Cookson leg.; MVMA HYM-86592> 7,10
8,15 10,4 11,3 12,17/2 13,2/3 14,14 15,4 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 21,1 22,3 23,2 24,2
25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,17 41,1
42,5 43,1 44,1 45,4 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,5 52,4 53,1 54,2 55,1 56,2 57,1 59,9 60,1
61,3 63,1 65,14 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,2/6 72,2 73,1 74,1.60 75,0.93
76,0.84 77,0.37 78,0.80 79,0.70 80,1.14 81,1.70 82,1.39 83,0.26 84,1.75 85,1.63
86,0.63 87,3.12 90<Northern Territory; known only from the holotype> 92<The type
locality is highly uncertain; \ldblquote{}Acacia\rdblquote{} appears to refer to
a locality rather than the plant but no locality by that name alone can be
found>

# \i{}Sierola sphenocephala\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 181, 183> 3<This is a very distinctive species, with an unusual broad,
truncate, dorsally flat, moderate-length clypeus combined with a very narrow,
somewhat flat head. This combination alone will separate it from all others. The
propodeum is also unique in being elongate and narrow, over 0.4x the length of
the entire mesosoma, with a distinct transverse carina and the disc slightly
longer than the basal width (much narrower than the width at the transverse
carina). Typically the propodeum is about a third of the mesosoma length; in the
few species where it is longer, it is much wider than the length to the
declivity, and the transverse carina is usually absent. The fore femora are also
among the most narrow in the genus> 4<From the Greek \i{}sphenos\i0{}, wedge, +
\i{}kephalon\i0{}, head, referring to the shape of the clypeus and head and its
probable function> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South
Wales\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Warrumbungles Nat. Park, via Coonabarabran; 17
Dec. 1974; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping grass by creek; dry sclerophyll forest; QM
T262173> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; QM> 7,10 8,9 10,17 11,5 12,5
13,4<slightly concave> 14,9 15,2 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,6 22,4 23,12 24,1
25,9 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,2-3 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,5 38,7 39,1 40,2
41,3 42,3 43,1 44,1 45,2 46,4 47,2 48,3 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,4<propodeum
elongate, longer than wide and nearly as long as remainder of mesosoma> 56,1
57,3 58,1 59,1 60,13 61,3 63,1 65,15 66,1 67,7 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,4 73,1
74,1.77 75,1.07 76,0.75 77,0.47 78,0.68 79,0.62 80,1.11 81,1.54 82,1.55 83,0.30
84,2.60 85,2.78 86,1.43 87,3.60 90<New South Wales; known only from one
collection>

# \i{}Sierola splendida\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 182, 183> 3<Part of the species cluster with the clypeus evenly convex
dorsally without any carina or ridge, frons shining with smooth reticulation,
and head broad. Separated from \i{}S. mucronervis\i0{} sp. nov. and other
similar species by having the head not quite as wide as long, mandible black,
and cell R of the fore wing with a distinct distal cluster of setae> 4<From the
Latin \i{}splendidus\i0{}, lustrous or glorious, referring to both the polished
head and the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Mt. Glorious; 22 Jun.\endash{}18 Oct.
1982; A. Hiller leg.; Malaise trap, R.F.; QM T262174>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Hurdle Gully, 14.8km WSW Monto; 24\u176?55' S, 150\u176?59' E; 460 m;
20 Dec. 1997\endash{}26 Apr. 1998; G. Monteith leg.; Open forest pitfall trap;
QM. \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Barbara Baehr\rquote{}s
pitfall 8 Ned\rquote{}s Corner Bush Blitz; 34\u176? 07' 28 S, 141\u176? 17' 50.1
E; 23\endash{}29 Nov. 2011; B. Baehr leg.; BBNC 716, Pitfall trap; MVMA
HYM-61042> 7,10 8,8/11 10,4 11,3 12,5 13,2 14,13 15,1 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,2 22,4 23,8 24,3 25,4 26,2 28,7 29,1 30,4 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,1 35,3 36,1 37,1
38,3 39,1 40,11 41,5 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1
57,2 58,2 59,2 60,8 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,4 72,1 73,2
74,1.70 75,0.92<0.92-0.98> 76,0.95<0.94-0.97> 77,0.53<0.51-0.53>
78,0.44<0.43-0.44> 79,0.42<0.42-0.43> 80,1.05<1.02-1.05> 81,1.73<1.73-1.81>
82,1.09<1.02-1.09> 83,0.37 84,1.89<1.78-1.89> 85,2.33<2.25-2.33>
86,1.18<1.18-1.30> 87,2.69 88<N = 3> 90<Queensland and Victoria; known from
three specimens> 92<The Victoria specimen was collected far away from and in
much drier habitat than the Queensland ones, but matches them in all respects>

# \i{}Sierola stenognatha\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 179, 184> 3<Unique in the Australian fauna in having the mandible very
narrow and slightly bent down near the middle. The mandible is orange-brown,
clypeus convex dorsally with no trace of a carina, and vertex and gena setae
elongate and conspicuous. Closest to some Hawaii species such as \i{}S.
kumumu\i0{} Magnacca of Oahu, differing in the form of the clypeus and other
respects> 4<From the Greek \i{}steno\i0{}, narrow, + \i{}gnathos\i0{}, jaw,
referring to the unusually thin mandibles> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 1km SSE Gladstone; 40\u176?58' S,
148\u176?01' E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
32-154881> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Canberra, CSIRO, behind CSIRO; 35.275\u176?
S, 149.1109\u176? E; elev. 590 m; 2 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V.
Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones, J. Webb leg.; BOLD: process ID
MCCAA8851-20, BIN AED4305; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 2
\u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10 8,10/12 10,3 11,3 12,4 13,3
14,15 15,10 16,1 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,6 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,3 25,4 26,1 28,3 29,1
30,5-6 31,4 32,3 33,1 34,1 35,2 36,1 37,1 38,3 39,3 40,9 41,2 42,2 44,3 46,3
47,2 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,2 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,10 61,1 63,1 65,4
66,3-4 67,8 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,1/6 72,1 73,1 74,1.36 75,0.73<0.73-0.80>
76,0.86<0.86-0.88> 77,0.50<0.50-0.54> 78,0.53<0.45-0.53> 79,0.53<0.44-0.54>
80,1.00<0.94-1.03> 81,1.78<1.76-1.88> 82,1.00<1.00-1.05> 83,0.33
84,2.05<1.91-2.05> 85,2.00<1.96-2.22> 86,1.15<1.00-1.25> 87,2.94 88<N = 4>
90<Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory; known from two collections> 92<The
Canberra specimen differs in having the vertex setae elongate but not as
conspicuous, occipital margin broadly rounded, ocellar triangle more strongly
obtuse, basal wing cells slightly more densely setose, and eye setae short. It
may represent a distinct cryptic species, but these differences do not seem
sufficient to separate it at this time>

