Four new genera of the Ceratonotus group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), including the description of two new species

  • Kai H. George Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Research DZMB, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Keywords: Antarctica, Crustacea, Cyprus, meiofauna, systematics

Abstract

In the framework of an ongoing extensive phylogenetic evaluation of the Ceratonotus group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Cletodidae), Poropsyllus menzelae gen. et sp. nov. from the sublittoral of south-western Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea) and Paratouphapleura aaroni gen. et sp. nov. from the western Weddell Sea (Antarctica) are described. Both new species fit the autapomorphies of the Ceratonotus group but cannot be assigned to any of the genera so far known. Instead, each new species presents a set of derived characters that justify their placement in new genera, Poropsyllus gen. nov. and Paratouphapleura gen. nov., respectively. Furthermore, a comparison of the species placed in Ceratonotus Sars revealed that because of exclusive morphological deviations, Ceratonotus concavus Conroy-Dalton, C. steiningeri George, C. tauroides George, and C. vareschii George should be excluded from Ceratonotus and transferred to a new monophylum, Tauroceratus gen. nov. Likewise, Polyascophorus monoceratus George, Wandeness & Santos is characterized by several apomorphies that justify its transfer from Polyascophorus to a new taxon, Pseudopolyascophorus gen. nov. The Ceratonotus group is therefore increased to 31 species assigned to 13 genera. The systematic modifications conducted and resulting phylogenetic consequences are discussed in detail.

References

Ax P. 1984. Das phylogenetische System. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Conroy-Dalton S. 2001. Systematics and phylogeny of the Ancorabolidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). II. Polyphyly of Polyascophorus and description of Arthuricornua, new genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21 (1): 170–191. https://doi.org/ffbtg2

Conroy-Dalton S. 2003a. Systematics and phylogeny of the Ancorabolidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). III. Description of two new species of Ceratonotus Sars and Dendropsyllus, new genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (1): 69–93. https://doi.org/cmdwvf

Conroy-Dalton S. 2003b. Systematics and phylogeny of the Ancorabolidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). IV. Redescription, ontogeny and position of Echinopsyllus normani. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 44 (2): 153–169. https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.DE07F430

Drzycimski I. 1967. Zwei neue Harpacticoida (Copepoda) aus dem westnorwegischen Küstengebiet. Sarsia 30: 77–81.

Fiers F. 1991. Three new harpacticoid copepods from the Santa Maria Basin off the Californian Pacific coast (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Beaufortia 42 (2): 13–47.

Fütterer D.K., Brandt A. & Poore G.C.B. (eds.). 2003. The expeditions ANTARKTIS-XIX/3–4 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN in 2002 (ANDEEP I and II: Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity – colonization history and recent community patterns). Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 470: 1–174.

George K.H. 1998. Polyascophorus, a new genus of Ancorabolidae (Crustacea, Copepoda), including the description of two new species and the re-allocation of Ceratonotus gorbunovi. Vie et Milieu 48 (3): 141–155.

George K.H. 2006a. New Ancorabolinae Sars, 1909 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ancorabolidae) of the Atlantic Ocean. Description of Pseudechinopsyllus sindemarkae gen. et sp. nov. and Dorsiceratus ursulae sp. nov. from the Great Meteor Seamount, and redescription of D. octocornis Drzycimski, 1967, and D. triarticulatus Coull, 1973 (part.). Meiofauna Marina 15: 123–156.

George K.H. 2006b. New Ancorabolinae Sars, 1909 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ancorabolidae) of the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean. The taxa Ceratonotus Sars, and Dendropsyllus Conroy-Dalton. Meiofauna Marina 15: 87–122.

George K.H. 2020. Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2): 455–498. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51349

George K.H. & Müller F. 2013. Characterization of a monophylum Echinocletodes, its exclusion from Ancorabolinae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), and displacement of E. bodini and E. walvisi to Cletodes, including the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3666 (2): 101–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.1

George K.H. & Plum C. 2009. Description of two new species of Dorsiceratus Drzycimski, 1967 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ancorabolidae) from Sedlo and Seine Seamounts (Northeastern Atlantic) and remarks on the phylogenetic status of the genus. Zootaxa 2096 (1): 257–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.15

George K.H. & Schminke H.K. 1998. First records of the genus Ceratonotus G. O. Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Ancorabolidae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with the description of two new species. Crustaceana 71: 801–817.

George K.H., Wandeness A.P. & Santos P.J.P. 2013. A new species of Ancorabolidae (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Campos Basin, Brazil, including a phylogenetic review of the taxon Polyascophorus George, 1998, and a key to its species. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.02.002

Gómez S. & Díaz K. 2017. On some new species of Ancorabolidae Sars, 1909 from the Gulf of California: the genera Ceratonotus Sars, 1909, and Dendropsyllus Conroy-Dalton, 2003 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida). ZooKeys 657: 43–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.10725

Gooday A.J., Holzmann M., Guiard J., Cornelius N. & Pawlowski J. 2004. A new monothalamous foraminiferan from 1000 to 6300 m water depth in the Weddell Sea: morphological and molecular characterisation. Deep-Sea Research II 51: 1603–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.025

Huys R. & Boxshall G.A. 1991. Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London.

Lang K. 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Königstein.

Lee J. & Huys R. 2019. New Ancorabolidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Korea: two new genera, revisionary notes and updated identification keys. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 331–377. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz019

Ockelmann K.W. 1964. An improved detritus sledge for collecting meiobenthos. Ophelia 1 (2): 217–222.

Por F.D. 1986. A re-evaluation of the family Cletodidae Sars, Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Syllogeus 58: 420–425.

Por F.D., Steinitz H., Ferber I. & Aron W. 1972. The biota of the Red Sea and the eastern Mediterranean (1967–1972). A survey of the marine life of Israel and surroundings. Israel Journal of Zoology 21: 459–523.

Sars G.O. 1909. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Parts 27 and 28. Cletodidae (concluded), Anchorabolidae, Cylindropsyllidae, Tachidiidae (part.). An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with Short Descriptions and Figures of all the Species 5: 305–336.

Schminke H.K. 1976. The ubiquitous telson and the deceptive furca. Crustaceana 30 (3): 292–299.

Smirnov S.S. 1946. New species of Copepoda Harpacticoida from the Arctic Ocean. Trudy Dreifuyuschei Ekspeditsii Glavsevmorputi na Ledokol'nom Parakhode 'G. Sedov' 1937–1940 3: 231–263. [In Russian, with English summary.]

Wandeness A.P., George K.H. & Santos P.J.P. 2009. First record of the taxon Echinopsyllus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae) from the deep sea of Campos Basin, Brazil, with the description of three new species and their contribution to phylogenetic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00479.x

Published
2021-10-05
How to Cite
GEORGE, K. H. (2021). Four new genera of the Ceratonotus group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), including the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 774(1), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1525
Section
Research article