Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil

  • Wilson J.E.M. Costa Laboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Teleost Fishes, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-638X
  • Caio R.M. Feltrin Av. Municipal, 45, Siderópolis, CEP 88860-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-7295
  • Axel M. Katz Laboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Teleost Fishes, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-7163
Keywords: comparative morphology, mountain biodiversity, osteology, Rio Uruguai basin

Abstract

During a field inventory directed at trichomycterine habitats, two new species of the genus Cambeva, C. alphabelardense sp. nov. and C. betabelardense sp. nov., were found in the Rio Chapecó drainage, an area under high environmental decline due to intensive soya monoculture. These species share a peculiar head morphology and some unique osteological features, besides having a size that is smaller than in any other congener, being herein considered to be more closely related to each other than to other taxa. They differ from each other by several characters, including head shape, fin morphology, number of jaw teeth and opercular odontodes, and mesethmoid and metapterygoid shape. Furthermore, they were found in the same area, but in distinct biotopes, with one species found buried in the remnants of tree ferns and other plants on the stream bottom, restricted to a small residual fragment of the original forest, and the other species inhabiting a stream with gravel and small stones on the bottom. Field studies indicate that these species are threatened with extinction. Robust phylogenetic studies are still necessary to test relationship hypotheses involving the new taxa here described.

References

Arratia G. & Huaquin L. 1995. Morphology of the lateral line system and of the skin of diplomystid and certain primitive loricarioid catfishes and systematic and ecological considerations. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 36: 1–110.

Bockmann F.A., Casatti L. & de Pinna M.C.C. 2004. A new species of trichomycterid catfish from the Rio Paranapanema, southeastern Brazil (Teleostei; Siluriformes), with comments on the phylogeny of the family. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 15: 225–242.

Costa W.J.E.M. 1992. Description de huit nouvelles espèces du genre Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), du Brésil oriental. Revue française d’Aquariologie et Herpetologie 18: 101–110.

Costa W.J.E.M. 2021. Comparative osteology, phylogeny and classification of the eastern South American catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Taxonomy 1 (2): 160–191. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1020013

Costa W.J.E.M. & Katz A.M. 2021. Integrative taxonomy supports high species diversity of south-eastern Brazilian mountain catfishes of the T. reinhardti group (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Systematics and Biodiversity 19: 601–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.1900947

Costa W.J.E.M., Feltrin C.R.M. & Katz A.M. 2020a. A new species from subtropical Brazil and evidence of multiple pelvic fin losses in catfishes of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96: 715–722. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.56247

Costa W.J.E.M., Katz A.M., Mattos J.L.O., Amorim P.F., Mesquita B.O., Vilardo P.J. & Barbosa M.A. 2020b. Historical review and redescription of three poorly known species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from south-eastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Journal of Natural History 53: 2905–2928. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1752406

Costa W.J.E.M., Feltrin C.R.M. & Katz A.M. 2021a. Filling distribution gaps: Two new species of the catfish genus Cambeva from southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97: 147–159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61006

Costa W.J.E.M., Feltrin C.R.M. & Katz A.M. 2021b. Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil. Zoosystema 43 (28): 659–690. https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a28

Costa W.J.E.M., Mattos J.L.O. & Katz A.M. 2021c. Two new catfish species from central Brazil comprising a new clade supported by molecular phylogeny and comparative osteology (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 293: 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.008

Ferrer J. & Malabarba L.R. 2013. Taxonomic review of the genus Trichomycterus Valenciennes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Laguna dos Patos system, Southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 11: 217–246.

Katz A.M., Barbosa M.A., Mattos J.L.O. & Costa W.J.E.M. 2018. Multigene analysis of the catfish genus Trichomycterus and description of a new South American trichomycterine genus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94: 557–566. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.29872

Lowe-McConnell R. 1987. Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Taylor W.R. & Van Dyke O.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107–109.

Wosiacki W.B. & de Pinna M. 2008a. Trichomycterus igobi, a new catfish species from the Rio Iguaçu drainage: the largest head in Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Neotropical Ichthyology 6: 17–23.

Wosiacki W.B. & de Pinna M. 2008b. A new species of the Neotropical catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) representing a new body shape for the family. Copeia 2008: 273–278.

Wosiacki W.B. & Garavello J.C. 2004. Five new species of Trichomycterus from the Iguaçu (Rio Paraná Basin), southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 15: 1–16.

Published
2022-02-21
How to Cite
Costa, W. J., Feltrin, C. R., & Katz, A. M. (2022). Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy, 794(1), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1661
Section
Research article