Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Abstract
The South American Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot, and a relevant area for conservation due to its high level of endemism and great loss of habitat. One of its endemic taxa is the genus Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), including 12 species that occur from the State of Rio de Janeiro to Pernambuco in Brazil. The last taxonomic treatment of Hornschuchia was carried out 27 years ago. Since that time, two new species have been described and new specimens of known species have been collected, expanding our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of the genus. Hornschuchia, as an endemic genus in a threatened environment, deserves special attention. For this reason, we updated the taxonomic treatment of Hornschuchia, including the recently described species in the key, preparing illustrations, updating the descriptions of the species, clarifying and correcting information regarding the historical and type collections, providing preliminary conservation statuses, and analyzing patterns of endemism and richness for the genus. One species is preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered, nine are Endangered, one is Vulnerable and one is of Least Concern. The coast of Bahia is a priority place for conservation for Hornschuchia as its center of species diversity.
References
Agardh J.G. 1858. Theoria systematis plantarum. C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund.
Amaro R. 2016. Hornschuchia alba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T107250351A107302123. Available from https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T107250351A107302123.pt [accessed 1 Apr. 2021].
Amorim E., Moraes M., Martinelli G., Lopes J.C. & Erkens R.H.J. 2020a. Hornschuchia cauliflora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T152422953A176135070. Available from https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T152422953A176135070.pt [accessed 1 Apr. 2021].
Amorim E., Martinelli G., Lopes J.C. & Erkens RH.J. 2020b. Hornschuchia obliqua. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T152423629A176126802. Available from https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T152423629A176126802.pt [accessed 1 Apr. 2021].
Bachman S., Moat J., Hill. A.W., Torre J. & Scott B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Bazante M.L. & Alves M. 2021. New records of Annonaceae in the Northeast Brazil. Acta Brasiliensis 5 (1): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338449
Botanic Gardens Conservation Internacional (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. 2019. Hornschuchia bryotrophe. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T143325327A143325329. Available from https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T143325327A143325329.en [accessed 1 Apr. 2021].
Brasil. 2006. Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA). Lei n. 11.428, de 22 de dezembro de 2006. Dispõe sobre a utilização e proteção da vegetação nativa do Bioma Mata Atlântica, e dá outras providências. Presidência da República, Casa Civil, Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos, Brasília. Available from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11428.htm [accessed 4 Feb. 2022].
Carnaval A.C., Hickerson M.J., Haddad C.F.B., Rodrigues M.T.& Moritz C. 2009. Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. Science 323 (5915): 785–789. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1166955
Chatrou L.W., Pirie M.D., Erkens R.H.J., Couvreur T.L.P., Neubig K.M.J., Abbott R., Mols J.B., Maas J.W., Saunders R.M.K. & Chase M.W. 2012. A new subfamilial and tribal classification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae informed by molecular phylogenetics. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 169: 5–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01235.x
Edler D., Guedes T., Zizka A. Rosvall M. & Antonelli A. 2017. Infomap Bioregions: Interactive mapping of biogeographical regions from species distributions. Systematic Biology 66 (2): 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syw087
Endress P.K. 2010. Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology: Patterns and diversity of reproductive shoot ramification in angiosperms. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (4): 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00087.x
Fries R.E. 1900. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Süd-Amerikanischen Anonaceen. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 34 (5): 1−59.
Fries R.E. 1931. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen - II. Acta Horti Bergiani 10 (2): 129−341.
Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica 2020. Atlas dos Remanescentes Florestais da Mata Atlântica Período 2018–2019. Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, São Paulo. Available from http://mapas.sosma.org.br/dados/ [accessed 31 Jan. 2022].
Galindo-Leal C. & Camara I.G. 2005. Status do hotspot Mata Atlântica: uma síntese. In: Galindo-Leal C. & Camara I.G. (eds) Mata Atlântica: Biodiversidade, Ameaças e Perspectivas: 3–12. Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, Conservação Internacional, Belo Horizonte, São Paulo.
Gallagher C.L. & Moraes P.L.R. 2014. Hidden treasures: Brazilian plants collected by Prince Maximilian zu Wied held in the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL). Muelleria 32: 58–71.
Gouvêa J.B.S., Mattos Silva L.A. & Hori M. 1976 1. Fitogeografia. In: Diagnóstico socioeconômico da Região cacaueira Vol. 7: 1–7. Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira and the Instituto Interamericano de Ciências Agricolas-OEA., Recursos Florestais, Ilhéus.
Hallier H. 1903. Über Hornschuchia Nees und Mosenodendron R.E. Fries, sowie über einige Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Anonaceen. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 13: 361–367.
Hasenack H., da Silva J. S., Weber E. & Hofmann G.S. 2017. A digital version of Hueckʼs vegetation map of South America: 50 years after the release of his book on the sub-continentʼs forests. Geografía y Sistemas de Información Geográfica 9: 1–5.
