On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

  • Steven V. Fend US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025
  • Pilar Rodriguez University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940
  • Ainara Achurra University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940
  • Christer Erséus University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.361
Keywords: taxonomy, new taxa, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae, Kincaidiana, Guestphalinus

Abstract

Two formerly monotypic lumbriculid genera, Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 and Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, are reviewed using morphological and molecular data, following the discovery of new northwestern, Nearctic species. Several populations of Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 were examined, and both morphology and DNA data suggest a single, variable species in Pacific drainages extending from northern California through Washington, USA. Specimens of Kincaidiana from the Smith River drainage with a single, median atrium and differing genetically from K. hexatheca are assigned to K. smithi sp. nov. The chaetal morphology of North American Guestphalinus populations is variable, and two basic morphotypes are assigned to G. elephantinus sp. nov. and G. exilis sp. nov. This decision is supported by molecular data. The tree topology, based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed the close phylogenetic relationships among the Nearctic Guestphalinus, Kincaidiana and Uktena Fend, Rodriguez & Lenat, 2015. Probable synapomorphies associating these genera include a filiform, ringed proboscis, a forward shift of reproductive organs relative to the usual position in the family, and spermathecae in the atrial segment.

References

Achurra A. & Erséus C. 2013. DNA barcoding and species delimitation: the Stylodrilus heringianus case (Annelida : Clitellata : Lumbriculidae). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12049

Achurra A., Rodriguez P. & Erséus C. 2015. Pseudo-cryptic speciation in the subterranean medium: a new species of Stylodrilus Claparède, 1862, with a revision of the status of Bichaeta Bretscher, 1900 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 257: 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.05.003

Alfaro M.E., Zoller S. & Lutzoni F. 2003. Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msg028

Altman L.C. 1936. Oligochaeta of Washington. University of Washington Publications in Biology 4: 1–137.

Bely A.E. & Wray G.A. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of naidid worms (Annelida: Clitellata) based on cytochrome oxidase I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00180-5

Brinkhurst R.O. 1976. Aquatic Oligochaeta Recorded from Canada and the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay, Victoria, British Columbia.

Brinkhurst R.O. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis of the Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-387

Brinkhurst R.O. 1998. On the genus Eclipidrilus Eisen, 1881 (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata), including a description of Eclipidrilus ithys sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-224

Brinkhurst R.O. & Cook D.G. 1966. Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta III: Lumbricu-lidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 118: 1–33.

Cook D.G. 1968. The genera of the family Lumbriculidae and the genus Dorydrilus (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Journal of Zoology 156: 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04352.x

Cook D.G. 1971. Family Lumbriculidae. In: Brinkhurst R.O. & Jamieson B.G.M. (eds) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World: 200–285. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Dayrat B., Tillier A., Lecointre G. & Tillier S. 2001. New clades of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19: 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.0926

Delay B. 1972. Un nouvel oligochète Haplotaxidae souterrain des Pyrénées-Orientales (France): Haplotaxis corbarensis n. sp. Annales de Spéléologie 27: 329–340.

Delay B. 1973. Deux nouveaux Oligochètes Haplotaxidae troglobies d’Espagne: Haplotaxis navarrensis n. sp. et Haplotaxis cantabronensis n. sp. Annales de Spéléologie 28: 405–411.

Dembitsky E.B. 1987. Novyj rod vod nyh maloščetinkovyh červej v faune Sovetskogo Sojuza. In: Kačalova O.L. & Parele E.A. (eds) Vodnye Maloščetinkovye červi. Materialy šestogo Vsesojuznogo Simpoziuma, Salaspils 27–30 Aprelja 1987, Riga: 12–16. [In Russian: A new genus of oligochaetes in fauna of the Soviet Union. In: Kačalova O.L. & Parele E.A. (eds) Aquatic Oligochaeta, Materials of the 6th Symposium, Salaspils, 27–30 April 1987].

Erséus C. & Gustafsson D. 2009. Cryptic speciation in clitellate model organisms. In: Shain D. (ed.) Annelids in Modern Biology: 31–46. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470455203.ch3

Fend S.V. 2005. A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America. Zootaxa 969: 1–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.969.1.1

Fend S.V. 2009. An evaluation of the genus Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, with the designation of Altmanella n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae). Zootaxa 2077: 1–30.

Fend S.V. & Brinkhurst R.O. 2000. New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with obser-vations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia: 428: 1–59. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003919312142

Fend S.V. & Brinkhurst R.O. 2010. Contributions towards a review of the genus Rhynchelmis Hoffmeister (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae). Zootaxa 2407: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.194252

Fend S.V. & Lenat D.R. 2007. Two new genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA. Zootaxa 1666: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.180092

Fend S.V. & Lenat D.R. 2010. New southeastern Nearctic Rhynchelmis (Rhynchelmoides) species and the description of Pararhynchelmis n. gen. (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae). Zootaxa 2554: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.196882

Fend S.V. & Lenat D.R. 2012. New Eclipidrilus species (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from southeastern North America. Zootaxa 3194: 51–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.210008

Fend S.V. & Ohtaka A. 2004. Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan. Zoological Science 21: 677–683. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677

Fend S.V. & Rodriguez P. 2003. Eremidrilus n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) and new species from California, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 515–542. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-235

Fend S.V., Rodriguez P. & Lenat D.R. 2015. Uktena riparia n. gen., n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), a new spermatophore-producing oligochaete. Zootaxa 3994 (3): 411–424. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3994.3.5

Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R. & Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3 (5): 294–299.

Griepenburg W. 1941. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Wurmfauna der westfälischen Höhlen. Decheniana 100B: 73–116.

