Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil
Abstract
Scaphidiinae (shining fungus beetles) is a subfamily of Staphylinidae generally associated with fungi and slime moulds. They are distributed worldwide, but the Brazilian fauna is poorly known. In this manuscript, twenty new species assigned to five genera are described: Cyparium fugitivum sp. nov., Alexidia convivalis sp. nov., A. solitaria sp. nov., Baeocera ardua sp. nov., B. bottine sp. nov., B. colibri sp. nov., B. facilis sp. nov., B. inusitata sp. nov., B. pulga sp. nov., Scaphisoma hilarum sp. nov., S. infinitum sp. nov., S. mutabile sp. nov., S. peculiare sp. nov., Toxidium brigadeirense sp. nov., T. distortum sp. nov., T. fleche sp. nov., T. inusitatum sp. nov., T. scalenum sp. nov., T. speratum sp. nov. and T. ultimum sp. nov. The specimens were collected in remnants of Atlantic Forest, in Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil, directly from the host (fungi and/or slime moulds). Descriptions include host associations, illustrations of the external and internal morphology of adult males and females, whenever it is possible. Also, an illustrated key to the Brazilian genera and their respective diagnoses is provided.
References
Achard J. 1920. Notes sur les Scaphidiidae de la faune Indo-Malaise. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 60: 123–136.
Achard J. 1922a. Essai de groupement des espèces du genre Scaphidium Ol. (Col. Scaphidiidae). Fragments entomologiques: 10–13.
Achard J. 1922b. Descriptions de scaphidides nouveaux (Col. Scaphidiidae). Fragments entomologiques: 35–45.
Achard J. 1923. Revision des Scaphidiidae de la faune japonaise. Fragments entomologiques: 94–120.
Achard J. 1924. Essai d’une subdivision nouvelle de la famille des Scaphidiidae. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 65: 25–31.
Agassiz L. 1846. Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. In: Agassiz L. (ed.) Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris, in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in singulis classibus: fasc. 12, Jent and Gassmann, Solothurn. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49761
Blackburn T. 1903. Further notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 27: 91–182.
Casey T.L. 1893. Coleopterological notices V. Scaphidiidae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 7: 510–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1893.tb55411.x
Casey T.L. 1900. Review of the American Corylophidae, Cryptophagidae, Tritomidae and Dermestidae, with other studies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 8: 51–172.
Cornell J.F. 1967. A taxonomic study of Eubaeocera new genus (Coleoptera: Scaphidiidae) in North America north of Mexico. The Coleopterists Bulletin 21: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.372462
Crowson R.A. 1938. The metendosternite in Coleoptera: a comparative study. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 87 (17): 397–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1938.tb00723.x
Erichson W.F. 1845. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abteilung. Coleoptera. Dritter Band. Lieferung 1. Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8270
Fairmaire L. 1898. Matériaux pour la faune coléoptérique de la région malgache, 5e note. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 42: 222–260.
Fierros-López H.E. 2005. Revisión del género Scaphidium Olivier, 1790 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) de México y Céntroamerica. Dugesiana 12: 1–152.
Friedrich F. & Beutel R.G. 2006. The pterothoracic skeletomuscular system of Scirtoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) and its implications for the high-level phylogeny of beetles. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44 (4): 290–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00369.x
Ganglbauer L. 1899. Die Käfer von Mitteleuropa. Die Käfer der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, Deutschlands, der Schweiz, sowie des französischen und italienischen Alpengebietes. Dritter Band. Staphylinoidea. Vol. 2: Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Clambidae, Leptinidae, Platypsyllidae, Corylophidae, Sphaeriidae, Trichopterygidae, Hydroscaphidae, Scaphidiidae, Histeridae. Familienreihe Clavicornia. Sphaeritidae, Ostomidae, Byturidae, Nitidulidae, Cucujidae, Erotylidae, Phalacridae, Thorictidae, Lathridiidae, Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae, Endomychidae, Coccinellidae. Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Vienna.