# \i{}Sierola stichtops\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 179, 185> 3<A unique species, immediately recognizable by the deep,
close, even punctures of the lower frons, abruptly changing to normal, sparser
punctation above the middle of the eye. The head is also very densely setose
ventrally, with longer setae posteriorly> 4<From the Greek \i{}stichtos\i0{},
punctured, + \i{}ops\i0{}, face, referring to the unusual deep, dense punctures
of the lower frons> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 10km ENE of Nunamara; 41\u176?22' S,
147\u176?24' E; 12 Jan.\endash{}6 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.;
Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154882> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
Tasmania \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC> 7,10 8,12 10,4 11,3
12,2/7 13,2 14,13 15,1 16,7 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,4 22,5 23,14 24,1 25,3 26,7
28,3 29,1 30,6 31,4 32,1 33,6 34,2 35,2 36,7 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,3<ventrally
densely punctate> 41,1 42,1 44,2 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,3
56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,3 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,2
74,1.57 75,0.79 76,0.92 77,0.52 78,0.52 79,0.52 80,1.00 81,1.79 82,0.88 83,0.35
84,2.00 85,2.36 86,1.25 87,2.71 90<Tasmania; known only from two specimens
collected together>

# \i{}Sierola stilboparia\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 179, 186> 3<Distinguished from most other species by having the head both
broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to \i{}S.
elasson\i0{} sp. nov., united in having the frons coriaceous, head not quite as
wide as long, moderately broad hind femur, and gena with a distinctive smooth
polished area between the eye and a band of coarsely tesselate ventral
sculpture. Differing in having the vertex crest slightly but distinctly
emarginate between the ocelli, head ventrally evenly convex, and lacking a
median carina or anterior raised triangular area on the propodeum> 4<From the
Greek \i{}stilbo\i0{}, shine, + \i{}pareion\i0{}, cheek, referring to the highly
polished gena. It is a noun in apposition> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Macedon State Forest;
37.4035\u176? S, 144.5725\u176? E; 14 Dec 2019; K. Magnacca leg.; sweeping
\i{}Acacia\i0{}; ANIC 32-154883> 7,10 8,11 10,4 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,4
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,2 23,8 24,2 25,3 26,9 27,3 28,1 29,2 30,5 31,2 32,1
33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,3 40,5 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 52,7
53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,4 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,1<tibiae
tinged with brown> 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,2.08 75,1.08 76,0.92 77,0.60
78,0.43 79,0.48 80,0.89 81,1.98 82,0.93 83,0.39 84,2.07 85,2.36 86,1.43 87,2.57
90<Victoria; known only from the holotype> 92<See comments under \i{}S.
elasson\i0{} sp. nov>

# \i{}Sierola stipulata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 179, 187> 3<A member of the \i{}megacephala\i0{} group, with the head
large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a
low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to
\i{}S. leeuwinensis\i0{} Turner and \i{}S. stipulata\i0{} sp. nov. with the
femora dark, head posterior of the eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the
vertex by 2\endash{}3 ocellus lengths. Separated from all other similar species
by the short, dense ventral setae of the head. The sympatric \i{}S.
disjuncta\i0{} sp. nov. is similar but lacks the ventral head setae and has the
ocelli close to the vertex> 4<From the Latin \i{}stipula\i0{}, stubble,
referring to the short, dense ventral setae of the head>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; 9km WSW Derwent Bridge; 42\u176?10' S, 146\u176?08' E; 21 Jan. 1983;
I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154884> 7,10 8,12 10,6
11,4-5 12,17 13,2 14,5 15,2 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3
26,2 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,4 35,1 36,6 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,6
44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,3 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1
63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,2 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,2 74,2.37 75,1.13 76,0.79
77,0.49 78,1.34 79,0.95 80,1.41 81,1.60 82,2.06 83,0.40 84,2.43 85,2.48 86,0.93
87,2.43 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola strigula\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 179, 188> 3<Forming a distinctive species pair with \i{}S.
ancognatha\i0{} sp. nov., sharing the strongly convex dorsum of the head,
strongly elbowed mandible with a large ventral tooth, strongly acute clypeus in
profile, and nearly glabrous basal wing cells. Separated by the nearly
parallel-sided mandible which is only slightly twisted, head slightly angulate
ventrally rather than evenly convex, and unusual frons microsculpture,
scutellate with large cells anteriorly and minutely scutellate posteriorly,
obscuring the punctation> 4<From the Latin \i{}strigula\i0{}, small ridge,
referring to the low carina of the clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 1km SSE Gladstone; 40\u176?58' S,
148\u176?01' E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
32-154885> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Wombat Ck., 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus;
35\u176?19' S, 148\u176?51' E; elev. 750 m; May 1984; Weir, Lawrence, Johnson
leg.; flight intercept window/trough trap; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 1 km E by N Herrick; 41\u176?06' S, 147\u176?53' E; 29&30
Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC> 7,10 8,10/12 10,3
11,3 12,19 13,11 14,13 15,2 16,4 17,3 18,2 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,4 23,10 24,1 25,12
26,1 28,1 29,2 30,3 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,6 39,1 40,2 41,2 42,3
44,2 46,3 47,1 48,9 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,4 54,3 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1
63,1 65,4 66,1 67,7 68,1 69,3 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.49 75,0.83<0.82-0.86>
76,0.82<0.81-0.83> 77,0.57<0.55-0.57> 78,0.51<0.48-0.51> 79,0.57<0.54-0.60>
80,0.89<0.83-0.89> 81,1.84<1.84-1.87> 82,1.32<1.32-1.49> 83,0.40
84,1.88<1.88-1.96> 85,2.53<2.43-2.58> 86,1.30<1.30-1.40> 87,2.73 88<N = 3>
90<Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory; probably also found in New South
Wales and Victoria. Known from three specimens> 92<The ACT specimen has OOL/WOT
distinctly greater than the two from Tasmania, but is otherwise identical>

