A New Species of the Genus Zhangixalus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam
Abstract
We describe a new species of the genus Zhangixalus Li, Jiang, Ren & Jiang, 2019 from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam based on morphological and molecular data. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses, the new species is nested in the Zhangixalus duboisi (Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000) group, where it is sister to Z. duboisi with a genetic distance of 2.51%. The new species, Zhangixalus franki sp. nov., differs from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: size large, SVL 77.9–85.8 mm in males; finger webbing formula I1-1II0-1III½-0IV; dorsal surface of head and body green with dark brown spots; ventral surface grey or dark grey, white stripe along edge of jaw, insertion of limbs, and along lateral ridges of fore and hind limbs and flank, separating upper green part from lower grey part. The new species occurs in evergreen montane tropical forests at an elevation of ca 1300 m a.s.l. The new discovery brings the total number of known species in the genus Zhangixalus to 38 and the species number reported from Vietnam to nine.
References
Bain R.H. & Nguyen T.Q. 2004. Herpetofaunal diversity of Ha Giang Province in northeastern Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species. American Museum Novitates 2004 (3453): 1–42.
Bordoloi S., Bortamuli T. & Ohler A. 2007. Systematics of the genus Rhacophorus (Amphibia, Anura): identity of red-webbed forms and description of a new species from Assam. Zootaxa 1653: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.179813
Bourret R. 1937. Notes herpétologiques sur l’Indochine française. XIV. Les Batraciens de la Collection du Laboratoire des Sciences naturelles de l’Université. Descriptions de quinze espèces ou variétés nouvelles. Annexe au Bulletin Général de l’Instruction Publique 56. Gouvernement Général De L’Indochine, Hanoi.
Chen W., Liao X., Zhou S., Mo Y. & Huang, Y. 2018. Rediscovery of Rhacophorus yaoshanensis and Theloderma kwangsiensis at their type localities after five decades. Zootaxa 4379 (4): 484–496. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4379.4.2
Chou W.H., Lau M.W. & Chan B.P.L. 2007. A new treefrog of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Hainan Island, China. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55: 157–165.
Fei L., Ye C.Y. & Jiang J.P. 2010. Colored atlas of Chinese amphibians. Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu.
Frost D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online reference. Version 6.0. Available from http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html [accessed 6 Feb. 2020].
Glaw F. & Vences M. 2007. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar. Third Edition. Cologne, Frosch Verlag.
Goris R.C. & Maeda N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Malabar, Florida, Krieger Publishing Company.
Harvey M.B., Pemberton A.J. & Smith E.N. 2002. New and poorly known parachuting frogs (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from Sumatra and Java. Herpetological Monographs 16 (1): 46–92. https://doi.org/10.1655/0733-1347(2002)016[0046:NAPKPF]2.0.CO;2
Huelsenbeck J.P. & Hillis D.M. 1993. Success of phylogenetic methods in the four taxon case. Systematic Biology 42: 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.3.247
IUCN 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1. Available from https://www.iucnredlist.org [accessed 19 Mar. 2020].
Jiang D., Jiang K., Ren J., Wu J. & Li J. 2019. Resurrection of the genus Leptomantis, with description of a new genus to the family Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180058
Jiang K., Wang K., Yang J., Jin J., Zou D., Yan F., Pan H. & Che J. 2016. Two new records of amphibia from Tibet, China, with decription of Rhacophorus burmanus [In Chinese with English abstract]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology 35 (2): 210–216.
Katoh K. & Standley D.M. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Keller A., Rödel M.O., Linsenmair K.D. & Grafe T.U. 2009. The importance of environmental heterogeneity for species diversity and assemblage structure in Bornean stream frogs. Journal of Animal Ecology 78: 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01457.x
Kuraishi N., Matsui M., Hamidy A., Belabut D.M., Ahmad N., Panha S., Sudin A., Yong H.S., Jiang J.P., Ota H., Thong H.T. & Nishikawa K. 2013. Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta 42 (1): 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00562.x
Leaché A.D. & Reeder T.W. 2002. Molecular systematics of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus): a comparison of parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Systematic Biology 51: 44–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/106351502753475871
Li J.T., Che J., Bain R.H., Zhao E.M. & Zhang Y.P. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura): A framework of taxonomic reassignment of species within the genera Aquixalus, Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and Philautus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (1): 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.023
Li J.T., Liu J., Chen Y.Y., Wu J.W., Murphy R.W., Zhao E.M., Wang Y.Z. & Zhang Y.P. 2012a. Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00790.x
Li J.T., Li Y., Murphy R.W., Rao D.Q. & Zhang Y.P. 2012b. Phylogenetic resolution and systematics of the Asian tree frogs, Rhacophorus (Rhacophoridae, Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta 41 (6): 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00557.x
Liang Y.S. & Wang C.S. 1978. A new tree frog Rhacophorus taipeianus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan (Formosa). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 31: 185–202.
