Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile
Abstract
The adult stage of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) is described and illustrated from the arid western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile. The larvae of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. feed as leaf skeletonizers on Mirabilis acuta (Reiche) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae). The mostly gray forewing of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ornamented with strongly bulging metallic spots, resembles that of the representatives of the mainly Nearctic Lithariapteryx Chambers, 1876. However, the latter lacks CuP in the forewing, has a single bristle in the female frenulum, and lacks a well-developed cornutus. Helioandesia gen. nov. clustered as sister to Neoheliodines Hsu, 2004 in a cladistic analysis, although no synapomorphies were found for this cluster, while Lithariapteryx was sister to Helioandesia gen. nov. + Neoheliodines based on two synapomorphies. The genetic distance between a DNA barcode sequence of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. and representatives of other genera of Heliodinidae Heinemann, 1877 was 9.0–12.5% (K2P), and a maximum likelihood analysis based on this molecular marker confirmed the placement of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. as a member of this micromoth family. This contribution represents the first confirmed record of Heliodinidae for Chile.
References
Becker V.O. 1999. Family reassignments and synonymy of some taxa of Neotropical microlepidoptera. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16: 141–170.
Cepeda D.E. 2016. Nueva especie de Kessleria Nowicki, 1864 para Chile central (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) asociada a Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae). Insecta Mundi 0501: 1–6.
Clarke J.F.G. 1967. Neotropical microlepidoptera, XIV. Chilean Microlepidoptera described by Emilio Blanchard. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 122: 1–8.
Escobar-Suárez S., Huanca-Mamani W. & Vargas H.A. 2017. Genetic divergence of a newly documented population of the cecidogenous micromoth Eugnosta azapaensis Vargas & Moreira (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61: 266–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.05.004
Farfán J., Cerdeña J., Arivilca M., Condori-Mamani M., Huanca-Mamani W. & Vargas H.A. 2020. First record of Alucita danunciae (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae) in Peru. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 55: 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2019.1702617
Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R. & Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294–299.
Goloboff P. 1993. NONA. Version 2.0. [Computer software and manual]. Published by the author, Tucumán, Argentina.
Harrison T. & Passoa S. 1995. Mirabilis-feeding Heliodines (Lepidoptera: Heliodinidae) in central Illinois, with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 97: 63–70.
Heppner J.B. 1984. Heliodinidae. In: Heppner J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 1, Micropterigoidea – Immoidea: 57. W. Junk, Hague / Boston / Lancaster.
Heppner J.B. 1987. Addendum to Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Neotropical Lepidoptera News 1: 1–10.
Heppner J.B. 2008. Sun moths (Lepidoptera: Heliodinidae). In: Capinera J.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/c2g8v5
Heppner J.B. & Landry B. 1994. A new sun moth from the Galápagos Islands (Lepidoptera: Heliodinidae). Tropical Lepidoptera 5: 126–128.
Hsu Y-F (2002) Larval and pupal biology of a new sun moth in southern California: Novel host use strategy in the evolution of Heliodinidae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 78: 132–139.
Hsu Y-F. & Powell J.A. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships within Heliodinidae and systematics of moths formerly assigned to Heliodines Stainton (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 124: 1–158.
Huanca-Mamani W., Rivera-Cabello D. & Maita-Maita J. 2015. A simple, fast, and inexpensive CTAB-PVP-Silica based method for genomic DNA isolation from single, small insect larvae and pupae. Genetics and Molecular Research 14: 7990–8000. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.July.17.8
Kaila L. 2019. An annotated catalogue of Elachistinae of the World (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Zootaxa 4632: 001–231. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4632.1.1
Kumar S., Stecher G., Li M., Knyaz C. & Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Kyrki J. 1984. The Yponomeutoidea: A reassessment of the superfamily and its suprageneric groups (Lepidoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica 15: 71–84.
Luebert F. & Pliscoff P. 2006. Sinopsis Bioclimática y Vegetacional de Chile. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago.