# \i{}Sierola subcontracta\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 189, 190> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with
\i{}S. confecta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. contracta\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S.
parallela\i0{} sp. nov., \i{}S. paracontracta\i0{} sp. nov., and \i{}S.
pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov. in having the scrobal carinae converging but not
fused, clypeus dorsally with a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of
the anterior wing margin. Separated from the others by lacking any trace of a
carina on the anterior frons which is slightly concave in lateral view, mandible
yellowish apically, and fore wing with a transverse band of infuscation between
the parastigma and apex of Rs> 4<Referring to the similarity of this species to
\i{}S. contracta\i0{} n. sp> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Hwy 1 Sarina-St Lawrence; 31 Aug. 1986;
E.A. Sugden leg.; [car net?]; UCDC> 7,10 8,8 10,12 11,5 12,23 13,3 14,12 15,4
16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,3 22,3 23,13 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,5-6 31,2
32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,2 40,4 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,2
51,1 52,5 53,3 54,3 55,7 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,8 60,5 63,1 65,1 66,9 67,7 68,7 69,5
70,2 71,7 72,1 73,3 74,1.85 75,1.03 76,0.90 77,0.52 78,0.30 79,0.37 80,0.80
81,1.90 82,0.81 83,0.39 84,1.66 85,2.21 86,1.23 87,3.17 90<Queensland; known
only from the holotype, collected on the central coast> 92<The infuscate band of
the wing is so far unique in the genus; all other species have the wing evenly
colored. In the related \i{}S. pericontracta\i0{} sp. nov. the wing is weakly
infuscated and slightly darker in this region, but the contrast is not nearly as
clear>

# \i{}Sierola tenuifemur\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 183, 191> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and
weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible pale and distinctly
concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest.
Distinguished from similar species by the extremely narrow fore femur, the most
extreme seen in the genus so far. The antenna is also elongate, A3 L/W
\u8805?1.5> 4<From the Latin \i{}tenuis\i0{}, thin, + \i{}femur\i0{}, thigh,
referring to the extremely narrow fore femus, the proportionally narrowest known
in the genus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane; Oct. 1976; E.C. Dahms leg.; Malaise
trap; QM T262175> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,3 12,17 13,4 14,5 15,1 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,1
20,2 21,1 22,3 23,4 24,2 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,4 59,2 60,1<possibly with erect setae that are broken off on the unique
holotype> 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,4-5 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,2 71,1/5 72,2 73,1 74,1.58
75,0.80 76,0.85 77,0.51 78,0.76 79,0.62 80,1.23 81,1.58 82,1.54 83,0.35 84,2.87
85,2.50 86,1.65 87,2.73 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected
in Brisbane>

# \i{}Sierola ternaria\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 190, 192> 3<Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing
cells setose, distinguished by the elongate vertex and gena setae, posterior
corners of the head strongly rounded, and semicircular to semi-elliptical
clypeus which is weakly carinate dorsally. Closest to \i{}S. stilboparia\i0{}
sp. nov., separated by the elongate vertex setae, slightly broader head, and
propodeum with an anterior triangular polished area> 4<From the Latin
\i{}ternarius\i0{}, three, referring to the three collectors listed for the
holotype> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Kirrama Ra., Douglas Ck. Rd., elev. 800 m; 15 Dec.
1986\endash{}11 Jan. 1987; Monteith, Thompson & Hamlet leg.; intercept trap;
ANIC 32-154886> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Cairns dist.; A.M. Lea leg.; SAMA
32-42930> 7,10 8,8 10,4-5 11,4 12,3/7 13,2 14,9 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1
21,3 22,2 23,8 24,3 25,3 26,1 27,3 28,2 29,1 30,4-5 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,2
36,1 37,3 38,1 39,3 40,8 41,3 42,3 44,1 46,1 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,4 54,7
55,3 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,9 63,1 65,1 66,1 67,8 68,2 69,3 70,1 71,6 72,1
73,3 74,2.09 75,1.07 76,0.88 77,0.57 78,0.48 79,0.48 80,1.00 81,1.75 82,1.03
83,0.40 84,1.94 85,2.78 86,1.43 87,3.08 90<Queensland; known only from the
holotype and one paratype, both collected in northern rainforest>

# \i{}Sierola terpsilithus\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 193, 195> 3<A somewhat nondescript species, identifiable by the
combination of the head dorsally convex and compressed in lateral view (DH/LH
~0.48), frons not particularly broad, clypeus rounded and recurved apically, and
basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to \i{}S. badiorostris\i0{} sp. nov.,
differing in the setose basal wing cells, smooth frons microsculpture, long
ventral setae on the metasomal sternites, and brown tinge of the mandible. Also
similar to \i{}S. helena\i0{} sp. nov., separated by the narrower, more
parallel-sided head (WH/LH 0.79, OOL/WOT 1.39)> 4<From the Greek
\i{}terpsis\i0{}, glad, + \i{}lithos\i0{}, stone, a literal translation of the
type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; 1km SSE Gladstone; 40\u176?58' S, 148\u176?01' E; 29 Jan.
1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154887> 7,10 8,12
10,4-5 11,4 12,3/17 13,3 14,11 15,4 16,4 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,8 24,2
25,4 26,1 28,2 29,2 30,3-4 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,3 40,9
41,3 42,1 43,1 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,1
59,2 60,12 61,1 63,1 65,4 66,1-3 67,8 68,11 69,1 70,1 71,2 72,1 73,1 74,1.49
75,0.82 76,0.79 77,0.48 78,0.66 79,0.68 80,0.97 81,1.79 82,1.39 83,0.34 84,2.14
85,2.20 86,1.09 87,2.90 90<Tasmania; known only from the holotype>

