New and known species of the family Dorylaimidae Thorne, 1936 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) from the Western Ghats of India
Abstract
Five new and thirteen known species of Dorylaimidae are described and illustrated. Prodorylaimium humaimae sp. nov has a 0.97–1.29 mm (female) and a 1.03–1.33 mm (male) long body; a truncate lip region; a transverse vulva; 30–35 μm long spicules, and 6–8 ventromedian supplements. Calcaridorylaimus indicus sp. nov has a 1.47–1.72 mm (female) and a 1.41–1.56 mm (male) long body; a slightly offset lip region; a longitudinal vulva; spicules 36–39 μm and 12–15 ventromedian supplements. Thornenema pseudodidelphis sp. nov has a 1.2–1.6 mm long body; a lip region with distinct labial and postlabial sclerotization; a pseudo-didelphic female genital system; a transverse vulva and a 8.5–14.1 × as long as anal body diameter long tail. Prothornenema cuticulare sp. nov has a 0.93 mm (female) and a 0.93–0.98 mm (male) long body; a cap-like lip region; a vulva transverse with a deep cuticle invagination anterior and posterior to it; spicules 31–32 μm and 17 ventromedian supplements. Prothornenema longicaudatum sp. nov has a 1.05–1.22 mm (female) and a 0.88–0.98 mm (male) long body; a lip region cap-like; a transverse vulva; spicules 30–32 μm long and 13–14 ventromedian supplements. The known species are Mesodorylaimus potus, M. guarani, M. chamoliensis, M. keralaensis, M. longicaudatus, Amphidorylaimus flagellicauday, Laimydorus siddiqii, Calodorylaimus andrassyi, Thornenema mauritianum, T. paraconurum, Opisthodorylaimus cavalcantii, Coomansinema oryzae, and Kunjudorylaimus kunjui.
References
Ahmad A. & Ahmad W. 2001. Four new and two known species of the genus Mesodorylaimus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India. International Journal of Nematology 11: 237–246.
Ahmad A. & Ahmad W. 2002. Studies on the genus Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae) from India. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 4: 91–110.
Ahmad A. & Ahmad W. 2003. Studies on some species of Thornenematidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from South India. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 5: 131–144.
Ahmad W. 1993. Description of Thonus goaensis sp. nov. and Coomansinema oryzae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology 3: 173–176.
Ahmad W. 1995. Description of two new species of Mesodorylaimus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology 5: 209–212.
Ahmad W. & Ahmad A. 2001. Two new and a known species of the genus Prodorylaimus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). International Journal of Nematology 11: 247–252.
Ahmad W. & Araki M. 2003. New and known species of the family Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Japan. International Journal of Nematology 13: 37–56.
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M. S. 1982a. Some new and known species of Dorylaimoidea. Nematologica 28: 39–61. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529282X00501
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1982b. Opisthodorylaimus n. gen. and some new and known species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) from India. Revue de Nématologie 5: 261–275.
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1983a. Descriptions of new species of Dorylaimoides and Calolaimus (Dorylaimida) from India. Revue de Nématologie 6: 65–72.
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1983b. Two new species of Iotonchus (Nematoda: Mononchida) from the Silent Valley, Kerala, India. Systematic Parasitology 5: 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00049236
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1984. Two new species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Goa, India. Revue de Nématologie 7: 393–397.
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M. S. 1986. Silvallis sclerostoma n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Silent valley, Kerala, India. Nematologica 31: 375–378 https://doi.org/10.1163/187529285X00481
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1988. Studies on the genus Lenonchium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of L. macrodorum n. sp. Revue de Nématologie 11: 7–11.
Ahmad W. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1989. Coomansinema n. gen. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of C. dimorphicauda n. sp. Nematologica 35: 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1163/002825989X00287
Ahmad W. & Shaheen A. 2004. Five new and two known species of the family Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Costa Rica. Nematology 6: 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568541042665232
Ahmad W., Ahmad I., Bilgrami A. L. & Khan, Z. 1992. Thalassogenus shamimi n. sp. (Nematoda: Thalassogeneridae). Fundamentals and Applied Nematology 15: 127–131.
Ahmad W., Bloemers G.F. & Wanless F.R. 1996. Three new and four known species of Dorylaimoidea from tropical forest in Cameroon. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 7–16.
Ali S.M., Farooqui M.N. & Suryawanshi M.V. 1971. Report of males in Thornenema baldum and Thornenema mauritianum. Nematologica 17: 172–173. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529271X00521
Andrássy I. 1958. Szabadon Élὅ Fonálférgek Nematoda Libera. Fauna Hungarica, 36 III Kötot, 1 Füzet. Magyarország állatvilága, Budapest.
Andrássy I. 1959. Taxonomische Übersicht der Dorylaimen (Nematoda). I. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 5: 191–240.
