A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous amphipods (Crustacea: Typhlogammaridae) from the Western Caucasus

  • Dmitry A. Sidorov Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-let Vladivostoku Av. 159, Vladivostok 690022
  • Andrey A. Gontcharov A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., Vladivostok 690041
  • Svetlana N. Sharina Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Suhanova St., Vladivostok 690950
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.168
Keywords: Gammaroidea, mtDNA, phylogeny, Sarma Cave, subterranean species

Abstract

This study deals with the biodiversity and distribution of cavernicolous Amphipoda in caves of the Arabika massif (Western Caucasus). The Sarma, Trojka and Orlinoe Gnezdo caves were explored during speleological expeditions over the years 2011–12. Two new species of Amphipoda were found: a sub-surface dweller Zenkevitchia sandroruffoi sp. nov. is reported from the Sarma, Trojka and Orlinoe Gnezdo caves at depths from -30 m to -350 m; the second one, a deep dweller Adaugammarus pilosus gen. et sp. nov. is reported from the Sarma Cave at depths of -1270 to -1700 m. Adaugammarus gen. nov. shares similarities with Typhlogammarus Schäferna, 1907 and Zenkevitchia Birstein, 1940. The species Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 is also re-described herein based on new samples that suggest close affinity of this species with the family Gammaridae. The original taxonomic combination is resurrected for Zenkevitchia revazi Birstein & Ljovuschkin, 1970, comb. resurr. (from Anopogammarus Derzhavin, 1945). To accommodate morphologically different species in the genus Zenkevitchia, two new groups are proposed. These are the admirabilis-group (Z. admirabilis Birstein, 1940 and Z. yakovi Sidorov, 2015) and the sandroruffoi-group (Z. sandroruffoi sp. nov. and Z. revazi). An updated molecular (mt-cox1) phylogeny, an identification key to the genera and a distribution map for the typhlogammarid amphipod species of Transcaucasia are provided.

References

Absolon Ch. 1927. Les grandes amphipodes aveugles dans les grottes balkaniques. Comptes rendues du Congrès de Constantine, Association Française pour l’Avancement des Sciences, Paris 51: 290–295.

Barjadze S., Murvanidze M., Arabuli T., Mumladze L., Pkhakadze V., Djanashvili R. & Salakaia M. 2015. Annotated List of Invertebrates of the Georgian Karst Caves. Georgian Academic Book, Tbilisi.

Barnard J.L. & Barnard C.M. 1983. Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vols 1, 2. Mt. Vernon, Hayfield Associates, Virginia.

Barnard J.L. & Karaman G.S. 1980. Classification of gammarid Amphipoda. Crustaceana, Supplement 6: 5–16.

Birstein J.A. 1940. Biospeologica Sovietica 3. Ueber die Fauna der Höhlenamphipoden Abchasiens. Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series 49: 47–55.

Birstein J.A. 1941. The subterranean amphipods of Abkhazia with notes on the Niphargus–species of Transkaukasus. Archives du Musée Zoologique de l’Université de Moscou 6: 259–272. [in Russian, with English summary]

Birstein J.A. 1950. Peshchernaya fauna Zapadnogo Zakavkazya. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 29: 354–366. [in Russian]

Birstein J.A. & Ljovuschkin S.I. 1967. Some results and problems in studying of the subterranean fauna of the U.S.S.R. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 46: 1509–1535. [in Russian, with English summary]

Birstein J.A. & Ljovuschkin S.I. 1970. Biospeologica Sovietica 41. Genera of Amphipoda endemic for Transcaucasus. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 49: 1471–1487. [in Russian, with English summary]

Birstein J.A. & Lopaschov G.W. 1940. Biospeologica Sovietica 1. Erforschungen der Höhlenfauna der USSR in den Jahren 1935–1939. Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological series 49: 29–38.

Bonfield J.K., Smith K.F. & Staden R. 1995. A new DNA sequence assembly program. Nucleic Acids Research 24: 4992–4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.24.4992

Bousfield E.L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana, Supplement 4: 282–316.

Bousfield E.L. 1978. A revised classification and phylogeny of amphipod crustaceans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 4 16: 343–390.

Burmak I.N. (unpubl.) The Sarma Cave: Description of the Speleo System. Unpublished.

Coleman C.O. 1991. Comparative fore-gut morphology of Antarctic Amphipoda (Crustacea) adapted to different food sources. Hydrobiologia 223: 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047623

Derzhavin A.N. 1945. The subterranean Amphipoda of Transcaucasus. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR 8: 27–43. [in Russian, with English summary]

Dublyansky В.Н., Klimchuk A.B., Kiselev V.E., Vahrushev B.A., Kovalev Yu.N., Melnikov V.P., Ryzhkov A.F., Tintilozov Z.K., Chujkov V.D. & Churubrova M.L. 1987. Krupnye karstovye polosti SSSR. 3. Speleologicheskie provincii Bolshogo i Malogo Kavkaza. VINITI, Moscow. [in Russian]

Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408678

Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh R., Lutz R. & Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294–299.