# \i{}Sierola terrestris\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 194, 195> 3<A distinctive species, recognizable by the compact, boxy
head, which is deep and about as wide as long (WH/LH 0.99\endash{}1.03, DH/LH
0.58\endash{}0.61), strongly convex dorsally in lateral view, and short and
narrowed posterior of the eyes, thus appearing round in dorsal view. The basal
wing cells are nearly glabrous> 4<Named for the collection of the Victoria
specimen in a pitfall trap> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Australian Capital Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra, CSIRO
property; 35.275\u176? S, 149.1109\u176? E; elev. 588 m; 24\endash{}31 Oct.
2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise Trap; ANIC 32-154888; BOLD: sample ID
BIOUG53039-B10, process ID MCCAA4748-20, BIN ABX1558>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as holotype;
18\endash{}24 Oct. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA2662-12, BIN ABX1558; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same collection data as preceding ; 31 Oct.\endash{}7 Nov.
2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA482-12, BIN ABW6837 [pseudogene]; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; same collection data as preceding; 14\endash{}21 Nov. 2011; BOLD:
process ID MCCAA1452-12, BIN ABX1558; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Tidal River, above Botany Lab, Wilson's Promontory Bioscan;
39\u176? 03' 55 S, 146\u176? 19' 23 E; 19\endash{}27 Oct. 2011; S. Hinkley, C.
McPhee, P. Honan, M. Mackenzie, M. Patinathan leg.; Pitfall trap, WPB 194; MVMA
HYM-86616> 7,10 8,10/11 10,3-4 11,3 12,3 13,5 14,9 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2
21,2 22,3 23,1/10 24,1 25,3-2 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,6 31,2 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1
37,2 38,7 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,3 44,2 45,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,5 53,3 54,5
55,7 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,2 60,10 61,1 63,1 65,10 66,1 67,8 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,3
72,1 73,1 74,1.57 75,0.86<0.86-0.95> 76,0.99<0.99-1.03> 77,0.61<0.58-0.62>
78,0.36<0.29-0.36> 79,0.41<0.30-0.41> 80,0.89<0.89-0.98> 81,1.87<1.81-1.90>
82,0.77<0.75-0.83> 83,0.41 84,1.90<1.90-1.97> 85,2.20<2.20-2.45>
86,1.52<1.33-1.52> 87,2.40 88<N = 5> 90<Victoria and Australian Capital
Territory; all except the Victoria specimen collected sequentially in the same
Malaise trap> 92<One of the sequenced specimens from BOLD (sampleid
BIOUG02164-C01, processid MCCAA482-12) is widely divergent from not only the
other \i{}S. terrestris\i0{} sp. nov. sequences but other \i{}Sierola\i0{} in
several conserved regions. The amplified sequence is probably a pseudogene
(numt)>

# \i{}Sierola thorpei\i0{} <Magnacca, 2019>/
1<Figs 195, 196> 2<\i{}Sierola thorpei\i0{} Magnacca, 2019:18, Fig. 3> 3<The
extremely short head behind the eyes, head about as wide or wider than long,
infuscate wings, and generally smooth microsculpture immediately separate this
species from all others in the genus> 4<Named for the discoverer, Stephen
Thorpe> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}NEW ZEALAND \endash{} \b{}Auckland\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Auckland, suburb of Glen Innes, Point England, St.
John\rquote{}s; 15 Nov 2014; S. Thorpe leg.; on \i{}Lophostemon confertus\i0{};
NZAC> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?, paratype; Canberra; 35.3314\u176? S,
149.0582\u176? E; 22 Sep. 2016; A. Wells leg.; in garden; ANIC. \par{}NEW
ZEALAND \endash{} \b{}Auckland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?, paratype; Auckland, St.
John\rquote{}s, University of Auckland Tamaki campus; 26 Apr. 2016; S. Thorpe
leg.; beating \i{}Arthropodium cirratum\i0{}; BPBM.\par{}\b{}Other material
examined\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}New South Wales\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; Nadgee Reserve, Merrica Hut; 16 Jan. 1987; E.A. Sugden leg.; Malaise
trap; UCDC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Illawarra; H. Petersen leg.; NMNH. \endash{}
\b{}Victoria\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Warrandyte; 31 Dec. 1993; L.J. Cookson
leg.; MVMA HYM-86594 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Victoria; MVMA HYM-86584\par{}> 7,9/10
8,9/10/11 10,5 11,2 12,3 13,2 14,12 15,4 16,4 17,1 18,2 19,2 20,1 21,3 22,2 23,2
24,2 25,3/4 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,2 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 40,5 41,3
42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,5 53,3 54,10 55,4 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,7 60,17 61,1 63,1
65,10 66,1-3 67,7 68,2 69,3 70,1 71,1/5 72,2 73,2 74,2.68 75,1.52<1.17-1.55>
76,1.03<0.98-1.03> 77,0.61<0.60-0.63> 78,0.33<0.30-0.36> 79,0.35<0.32-0.38>
80,0.94<0.93-0.97> 81,1.90<1.82-1.90> 82,1.07<1.03-1.11> 83,0.41
84,1.86<1.83-1.90> 85,1.90<1.77-1.91> 86,1.38<1.13-1.38> 87,2.27 88<N = 6>
90<New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and Victoria; collected
sparsely but widely across the southeast forest zone. Also found in New Zealand,
where it is presumably introduced> 92<The description here is largely repeated
from Magnacca (2019), with slight modifications to take into account the range
of variation and additional characters used in this work. The widespread, older
collections in native vegetation appears to confirm the previous suspicion that
it is a native Australian species that was introduced to New Zealand (Magnacca,
2019). It is unusual in the genus in having the mid femur distinctly expanded
dorsoventrally and flattened like the fore and hind femora, rather than
cylindrical>