Andrássy I. 1960. Taxonomische Übersicht der Dorylaimen (Nematoda). II. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 6: 1–28.
Andrássy I. 1965. Erd- und Süsswasser-Nematoden aus Ghana. Klasse Adenophorea (Aphasmidia). Opuscola zoologica Instituti zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis 5: 127–151.
Andrássy I. 1968. Fauna Paraguayensis 2. Nematoden aus den Galeriewaldern des Acaray-Flusses. Opuscola zoologica Instituti zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis 8: 167–315.
Andrássy I. 1969. Taxonomische Übersicht der Familien Prodorylaimidae n. fam. und Dorylaimidae de Man 1876. Opuscola zoologica Instituti zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis 9: 187–233.
Andrássy I. 1972. Zwei neue Gattungen von Bodennematoden. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis Rolando Eötvös Nominatae Sectio Biologica 14: 187–192.
Andrássy I. 1976. Evolution as a Basis for the Systematization of Nematodes. Pitman Publ. Ltd, London.
Andrássy I. 1986. The genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 and its relatives (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae). Acta Zoological Hungarica 32: 207–261.
Andrássy I. 2007. Contributions to the genus Opisthodorylaimus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of two new species. Opuscula Zoologica Budapestinensis 36: 3–17.
Andrássy I. 2009. Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda errantia). Vol. III. Pedozoologica Hungarican. 5. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest.
Andrássy I. 2012. On the genus Coomansinema Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1989 (Dorylaimida: Thornenematidae), with description of one new and two rare species. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15: 87–101.
Baniyamuddin M. & Ahmad W. 2006. New and known species of Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Nematology 8: 491–510. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854106778613985
Baniyamuddin M. & Ahmad W. 2011. Two new and a known species of dorylaim nematodes (Dorylaimida: Nematoda) from Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. Journal of Natural History 45 (47–48): 2965–2980. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.626125
Baqri Q.H. 1991. Contribution to the fauna of Sikkim. Nematodes associated with citrus from Sikkim, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 128: 1–103.
Baqri H.Q. & Bohra P. 2003. Prothornenema gen. n. and four new species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India. International Journal of Nematology 13: 185–194.
Baqri Q.H. & Jairajpuri M.S. 1967. Review of the genus Thornenema Andrássy, 1959 and proposal of Willinema n. gen. Nematologica 13: 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529267X00580
Baqri Q.H. & Jana A. 1982. Nematodes from West Bengal (India). XIII. Four new species of Dorylaimidae, with a key to species of Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 (Dorylaimoidea). Nematologica 28: 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529282X00042
Baqri Q.H. & Khera S. 1977. Nematodes from West Bengal (India). I. On the variations in two species of Dorylaimidae and redescription of Belondira neortha Siddiqi, 1964 (Belondiridae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 73: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v73/i1-4/1977/161898
Basson J. B. E. & Heyns J. 1974. The genus Mesodorylaimus in South Africa (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Phytophylactica 6: 261–287.
Bohra P., Baqri Q.H. & Dwivedi A.K. 2005. Diversity of phytophagous nematodes associated with economically important crops in Gujarat, India. Indian Journal of Nematology 35: 130–133.
Botha A. & Heyns J. 1992. Freshwater nematodes of the genera Thornenema and Mesodorylaimus from the Kruger National Park with a diagnostic species compendium for South African species of the genus Mesodorylaimus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Koedoe 35: 25–42. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v35i1.387
Carbonell E. & Coomans A. 1985. Observations on Opisthodorylaimus, with descriptions of three new species (Nematoda: Dorylaimidea). Nematologica 31: 379–409. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529285X00490
Carbonell E. & Coomans A. 1986. The genus Thornenema Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Thornenematidae). Nematologica 32: 125–179. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529286X00129
CEPF 2016. Final Assesment of CEPF Investment in the Western Ghats Region of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Enviroment.
Choi Y.E. 1999. Systematic study of Dorylaimida from Korea 5. List of recorded species and redescription of seven species of Dorylaimida from Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 38: 177–199.
Choi Y.E., Geraert E. & Baek H.S. 1997. Taxonomic study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 36: 1–29.
Ciobanu M. 2008. Nematode Fauna Associated with Salt-affected Areas of Transylvania. PhD thesis, Cluj University Press, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Ciobanu M., Popovici I. & Decraemer W. 2004. Nematodes of some salt affected areas from Romania (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Russian Journal of Nematology 12: 9–29. https://www.russjnematology.com/rjnvol181.htm
Cobb N.A. 1918. Estimating the nema population of the soil. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Agriculture Technical Circular 1: 1–48.
