A mountain of millipedes VII: The genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, and related species from other Eastern Arc Mountains. With notes on Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, and Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

  • Henrik Enghoff Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.445
Keywords: Taxonomy, new species, epizootic fauna, copulatory plug

Abstract

Twenty-two new species of the genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, are described: E. acaciae sp. nov., E. aequilobatum sp. nov., E. akkariae sp. nov., E. angulatum sp. nov., E. articulatum sp. nov., E. biquintum sp. nov., E. breviscutum sp. nov., E. cetafi sp. nov., E. chitense sp. nov., E. commelina sp. nov., E. coxale sp. nov., E. ejti sp. nov., E. grumslingslak sp. nov., E. kalimbasiense sp. nov., E. navuncus sp. nov., E. nessiteras sp. nov., E. ottokrausi sp. nov., E. paradisiacum sp. nov., E. sternale sp. nov. and E. zebra sp. nov. from the Udzungwa Mts, E. culter sp. nov. from the Rubeho Mts and E. kangense sp. nov. from the Kanga Mts. Eviulisoma kwabuniense Kraus, 1958, and E. dabagaense Kraus, 1958, both from the Udzungwa Mts, are redesribed based on new material. Notes are provided on E. iuloideum (Verhoeff, 1941) based on type material. Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, is synonymized under Eviulisoma, based on newly collected material of E. julinum (Attems, 1909), type species of Eoseviulisoma. New material of Suohelisoma ulugurense Hoffman, 1964, type species of Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1964, has revealed that the gonopod structure is more similar to that of Eviulisoma than originally thought, but Suohelisoma is retained as a valid genus. Four species groups are recognized among Eviulisoma species from the Udzungwa Mts, but the need for a revision of the entire genus is emphasized. Two types of epizootic fungi are recorded from Eviulisoma spp., and an enigmatic amorphous mass, which may be a kind of plugging substance, is recorded from the gonopod tips and excavated sixth sternum of several species.

References

Akkari N. & Enghoff H. 2011. On some surface structures of potential taxonomic importance in families of the suborders Polydesmidea and Dalodesmidea (Polydesmida, Diplopoda). ZooKeys 156: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2134

Akkari N. & Enghoff H. 2012. Review of the genus Ommatoiulus in Andalusia, Spain (Diplopoda: Julida) with description of ten new species and notes on a remarkable gonopod structure, the fovea. Zootaxa 3538: 1–53.

Attems C. 1909. Myriopoda. In: Sjöstedt Y. (ed.) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimanjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjöstedt 3 (19): 1–64. Available from https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1410223 [accessed 1 May 2018].

Attems C. 1927. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition R. Grauer nach Zentralafrika, Dezember 1909 bis Februar 1911. Diplopoda. Annalen des naturhistorischen Museums Wien 41: 51–90.

Attems C 1929. Diplopoden des belgischen Congo. I. Polydesmoidea. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 17: 253–378.

Attems C. 1937. Diplopoden des belgischen Congo. I. Nachtrag. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 30: 19–70.

Attems C. 1953. Neue Myriopoden des belgischen Congo. Annales du Musée royal du Congo belge, Série 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 18: 1–139.

Brolemann H.W. 1920. Myriapodes. In: Alluaud Ch. (ed.) Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale 1911–1912. Résultats Scientifiques. Myriapoda 3: 49–298. A. Schultz, Paris.

Brolemann H.W. 1928. Diplopodes des collections de lʼInstitut Scientifique Chérifien. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences naturelles du Maroc 8: 34–60.

Carl J. 1909. Diplopoden. Reise von Dr. J. Carl im nördlichen central-afrikanischen Seengebiet. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 17: 281–365. Available from: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10709191 [accessed 6 Feb. 2018].

Ceuca T. 1971. Contributo alla conoszenza dei diplopodi della Somalia (prima nota). Monitore Zoologico Italiano N.S., Supplemento 4, 3: 79–90.