# \i{}Sierola torovertex\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 183, 197> 3<Part of the \i{}kalarku\i0{} species group, with the mandible
strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex
slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, and clypeus without any trace of
a carina. Immediately distinguishable from all other species by the shape of the
vertex crest, which has a bulge around the ocelli making the margin sinuate in
dorsal view> 4<From the Latin \i{}torus\i0{}, protuberance or bulge, +
\i{}vertex\i0{}, referring to the peculiar swelling behind the ocelli>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Canberra, CSIRO, behind CSIRO; 35.275\u176? S,
149.1109\u176? E; elev. 590 m; 10 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V.
Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones, J. Webb leg.; ANIC 32-154889; BOLD:
sample ID BIOUG53911-A03, process ID MCCAA8549-20, BIN ABX1996>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Australian Capital
Territory\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9794?; Canberra, CSIRO property; 35.275\u176? S,
149.1109\u176? E; elev. 588 m; 24\endash{}31 Oct. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise
trap; BOLD: process ID MCCAA4715-20, BIN ABX1996; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same
collection data as previous; 14\endash{}21 Nov. 2011; BOLD: process ID
MCCAA1598-12, BIN ABX1996; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1
\u9794?; Braemar State Forest via Kogan; 15\endash{}19 Oct. 1979; G. Monteith
leg.; Pyrethrum on \i{}Petalostigma\i0{}; QM \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Braemar State
Forest via Kogan; 27\u176?13' S, 150\u176?50' E; 18 Oct. 1979; G. Monteith leg.;
QM Berlesate No. 218, open forest, sieved litter; QM> 7,10 8,8/10 10,4 11,4 12,5
13,4 14,12 15,3 16,4 17,2 18,2 19,2 20,6 21,1 22,3 23,9 24,1 25,3 26,8 28,2 29,2
30,4-5 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,3 35,2 36,1 37,7 38,7 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,1 43,1 44,3
45,2 46,3 47,2 48,3 50,2 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,8 55,1 56,2 57,2 58,2 59,13 60,10
61,3 63,19 64,9 65,18 66,14 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,3 72,1 73,3 74,1.40
75,0.84<0.84-0.98> 76,0.90<0.90-0.93> 77,0.50<0.49-0.51> 78,0.49<0.47-0.49>
79,0.45 80,1.07<1.04-1.07> 81,1.70<1.70-1.78> 82,1.55<1.46-1.55> 83,0.33
84,2.13<2.08-2.13> 85,1.97<1.97-2.13> 86,1.00<1.00-1.11> 87,3.25 88<N = 3>
89<Similar to female with the following exceptions. \i{}Head\i0{}. Clypeus in
profile evenly curved. Vertex and gena setae longer than those of frons, but not
strong or conspicuous. \i{}Mesosoma\i0{}. Not strongly compressed.
\i{}Metasoma\i0{}. Sterna lacking long erect setae. \i{}Color\i0{}. Front femur
yellow apically; mid and hind tibiae brown medially.\par{}\i{}Measurements\i0{}.
LFW 1.40\endash{}1.52 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 1.03\endash{}1.06; DH/LH
0.53\endash{}0.56; EV/HE 0.43\endash{}0.48; EV/WF 0.38\endash{}0.43; WF/HE
1.11\endash{}1.13; WH/WF 1.78\endash{}1.83; OOL/WOT 1.33\endash{}1.38; DM/LM
0.40; FL/FW 2.35\endash{}2.39; HFL/HFW 2.32\endash{}2.63; A3 L/W 1.30; 2R1 L/W
2.50\endash{}2.73> 90<Queensland and Australian Capital Territory; presumably
also found in New South Wales>

# \i{}Sierola torulus\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 183, 198> 3<Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and
weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible pale and distinctly
concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest.
Distinguished from similar species by the yellow mandible and prominent clypeus,
broad in dorsal view and elongate in profile, the apex strongly acute> 4<From
the Latin \i{}torulus\i0{}, small bulge or protuberance, referring to the
projection of Queensland where the type locality is, as well as the clypeus>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Applethorpe; 19 Oct.\endash{}13 Dec. 1982; B.F. Ingram leg.; Malaise
trap; QM T262176> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Upper Clayton Gully, nr.
Cunningham\rquote{}s Gap; elev. 400\endash{}600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann
leg.; sweeping long grass, wet sclerophyll forest; QM> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,4 12,17
13,4 14,5 15,4 16,3 17,3 18,1 19,2 20,2 21,1 22,2 23,2 24,2 25,2 26,2 28,1 29,2
30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,2 47,1
48,2 50,1 51,1 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,3 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,5
67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,1.73 75,0.83 76,0.85 77,0.53 78,0.86
79,0.67 80,1.28 81,1.61 82,1.74 83,0.39 84,2.47 85,2.44 86,1.30 87,2.88
90<Queensland; known from two specimens, collected close together in the
southeast>

# \i{}Sierola trachycephala\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 199, 204> 3<A member of the \i{}compressa\i0{} group, characterized by
the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely
setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to
obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to \i{}S.
setosipennis\i0{} sp. nov. in having the mandible weakly convex outwardly and
basal wing cells densely setose; separated by having the clypeus ventrally
recurved in profile and coxae and femora brown> 4<From the Greek
\i{}trachys\i0{}, rough, + \i{}kephalon\i0{}, head, referring to the coarse
sculpture> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 10km W by S Ravensthorpe; 33\u176?36' S,
119\u176?55' E; 22 Sep. 1981; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
32-154890> 6<\b{}Paratype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Brookfield Conservation Park; 34\u176?21' S, 139\u176?26'
E; 30 Mar.\endash{}3 Apr. 1992; A. Calder, W. Dressler leg.; campsite, pyrethrin
knockdown, mallee; ANIC> 7,10 8,13/14 10,5 11,4 12,2/3 13,3 14,11 15,1 16,3 17,1
18,1 19,1 20,1 21,1 22,3 23,3 24,2 25,1 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,5 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,3
35,1 36,1 37,5 38,3 39,1 40,15 41,1 42,5 43,1 44,2 45,4 46,2 47,2 48,1 50,2 51,1
52,1 53,2 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,4 66,1 67,8 68,5 69,2
70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1 74,1.74 75,0.92 76,0.89 77,0.44 78,0.83 79,0.67 80,1.25
81,1.62 82,1.50 83,0.30 84,1.92 85,2.00 86,1.00 87,2.28 90<Western and Southern
Australia; known from two widely separated collections, both in semi-arid
habitat>

# \i{}Sierola tractuosa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 153, 200> 3<Part of the \i{}ficicola\i0{} species group with the head
flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna
short. Separated from similar species by having the mandible slightly twisted,
lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by more than an ocellus length,
transverse propodeal carina present and distinct, and frons distinctly narrow,
WH/HE \u8804?1.0> 4<From the Latin \i{}tractuosus\i0{}, gluey, referring to the
holotype specimen originally having been embedded in glue and still having
excess glue on remounting> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Perth; MVMA HYM-86582> 7,10 8,14
10,6 11,5 12,17 13,5 14,4 15,2 16,2 17,3 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,4 23,8 24,1 25,3
26,1 28,1 29,4 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,3 34,4 35,1 36,2 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,5
44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 53,3 54,2 55,4 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,1 63,1 66,1 67,8
68,11 69,1 70,1 72,2 73,1 74,1.77 75,0.85 76,0.78 77,0.51 78,1.08 79,1.18
80,0.92 81,2.09 82,1.96 83,0.41 84,2.29 85,2.63 86,1.00 87,2.33 90<Western
Australia; known only from the holotype, collected at Perth> 92<The specimen is
heavily glued and the basal wing cells are unclear; they lack setae but appear
to have sockets>