Gorodkov K.B. 1961. The simplest microprojector for drawing insects. Entomological Review 40: 936–939. [in Russian, with English summary]

Hou Z., Sket B. & Li S. 2014. Phylogenetic analyses of Gammaridae crustacean reveal different diversification patterns among sister lineages in the Tethyan region. Cladistics 30: 352–365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12055

Jordana R., Baquero E., Reboleira S. & Sendra A. 2012. Reviews of the genera Schaefferia Absolon, 1900, Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901, Plutomurus Yosii, 1956 and the Anurida Laboulbène, 1865 species group without eyes, with the description of four new species of cave springtails (Collembola) from Krubera-Voronya cave, Arabika Massif, Abkhazia. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5: 35–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498312X622430

Karaman G.S. 1970. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Amphipoden 25. Kritische Bemerkungen über Echinogammarus acarinatus (S. Kar. 1931) und Echinogammarus stocki n. sp. Poljoprivreda i Šumarstvo 16: 45–66.

Karaman G.S. 1972. Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 38. On the genus Typhlogammarus (Schaferna) (fam. Gammaridae) from Yugoslavia. Fragmenta Balcanica, Musei Macedonici Scientarium Naturalium 9: 21–34.

Karaman G.S. 1973. Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 48. Two new species of Family Gammaridae from Yugoslavia, Niphargus deelemanae n. sp. and Typhlogammarus algor n. sp. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 72: 490–500.

Karaman G.S. 1974. Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 57. Genus Metohia Abs. in Yugoslavia and its relation to the genera Typhlogammarus Schaf. and Accubogammarus n. gen. Poljoprivreda i Šumarstvo 20: 43–57.

Karaman G.S. 1988. Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 167. The genus Accubogammarus G. Kar. in Yugoslavia with remarks to the genus Typhlogammarus Schaf. (Fam. Gammaridae). Poljoprivreda i Šumarstvo 34: 63–77.

Karaman G.S. & Barnard J.L. 1979. Classificatory revisions in gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea), part 1. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 92: 106–165.

Karaman G.S. & Ruffo S. 1995. Sinogammarus troglodytes n. gen. n. sp. A new troglobiont Gammarid from China (Crustacea Amphipoda). International Journal of Speleology 23: 157–171.

Keane T.M., Creevey C.J., Pentony M.M., Naughton T.J. & McInerney J.O. 2006. Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6: 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-29

Marin I. & Sokolova A. 2014. Redescription of the stygobitic shrimp Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) jusbaschjani Birštein, 1948 (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from Agura River, Sochi, Russia, with remarks on other representatives of the genus from Caucasus. Zootaxa 3754: 277–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3754.3.3

Ruffo S. 1995. Un nuovo gammaride cavernicolo dell’Albania (Albanogammarus inguscioi n. gen. n. sp.). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 19: 443–452.

Schäferna K. 1907. O novém slepém blešivci Typhlogammarus, n. sbg. Vĕstník Královské české Společnosti Náuk, Trída Mathemâticko-Prírodovedecká, Praha 26: 1–25.

Sendra A. & Reboleira A.S.P.S. 2012. The world’s deepest subterranean community – Krubera-Voronja Cave (Western Caucasus). International Journal of Speleology 41: 221–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.41.2.9

Sidorov D.A., Gontcharov A.A., Palatov D.M., Taylor S.J. & Semenchenko A.A. 2015. Shedding light on a cryptic cavernicole: A second species of Zenkevitchia Birstein (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Typhlogammaridae) discovered via molecular techniques. Subterranean Biology 15: 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4872

Sidorov D.A., Kharlamova L.T., Golubnichaya E.E., Rudko P.V. & Sukhachev V.V. 2014. Preliminary data on biodiversity and distribution of troglobionts from caves of the Eastern Arabika massif – Treugol’nik region (Western Caucasus), with special emphasis on the Sarma Cave. In: Gunko A.A., Dolotov Yu.A., Gaifutdinov A.M, Filippov A.G., Chervyatsova O.Ya., Kosarev M.N., Garshin D.I., Markov A.V., Parise M., Shaginyan S.M., Bahtadze N.A., Potapov S.S., Mavlyudov B.R., Zhitenev V.S., Trofimova E.V., Ridush B.T., Gunko O.G. (eds) Speleology and Spelestology. Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference to the Centenary of A.V. Ryumin’s Birth: 300–303. NISPTR, Naberezhnye Chelny.

Sket B. 2004. The cave hygropetric – a little known habitat and its inhabitants. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 160: 413–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2004/0160-0413

Stock J.H. 1973. The existence of interstitial members of the Gammarus-group (Amphipoda). Crustaceana 24: 339–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854073X00731

Stock J.H. 1974. The systematics of certain Ponto-Caspian Gammaridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 70: 75–95.

Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A. & Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

Vinarski M.V., Palatov D.M. & Glöer P. 2014. Revision of ‘Horatia’ snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae sensu lato) from South Caucasus with description of two new genera. Journal of Natural History 48: 2237–2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.917210

Watling L. 1989. A classification system for crustacean setae based on the homology concept. In: Falenhauer B. & Watling L. (eds) Functional Morphology of Feeding and Grooming in Crustacea. Crustacean Issues 6: 15–26.

Published
2015-12-24
How to Cite
Sidorov, D. A., Gontcharov, A. A., & Sharina, S. N. (2015). A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous amphipods (Crustacea: Typhlogammaridae) from the Western Caucasus. European Journal of Taxonomy, (168). https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.168
Issue
No. 168 (2015): A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous amphipods (Crustacea: Typhlogammaridae) from the Western Caucasus
Section
Zoology
Copyright (c) 2015 Dmitry A. Sidorov, Andrey A. Gontcharov, Svetlana N. Sharina

Creative Commons Copyright Notices

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.