Cladoceras rovumense sp. nov. (Gentianales-Rubiaceae), a new species from southeast Tanzania and northeast Mozambique
Abstract
Following a review of the circumscription of the genus Cladoceras Bremek. (Rubiaceae) in relation to Tarenna Gaertn., the new species Cladoceras rovumense I.Darbysh., J.E.Burrows & Q.Luke sp. nov. is described from the dry forests of the Rovuma Centre of Plant Endemism (CoE) in southeast Tanzania and northeast Mozambique. This species has previously been known as Tarenna sp. 53, following the revision of African Tarenna by Jérôme Degreef. A comparison to Cladoceras subcapitatum (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Bremek., the only other member of this genus as currently circumscribed, is provided. The new species is assessed as Endangered under the criteria of the IUCN Red List. New records for Mozambique of two further Rovuma CoE endemics are recorded: Celosia patentiloba C.C.Towns. (Amaranthaceae) and Cordia fissistyla Vollesen (Boraginaceae), both of which are globally threatened.
References
Antonelli A., Clarkson J.J., Kainulainen K., Maurin O., Brewer G.E., Davis A.P., Epitawalage N., Goyder D.J., Livshultz T., Persson C., Pokorny L., Straub S.C.K., Struwe L., Zuntini A.R., Forest F. & Baker W.J. 2021. Settling a family feud: A high-level phylogenomic framework for the Gentianales based on 353 nuclear genes and partial plastomes. American Journal of Botany 108: 1143–1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1697
Bachman S., Moat J., Hill A.W., De la Torre J. & Scott B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Beentje H.J., Gereau R.E., Hilton-Taylor C., Howard G., Kindeketa W., Luke W.R.Q., Maunder M., Mwachala G., Mwangoka M., Ndangalasi H., Njau E.-F., Schatz G.E., Siro Masinde P. & Wilkins V.L. 2020. Cordia fissistyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T157963A754782. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T157963A754782.en
Bremekamp C.E.B. 1940. Cladoceras subcapitatum (K.Schum. et K.Krause) Bremek. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 35: t. 3411.
Bridson D. & Verdcourt B. 1988. Rubiaceae (Part 2). In: Polhill R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Burrows J. & Timberlake J. 2011. Mozambique’s centres of endemism, with special reference to the Rovuma Centre of Endemism of NE Mozambique and SE Tanzania. South African Journal of Botany 77: 518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.003
Burrows J., Burrows S., Lötter M. & Schmidt E. 2018. Trees and Shrubs Mozambique. Publishing Print Matters, Noordhoek, Cape Town.
Burrows J.E. 2009. Tarenna pembensis and Pavetta curalicola, two new species of Rubiaceae from northern Mozambique. Kew Bulletin 64: 689–693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9160-0
Cheek M., Poveda L.L. & Molmou D. 2015. Tarenna hutchinsonii (Rubiaceae) redelimited, and T. agnata described from W Africa. Kew Bulletin 70, 12: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-015-9560-2
Clarke G.P. 2001. The Lindi local centre of endemism in SE Tanzania. Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 1063–1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668738
Darbyshire I., Anderson S., Asatryan A., Byfield A., Cheek M., Clubbe C., Ghrabi Z., Harris T., Heatubun C.D., Kalema J., Magassouba S., McCarthy B., Milliken W., De Montmollin B., Nic Lughadha E., Onana J.M., Saïdou D., Sarbu A., Shrestha K. & Radford E.A. 2017. Important plant areas: revised selection criteria for a global approach to plant conservation. Biodiversity & Conservation 26: 1767–1800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1336-6
Darbyshire I., Timberlake J., Osborne J., Rokni S., Matimele H., Langa C., Datizua C., De Sousa C., Alves T., Massingue A., Hadj-Hammou J., Dhanda S., Shah T. & Wursten B. 2019. The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status. PhytoKeys 136: 45–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.136.39020
Darbyshire I., Goyder D., Wood J., Banze A. & Burrows J. 2020. Further new species and records from the coastal dry forests and woodlands of the Rovuma Centre of Endemism. Plant Ecology and Evolution 153: 427–445. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1727
De Block P., Degreef J. & Robbrecht E. 2001. Reinstatement of the Afro-Malagasy genus Coptosperma (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae, Pavetteae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 455–492. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668694
De Block P., Razafimandimbison S.G., Janssens S., Ochoterena H., Robbrecht E. & Bremer B. 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae). Taxon 64: 79–95. https://doi.org/10.12705/641.19
Degreef J. 2006. Revision of continental African Tarenna (Rubiaceae-Pavetteae). Opera Botanica Belgica 14: 1–150.
Degreef J., De Block P. & Robbrecht E. 2001. A survey of continental African Coptosperma (Rubiaceae, Pavetteae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 367–382. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668685
Howard G., Kamau P., Kindeketa W., Luke W.R.Q., Lyaruu H.V.M., Malombe I., Maunder M., Mwachala G., Njau E.-F., Peres Q., Schatz G.E., Siro Masinde P., Ssegawa P., Wabuyele E. & Wilkins V.L. 2020. Celosia patentiloba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T157997A756253. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T157997A756253.en
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2nd Edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland. Available from http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria [accessed 9 Aug. 2021].
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines [accessed 9 Aug. 2021].
IUCN World Heritage Outlook. 2020. Selous Game Reserve. Available from https://www.worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/5005 [accessed 3 Sept. 2021].
Robbrecht E. & Bridson D.M. 1984. The taxonomic position of the East African genus Cladoceras (Rubiaceae). Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 117: 247–251.
Shorthouse D.P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from http://www.simplemappr.net [accessed 9 Aug. 2021].
Thiers B. Continuously updated. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ [accessed 1 Aug. 2021].
Timberlake J., Goyder D., Crawford F., Burrows J.E., Clarke G.P., Luke Q., Matimele H., Müller T., Pascal O., De Sousa C. & Alves T. 2011. Coastal dry forests in northern Mozambique. Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 126–137. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.539
Townsend C.C. 1975. Celosia patentiloba. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 38: 41, t. 3732.
Townsend C.C. 1985. Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam.
UNESCO. 2021. List of World Heritage in Danger. Available from https://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/ [accessed 3 Sept. 2021].
Verdcourt B. 1991. Boraginaceae. In: Polhill R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Vollesen K. 1981. A new species of Cordia (Boraginaceae) from Tanzania. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 325–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1981.tb00700.x
Wabuyele E., Sitoni D., Njau E.-F., Mboya E.I., Lyaruu H.V.M., Kindeketa W., Kalema J., Kabuye C., Kamau P., Luke W.R.Q., Malombe I., Mollel N., Schatz G.E. & Ssegawa P. 2020. Hugonia grandiflora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T158188A765731. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T158188A765731.en
Copyright (c) 2022 Iain Darbyshire, John E. Burrows, Quentin Luke, Clayton Langa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