Gestro R. 1879. Note sopre alcuni coleotteri dell’Arcipelago Malese e specialmente delle isole della Sonda. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova [1879–1880] 15: 49–62.
Harris R.A. 1979. A glossary of surface sculpturing. Occasional Papers in Entomology 28: 1–31.
Hübler N. & Klass K.D. 2013. The morphology of the metendosternite and the anterior abdominal venter in Chrysomelinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 71 (1): 3–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.71.e31762
Jałoszyński P. 2012. Taxonomy of ‘Euconnus complex’. Part I. Morphology of Euconnus s. str. and revision of Euconnomorphus Franz and Venezolanoconnus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 3555 (1): 55–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3555.1.3
Laporte F.L.N. de Caumont (Comte de Castelnau). 1840. Histoire naturelle des insectes coléoptères; avec une introduction renfermant l’anatomie et la physiologie des animaux articulés, par M. Brullé; ouvrage accompagné de 155 planches gravées sur acier représentant plus de 800 sujets. Vol. 2. P. Duménil, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47104
Latreille P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes: ouvrage faisant suite aux Oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d’histoire naturelle rédigé par CS Sonnini. Vol. 73. F. Dulart, Paris.
Latreille P.A. 1806. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, Secundem Ordinem Naturalem in Familias Dispositas, Iconibus Exemplisque Plurimus Explicata. Vol 2: [1807]. Amand Koenig, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65741
Latreille P.A. 1810. Considérations générales sur l’ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustacés, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Schoell, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39620
Lawrence J.F. & Newton Jr. A.F. 1980. Coleoptera associated with the fruiting bodies of slime moulds (Myxomycetes). The Coleopterists Bulletin 34: 129–143.
Lawrence J.F. & Ślipiński A. 2013. Australian Beetles. Vol. 1. Morphology, Classification and Keys. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643097292
Lawrence J.F., Zhou Y.-L. Lemann C., Sinclair B. & Ślipiński A. 2021. The hind wing of Coleoptera (Insecta): morphology, nomenclature and phylogenetic significance. Part 1. General discussion and Archostemata–Elateroidea. Annales Zoologici 71 (3): 421–606. https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2021.71.3.001
Leach W.E. 1815. Entomology. In: Brewster D. (ed.) Edingburg Encyclopaedia 9: 57–172.
LeConte J.L. 1860. Synopsis of the Scaphidiidae of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 321–324.
Leschen R.A.B. 1994. Retreat-building by larval Scaphidiinae (Staphylinidae). Mola 4: 3–5.
Leschen R.A.B. & Löbl I. 1995. Phylogeny of Scaphidiinae with redefinition of tribal and generic limits (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 102 (2): 425–474. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80472
Leschen R.A.B. & Löbl I. 2005. Phylogeny and classification of Scaphisomatini Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae with notes on mycophagy, termitophily, and functional morphology. Coleopterists Society Monographs 3: 1–63. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0001:PACOSS]2.0.CO;2
Leschen R.A.B., Löbl I. & Stephen K. 1990. Review of the Ozark Highland Scaphisoma (Coleoptera: Scaphidiidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 44: 274–294.
Lewis G. 1893. On some Japanese Scaphidiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 11: 288–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939308677525
Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Secundum Classes, Ordines, genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Löbl I. 1967. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Arten der Gattung Baeocera Er. Opuscula zoologica 97: 1–3.
Löbl I. 1970. Revision der paläarktischen Arten der Gattungen Scaphisoma Leach und Caryoscapha Ganglbauer der Tribus Scaphisomini (Col. Scaphidiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 77: 727–799. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.75925
Löbl I. 1971. Scaphidiidae von Ceylon (Coleoptera). Revue suisse de Zoologie 78: 937–1006. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.97084
Löbl I. 1974. New species of the genus Amalocera Erichson from Brazil (Coleoptera, Scaphidiidae). Studies on the Neotropical Fauna 9: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650527409360468
Löbl I. 1975a. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scaphidiidae (Coleoptera) von Neuguinea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 82: 369–420. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.78265
Löbl I. 1975b. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der orientalischen Scaphisomini (Coleoptera, Scaphidiidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 48: 269–290.
