Mumetopia interfeles sp. nov., a new species of Anthomyzidae (Diptera) occurring en masse in an urban grassy habitat in Chile: its taxonomy, phylogeny and biology
Abstract
A new species of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), viz., Mumetopia interfeles Roháček sp. nov. (both sexes), is described from Chile, based on a large series collected from a small grassy area (consisting of a non-native species, Hordeum murinum L.) among houses in the city of Valparaíso. Its systematic affiliation, phylogenetic relationships, and biology are discussed. Cases of mass occurrence of adult Anthomyzidae, particularly those in anthropogenic habitats, are reviewed and general features of them discussed. A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships of the new species and the Chamaebosca group of genera within Anthomyzidae (64 species in dataset), based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of seven DNA markers (12S, 16S, 28S, COI, COII, CytB, ITS2). Taxonomic limits of the genus Mumetopia Melander, 1913 are discussed. Based on a new molecular hypothesis and a previous cladistic analysis of morphological data (Roháček & Barber 2009), a broadened, better-supported concept of Mumetopia (s. str.) is proposed to include M. interfeles sp. nov. (and its unnamed relatives) and externally aberrant, undescribed species endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands. Apart from Anthomyzidae (M. interfeles sp. nov. only), the community of Diptera associated with H. murinum was dominated by phytophagous Chloropidae: Ceratobarys sacculicornis (Enderlein, 1911) occurred in extremely high numbers similar to those of M. interfeles sp. nov., while the less abundant Opetiophora sp. represents the first record of the genus from South America.
References
Barber K.N. & Roháček J. 2010. 81: Anthomyzidae (anthomyzid flies). In: Brown B.V., Borkent A., Cumming J.M., Wood D.M., Woodley N.E. & Zumbado M.A. (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2: 1073–1081. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Barber K.N. & Roháček J. 2020. Revision of Carexomyza Roháček with descriptions of three new Nearctic species (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 78 (1): 69–109. https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP78-1-2020-04
Cumming J.M. & Wood D.M. 2009. 2. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Brown B.V., Borkent A., Cumming J.M., Wood D.M., Woodley N.E. & Zumbado M.A. (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1: 9–50. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Cumming J.M. & Wood D.M. 2017. 2. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs A.H. & Sinclair B.J. (eds) Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1: Introductory Chapters and Keys to Diptera Families. Suricata 4: 89–133. SANBI Publishing, Pretoria.
Del Campo P., Luebert F. & Teillier S. 2005. Asociaciones vegetales de la Laguna de Batuco, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Chloris Chilensis 8 (1) unpaginated. Available from http://www.chlorischile.cl/batucopaula/batucoweb.htm [accessed 7 Jan. 2021].
Gärtner E., Rojas G. & Castro S.A. 2015. Compositional patterns of ruderal herbs in Santiago, Chile. Gayana Botánica 72 (2): 192–202. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432015000200003
Griffiths G.C.D. 1972. The Phylogenetic Classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha with Special Reference to the Structure of the Male Postabdomen. Dr. W. Junk N.V., The Hague.
Letunic I. & Bork P. 2016. Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: An online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. Nucleic Acids Research 44: 242–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw290
McAlpine J.F. 1989. 116. Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. In: McAlpine J.F. & Wood D.M. (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 3: 1397–1518. Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 32, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa.
Melander A.L. 1913. A synopsis of the dipterous groups Agromyzinae, Milichiinae, Ochthiphilinae and Geomyzinae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 21: 283–300.
Navas E. 1966. Gramíneas de los alrededores de Santiago. Moliniana 3: 15–26.
Roháček J. 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. European Journal of Entomology 95: 141–177.
Roháček J. 2006. A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera) Part 1. Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Opava (A) 55 (supplement 1): 1–328.
Roháček J. 2008. Revision of the genus Amygdalops Lamb, 1914 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) of the Oriental, Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 54: 325–400.
Roháček J. 2009. A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera) Part 2. Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Opava (A) 58 (supplement 1): 1–180.
Roháček J. 2018. First Anthomyzidae (Diptera) from China: a new genus, six new species and new records. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 35–76. https://doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0007
Roháček J. & Barber K.N. 2005. Revision of the New World species of Stiphrosoma Czerny (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie 55 (1): 1–107. https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.1.1-107
Roháček J. & Barber K.N. 2009. New reduced-winged species of Mumetopia Melander, with analysis of the relationships of this genus, Chamaebosca Speiser and allied genera (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 72 (3–4) [2008]: 191–215.
Roháček J. & Barber K.N. 2011. Quametopia, a new genus of Nearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with description of two new species, immature stages and life history. European Journal of Entomology 108: 287–326. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.038
Roháček J. & Barber K.N. 2016. Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (supplementum): 1–412.
Roháček J. & Tóthová A. 2014. Morphology versus DNA – what will bring clarity to the relationships of phylogenetically unclear genera of Anthomyzidae (Diptera)? Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72: 165–176.
Roháček J., Petráková L. & Tóthová A. 2019. Molecular phylogeny and timing of evolution of Anthomyza and related genera (Diptera: Anthomyzidae). Zoologica Scripta 48 (6): 745–760. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12373
Ugarte E., Lira F., Fuentes N. & Klotz S. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7 (3): 365–382. https://doi.org/10.15560/7.3.365
Zatwarnicki T. 1996. A new reconstruction of the origin of eremoneuran hypopygium and its implications for classification (Insecta: Diptera). Genus 7 (1): 103–175.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jindřich Roháček, Andrea Tóthová
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