Hickey L.J. 1979. A revised classification on the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. In: Metcalfe C.R. & Chalk L. (eds) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, Second Edition: 25–39. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Hijmans R.J. & van Etten J. 2012. raster: Geographic analysis and modeling with raster data. R package version 2.0-12. Available from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster [accessed 13 Jun 2022].
Instituto Brasileiro De Geografia E Estatística (IBGE). 2012. Manual técnico da Vegetação brasileira: Sistema fitogeográfico, Inventário das Formações florestais e campestres, Técnicas e Manejo de Coleções botânicas, Procedimentos para Mapeamentos. IBGE, Diretoria de Geociências, Rio de Janeiro.
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Ver. 3.1., Second Edition. UCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL-2001-001-2nd.pdf [accessed 14 Jun. 2022].
JSTOR. 2021. Global Plants. Available from https://plants.jstor.org/ [accessed 28 Sep. 2021].
Johnson D.M. & Mello-Silva R. 1993. A new species of Hornschuchia (Annonaceae) from Atlantic Brazil, with comments on the circumscription of the genus Trigynaea. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 19: 259–263.
Johnson D.M. & Murray N.A. 1995. Synopsis of the tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), with revisions of Cardiopetalum, Froesiodendron, Trigynaea, Bocagea, and Hornschuchia. Brittonia 47: 248–319. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807118
Junikka L., Maas P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer H. & Westra L.Y.TH. 2016. Revision of Oxandra (Annonaceae). Blumea 61 (3): 215–266. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916X694283
Landau E.C., Hirsch A. & Musinsky J. 2008. Vegetation cover and land in the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil, based on satellite imagery: a comparison among municipalities. In: Thomas W.W. (ed.) The Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 100: 221–244.
Lobão A.Q. 2017. A new species of Trigynaea (Annonaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Phytotaxa 309: 193–196. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.2.13
Lopes J.C. & Mello-Silva R. 2014. Annonaceae da Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo. Rodriguésia 6: 599–635. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201465304
Lopes J.C., Vilela L. & Johnson D.M. 2021. Hornschuchia mellosilvae (Annonaceae) a new species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 520: 273–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.3.6
Maas P.J.M., Heusden E.C.H. van, Koek-Noorman J., Setten A.K. van & Westra L.Y.T.H. 1986. Studies in Annonaceae. VII. New species from the Neotropics and miscellaneous notes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C: Biological and Medical Sciences 89 (3): 249−278.
Maas P.J.M., Heusden E.C.H. van, Koek-Noorman J., Setten A.K. van & Westra L.Y.T.H. 1988. Studies in Annonaceae. IX. New species from the Neotropics and miscellaneous notes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C: Biological and Medical Sciences 91 (3): 243−282.
Martini A.M.Z., Fiaschi P., Amorim A.M. & Paixão J.L. 2007. A hot-point within a hot-spot: A high diversity site in Brazilʼs Atlantic Forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 16 (11): 3111–3128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9166-6
Mello-Silva R. & Lopes J.C. 2020. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest genus Bocagea (Annonaceae) revisited, with two new species. Phytotaxa 475: 279–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.4.5
Mello-Silva R., Lopes J.C. & Pirani J.R. 2012. Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Annonaceae. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 30: 37–56. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9052.v30i1p23-35
Mello-Silva R., Lopes J.C. & Johnson D.M. 2021. The new inland Hornschuchia mediterranea (Annonaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 483: 285–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.3.8
Mildbraed J. 1922. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1910–1911, unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Verlag von Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig.
Miquel F.A.G. 1856. Ebenaceae. In: Martius C. (ed.) Flora Brasiliensis, Vol. 7: 1–19. Frid. Fleischer in Comm., Munich.
Moraes P.L.R., De Smedt S. & Esser H.J. 2016. Supplement to the “Catalogue of Brazilian plants collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied”. Plant Ecology and Evolution 149: 308–315. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2016.1160
Moraes M., Crispim G., Lopes J.C. & Erkens R.H.J. 2020. Hornschuchia myrtillus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T152423480A169291848. Available from https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T152423480A169291848.pt [accessed 1 Apr. 2021].
Mori S.A. & Silva L.A.M. 1979. The herbarium of the “Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau” at Itabuna, Brazil. Brittonia 31: 177–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806174
Murray N.A. 1993. Revision of Cymbopetalum and Porcelia (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 40: 1–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027830
Murray-Smith C., Brummitt N.A., Oliveira-Filho A.T., Bachman S., Moat J., Lughadha E.M.N. & Lucas E.J. 2009. Plant diversity hotspots in the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. Conservation Biology 23 (1):151–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01075.x
Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., Fonseca G.A.B. & Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853– 858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Nees C.G. 1821. II. Notizen. Reise des Prinzen von Neuwied. Flora; oder, Botanische Zeitung: welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält 4: 294–304.
