Mangeliidae (Gastropoda: Conoidea) of the French West Indies and other Western Atlantic regions: a monograph
Abstract
In this study, 159 new species of tropical western Atlantic Mangeliidae are described, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, 55 possible new species are illustrated and partially described but not named because of insufficient specimens to confidently distinguish them from similar congeners. These 159 new species (or 214, including the possible 55) are in addition to 82 previously described species, most of which are redescribed with photographs of their primary types. Overall, 296 taxa, eight nomina dubia, and 31 synonyms (10 of which are newly synonymized) are addressed in this report. The large number of new species led to the creation of six new genera, marking the first time use for a Recent species of the genus Adelocythara Woodring, 1928, and confirming the presence of new species in two eastern Pacific genera, Kurtzina Bartsch, 1944, and Kurtzia Bartsch, 1944. Phylogenetic analysis of 50 species showed that 17 of the 19 genera with DNA sequence data from representative species are monophyletic with strong support. The inclusion of two other sequenced genera, Suturocythara E.F. García, 2008, and Benthomangelia Thiele, 1925, in Mangeliidae is not well supported and may need to be reassigned to different or new families once more DNA data from additional species becomes available. There is no DNA sequence data for representative species of six other genera – Acmaturris Woodring, 1928, Bactrocythara Woodring, 1928, Bathyturris Fallon gen. nov., Rubellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939, Saccharoturris Woodring, 1928, and Stellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 – but morphologically, these are clearly supported as separate genera within the family-group Mangeliidae. Morphological traits retained at the genus level are described for each of the 25 genera, including shell surface architecture (for most) and protoconch structure. SEM images strongly suggest that shell surface sculpture is genus-specific, providing an additional aid for generic placement and confirmation. Although mangeliids from many localities have been examined, the restricted ranges of most species suggest that many more await discovery in underexplored regions.
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