Löbl I. 1984. Contribution à la connaissance des Baeocera du Japon (Coleoptera, Scaphidiidae). Archives des Sciences 37: 181–192.
Löbl I. 1992. The Scaphidiidae (Coleoptera) of the Nepal Himalaya. Revue suisse de Zoologie 99: 471–627. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79841
Löbl I. 1997. Catalogue of the Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Genève. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004375956_002
Löbl I. 2015. Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae. In: Löbl I. & Löbl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol 2: Revised and Updated Edition. Hydrophiloidea – Staphylinoidea: 21. Brill, Leiden/Boston.
Löbl I. 2018. Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae. Brill, Leiden. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004375956
Löbl I. & Cosandey V. 2023. On the Cypariini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) of Borneo. Revue suisse de Zoologie 130 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.35929/RSZ.0084
Löbl I. & Leschen R.A.B. 2003a. Redescription and new species of Alexidia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 110: 315–324. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80187
Löbl I. & Leschen R.A.B. 2003b. Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand 48: 1–94.
Löbl I. & Ogawa R. 2016. On the Scaphisomatini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) of the Philippines, IV: the genera Sapitia Achard and Scaphisoma Leach. Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (2): 1339–1492.
Löbl I., Leschen R.A.B & Warner W.B. 2021. Scaphisomatini of Arizona (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) collected by V-Flight Intercept traps. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (1): 173–185. https://doi.org/10.35929/RSZ.0043
Löbl I., Klausnitzer B., Hartmann M. & Krell F.-T. 2023. The silent extinction of species and taxonomists — an appeal to science policymakers and legislators. Diversity 15 (1053): 2–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101053
Naomi S. 1988a. Comparative morphology of the Staphylinidae and the allied groups (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea): III. Antennae, labrum and mandibles. Japanese Journal of Entomology 56 (1): 67–77.
Naomi S. 1988b. Comparative morphology of the Staphylinidae and the allied groups (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea): IV. Maxillae and labium. Japanese Journal of Entomology 56 (2): 241–250.
Naomi S. 1989a. Comparative morphology of the Staphylinidae and the allied groups (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea): VII. Metendosternite and wings. Japanese Journal of Entomology 57 (1): 82–90.
Naomi S. 1989b. Comparative morphology of the Staphylinidae and the allied groups (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea): X. Eighth and 10th segments of abdomen. Japanese Journal of Entomology 57 (4): 720–733.
Naomi S. 1990. Comparative morphology of the Staphylinidae and the allied groups (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea): XI. Abdominal glands, male genitalia and female spermatheca. Japanese Journal of Entomology 58 (1): 16–23.
Newton A.F. Jr. 1984. Mycophagy in Staphylinoidea (Coleoptera). In: Wheeler Q. & Blackwell M. (eds) Fungus/Insect Relationships. Perspectives in Ecology and Evolution: 302–353. Columbia University Press, New York.
Oberthür R. 1883. Scaphidiides nouveaux. In: Coleopterorum Novitates. Recueil spécialement consacré à l’Étude des coléoptères: 5–16.
Ogawa R. & Löbl I. 2013. A revision of the genus Baeocera in Japan, with a new genus of the tribe Scaphisomatini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae). Zootaxa 3652 (3): 301–326. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3652.3.1
Ogawa R. & Löbl I. 2016. A review of the genus Xotidium Löbl, 1992 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae), with descriptions of five new species. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 155–169. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.8386
Ogawa R. & Sakai M. 2011. A review of the genus Cyparium Erichson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) of Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 17: 129–136.
