A new cryptic species of Polybiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunoidea) from the East Atlantic, with considerations on the genus Polybius
Abstract
The use of integrative taxonomy has confirmed the existence of a new distinct crab species, cryptic, within the group of the former genus Liocarcinus, now Polybius, closely related to P. holsatus, P. vernalis and P. marmoreus. Previous reports have considered it to be the Atlantic form of P. vernalis, or as a species “affinis” or “comparable to” P. holsatus. Diagnostic morphological characters are presented for identification and the morphological variability in these species, mainly within P. vernalis (the most related) is analysed. Furthermore, based on molecular and other previous data, a new combination (genus change) is proposed. This new species, Polybius dioscurus sp. nov., lives on infralittoral sandy bottoms, coexisting with the other species mentioned, in the temperate and subtropical zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Alboran Sea (westernmost Mediterranean).
References
Adema J.P.H.M. 1991. Een aanvulling op: «De krabben van Nederland en België»: De grijze zwemkrab, Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso, 1816) in de Noordzee gevonden. Het Zeepaard 51 (5): 110–115.
Ashelby C.W. 2006. Contribution to the biogeographical knowledge of some decapod crustaceans in the British Isles. Crustaceana 79 (11): 1333–1345. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854006779277259
Bell T. 1844–1853. A History of the British Stalk-eyed Crustacea. John Van Voorst, London. [For the dates of publication of the different parts see Gordon (1959) and Manning & Holthuis (1981).] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3717
Bourdon R. 1965. Inventaire de la Faune marine de Roscoff. Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff.
Bouvier E.-L. 1940. Décapodes marcheurs. Faune de France 37. Paul Lechevalier et fils, Paris.
Cannicci S., Schubart C.D., Innocenti G., Dahdouh-Guebas F., Shahdadi A. & Fratini S. 2017. A new species of the genus Parasesarma De Man 1895 from East African mangroves and evidence for mitochondrial introgression in sesarmid crabs. Zoologischer Anzeiger 269: 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2017.08.002
Cardona Bendito A. 1965. Decápodos marinos de la ría de Vigo. Investigación Pesquera, Barcelona 28: 133–159.
Crandall K.A. & Fitzpatrick J.F. Jr 1996. Crayfish molecular systematics: using a combination of procedures to estimate phylogeny. Systematic Biology 45: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/45.1.1
De Blauwe H. & Decleer M. 2017. Strandvondsten. Stichting Kunnstboek, Oostkamp.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1986. Étude d’une collection de crustacés décapodes de Bretagne. De Strandvlo [dec. 1985]: 11 (4): 84–100.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1989. Seconde note sur les crustacés décapodes de la Bretagne. De Strandvlo 8 (4): 166–205.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1991. Considérations générales sur Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso, 1827) et remarques sur la présence en Mer du Nord (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae). De Strandvlo 5 (4): 97–130.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 1999. Inventaire et distribution des crustacés décapodes de l’Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Méditerranée et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25° N. Patrimoines naturels (M.N.H.N./S.P.N.) 40.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. 2011. Occurrence of the grey swimming crab Polybius vernalis (Risso, 1827) on Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland: northernmost record so far (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). De Strandvlo 31 (3–4): 78–79.
D’Udekem d’Acoz C. & Rappé G. 1991. Présence et abondance de Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso, 1816) dans la baie sud de la mer du Nord (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) . Crustaceana 61 (1): 95–99. Available from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20104677 [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Estoup A., Largiadèr C.R., Perrot E. & Chourrout D. 1996. Rapid one tube DNA extraction for reliable PCR detection of fish polymorphic marker and transgenes. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 5: 295–298.
Evans N. 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of swimming crabs (Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815) supports a revised family-level classification and suggests a single derived origin of symbiotic taxa. PeerJ 6:e4260. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4260
Fabricius J.C. 1798. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis locis observationibus descriptionibus. Supplementum. Impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft, Copenhagen [Hafniae]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125869
Forest J. & Guinot D. 1956. Sur une collection de crustacés décapodes et stomatopodes des mers tunisiennes. Bulletin de la Station océanographique de Salammbô 53: 24–43.
Fransen C.H.J.M. 1991. Crustacea of the CANCAP and MAURITANIA Expeditions. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden.
García Raso J.E. 1984. Brachyura of the coast of Southern Spain. Spixiana 7 (2): 105–113.
González Gurriarán E. & Méndez M. 1986. Crustáceos Decápodos das Costas de Galicia. I. Brachyura: 1–242. Cuadernos da Area de Ciencias Biolóxicas, Seminario de Estudos galegos, vol. 2 (2.a. Ed.), O Castro-Sada, A Coruña.
Gordon I. 1959. The dates of publication of Parts I–VI of A History of British Crustacea. Thomas Bell. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 13 2 (15): 191–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908651020
Gordon I. 1968. Correction to Parisi’s “Portunus pusillus” and “Portunus parvulus n. sp.” from the Mediterranean (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana 14 (3): 319–320. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854068X00935
Guerao G., Abelló P. & Dos Santos A. 2006. Morphological variability of the megalopa of Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae) in Mediterranean and Atlantic populations. Journal of Natural History 40 (32–34): 1851–1866. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930601046584
Hall T. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.
Herbst J.F.W. 1791–1796. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten. Zweyter Band. Gottlieb August Lange, Berlin und Stralsund. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64679
Holthuis L.B. 1977. The Mediterranean decapod and stomatopod Crustacea in A. Risso’s published works and manuscripts. Annales du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Nice 5: 37–88.