Doody K.Z., Howell K.M. & Fanning E. (eds) New Dabaga / Ulangambi Forest Reserve – Zoological Report: 108–116. Report for the Udzungwa Mountains Forest Management and Biodiversity Conservation Project. MEMA, Iringa, Tanzania.

Enghoff H. 2014. A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 100: 1–75. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.100

Enghoff H. 2016a. A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several ‘orphaned’ species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 177: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.177

Enghoff H. 2016b. A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on “P.” fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 215: 1–23.

https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.215

Enghoff H. 2016c. A mountain of millipedes V: Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 221: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.221

Enghoff H. 2017. A new species of the Chaleponcus dabagaensis-group from Mount Rungwe, Tanzania–support for an extended concept of the Eastern Arc Mountains (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). Zootaxa 4353: 389–392. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.11

Enghoff H. 2018. A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus, and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 394: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.394

Enghoff H. & Frederiksen S.B. 2015. A mountain of millipedes II: The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 – five new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and one from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 150: 1–25.

https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.150

Enghoff H. & Reboleira A.S.P.S. 2017. Diversity of non-Laboulbenialean fungi on millipedes. Studies in Fungi 2 (1): 130–137. Available from http://www.studiesinfungi.org/pdf/SIF_2_1_15.pdf [accessed 30 Apr. 2018].

Enghoff H. & Santamaria S. 2015. Infectious intimacy and contaminated caves – three new species of ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) from blaniulid millipedes (Diplopoda: Julida) and inferences about their transmittal mechanisms. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 15 (2): 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0208-8

Enghoff H., Golovatch S., Short M., Stoev P. & Wesener T. 2015. Diplopoda – Taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A. (ed.) The Myriapoda 2. Treatise on Zoology – Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology: 363–453. Leiden, Boston. Brill.

Golovatch S.I. 1992. Review of the Neotropical millipede genus Onciurosoma Silvestri, 1932, with the description of three new species from near Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Amazoniana 12 (2): 227–237.

Hoffman R.L. 1953. Scolodesmus and related African millipede genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66: 75–84.

Hoffman R.L. 1964. Über einige ostafrikanische Diplopoda Polydesmida der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. Opuscula Zoologica München 79: 1–10.

Hoffman R.L. 1971. A synopsis of the millipede genus Wubidesmus (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 84 (1–2): 83–96.

Jeekel C.A.W. 1968. On the Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Rotterdam, privately published.

Jeekel C.A.W. 2000. A new Luzonomorpha from Mindoro, Philippine Is. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Myriapod Memoranda 2: 22–30.

Jeekel C.A.W. 2002. Paradoxosomatidae from Venezuela, with the description of a new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Myriapod Memoranda 5: 40–51.

Jeekel C.A.W. 2003. African Paradoxosomatidae, 1: Genus Eviulisoma Silvestri (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Myriapod Memoranda 6: 46–88.

Kraus O. 1958. Myriapoden aus Ostafrika (Tanganjika-Territory). Veröffentlichungen aus dem Überseemuseum Bremen (A) 3: 1–16.

Linnaeus C. 1737. Critica Botanica in qua Nomina Plantarum Generica, Specifica & Varianta Examiie Subjiciuntur, Selectiora Confirmantur, Indigna Rejiciuntur Simulque Doctrina circa Denominationem Plantarum Traditur. Seu Fundamentorum Botanicorum Pars IV. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], Conrad Wishoff.

Marshall A.R., Brink H. & Topp-Jørgensen J.E. 2001a. Millipede diversity and distribution – West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve. In: Doody K.Z., Howell K.M. & Fanning E. (eds) West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve – Zoological Report: 124–132. Report for the Udzungwa Mountains Forest Management and Biodiversity Conservation Project. MEMA, Iringa, Tanzania.

Marshall A.R., Brink H. & Topp-Jørgensen J.E. 2001b. Millipede diversity and distribution in New Dabaga / Ulangambi Forest Reserve. In: Doody K.Z., Howell K.M. & Fanning E. (eds) New Dabaga / Ulangambi Forest Reserve – Zoological Report: 108–116. Report for the Udzungwa Mountains Forest Management and Biodiversity Conservation Project, MEMA, Iringa, Tanzania.

