New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?

  • Christine Paillès Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.
  • Florence Sylvestre Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.
  • Alain Tonetto Aix-Marseille Université, Fédération de Chimie, PRATIM, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
  • Jean-Charles Mazur Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.
  • Sandrine Conrod Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1169
Keywords: diatom, Stephanodiscaceae, genus, Cyclocostis rolfii, Discostella gabinii, Pleistocene, Guatemala

Abstract

Several taxa of Stephanodiscaceae were found in the upper section of Pleistocene sediments from Lake Petén-Itzá (Guatemala). A new fossil genus Cyclocostis Paillès gen. nov. and new extant species Discostella gabinii Paillès & Sylvestre sp. nov. are described. Cyclocostis gen. nov. is characterized by a strongly tangentially undulated valve surface, coarse unequal striation reaching a central punctum in the valve center, an absence of central lamina and domed criba, widely open alveoli with one median recessed costa bearing marginal fultoportulae and a single rimoportula all within a ring. A single valve face fultoportula is present on the raised part of the valve opposite the rimoportula. Differences relative to similar genera and the delimitation of a new genus are discussed. Discostella gabinii sp. nov. is distinguished by circular and flat valves, a small central area bearing 5 to > 30 scattered large areolae giving a colliculate appearance, medium-sized alveoli, marginal fultoportulae on every 4–5th costa, a single rimoportula and internally smooth valve center. Differences to similar taxa in the genus Discostella are discussed. The succession of the species of Cyclotella, Discostella and Cyclocostis gen. nov. in our record could represent eco-phenotypic responses to particular environmental stress / change.

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Published
2020-11-30
How to Cite
Paillès, C., Sylvestre, F., Tonetto, A., Mazur, J.-C., & Conrod, S. (2020). New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?. European Journal of Taxonomy, 726(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1169
Issue
Vol. 726 (2020)
Section
Research article

Copyright (c) 2020 Christine Paillès, Florence Sylvestre, Alain Tonetto, Jean-Charles Mazur, Sandrine Conrod

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