Coomans A. & Carbonell E. 1988. The status of the family Thornenematidae Siddiqi, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologica 33: 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529287X00038
De Maeseneer J. & d’Herde J. 1963. Méthodes utilisées pour l’étude des anguillules libres du sol. Revue d’Agriculture 16: 441–447.
De Man J.G. 1876. Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende nematoden. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche dierkundige Vereeniging 2: 78–196.
Dhanam M. & Jairajpuri M.S. 2000. Two new species of a new genus, Kunjudorylaimus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Karnataka, India. Annales Zoologici 50: 205–209.
Eliava I.Ya. 1984. [Key to Free Nematodes of the Family Dorylaimidae.]. Leningrad. [In Russian.]
Eliava I.Ya., Tskitishvili T.D. & Aliev R.A. 1975. [Study of the genus Thornenema Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea)]. Materialy k Faune Gruzii 5: 5–13. [In Russian.]
Fadaei A.A. & Coomans A. 2005. Nematodes of the family Dorylaimidae from Iran. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 8: 31–38.
Ferris V.R. Goseco C.G. & Kumar A.C. 1979. Proleptonchoides southindiae n. gen., n. sp., a new leptonchid from south India. Journal of Nematology 11: 70–72.
Gagarin V.G. 1971. [New and rare species of nematodes from the Uchinsky, Dubossarsky and Mingechaursky water reservoirs. II.]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 50: 981–989. [In Russian.]
Gagarin V.G. 1992. The Free-living Freshwater Nematodes of the Soviet Union. Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg. [In Russian.]
Gambhir R.K. & Dhanachand C. 1990. Nematodes of fruit plants in Manipur. 1. Three known and one new species of Thornenema Andrássy, 1959 (Thornenematidae: Dorylaimida) from Manipur, India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 3: 33–37.
Goseco C.G., Ferris V.R. & Ferris J.M. 1976. Revisions in Leptonchoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) Dorylaimoides in Dorylaimoididae, Dorylaimoidinae; Calolaimus and Timmus n. gen. in Dorylaimoididae, Calolaiminae and Miranema in Miranematidae. Research Bulletin, Purdue University, Agriculture Experiment Station West Lafayette 941: 1–45.
Heyns J. 1963. New species of the superfamily Dorylaimoidea (Nemata) from South African soils, with a description of a new genus Kochinema. South African Journal of Agricultural Science 6: 289–302.
Heyns J. & Kruger J.C. 1983. Freshwater nematodes from South Africa 6. Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959. Phytophylactica 15: 47–53.
Hodda M. 2022. Phylum Nematoda: a classification, catalogue and index of valid genera, with a census of valid species. Zootaxa 5114 (1): 1–289. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1
Inglis W.G. 1983. An outline classification of the phylum Nematoda. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9830243
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2021a. Five new and five known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from Western Ghats of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 774: 58–105. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1531
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2021b. Redescription of the rare nematode genus Proleptonchoides Ferris, Goseco and Kumar, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) with first report of its male. Biologia 76: 3335–3343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00823-9
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2022a. A new and two known species of the genus Discomyctus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats of India with notes on the geographical distribution of the genus. Biologia 77: 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00892-w
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2022b. Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791: 1–57. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2022c. Description of two new and six known amphidelphic species of the genus Dorylaimoides Thorne and Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Tropical Rainforests, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Natural History 56 (5–8): 311–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2049390
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2023. New nematode Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Tylencholaimoidea) from the tropical rainforest, Western Ghats, India. ZooKeys 1186: 1–13. https/doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527
Islam M.N. & Ahmad W. 2024. Oostenbrinkellus gen. n. and a new species of the rare nematode genus Lawtonema Siddiqi, 1998 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida:Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 5428 (1): 75–90. https://doi.org.10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5428.1.3
Jairajpuri M.S. 1964. Leptonema thornei n. gen., n. sp. (Nematode: Dorylaimoidea) from India. Nematologica 10: 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529264X00402
Jairajpuri, M.S. & Ahmad, W. 1992. Dorylaimida: Free living, Predaceous and Plant Parasitic Nematodes. E.J. Brill, Leiden / Oxford / New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004630475
Kazemi E. & Niknam 2019. Some dorylaimid species from Kahaq area, Maragheh city, East Azarbaijan province. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Animal Biology 7: 59–67.
Khan Z. & Araki M. 2002. Study of dorylaims (Nematoda) from Japan with descriptions of five new species. International Journal of Nematology 12: 1–12.