Marshall A.R., Jørgensbye H.I.O., Rovero F., Platts P.L., White P.C.L. & Lovett J.C. 2010. The species– area relationship and confounding variables in a threatened monkey community. American Journal of Primatology 72: 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20787

Mauriès J.-P. 1985. Polydesmide et Craspedosomides cavernicoles nouveaux de France et du Maroc (Myriapoda – Diplopoda). International Journal of Speleology 14: 51–62.

Moritz M. & Fischer S.-C. 1978. Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 4: Polydesmida (Paradoxosomatidea, Sphaeriodesmidea, Polydesmidea). Teil 5: Ergänzungen (Teile 1 bis 3). Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin 54 (1): 99–160.

Nguyen A.D. & Sierwald P. 2013. A worldwide catalog of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Check List 9 (6): 1132–1353.

Petit G. 1976. Développements comparés des appendices copulateurs (gonopodes) chez Polydesmus angustus Latzel et Brachydesmus superus Latzel (Diplopodes: Polydesmidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 5: 261–272.

Reboleira A.S.P.S. & Enghoff H. 2013. The genus Boreviulisoma Brolemann, 1928 – an Iberian-N African outlier of a mainly tropical tribe of millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 3646: 516–528. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.5.2

Santamaria S., Enghoff H. & Reboleira A.S.P.S. 2014. Laboulbeniales on millipedes: the genera Diplopodomyces and Troglomyces. Mycologia 106 (5): 1027–1038. https://doi.org/10.3852/13-381

Santamaria S., Enghoff H. & Reboleira A.S.P.S. 2016. Hidden biodiversity revealed by collections-based research – Laboulbeniales in millipedes: genus Rickia. Phytotaxa 243 (2): 101–127.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.1

Scharff N., Rovero F., Jensen F.P. & Brøgger-Jensen S. (eds). 2015. Udzungwa. Tales of Discovery in an East African Rainforest. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen and MUSE – Science Museum, Trento, Italy.

Schubart O. 1939. Ein dritter Beitrag ueber die Höhlen-Diplopoden Belgiens sowie ueber einige andere belgische Diplopoden (Ueber Diplopoden No. 33). Bulletin du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique 15 (65): 1–16.

Shear W.A. 2010. The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 2: The genera Trichopetalum, Zygonopus and Scoterpes (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea). Zootaxa 2385: 1–62.

Sierwald P. 2017. Eoseviulisoma rugegeanum (Attems, 1952). In: Sierwald P. (ed.) MilliBase. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=948116 [accessed 7 Feb. 2018].

Silvestri F. 1907. Nuovi specie di diplopodi (diagnosi preventive). Bollettino dei Musei Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Reale Università di Torino 22 (560): 1–8.

Silvestri F. 1910. Collezioni zoologiche fatte nell-Uganda dal Dott. E. Bayon. V. Contribuzione all conoszenza dei miriapodi dell’Uganda. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 3, 4 (44): 457–478.

Stockley P. 1997. Sexual conflict resulting from adaptations to sperm competition. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12 (4): 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01000-8

VandenSpiegel D. & Golovatch S.I. 2014. The millipede genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 in Kenya, with descriptions of new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys 459: 11–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.459.8621

Verhoeff K.W. 1926–1932. Klasse Diplopoda. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 5 (2): 1–2084.

Verhoeff K.W. 1941. Studien an äthiopischen Diplopoden. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaften 73: 231–274.

Wijnand D.O. 1983. The Botany of the Commelins. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Published
2018-06-19
How to Cite
Enghoff, H. (2018). A mountain of millipedes VII: The genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, and related species from other Eastern Arc Mountains. With notes on Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, and Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, (445). https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.445
Issue
No. 445 (2018): A mountain of millipedes VII: The genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, and related species from other Eastern Arc Mountains. With notes on Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, and Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
Section
Zoology
Copyright (c) 2018 Henrik Enghoff

Creative Commons Copyright Notices

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.