# \i{}Sierola trinalis\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 195, 201> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head
moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line
through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible
reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
nesomeson\i0{} sp. nov. and \i{}S. paraglutinata\i0{} sp. nov., united by having
the head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide,
OOL/WOT less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as
the mandible base. Differing from both by having a distinct transverse propodeal
carina, shorter OOL/WOT (less than 1.00), and hind femur relatively broad
(HFL/HFW \u8804?2.50)> 4<From the Latin \i{}trinalis\i0{}, three or triple,
referring to this being the third member of its closely-related complex to be
described> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Victoria\b0{}
\bullet{} \u9792?; Kiata; Oct. 1928; F.E. Wilson leg.; MVMA HYM-86583> 7,10 8,11
10,4 11,3 12,3 13,2 14,14 15,4 16,2 17,2 18,1 19,1 20,3 21,3 22,4 23,1 24,1 25,3
26,1 27,3 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,4 32,1 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,3 39,1 40,3 41,2
42,1 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,2 53,3 54,2 55,4 56,1 57,2 58,1 59,1 60,1
61,9 63,1 65,10 66,3 67,13 69,1 70,1 71,1/6 72,1 73,1 74,1.43 75,0.75 76,0.89
77,0.56 78,0.43 79,0.52 80,0.83 81,2.00 82,0.90 83,0.40 84,2.00 85,2.28 86,1.52
87,2.64 90<Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected in the dry western
region> 92<This species may be separated from the very similar \i{}S.
paraglutinata\i0{} sp. nov. by ecology, as they were collected in different
habitats (mountain rainforest versus dry plains)>

# \i{}Sierola tropica\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 190, 202> 3<The combination of yellow mandible and legs, clypeus short
and semi-elliptical, head compressed and flat or weakly convex dorsally, and
frons narrow (WH/HE ~1.1) will separate this species from all others. The
mandible is also narrow and lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest,
which is unusual in similar species> 4<From the Greek \i{}tropikos\i0{}, turn,
referring to the type locality> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; turnoff to Captain Billy Landing;
11\u176?41' S, 142\u176?42' E; 19 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann & P. Zborowski leg.;
ANIC 32-154891> 7,10 8,8 10,5 11,2 12,17 13,2 14,14 15,1 16,3 17,2 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,1 25,3 26,1 28,2 29,1 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,4 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,3 39,1 40,5 41,2 42,1 44,1 46,3 47,1 48,5 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,1 54,2 55,1
56,1 57,3 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,13 66,5 67,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1
74,1.27 75,0.64 76,0.83 77,0.48 78,0.86 79,0.76 80,1.12 81,1.72 82,1.73 83,0.34
84,2.25 85,2.43 86,1.00 87,2.94 90<Queensland; known only from the holotype,
collected on the Cape York peninsula>

# \i{}Sierola truncata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 203, 204> 3<United with \i{}S. gudang\i0{} sp. nov. by the unusual
clypeus, which is high and weakly carinate dorsally, abruptly truncate apically,
with a distinct vertical surface visible in lateral view. Separated by having
the mandible constricted near the base, gradually and evenly expanded toward the
apex; basal cells of the fore wing nearly glabrous; and head long behind the
eyes, EV/HE 0.80\endash{}1.05; and frons broad, WF/HE ~1.2> 4<Referring to the
abruptly truncate clypeus> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Brachina Creek; 31\u176?20' S,
138\u176?33' E; 9 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ANIC 32-154892>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Northern Territory\b0{}
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 39 km E of Alice Springs; 23\u176?42' S, 134\u176?15' E; 5
Oct. 1978; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}South
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Eba; 17 May 1953; G.F. Gross leg.; E.S.I.
972; SAMA 32-42929 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 17 km E Morgan; 34\u176?02' S, 139\u176?52' E; 12 Nov. 1987; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC. \endash{} \b{}Western
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 21km E by N Yellowdine; 31\u176?17' S,
119\u176?53' E; 10 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC
\bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 40km n. Geraldton; 28\u176?28' S, 114\u176?38' E; 3 Jan.
1995; R.B. & L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC 10302 \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 120km N Northampton; 27\u176?25' S, 114\u176?40' E; 9 Jan. 1995; R.B. &
L.S. Kimsey leg.; UCDC 10904 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; 110km NW Williams; 32\u176?19'
S, 119\u176?13' E; 15 Jan. 1995; L.S. & R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC 11503 \bullet{} 1
\u9792?; 2km n. Narrogin; 32\u176?56' S, 117\u176?11' E; 16 Jan. 1995; L.S. &
R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{}; UCDC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Dumbleyung
Lake NR; 33\u176?19' S, 117\u176?38' E; 12 Nov. 2002; J. Pinto leg.; UCRC
110039> 7,10 8,13/14/15 10,6/12 11,5 12,14 13,13 14,20 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1
20,1 21,1 22,4 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,1 28,1 29,3 30,2 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1
37,5 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,6 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,6
56,2 57,2 58,1 59,2 60,1 61,3 63,1 65,2 66,13 67,8 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2
74,1.51 75,0.75<0.64-0.78> 76,0.80<0.79-0.83> 77,0.50<0.49-0.52>
78,0.94<0.91-1.00> 79,0.77<0.75-0.88> 80,1.22<1.10-1.26> 81,1.72<1.66-1.79>
82,1.93<1.69-2.00> 83,0.41 84,2.09<1.94-2.16> 85,2.17<2.01-2.27>
86,0.80<0.80-0.92> 87,1.89 88<N = 11> 90<Widespread in Western Australia and
South Australia, with one record from Northern Territory near Alice Springs>
92<Although still represented by less than a dozen specimens, this appears to be
one of the only truly widespread species of Australian \i{}Sierola\i0{}. It is
found in dry and semi-desert areas throughout the western 2/3 of the continent>

