A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Abstract
Three new species of the family Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri, 1896 from the Udzungwa Mountains are described: Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov., and Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov. Several additional, unidentifiable pyrgodesmids from the Udzungwa Mountains are recorded. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 (Cryptodesmidae Karsch, 1880), is recorded from the East Usambara (type locality), West Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru (Kanga) and Udzungwa Mountains, and its variation in size and body ring numbers is analyzed. The surface sculpture of pro- and metazonites is discussed.
References
Akkari N. & Enghoff H. 2011. On some surface structures of potential taxonomic importance in families of the suborders Polydesmidea and Dalodesmidea (Polydesmida, Diplopoda). ZooKeys 156: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2134
Attems G. 1940. Myriapoda 3 Polydesmoidea III. Fam. Polydesmidae, Vanhoeffenidae, Cryptodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae, Sphaerotrichopidae, Peridontodesmidae, Rhachidesmidae, Macellolophidae, Pandiro-desmidae. Das Tierreich 70: 1–577.
Brolemann H.-W. 1926. Myriapodes recueillis en Afrique occidentale Française par M. l’Administrateur en chef L. Duboscq. Archive de Zoologie expérimentale et générale 65: 1–159.
David J.-F. & Geoffroy J.-J. 2011. Additional moults into ‘elongatus’ males in laboratory-reared Polydesmus angustus Latzel, 1884 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae) – implications for taxonomy. ZooKeys 156: 41–48.
Enghoff H. 2014. A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 100: 1–75. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.100
Enghoff H. 2016a. A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several ‘orphaned’ species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 177: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.177
Enghoff H. 2016b. A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania. With notes on “P.” fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 215: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.215
Enghoff H. 2016c. A mountain of millipedes V: Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 221: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.221
Enghoff H. 2018a. A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus, and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 394: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.394
Enghoff H. 2018b. A mountain of millipedes VII. The genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, and related species from other Eastern Arc mountains. With notes on Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, and Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 445: 1–90. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.445
Enghoff H. 2020. A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited – a new species from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mountains, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 626: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.626
Enghoff H. & Frederiksen S.B. 2015. A mountain of millipedes II: The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 – five new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and one from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 150: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.150
Enghoff H., Dohle W. & Blower J.G. 1993. Anamorphosis in millipedes (Diplopoda) – the present state of knowledge with some developmental and phylogenetic considerations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109: 103–234.
Enghoff H., Golovatch S., Short M., Stoev P. & Wesener T. 2015. Diplopoda – Taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A. (ed.) The Myriapoda 2. Treatise on Zoology – Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology: 363–453. Brill, Leiden / Boston.
Geoffroy J.-J. & Célérier M.-L. 1996. Cycles d’activité comparés de populations de diplopodes édaphiques dans un écosystème forestier temperé. Mémoires du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle 169: 533–554.
Golovatch S.I. 2019. The millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907 revisited, with descriptions of two new Oriental species. Arthropoda Selecta 28: 179–190.
Golovatch S.I. & Sierwald P. 2001. Review of the millipede genus Poratia Cook & Cook, 1894 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta 9 (3): 181–192.
Golovatch S.I. & VandenSpiegel D. 2014. Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 1 (Diplopoda Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta 23: 319–335.
Golovatch S.I. & VandenSpiegel D. 2015. A new species of the millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907, from Myanmar (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta 24: 27–31.
Golovatch S.I., Stoev P. & VandenSpiegel D. 2010. New or poorly-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from Papua New Guinea, 2. Arthropoda Selecta 19: 129–143.
Golovatch S.I., Geoffroy J.J. & VandenSpiegel D. 2013, A new species of the millipede genus Crypto-corypha Attems, 1907, from Vanuata, Melanesia, southwestern Pacific (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta 22 (4): 333–337.
Golovatch S.I., Nzoko Fiemapong A.R. & VandenSpiegel D. 2015. Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 2 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta 24: 387–400.
Golovatch S. I., Geoffroy J.-J., Mauriès J.P. & VandenSpiegel D. 2016. Detailed iconography of the widespread Neotropical millipede, Myrmecodesmus hastatus (Schubart, 1945), and the first record of the species from the Caribbean area (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). Fragmenta Faunistica 59: 1–6.
Golovatch S.I., Nzoko Fiemapong A.R. & VandenSpiegel D. 2017. Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 3 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta 26: 175–215.
Hoffman R.I. 1978. A new genus and species of thelydesmine millipeds from Tanzania. Revue de Zoologie africaine 92 (3): 753–760.
Hoffman R.I. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève.
Kunene C., Foord S.H., Scharff N., Pape T., Malumbres-Olarte J. & Munyai T.C. 2022. Ant diversity declines with increasing elevation along the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Diversity 14 (4): e260. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040260
Likhitrakarn N., Golovatch S.I., Srisonchai R., Sutcharit C. & Panha S. 2019. A new species of the millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907, from northern Thailand (Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). ZooKeys 833: 121–132. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.32413
Mauriès J.-P. & Maurin M. 1981. Pyrgodesmidae et Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) de la forêt de Téké, Côte d’Ivoire. Bulletin du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 4e sér. 3A(1): 187–202.
Mesibov R. & Churchill T.B. 2003. Patterns in pitfall captures of millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) at coastal heathland sites in Tasmania. Australian Zoologist 32: 431–438.
Olsen S.A., Rosenmejer T. & Enghoff H. 2020. A mountain of millipedes IX: Species of the family Gomphodesmidae from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 675: 1–35. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.675
Orbach R. & Su X. 2020. Surfing on membrane waves: microvilli, curved membranes, and immune signaling. Frontiers in Immunology 11 (2187): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02187
Scharff N., Rovero F., Jensen F.P. & Brøgger-Jensen S. (eds). 2015. Udzungwa. Tales of Discovery in an East African Rainforest. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen and MUSE – Science Museum, Trento, Italy.
Schubart O. 1955. Proterospermophora oder Polydesmoidea von französich West-Afrika (Diplopoda). Bulletin de l’Institut français de l’Afrique noire 17 sér. A 2: 377–443.
Simonsen Å. 1990. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Millipede Order Polydesmida, with Special Emphasis on the Suborder Polydesmidea. PhD thesis, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Norway.
VandenSpiegel D. & Golovatch S. 2012. The millipede family Ammodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in western Africa. ZooKeys 221: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3739
VandenSpiegel D. & Golovatch S. 2015. A new millipede of the family Ammodesmidae found in central Africa (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). ZooKeys 483: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9150
Wolff J.O., Seiter M. & Gorb S.N. 2017. The water-repellent cerotegument of whip-spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Arthropod Structure & Development 46: 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.010
Copyright (c) 2022 Henrik Enghoff
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.