Nees C.G. 1822. Hornschuchia, novum Plantarum Brasiliensium genus. Denkschriften der Königlich-Baierischen Botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg 2: 159–164.
Oliveira‐Filho A. & Fontes M. 2000. Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests in Southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate. Biotropica 32 (4b): 793–810.
Ostroski P., Saiter F.Z., Amorim A.M. & Fiaschi P. 2018. Endemic angiosperms in Bahia Coastal Forests, Brazil: an update using a newly delimited area. Biota Neotropica 18 (4): e20180544. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0544
Peixoto A.L., Silva I.M., Pereira O.J., Simonelli M., Jesus R.M. & Rolim S.G. 2008. Tabuleiro Forests North of the Rio Doce: Their representation in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil. In: Thomas W.W. (ed.) The Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 100: 19–350.
Peres E.A., Pinto-da-Rocha R., Lohmann L.G., Michelangeli F. A., Miyaki C.Y., & Carnaval A.C. 2020. Patterns of species and lineage diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. In: Rull V. & Carnaval A.C. (eds) Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes: 415−447. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_16
QGIS Development Team. 2021. QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS Association. Available from http://www.qgis.org [accessed 24 Oct. 2021].
R Core Team. 2021. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from https://www.R-project.org/ [accessed 13 Jul. 2022].
REFLORA. 2021. Herbário Virtual . Available from http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ [accessed 28 Sep. 2021].
Saint-Hilaire A.F.C.P. 1825. Anonaceae. In: Flora Brasiliae meridionalis. Vol. 1. A: 28–43. Belin, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45474
Saiter F.Z., Brown J.L., Thomas W.W., Oliveira-Filho A.T. & Carnaval A.C. 2016. Environmental correlates of floristic regions and plant turnover in the Atlantic Forest hotspot. Journal of Biogeography 43 (12): 2322–2331. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12774
Santos M.M., Cavalcanti D.R., Silva J.M.C. & Tabarelli M. 2007. Biogeographical relationships among tropical forests in north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Biogeography 34 (3):437–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01604.x
Schatz G.E. & Wendt T. 2004. A new flagelliflorous species of Stenanona (Annonaceae) from Mexico, with a review of the phenomenon of flagelliflory. Lundellia 2004 (7): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.25224/1097-993X-7.1.28
Setten A.K. van & Koek-Noorman J. 1992. Studies in Annonaceae. XVII. Fruits and seeds of Annonaceae: morphology and its significance for classification and identification. Bibliotheca Botanica 142: 1–152
Silva J.M.C., Sousa M.C. & Castelletti C.H.M. 2004. Areas of endemism for passerine birds in the Atlantic forest, South America. Global Ecology and Biogeography 13: 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00077.x
Sprengel K. 1827. Systema vegetabilium. Editio decima sexta curante Curtio Sprengel. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichlanae, Göttingen.
Theobald W.L., Krahulik J.L. & Rollins R.C. 1979. Trichome description and classification. In: Metcalf C.R. & Chalk L. (eds) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons: 40–53. Claredon Press, Oxford.
Thiers B. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Gardenʼs Virtual Herbarium. Available from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ [accessed 22 Feb. 2021].
Thomas W.W. & Barbosa M.R.V. 2008. Natural vegetation types in the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. In: Thomas W.W. (ed.) The Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 100: 6–20.
Thomas W.W., Jardim J.G., Fiaschi P. & Amorim A.M. 2003. Lista preliminar das Angiospermas localmente endêmicas do Sul da Bahia e Norte do Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Prado P.I., Landau E.C., Moura R.T., Pinto L.P.S., Fonseca G.A.B. & Alger K. (orgs) Corredor de Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia. Published on CD-ROM, IESB/ CI/ CABS/ UFMG/ UNICAMP, Ilhéus.
Topel M., Calio M., Zizka A., Scharn R., Silvestro D. & Antonelli A. 2016. SpeciesGeoCoder: Fast categorisation of species occurrences for analyses of biodiversity, biogeography, ecology and evolution. Systematic Biology 66 (2): 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syw064
Tsou C-H & Johnson D.M. 2003. Comparatibe development of aseptate and septate anthers of Annonaceae. American Journal of Botany 90 (6): 832–848. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.6.832
Verdcourt B. 1970. A new genus of Annonaceae from the East African Coastal Forests. Kew Bulletin 24: 449–453. https://doi.org/10.2307/4102847
Zizka A., Silvestro D., Andermann T., Azevedo J., Duarte Ritter C., Edler D., Farooq H., Herdean A., Ariza M., Scharn R., Svantesson S., Wengström N., Zizka V. & Antonelli A. 2019. CoordinateCleaner: standardized cleaning of occurrence records from biological collection databases. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10 (5): 744–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13152
Weberling F. 1989. Morphology of Flowers and Inflorescences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Copyright (c) 2022 Lucas Vilela, Jenifer de Carvalho Lopes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