Olivier G.-A. 1790. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Insectes, avec leurs Caracteres, génériques et spécifiques, leur Description, leur Synonymie, et leur Figure enluminée. Vol 2: Coléoptéres. Baudouin, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61905
Perty J.A.M. 1830. Insecta Brasiliensia. In: Perty J.A.M. (ed.) Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J.B. de Spix et Dr. C.F. Ph. de Martius: 1–60. Munich, Impensis Editoris.
Pic M. 1915a. Nouvelles espèces de diverses familles. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 15: 1–24.
Pic M. 1915b. Diagnoses de nouveaux genres et nouvelles espèces de Scaphidiides. L’Echange, Revue linnéenne 31: 30–32.
Pic M. 1915c. Diagnoses de nouveaux genres et nouvelles espèces de Scaphidiides. L’Echange, Revue linnéenne 31: 35–36.
Pic M. 1916a. Notes et descriptions abrégées diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 17: 2–8.
Pic M. 1916b. Diagnoses spécifiques. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 17: 8–20.
Pic M. 1917. Descriptions abrégées diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 26: 2–24.
Pic M. 1920a. Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 32: 1–28.
Pic M. 1920b. Scaphidiides nouveaux de diverses origines. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova 9 (3): 93–97
Pic M. 1920c. Coléoptères exotiques en partie nouveaux. L’Echange, Revue linnéenne 36: 22–24.
Pic M. 1921. Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 33: 1–32.
Pic M. 1922. Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 36: 1–32.
Pic M. 1923. Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 38: 1–32.
Pic M. 1925. Notes sur les coléopteres scaphidiides. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 64: 193–196.
Pic M. 1928a. Scaphidiidae du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 16: 33–44.
Pic M. 1928b. Nouveaux coléoptères de la République Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad entomologica argentina 2: 49–52.
Pic M. 1928c. Nové druhy koleopter z Brasilie. Nouveaux coléoptères du Brésil. Sborník entomologického oddĕlení Národního musea v Praze 6: 74–76.
Pic M. 1930. Coléoptères asiatiques nouveaux. Sborník entomologického oddĕlení Národního musea v Praze 8: 58–59.
Pic M. 1931. Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges exotico-entomologiques 57: 1–36.
Pic M. 1956. Nouveaux coléoptères exotiques. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 60: 173–175. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1955.18803
Ramage T. & Löbl I. 2022. A new species of Scaphisoma Leach from the Society Islands with commentary on Staphylinidae of the French Polynesia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 127 (1): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2224
Redtenbacher L. 1868. Coleopteren. In: Redtenbacher L., Sichel J., Mayr, G.L. & Brauer F. (eds) Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band: I–249. Vienna.
Reitter E. 1880. Die Gattungen und Arten der Coleopteren-Familie: Scaphidiidae meiner Sammlung. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereins in Brünn 18 [1879]: 35–49.
Say T. 1823. Description of coleopterous insects collected in the late expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 3 (1): 139–216.
Stephenson S.L., Wheeler Q.D., McHugh J.V. & Fraissinet P.R. 1994. North American associations of Coleoptera with Myxomycetes. Journal of Natural History 28 (4): 921–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770491
Tang L., Li L.-Z. & He W.-J. 2014. The genus Scaphidium Olivier in East China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae). ZooKeys 403: 47–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.403.7220
von Groll E. 2023. Rediscovery and redescription of Scaphisoma nigrofasciatum Pic (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae): a remarkable new record from a distant continent. Zootaxa 5375 (4): 565–573. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5375.4.7
von Groll E. & Lopes-Andrade C. 2021. Scaphisoma pandemum sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) from the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa 4999 (2): 143–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.2.4
von Groll E. & Lopes-Andrade C. 2022. Contributions to the taxonomy of Neotropical Cyparium Erichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae), with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 835: 1–97. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.835.1909
Waterhouse F.H. 1879. Descriptions of new Coleoptera of geographical interest, collected by Charles Darwin, Esq. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 14: 530–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02449.x
Copyright (c) 2025 Elisa von Groll
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT PERMITTED to post their submitted work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on personal websites) prior to publication, as it may lead to nomenclatural issues.