Meyrick E. 1917. Heliodinidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera 2: 61–66.
Moreira G.R.P., Brito R., Isaias R.M.S., Silveira J.L. & Gonçalves G.L. 2019. A redescription of Antispastis clarkei Pastrana (Lepidoptera, Glyphipterigidae) immature stages, with notes on the life history and phylogenetic placement of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 63: 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.03.001
Muñoz A.E. & Bonacic C. 2006. Variación estacional de la flora y vegetación en la precordillera andina de la comuna de Putre (I Región de Tarapacá, Chile) durante el período 2002–2003. Gayana Botánica 63: 75–92.
Van Nieukerken E.J., Kaila L., Kitching I.J., Kristensen N.P., Lees D.C., Minet J., Mitter C., Mutanen M., Regier J.C., Simonsen T.J., Wahlberg N., Yen S-H., Zahiri R., Adamski D., Baixeras J., Bartsch D., Bengtsson B.Å., Brown J.W., Bucheli S.R., Davis D.R., De Prins J., De Prins W., Epstein M.E., Gentili-Poole P., Gielis C., Hättenschwiler P., Hausmann A., Holloway J.D., Kallies A., Karsholt O., Kawahara A.Y., Koster S., Kozlov M.V., Lafontaine J.D., Lamas G., Landry J-F., Lee S., Nuss M., Park K-T., Penz C., Rota J., Schintlmeister A., Schmidt B.C., Sohn J-C., Solis M.A., Tarmann G.M., Warren A.D., Weller S., Yakovlev R.V., Zolotuhin V.V. & Zwick A. 2011. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang Z-Q. (ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness. Zootaxa 3148: 212–221.
Nixon K.C. 2002. Winclada. Ver. 1.00.08. [Computer software and manual]. Published by the author, Ithaca / New York.
Pereira C.M., Silva D.S., Gonçalves G.L., Vargas H.A. & Moreira G.R.P. 2017. A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61: 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.11.003
Ratnasingham S. & Hebert P.D.N. 2007. BOLD: the barcode of life data system. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355–367. Available from http://www.barcodinglife.org [accessed 18 Dec. 2020]. https://doi.org/cv9qqw
Rodriguez R., Marticorena C., Alarcón D., Baeza C., Cavieres L., Finot V.L., Fuentes N., Kiessling A., Mihoc M., Pauchard A., Ruiz E., Sanchez P. & Marticorena A. 2018. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana Botánica 75: 1–430.
Shorthouse D.P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from https://www.simplemappr.net [accessed 13 Jul. 2020].
Silva G.T., Moreira G.R.P., Vargas H.A., Gonçalves G.L., Mainardi M.D., Blas G.S. & Davis D. 2018. Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae). ZooKeys 795: 127–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27070
Sohn J-C., Regier J.C., Mitter C., Davis D., Landry J-F., Zwick A. & Cummings M.P. 2013. A molecular phylogeny for Yponomeutoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Ditrysia) and its implications for classification, biogeography and the evolution of host plant use. PLoS ONE 8 (1): e55066. https://doi.org/fn23
Vargas H.A. 2018. A new species of Ypsolopha Latreille (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae) from the Andes of northern Chile. Nota Lepidopterologica 41: 199–205. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.28570
Vargas H.A., Vargas-Ortiz M. & Cees G. 2020. A new species of Stenoptilia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) associated with Neobartsia peruviana (Orobanchaceae) in the Andes of northern Chile. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (2): e20190028. https://doi.org/fnvg
Walsingham T.G. 1897. Revision of the West-Indian Micro-Lepidoptera, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 54–183.
Xia X. 2018. DAMBE7: New and improved tools for data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 1550–1552. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy073
Xia X., Xie Z., Salemi M., Chen L. & Wang Y. 2003. An index of substitution saturation and its application. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 1–7. https://doi.org/chdxt5
Copyright (c) 2021 Héctor A. Vargas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