# \i{}Sierola uniloba\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 204, 205> 3<Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus
moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Close
to \i{}S. macrorhina\i0{} sp. nov., sharing a low but distinct medial carina on
the clypeus. Separated by having the clypeus truncate apically rather than
broadly rounded, mandible reddish brown and strongly twisted, propodeum without
polished areas, and head somewhat narrower> 4<Referring to the undivided clypeus
and the obvious similarity to \i{}S. biloba\i0{}>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Oraparinna Cr., Dingly Dell Camp, near water; 31\u176?21' S,
138\u176?42' E; 4\endash{}10 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise
trap/ethanol; ANIC 32-154893> 7,10 8,13 10,8 11,5 12,11 13,4 14,4 15,2 16,4 17,3
18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,4 26,1 28,1 29,2 30,2 31,1 32,3 33,1 34,1
35,1 36,1 37,3 38,1 39,1 40,3 41,2 42,1 44,2 46,3 47,1 48,2 50,2 51,1 52,2 53,4
54,2 55,1 56,1 57,3 58,1 59,2 60,5 61,3 63,1 65,1 66,3 67,8 68,1 69,2 70,1 71,2
72,1 73,1 74,1.57 75,0.88 76,0.70 77,0.45 78,0.75 79,0.79 80,0.94 81,1.88
82,1.61 83,0.35 84,2.27 85,2.24 86,1.40 87,2.64 90<South Australia; known only
from the holotype> 92<Similar and clearly closely related to \i{}S. biloba\i0{}
sp. nov., separated by the quadrate, undivided clypeus, transverse carina of
propodeum absent, and polished metasoma. The mandibles are also not so
distinctly bent near the base, instead being broadly angled at about half their
length>

# \i{}Sierola ustulata\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 195, 206> 3<Part of a distinct complex of species with the head
moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line
through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible
reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to \i{}S.
glutinata\i0{} sp. nov. in lacking a distinct malar space and having the head
strongly convex ventrally; distinguished by the broad frons, slightly deeper
head, and ventral margin of the mandible strongly concave> 4<From the Latin
\i{}ustulatus\i0{}, singed, referring to the brownish mandibles>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{}
\u9792?; Intake Bridge; 41\u176?19' S, 147\u176?56' E; 13 Jan. 1983; I.D.
Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154894>
6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 5
\u9792?\u9792?; same data as holotype; ANIC \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Elephant Pass;
41\u176?38' S, 148\u176?13' E; 28 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC \bullet{} 7 \u9792?\u9792?; King Is., Pegarah NR; 39.9441\u176? S,
143.9905\u176? E; 18 Dec 2023\endash{}13 Jan 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap
series 3; TMAG F180567\endash{}F180573> 7,10 8,12 10,3 11,1 12,3 13,2 14,11 15,4
16,7 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,2 21,2 22,3 23,2 24,1 25,3-2 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,3 31,1
32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,2 38,3 39,1 40,4 41,2 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,1 48,5 50,1
51,2 52,6 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,2 60,1 61,9 63,1 65,10 66,3 67,8
68,13 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.86 75,0.95<0.80-1.08> 76,0.86<0.85-0.89>
77,0.62<0.60-0.62> 78,0.68<0.63-0.68> 79,0.62<0.59-0.63> 80,1.09<1.05-1.11>
81,1.71<1.68-1.75> 82,1.43<1.40-1.55> 83,0.43 84,1.90<1.89-2.04>
85,2.48<2.48-2.71> 86,1.43<1.33-1.57> 87,2.99 88<N = 7> 90<Tasmania; known from
two series and one additional specimen collected in the northeast>

# \i{}Sierola vibrissata\i0{} <Ward, 2013>/
1<Figs 195, 207> 2<\i{}Sierola vibrissata\i0{} Ward, 2013:117, Figs.
15\endash{}16> 3<Part of a complex of species with very long, thick, bristly
setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat
in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. Closest to
\i{}S. vibrissoides\i0{} sp. nov. in having the long setae black, scrobes
narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the clypeus, and vein Rs
meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having the frons somewhat
shining and finely reticulate with more open punctation, 2\endash{}3 pit widths
apart, and basal wing cells moderately densely setose>
5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}NEW ZEALAND \endash{} \u9792?; South Island, Bullivants
I[sland], M\u257?pua Estuary; Jun\endash{}Dec 1989; A.K. Walker leg.; Malaise
trap in coastal scrub; NZAC 04037461> 6<\b{}Other material
examined\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Tasmania\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?;
Geeveston, 141 Fourfoot Rd.; 6 Jan. 2018; M.M. Giannotta leg.; swept off
\i{}Acacia melanoxylon\i0{}, \i{}Eucalyptus nitens\i0{}, and \i{}E.
globulosus\i0{} residential forest with bracken understory; SAMA. \endash{}
\b{}South Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9\endash{}19
Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2, sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of
flowering shrubs & some \i{}Eucalyptus\i0{} & \i{}Acacia\i0{} plants near by,
tied to dead tree near thorn bush; SAMA> 7,9/10 8,12 10,4<narrow, lateral lobes
somewhat enlarged> 11,3 12,21 13,10 14,12 15,1 16,2 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2<1/3
as long as mandible base in Tas specimen> 22,3 23,1 24,4 25,2 26,1 28,3 29,1
30,3-4 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,2 40,4<weakly differentiated
from ventral sculpture> 41,1 42,3 44,1 46,2 47,2 48,2 53,5 54,1 55,1 56,2 57,2
58,2 59,9 60,4 61,1 62,1 63,1<metasoma slightly brownish> 65,16 66,1 67,8 68,3
69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.24 75,0.75<0.75-0.85> 76,0.86<0.86-0.89>
77,0.54<0.54-0.56> 78,0.29<0.29-0.33> 79,0.35<0.35-0.38> 80,0.81<0.81-0.85>
81,1.88<1.81-1.88> 82,0.89<0.89-1.06> 83,0.38 84,2.00<1.86-2.00> 85<2.36-2.44>
86,1.23<1.18-1.30> 88<N = 3> 90<Tasmania, South Australia, and New Zealand;
known from one specimen each, but probably more widely distributed in
southeastern Australia> 92<The description is based primarily on the holotype of
\i{}S. vibrissata\i0{} from New Zealand, but there are no significant
differences from the two Australian specimens and I am unable to separate them.
The only notable difference is that the specimen from Tasmania has a longer
malar space, but the one from South Australia does not. It seems unlikely that
the same species is so widely separated, especially considering the
closely-related taxa found elsewhere in Australia, but as shown by \i{}S.
thorpei\i0{} Magnacca it is possible. It may be an introduced species in New
Zealand>

