A new genus and species of terrestrial isopod (Isopoda: Oniscidea) found in Baltic amber

Keywords: Cenozoic, Crinocheta, Eocene, woodlice

Abstract

The knowledge of fossil terrestrial isopods is of rudimentary nature and the diversity of terrestrial isopods in the geological past is poorly represented in the current taxonomy of the suborder. Although the number of described fossil species has increased in recent years, many taxa remain undescribed, and several existing species face taxonomic issues due to inadequate or outdated descriptions. No valid representatives of the section Crinocheta, the most diverse section of terrestrial isopods, are currently recognized from Baltic amber. To improve our understanding of the suborder Oniscidea (Latreille, 1802) and its diversity in geological times, we describe the new genus and species Balticoniscus walterludwigi gen. et sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber.

References

Alekseev V.I. & Alekseev P.I. 2016. New approaches for reconstruction of the ecosystem of an Eocene amber forest. Biology Bulletin 43 (1): 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016010027

Broly P., Maillet S. & Ross A.J. 2015. The first terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Cretaceous Burmese amber of Myanmar. Cretaceous Research 55: 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.012

Broly P., Serrano-Sánchez M.D.L. Rodríguez-García S. & Vega F.J. 2017. Fossil evidence of extended brood care in new Miocene Peracarida (Crustacea) from Mexico. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (12): 1037–1049. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1266525

Broly P., Serrano-Sánchez M.D.L. & Vega F.J. 2018. Diversity of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Early Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico. Revista mexicana de Ciencias geológicas 35 (3): 203–214. https://doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.3.639

Gruner H.E. 1953. Der Rollmechanismus bei Kugelnden Land-Isopoden und Diplopoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 29: 148–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19530290108

Hornung E. 2011. Evolutionary adaptation of oniscidean isopods to terrestrial life: Structure, physiology and behavior. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 4 (2): 95–130. https://doi.org/10.1163/187498311X576262

Lu J., Taiti S., Li S., Lu Y., Zhuo D., Wang X. & Bai M. 2023. First fossil of Tylidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in Kachin amber, Myanmar, with a list of all Oniscidea fossil records. Fossil Studies 1 (1): 15–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils1010003

Mänd K., Muehlenbachs K., McKellar R.C., Wolfe A.P. & Konhauser K.O. 2018. Distinct origins for Rovno and Baltic ambers: Evidence from carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 505: 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.004

Mattern D. 2003. New aspects in the phylogeny of the Oniscidea inferred from molecular data. Crustaceana Monographs 2: 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_006

Morris S.F. 1979. A new fossil terrestrial isopod with implications for the East African Miocene land form. Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Geology) 32 (1): 71–75. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2277238 [accessed 3 Jul. 2024].

Moser M., Burks R.A., Ulmer J.M., Heraty J.M., van de Kamp T. & Krogmann L. 2021. Taxonomic description and phylogenetic placement of two new species of Spalangiopelta (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Ceinae) from Eocene Baltic amber. PeerJ 9: e10939. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10939

Poinar G. 2018. A new genus of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Armadillidae) in Myanmar amber. Historical Biology 32: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1509964

Sadowski E.M., Schmidt A.R., Kunzmann L., Gröhn C. & Seyfullah L.J. 2016. Sciadopitys cladodes from Eocene Baltic amber. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180 (2): 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12365

Sadowski E.M., Schmidt A.R., Seyfullah L.J. & Kunzmann L. 2017. Conifers of the “Baltic Amber Forest” and their palaeoecological significance. Stapfia 106: 1–73.

Sánchez-García A., Peñalver E., Delclòs X. & Engel M.S. 2021. Terrestrial isopods from Spanish amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous soil biota. American Museum Novitates 3974: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1206/3974.1

Schmalfuss H. 1980. Die ersten Landasseln aus Dominikanischem Bernstein mit einer systematisch-phylogenetischen Revision der Familie Sphaeroniscidae (Stuttgarter Bernsteinsammlung: Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 61: 1–12.

Schmalfuss H. 1984. Two new species of the terrestrial isopod genus Pseudoarmadillo from Dominican amber (Amber-Collection Stuttgart: Crustacea, Isopoda, Pseudarmadillidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 102: 1–14.

Schmalfuss H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) 654: 1–341. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60882444 [accessed 3. Jul. 2024].

Schmidt C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2. (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 79 (1): 3–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.20030790102

Schmidt C. 2008. Phylogeny of the terrestrial Isopoda (Oniscidea): A review. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 66: 191–226. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.66.e31684

Seyfullah L.J., Beimforde C., Dal Corso J., Perrichot V., Rikkinen J. & Schmidt A.R. 2018. Production and preservation of resins – past and present. Biological Reviews 93 (3): 1684–1714. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12414

Sfenthourakis S. & Taiti S. 2015. Patterns of taxonomic diversity among terrestrial isopods. ZooKeys 515: 13–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9332

Smigel J.T. & Gibbs A.G. 2008. Conglobation in the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare, as a water conservation mechanism. Journal of Insect Science 8 (44): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.008.4401

Standke G. 2008. Bitterfelder Bernstein gleich Baltischer Bernstein? – Eine geologische Raum-Zeit-Betrachtung und genetische Schlussfolgerungen. Exkursionsführer und Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 236: 11–33.

Taiti S., Paoli P. & Ferrara F. 1998. Morphology, biogeography, and ecology of the family Armadillidae (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Israel Journal of Zoology 44 (3–4): 291–301.

Tuf I.H. & Ďurajková B. 2022. Antipredatory strategies of terrestrial isopods. ZooKeys 1101: 109–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.76266

Weitschat W. & Wichard W. 2002. Atlas of Plants and Animals in Baltic Amber. Pfeil, München.

Wolfe A.P., Tappert R., Muehlenbachs K., Boudreau M., McKellar R.C., Basinger J.F. & Garrett A. 2009. A new proposal concerning the botanical origin of Baltic amber. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1672): 3403–3412. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0806

Wolfe A.P., McKellar R.C., Tappert R., Sodhi R.N.S. & Muehlenbachs K. 2016. Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinite. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 225: 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.11.002

WoRMS Editorial Board 2024. World Register of Marine Species. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org [accessed 3 Jul. 2024]. https://doi.org/10.14284/170

Published
2025-08-27
How to Cite
Kästle, B., & Ludwig, F. (2025). A new genus and species of terrestrial isopod (Isopoda: Oniscidea) found in Baltic amber. European Journal of Taxonomy, 1012(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3029
Section
Research article