Liu C. 1950. Amphibians of western China. Fieldiana Zoology Memoires 2: 1–397.
Liu B.-Q., Wang K., Jiang H.M., Chen J.J., Zhou J.N., Xu & Wu C.H. 2017. A new treefrog species of the genus Rhacophorus Found in Zhejiang, China (Anura: Rhacophoridae) [In Chinese with English abstract]. Chinese Journal of Zoology 52: 361–372.
Lue K.Y., Lai J.S. & Chen S.L. 1994. A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan. Herpetological 50: 303–308.
Lue K.Y., Lai J.S. & Chen S.L. 1995. A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan. Journal of Herpetology 29: 338–345.
Maeda N. & Matsui M. 1990. Frogs and Toads of Japan. Second Edition. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan. Tokyo.
Matsui M., Kawahara Y., Nishikawa K., Ikeda S., Eto K. & Mizuno Y. 2019. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of two Rhacophorus species endemic to mainland Japan. Asian Herpetological Research 10 (2): 86–104. https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.190015
Mo Y.M., Chen W.C., Liao X.W. & Zhou S.C. 2016. A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern China. Asian Herpetological Research 7 (3): 139–150. https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150070
Nguyen Q.T., Pham T.C., Nguyen T.T., Ngo N.H. & Ziegler T. 2016. A new species of Theloderma (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 4168 (1): 171–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.10
Nguyen T.T., Matsui M. & Eto K. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny of an Asian tree frog genus Theloderma (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85: 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.003
Nguyen T.T., Pham T.C., Nguyen Q.T., Ninh T.H. & Ziegler T. 2017. A new species of Rhacophorus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam. Asian Herpetological Research 8: 221–234. https://doi/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.170046
Ohler A. 2009. Rhacophorus burmanus (Anderson, 1939) the valid nomen for Rhacophorus taroensis Smith, 1940 and Rhacophorus gongshanensis Yang & Su, 1984. Herpetozoa 21: 179–182.
Ohler A., Marquis O., Swan S. & Grosjean S. 2000. Amphibian biodiversity of Hoang Lien Nature Reserve (Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam) with description of two new species. Herpetozoa 13 (1/2): 71–87.
Orlov N.L., Lathrop A., Murphy R.W. & Ho C.T. 2001. Frogs of the family Rhacophoridae (Anura: Amphibia) in the northern Hoang Lien Mountains (Mount Fan Si Pan, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province), Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8: 17–44.
Pan T., Zhang Y., Wang H., Wu J., Kang X., Qian L., Li K., Zhang Y., Chen J., Rao D., Jiang J. & Zhang B. 2017. A New Species of the Genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dabie Mountains in East China. Asian Herpetological Research 8: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.160064
Rambaut A. & Drummond A. 2009. TRACER. version 1.5. Available from http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/ Tracer [accessed 8 Jul. 2020].
Rao D.Q., Wilkinson J.A. & Liu H.N. 2006. A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Guangxi Province, China. Zootaxa 1258: 17–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.173113
Sengupta S. & Ahmed M.F. 2017. Distribution of Rhacophorus burmanus (Andersson, 1939), with notes on its natural history. Herpetozoa 29 (3/4): 194–198.
Simmons J.E. 2002. Herpetological collecting and collections management. Revised edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular 31: 1–153.
Sano N., Kurabayashi A., Fujii T., Yonekawa H. & Sumida M. 2004. Complete nucleotide sequence and gene rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome of the bell-ring frog, Buergeria buergeri (family Rhacophoridae). Genes & Genetic Systerm 79: 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.79.151
Stejneger L. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58, Governement Printing Office, Washington.
Sterling E.J., Hurley M.M. & Le M.D. 2006. Vietnam: A Natural History. Yale University, New Haven.
Tanabe A.S. 2011. Kakusan 4 and Aminosan: two programs for comparing nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data. Molecular Ecology Resources 11: 914– 921. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03021
Tavaré S. 1986. Some probabilistic and statistical problems in the analysis of DNA sequences. Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences 17: 57–86.
Wilkinson J. 2003. Kinugasa flying frog, Rhacophorus arboreus. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia 6: 299.
Wilkinson J.A. & Rao D. 2004. Taxonomic status of Rhacophorus taronensis Smith, 1940. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco 55 (25): 451–457.
Yu G., Hui H., Hou M., Wu Z., Rao D.Q. & Yang J.X. 2019. A new species of Zhangixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae), previously confused with Zhangixalus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852). Zootaxa 4711: 275–292 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.3
Ziegler T., Tran D.T.A., Nguyen T.Q., Perl R.G.B., Wirk L., Kulisc M., Lehmann T., Rauhaus A., Nguyen T.T., Le Q.K. & Vu T.N. 2014. New amphibian and reptile records from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 7: 185–201.
Copyright (c) 2020 Hoa Thi NINH, Tao Thien NGUYEN, Nikolai ORLOV, Truong Quang NGUYEN, Thomas ZIEGLER
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.