# \i{}Sierola vibrissoides\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 204, 208> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. Closest to \i{}S. vibrissata\i0{} in having the long setae black,
scrobes narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the clypeus, and
vein Rs meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having the frons
appearing dull due to scutellate microsculpture and with close punctation, about
1 pit width apart, and basal wing cells very densely setose, about five rows of
setae in each> 4<Referring to the similarity of this species to \i{}S.
vibrissata\i0{}> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{} \b{}Western
Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Mt. Cooke; 23 Dec. 1990\endash{}13 Jan. 1991;
M. Harvey & J. Waldock leg.; MT; SAMA> 6<\b{}Paratypes\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Pilbara, Mt. Nameless;
22\u176? 43' 10 S, 117\u176? 44' 58 E; 31 May 2004; G. Carter & D. Britton leg.;
mixed scrub, sweep sample, PILB147/03SW; AM K248031 \bullet{} 1 \u9792?; Pilbara
region, Nanutarra-Wittenoom Rd., approx 13km NE of Railway Rd. x-in, nr.
fenceline; 22\u176? 26' 8.8 S, 117\u176? 49' 56.2 E; 22\endash{}27 Sep 2005; CVA
Volunteers leg.; LTM sites, Malaise trap, PILB041/09M; AM K248056> 7,10 8,14
10,4<narrow, lateral lobes somewhat enlarged> 11,3 12,21 13,3 14,12 15,1 16,2
17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,3 22,3 23,5 24,4 25,13 26,1 28,3 29,1 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,1
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,4 38,5 39,2 40,4<weakly differentiated from ventral sculpture>
41,1 42,3 44,1 46,3 47,2 48,2 50,1 52,5 53,4 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,2 58,2 59,9 60,4
61,1 63,1 65,16 66,1 67,8 68,1 69,3 70,1 71,7 72,1 73,1 74,1.57
75,0.87<0.78-0.87> 76,0.86<0.84-0.88> 77,0.52<0.52-0.53> 78,0.30<0.30-0.35>
79,0.38<0.38-0.39> 80,0.78<0.78-0.89> 81,1.92<1.72-1.92> 82,0.93<0.93-1.11>
83,0.36 84,1.85<1.78-1.85> 85,2.27<2.10-2.32> 86,1.25<1.11-1.25> 87,3.20 88<N =
3> 90<Western Australia; known only from three specimens> 92<The Pilbara
paratypes have the frons slightly broader and slightly coarser sculpture of the
frons and metasoma (the latter with microreticulation extending onto the dorsal
surface of tergites), but match the holotype in the close punctation and dense
wing setae>

# \i{}Sierola vulsa\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 183, 209> 3<Part of the \i{}vibrissata\i0{} group, with very long, thick,
bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate,
broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short
posteriorly. Close to \i{}S. vibrissata\i0{} and \i{}S. vibrissoides\i0{} sp.
nov. in having scrobes narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the
clypeus, and vein Rs meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having
the long setae brown rather than black, and metasomal tergites conspicuously
microreticulate> 4<From the Latin \i{}vulsus\i0{}, plucked or shorn, referring
to the loss of many of the long setae> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA
\endash{} \b{}Queensland\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane; Oct.
1976; E.C. Dahms leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262177> 7,10 8,8 10,3-4 11,2 12,21
13,13 14,10 15,1 16,3 17,1 18,1 19,1 20,1 21,2 22,2 23,4 24,6 25,3 26,1 28,2
29,1 30,5-6 31,2 32,1 33,1 34,2 35,1 36,1 37,3 38,5 39,3 40,15 41,1 42,3 44,1
46,2 47,1 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,1 53,3 54,2 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,8 60,13 61,3 63,1
65,4 66,1 67,9 68,12 69,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1.89 75,0.95 76,0.92 77,0.52
78,0.47 79,0.51 80,0.91 81,1.88 82,0.96 83,0.42 84,1.78 85,1.96 86,1.37 87,2.27
90<Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane> 92<A number
of the long setae of the head and metasoma on the unique holotype have clearly
fallen off. The specimen is poorly mounted for visibility of some of the head
characters, but has not been remounted in order to preserve the setae>

# \i{}Sierola xanthops\i0{} <Magnacca>/
1<Figs 204, 210> 3<A very striking species, appearing very different from nearly
all other \i{}Sierola\i0{}. The anteriorly emarginate eye and very elongate
mandible with only three distinct teeth (the basal one being reduced to a
denticle on the median margin) and expanded dorsally rather than ventrally
appear to be unique in the genus. However, in general appearance it is not very
different from \i{}S. dichroma\i0{} Perkins of Oahu> 4<From the Greek
\i{}xantho\i0{}, yellow, + \i{}-ops\i0{}, face, referring to the bright yellow
lower portion of the head> 5<\b{}Holotype\b0{}\par{}AUSTRALIA \endash{}
\b{}Western Australia\b0{} \bullet{} \u9792?; 23km ESE of Cocklebiddy;
32\u176?08' S, 126\u176?18' E; 12 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale leg.; ex
ethanol; ANIC 32-154895> 7,10 8,14 10,6 11,4 12,4 13,13 14,23 15,2 16,2 17,6
18,1 19,1 20,18 21,9 22,3 23,8 24,1 25,2 26,5 27,3 28,1 29,2 30,4 31,2 32,1 33,4
34,2 35,1 36,1 37,5 38,1 39,1 40,2 41,1 42,2 44,3 46,3 47,2 48,1 50,1 51,1 52,1
53,3 54,2 55,4 56,1 57,3 58,2 59,3 60,11 61,1 63,18 65,11 66,5 67,8 68,1 69,1
70,1 71,3 72,2 73,2 74,1.83 75,0.92 76,1.11 77,0.60 78,0.60 79,0.50 80,1.20
81,1.65 82,1.07 83,0.41 84,2.27 85,2.38 86,0.93 87,1.44 90<Western Australia;
known only from the unique holotype, collected in the Nullarbor Plain>