New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from NE Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope: evidence for deep-sea endemism

  • Björn Berning Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, 4060 Leonding
  • Jean-Georges Harmelin Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, OSU Pytheas, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille
  • Beate Bader Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24118 Kiel
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.347

Abstract

Ten new species belonging to three new genera (Atlantisina gen. nov., Bathycyclopora gen. nov., Calvetopora gen. nov.) of umbonulomorph bryozoans from northeastern Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope are introduced. We furthermore erect the new family Atlantisinidae fam. nov. for these genera. Eight new species belong to the new genus Atlantisina: Atlantisina atlantis gen. et sp. nov. (type species), A. acantha gen. et sp. nov., A. gorringensis gen. et sp. nov., A. inarmata gen. et sp. nov., A. lionensis gen. et sp. nov., A. meteor gen. et sp. nov., A. seinensis gen. et sp. nov., and A. tricornis gen. et sp. nov. The genus Bathycyclopora gen. nov. is introduced for ?Phylactella vibraculata Calvet from the Azores, and also includes Bathycyclopora suroiti gen. et sp. nov. The type species of Calvetopora gen. nov. is Lepralia inflata Calvet from the Gulf of Cadiz; this genus also includes Calvetopora otapostasis gen. et sp. nov. and another species left in open nomenclature. Of the 13 species described herein, 11 occur on seamounts and islands, and nine species are endemic to a single seamount, island or station. The present results show that bryozoans provide striking examples of the function of seamounts as areas of endemism, most likely intrinsically linked to the low dispersal abilities of bryozoan larvae.

References

Ávila S.P., Ramalho R.S., Habermann J.M., Quartau R., Kroh A., Berning B., Johnson M.E., Kirby M.X., Zanon V., Titschack J., Goss A., Rebelo A.C., Melo C., Madeira P., Cordeiro R., Meireles R., Bagaço L., Hipólito A., Uchman A., da Silva C.M., Cachão M. & Madeira J. 2015. Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 430: 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.015

Bartsch I. 2008. Notes on ophiuroids from the Great Meteor Seamount (Northeastern Atlantic). Spixiana 31: 233–239.

Berning B. 2008. Evidence for sublethal predation and regeneration among living and fossil ascophoran bryozoans. In: Hageman S.J., Key M.M. & Winston J.E. (eds) Bryozoan Studies 2007. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15: 1–7.

Berning B. 2012. Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira. Zootaxa 3236: 36–54.

Berning B. 2013. New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic. European Journal of Taxonomy 44: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.44

Berning B. & Kuklinski P. 2008. North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152: 537–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00379.x

Bishop J.D.D. 1989. Colony form and the exploitation of spatial refuges by encrusting Bryozoa. Biological Reviews 64: 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1989.tb00675.x

Busk G. 1884. Report on the Polyzoa. Part I. The Cheilostomata. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76 10: 1–216.

Calvet L. 1906. Note préliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expéditions du Travailleur (1881–1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 12: 154–166.

Calvet L. 1907. Bryozoaires. In: Milne-Edwards A. & Perrier E. (eds) Expéditions scientifiques du “Travailleur” et du “Talisman” pendant les années 1880–1883, Vol. 8: 355–495. Masson et Cie, Paris.

Calvet L. 1931. Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert 1er de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince Albert 1er de Monaco 83: 1–152.

Christiansen B., Martin B. & Hirch S. 2009. The benthopelagic fish fauna on the summit of Seine Seamount, NE Atlantic: composition, population structure and diets. Deep-Sea Research II 56: 2705–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.032

Geldmacher J., Hoernle K., Klügel A., van den Bogaard P., Wombacher F. & Berning B. 2006. Origin and geochemical evolution of the Madeira-Tore Rise (eastern North Atlantic). Journal of Geophysical Research 111: B09206. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003931

George K.H. & Schminke H.K. 2002. Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) of the Great Meteor Seamount, with first conclusions as to the origin of the plateau fauna. Marine Biology 144: 887–895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0878-6

Gillet P. & Dauvin J.-C. 2003. Polychaetes from the Irving, Meteor and Plato seamounts, North Atlantic Ocean: origin and geographical relationships. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83: 49–53.

Gofas S. 2007. Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic seamounts. Journal of Natural History 41: 779–885. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701298085

Gordon D.P. 2014. Apprehending novel biodiversity – fifteen new genera of Zealandian Bryozoa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (8): 1597–1628. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414000599

Gordon D.P. & Taylor P.D. 2010. New seamount- and ridge-associated cyclostome Bryozoa from New Zealand. Zootaxa 2533: 43–68.

Harmelin J.-G. 1977. Bryozoaires du Banc de la Conception (nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I du “Jean Charcot”. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 3e sér. 492: 1057–1076.

Harmelin J.G. 1986. Patterns in the distribution of bryozoans in the Mediterranean marine caves. Stygologia 2: 10–25.

Harmelin J.-G. 2000. Ecology of cave and cavity dwelling bryozoans. In: Herrera Cubilla A. & Jackson J.B.C. (eds) Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference: 38–53. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City.

Harmelin J.-G. 2006. The Puellina flabellifera species complex: a remarkable example of worldwide species radiation in cribrimorph bryozoans. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 257: 73–91.

Harmelin J.-G. & Arístegui J. 1988. New Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the upper bathyal of the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Journal of Natural History 22: 507–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938800770351

Harmelin J.-G. & d’Hondt J.-L. 1992. Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne océanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1 – Chéilostomes. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 4e sér. 14: 23–67.