Khera S. & Chaturvedi Y. 1977. Nematodes from tea plantations of Dehra Dun, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 72: 125–152. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v72/i1-4/1977/161928
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2021. Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1978 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Western Ghats of India. Helminthologia 58 (3): 292–314. https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0028
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2022. Qudsialemellus keralaensis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiridae) from Western Ghats of India. Annales Zoologici 72 (2): 195–201. https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2022.72.2.003
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2023a. Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from the Western Ghats of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 857: 1–56. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.857.2039
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2023b. Timmiella goaense gen. n., sp. nov. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from Western Ghats of India. Biologia 78 (4): 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01314-9
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2023c. Two new and seven known species of the genus Belondira Thorne, 1939 (Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from Western Ghats of India. Biologia 78: 3487–3522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01488-2
Kumar S. & Ahmad W. 2024. Description of five new and four known species of Dorylaimellus Cobb, 1913 with perioral disc (Nematoda: Belondiroidea) from the Western Ghats of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 925: 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2435
Loof P. A. A. 1964. Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica 10: 201–300. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529264X00042
Loof P.A.A. 1975. Dorylaimoidea from some subantarctic Islands. Nematologica 21: 219–255. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529275X00581
Loof P.A.A. 1996. Six new species of the genus Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae). Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19: 235–250.
Loof P.A.A. & Coomans A. 1970. On the development and location of the oesophageal gland nuclei in the Dorylaimina. Proceedings of IX International Nematology Symposium. Warsaw, 1967: 79–161. Warsaw, Poland.
Loof P.A.A. & Heyns J. 1982. Variation in Mesodorylaimus potus Heyns, 1963 syn. M. globiceps Loof, 1964 (Dorylaimida). Nematologica 28: 370–371. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529282X00420
Lordello L.G.E. 1955. Three new soil nematodes from Piracicaba (State of S. Paulo), with a key to species of the genus “Aporcelaimus” (Dorylaimidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 15: 211–218.
Mittermeier R.A., Gil P.R., Hoffman M., Pilgrim J., Brooks T., Mittermeier C.G., Lamoreux J. & Da Fonseca G.A.B. 2004. Hotspots Revisited. CEMEX, Monterrey.
Monteiro A.R. 1970. Acêrca de alguns Dorylaimoidea (Nemata, Dorylaimida). Anais da Escola superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” 27: 239–279. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761970000100019
Mushtaq P. & Ahmad W. 2006. Five new and two known species of Dorylaimidae (Nematoda) from Jammu and Kashmir State, India. International Journal of Nematology 16: 19–34.
Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C., Da Fonseca G.A.B & Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 24: 853–857. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Nasira K., Erum I. & Shahina F. 2005. Description of Tylencholaimus cynodonti n. sp. with observations on four known species (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 23: 189–202.
Nesterov P.I. 1979. [Plant-parasitic and Free-living Nematodes in South-eastern USSR.]. Moldavian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology and Physiology, Kishinev “Shtiintsa”.
Pearse A.S. 1942. Introduction to Parasitology. Springfield, III: Baltimore, Md.
Peña-Santiago R. 2022. Dorylaimida Mundi (Nematoda) Checklist of Genera and Species, with their Records. Universitat de Jaen, Spain. UJA Editorial.
Prasad S.K. & Chawla M.L. 1965. Thornenema delhiensis, a new nematode species from Delhi with a key to the species of Thornenema (Dorylaimidae: Nematoda). Indian Journal of Entomology 27: 140–143.
Sauer M.R. 1981. Comparative morphology of six Thornenema species. Nematologica 27: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529281X00070
Seinhorst J.W. 1959 A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerine. Nematologica 4: 67–69. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529259X00381
Siddiqi M.R. 1965. Studies on the genus Thornenema Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae), with description of two new species and T. cavalcantii Lordello, 1955 from India. Labdev Journal of Science and Technology 3: 128–133.
Siddiqi M.R. 1969. Mumtazium mumtazae n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylencholaimoidea) with the proposal of Laimydorus n. gen. (Thornenematidae). Nematologica 15: 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529269X00669
Siddiqi M.R. & Hussain Z. 1968. Observations on the genus Xiphinemella Loos, 1950, with descriptions of X. utahnemacea n. sp. and Tylencholaimellus modulus n. sp. (Nematoda: Leptonchidae) from India. Bulletin of Entomology (Loyola College) 9: 20–24.
Uzma Tauheed & Ahmad W. 2015. The genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). A monographic study. Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 372: 1–147.
Williams J.R. 1959. Studies on the nematode soil fauna of sugarcane fields in Mauritius. 3. Dorylaimidae (Dorylaimoidea, Enoplida). Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute Occasional Paper 3: 1–28.
Williams J.R. 1964. Studies on the nematode soil fauna of sugarcane fields in Mauritius 7. Species of Thornenema (Dorylaimidae). Nematologica 10: 345–52. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529264X00349
Copyright (c) 2026 Shahnaz Khan, Zarrin Imran, Uzma Tauheed, Wasim Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT PERMITTED to post their submitted work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on personal websites) prior to publication, as it may lead to nomenclatural issues.