Harrington N. 2005. Jefferson County Shoreline Master Program Update: Shoreline Inventory and Analysis. Jefferson County Department of Community Development, Port Townsend, WA.

Hillis D.M. & Bull J.J. 1993. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182

Holmquist C. 1976. Lumbriculids (Oligochaeta) of northern Alaska and Northwestern Canada. Zoologische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Ökologie und Geografie der Tiere 103: 377–431.

Hrabě S. 1936. Über Dorydrilus (Piguetia) mirabilis n. subgen., n. sp. aus einem Sodbrunnen in der Umgebung von Basel sowie über Dorydrilus (Dorydrilus) michaelseni Pig. und Bichaeta sanguinea Bret. Spisy vydávané prírodovědeckou fakultou Masarykovy University [Aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Masaryk-Universität in Brno] 227: 3–18.

Hrabě S. 1973. On a collection of Oligochaeta from various parts of Yugoslavia. Biloški vestnik Ljubljana 21: 39–50.

Hrabě S. 1983. Evolution of the family Lumbriculidae. Note on the classification of the class Oligochaeta. Hydrobiologia 102: 171–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006344

Hrabě S. 1984. Two atavistic characters of some Lumbriculidae and their importance for the classification of Oligochaeta. Hydrobiologia 115: 15–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027887

Isossimov V.V. 1962. The oligochaetes of the family Lumbriculidae of Lake Baikal [Maloshchetinkovye chervi semeystva Lumbriculidae]. Trudy Limnologicheskogo Instituta 1 (21), part I: 3–126. [In Russian.]

Kathman R.D. & Brinkhurst R.O. 1998. Guide to the Freshwater Oligochaetes of North America. Aquatic Resources Center, College Grove, TN.

Larkin M.A., Blackshields G., Brown N.P., Chenna R., McGettigan P.A., McWilliam H., Valentin F., Wallace I.M., Wilm A., Lopez R., Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J. & Higgins D.G. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404

Loden M.S. & Harman W.J. 1980. Ecophenotypic variation in setae of Naididae Oligochaeta). In: Brinkhurst R.O. & Cook D.G. (eds) Aquatic Oligochaete Biology: 33–39. Plenum Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3048-6_4

Martin P. & Kaygorodova I. 2008. A new species of Pseudorhynchelmis Hrabě, 1982 (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) from Lake Baikal, with re-descriptions of P. parva and P. olchonensis. Zootaxa 1938: 23–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.185000

McKey-Fender D. & Fender W.M. 2001. Descriptions of new species of the predaceous lumbriculid Phagodrilus from western North America. Megadrilogica 8 (11): 57–81.

Michaelsen W. 1901. Oligochaeten der zoologischen Museen zu St. Petersberg und Kiev. Izvestija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk [Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg] 15: 137–215.

Michaelsen W. 1933. Über Höhlen Oligochäten. Mitteilungen über Höhlen- und Karstforschung, Zeitschrift des Hauptverbandes Deutscher Höhlenforscher 1: 1–19.

NWIS 2016a. USGS Surface-Water Daily Data for California. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Information System. Available from http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ca/nwis/dv? [accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

NWIS 2016b. Water Quality Samples for Washington. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Information System. Available from http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/qwdata/?site_no=12040000&agency_cd=USGS [accessed 30 Jan. 2016].

Nylander J.A.A. 2004. MrModeltest v2.3. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.

Palumbi S.R., Martin A., Romano S., McMillan W.O., Stice L. & Grabowski G. 1991. The Simple Fool’s Guide to PCR, Version 2.0. Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.

Rambaut A., Suchard M.A., Xie D. & Drummond A.J. 2014. Tracer v1.6. Available from http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/ [accessed 14 Sep. 2016].

Rettig S.A. & Bortleson G.C. 1983. Limnological Study of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California, with Emphasis on the Effests of the 1977 Drought. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 82-4081. Available from https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri824081 [accessed 19 Sep. 2017].

Rodriguez P. 1986. Nuevos resultados acerca de la fauna de oligoquetos acuáticos del País Vasco y cuenca alta del Ebro. 1. Haplotaxidae, Naididae y Tubificidae. Munibe (Ciencias Naturales) 38: 75–80.

Rodriguez P. & Fend S.V. 2013. New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879). Zootaxa 3664 (1): 1–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3664.1.1

Rodriguez P. & Giani N. 1994. A preliminary review of the taxonomic characters used for the systematics of the genus Trichodrilus Claparède (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae). Hydrobiologia 278: 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00142310

Rodriguez P., Fend S.V. & Lenat D.R. 2014. Sylphella puccoon gen. n., sp. n. and two additional new species of aquatic oligochaetes (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata) from poorly-known lotic habitats in North Carolina (USA). ZooKeys 451: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.451.7304

Ronquist F. & Huelsenbeck J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180

Spencer D.R. & Denton R.L. 2003. Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Lumbriculidae, Haplotaxidae, Naididae, Tubificidae) of Utah. Western North American Naturalist 63 (3): 343–352.

Swofford D.L. 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (*and Other Methods) 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.

Stamatakis A., Hoover P. & Rougemont J. 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web-servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642

U.S.D.A. 1999. Squaw Creek Watershed Analysis. Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; Shasta-McCloud Management Unit.

Zhou H., Fend S.V., Gustafson D.L., De Wit P. & Erséus C. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida). Zoologica Scripta 39: 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00429.x

Published
2017-10-24
How to Cite
Fend, S. V., Rodriguez, P., Achurra, A., & Erséus, C. (2017). On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, (361). https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.361
Issue
No. 361 (2017): On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species
Section
Zoology
Copyright (c) 2017 Steven V. Fend, Pilar Rodriguez, Ainara Achurra, Christer Erséus

Creative Commons Copyright Notices

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.