Hayward P.J. 1978. Bryozoa from the west European continental slope. Journal of Zoology 184: 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03276.x

Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 2. Hippothooidea – Celleporoidea. Synopses of the British Fauna 14: 1–416.

Heinz P., Ruepp D. & Hemleben C. 2004. Benthic foraminifera assemblages at Great Meteor Seamount. Marine Biology 144: 985–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1257-7

Hondt J.-L. d’ 1973. Bryozoaires et brachiopodes de la campagne Noratlante. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 3e sér. 179: 1209–1223.

Hondt J.-L. d’ 1974. Bryozoaires récoltés par la “Thalassa” dans le Golfe de Gascogne (Campagnes de 1968 à 1972). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 15: 27–50.

Hondt J.-L. d’ 1975. Bryozoaires cténostomes et cheilostomes (Cribrimorphes et Escharellidae exceptés) provenant des dragages de la campagne océanographique Biaçores du “Jean Charcot”. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 3e sér. 299: 553–600.

Hughes R.N. 1987. The functional ecology of clonal animals. Functional Ecology 1: 63–69.

Jullien J. & Calvet L. 1903. Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle (1886–1888). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco 23: 1–188.

López-Fé C.M. 2006. Some bathyal cheilostome Bryozoa (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the Canary Islands (Spain, Eastern Atlantic), with descriptions of three new species, a new genus, and a new family. Journal of Natural History 40: 1801–1812. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930601043763

McClain C.R. 2007. Seamounts: identity crisis or split personality? Journal of Biogeography 34: 2001–2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01783.x

McClain C.R., Lundsten L., Ream M., Barry J. & DeVogelaere A. 2009. Endemicity, biogeography, composition, and community structure on a Northeast Pacific seamount. PLoS ONE 4 (1): e4141. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004141

McKinney F.K. & Jackson J.B.C. 1989. Bryozoan Evolution. Unwin Hyman, Boston.

Okamura B., Harmelin J.-G. & Jackson J.B.C. 2001. Refuges revisited. Enemies versus flow and feeding as determinants of sessile animal distribution and form. In: Jackson J.B.C., Lidgard S. & McKinney F.K. (eds) Evolutionary Patterns. Growth, Form, and Tempo in the Fossil Record: 61–93. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Ostrovsky A.N. 2013. Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates. Example of Gymnolaemate Bryozoans. Springer, Dordrecht.

Packmor J., Müller F. & George K.H. 2015. Oceanic islands and seamounts as staging posts for Copepoda Harpacticoida (Crustacea) – shallow-water Paramesochridae Lang, 1944 from the North-East Atlantic Ocean, including the (re-)description of three species and one subspecies from the Madeiran Archipelago. Progress in Oceanography 131: 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.012

Reed C.G. 1991. Bryozoa. In: Giese A.C., Pearse J.S. & Pearse V.B. (eds) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates: 85–245. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove.

Reverter-Gil O. & Souto J. 2015. Redescription of some species of Bryozoa described by J. Jullien and L. Calvet in the NE Atlantic. European Journal of Taxonomy 157: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.157

Reverter-Gil O., Berning B. & Souto J. 2015. Diversity and systematics of Schizomavella species (Bryozoa: Bitectiporidae) from the bathyal NE Atlantic. PLoS ONE 10 (10): e0139084. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139084

Richer de Forges B., Koslow J.A. & Poore G.C.B. 2000. Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific. Nature 405: 944–947. https://doi.org/10.1038/35016066

Rowden A.A., O’Shea S. & Clark M.G. 2002. Benthic biodiversity of seamounts on the northwest Chatham Rise. Marine Biodiversity Biosecurity Report 2: 1–21.

Rowden A.A., Clark M.R. & O’Shea S. 2004. Benthic biodiversity of seamounts on the Northland Plateau. Marine Biodiversity Biosecurity Report 5: 1–21.

Samadi S., Bottan L., Macpherson E., Richer de Forges B. & Boisselier M.C. 2006. Seamount endemism questioned by the geographical distribution and population genetic structure of marine invertebrates. Marine Biology 149: 1463–1475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0306-4

Souto J., Reverter-Gil O. & Fernández-Pulpeiro E. 2011. Redescription of some bryozoan species originally described by J. Jullien from Iberian waters. Zootaxa 2827: 31–53.

Souto J., Berning B. & Ostrovsky A.N. 2016. Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa 4067 (4): 401–459. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.1

Stocks K. 2004. Seamount invertebrates: composition and vulnerability to fishing. In: Morato T. & Pauly D. (eds) Seamounts: Biodiversity and Fisheries. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 12: 17–24.

Thoma J.N., Pante E., Brugler M.A. & France S.C. 2009. Deep-sea octocorals and antipatharians show no evidence of seamount-scale endemism in the NW Atlantic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397: 25–35. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08318

Xavier J.R. & van Soest R.W.M. 2007. Demosponge fauna of Ormonde and Gettysburg Seamounts (Gorringe Bank, north-east Atlantic): diversity and zoogeographical affinities. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87: 1643–1653. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315407058584

Published
2017-08-31
How to Cite
Berning, B., Harmelin, J.-G., & Bader, B. (2017). New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from NE Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope: evidence for deep-sea endemism. European Journal of Taxonomy, (347). https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.347
Issue
No. 347 (2017): New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from NE Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope: evidence for deep-sea endemism
Section
Zoology
Copyright (c) 2017 Björn Berning, Jean-Georges Harmelin, Beate Bader

Creative Commons Copyright Notices

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.