Holthuis L.B. 1987. Necora, a new genus of European swimming crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Portunidae) and its type species, Cancer puber L., 1767. Zoologische Mededelingen 61 (1): 1–14. Available from https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317926 [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Hyžný M., Melo C.S., Ramalho R.S., Cordeiro R., Madeira P., Baptista L., Rebelo A.C., Gómez C., Uchman A., Johnson M.E., Berning B. & Ávila S.P. 2021. Pliocene and late Pleistocene (MIS 5e) decapod crustaceans from Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago: Central Atlantic): systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Journal of Quaternary Science 36 (1): 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3261
Ingle R.W. 1980. British Crabs. British Museum (Natural History), Oxford University Press.
Ingle R.W. 1996. Shallow water crabs. Second edition. Synopsis of the British Fauna (new series) 25: 1–243.
Ingle R.W. & Clark P.P. 1998. A swimming crab new to the British fauna, Liocarcinus vernalis (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400040042
ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/ [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Kumar S., Stecher G., Li M., Knyaz C. & Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Lai J.C.Y., Ng P.K.L. & Davie P.J.F. 2010. A revision of the Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) species complex (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae), with a recognition of four species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (2): 199–237.
Latreille P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage Faisant suite à l’Histoire naturelle générale et particulière, Composée par LeClerc de Buffon, et Rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, Membre de Plusieurs Sociétés Savantes. Vol. 3. Dufart, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764
Leach W.E. 1815–1875. Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniae, or, Descriptions of such British Species of the Linnean Genus Cancer as have their Eyes Elevated on Footstalks. J. Sowerby, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11573
Leach W.E. 1816. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta, with the distribution of the genera comprising three of these classes into orders &c. and descriptions of several new genera and species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11 (2): 306–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x
Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm [Holmiae]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Livory A. 1998. Crabes de la Manche: le point des connaissances. L’Argiope 18–19: 18–64.
López de la Rosa I., García Raso J.E. & Rodríguez A. 2002. Evolution of a decapod community (Crustacea) of shallow soft bottoms with seaweeds from southern Europe. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82 (1): 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315402005209.
Manning R.B. & Holthuis L.B. 1981. West African Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 306: 1–379. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.306
Martin J. 2011. Les Invertébrés marins du Golfe de Gascogne à la Manche orientale. Editions Quae, Versailles.
Matzen da Silva J., Creer S., dos Santos A., Costa A.C., Cunha M.R., Costa F.O. & Carvalho G.R. 2011. Systematic and evolutionary insights derived from mtDNA COI barcode diversity in the Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca). PLoS ONE 6 (5): e19449. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019449
McCarthy A.M., McGrath D. & Allen B.M. 2005. The grey swimming crab Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso, 1827) in western Irish coastal waters (Decapoda: Brachyura, Portunidae). Irish Naturalists’ Journal 28 (1): 20–26.
Milne-Edwards A. 1861. Études zoologiques sur les Crustacés récents de la famille des Portuniens. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle 10: 309–428. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourceget&id=353565 [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Miranda y Rivera A. 1933. Ensayo de un catálogo de los Crustáceos Decápodos marinos de España y Marruecos español. Notas y Resúmenes, Boletín Español de Oceanografía (ser. 2) 67: 1–72.
Monod T. 1956. Hippidea et Brachyura ouest-africains. Mémoires de l’Institut français d’Afrique noire (Mém. IFAN) 45: 1–674.
Moukrin A., García-Raso J.E. & Gofas S. 2010. Notes on the benthic macrofauna of Agadir Bay (Atlantic Morocco). Iberus 28 (1): 97–114. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50447195 [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Neves A.M. 1975. Sobre una colecção de crustáceos decápodes da Bahia de Setúbal (Portugal). Estudos Fauna Portuguesa 5: 1–48.
Ng P.K., Guinot D. & Davie P.J. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: parte I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1–286.
Nobre A. 1931. Crustaceos Decapodes e Stomatopodes Marinhos de Portugal. Imprensa Portuguesa, Porto.
Nobre A. 1936. Crustaceos Decapodes e Stomatopodes Marinhos de Portugal. 2a Edição. Fauna Marinha de Portugal 4. Porto.
Noël P. 2016. L’étrille frippée Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777). In: Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (ed.). Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel: 1–13.
Ojeda Martín V., Serra Elías B., Lagares C., Sellés Altés M., Marco-Herrero E., García-Rodríguez E., Farré M., Arenas C., Abelló P. & Mestres F. 2022. Interannual fluctuations in connectivity among crab populations (Liocarcinus depurator) along the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition. Scientific Reports 12: 9797. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13941-4
Ortmann A.E. 1893. Die Dekapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums. VI Theil. Abteilung Brachyura. Unterabteilung Majoidea und Cancroidea, Section Portuninea. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 7: 23–88. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24064
Palmer R. 1927. A revision of the genus “Portunus” (A. Milne Edwards, Bell, etc). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 14: 877–908. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400051134
Passamonti M., Mantovani, B., Scali V. & Froglia C. 1997. Genetic differentiation of European species of Liocarcinus (Crustacea, Portunidae): a gene-enzyme study. Zoologischer Anzeiger 235: 157–164.
Pennant T. 1777. British Zoology. Vol. 4. Crustacea, Mollusca, Testacea. Benj. White, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62481
Plagge C., Thanh Son N., Ng P.L.K., Türkay M., Streit B. & Klaus S. 2016. Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae): a cosmopolitan brachyuran species? Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 374–388.
Poore G.C.B. 2004. Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification. CSIRO https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643092129
Poore C.B. & Ahyong S.T. 2023. Marine Decapod Crustacea. A Guide to Families and Genera of the World. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1071/9781486311798
Prestandrea N. 1833. Su di alcuni nuovi crustacei dei mari di Messina. Effemeridi Scientifiche e Letterarie per La Sicilia 6: 3–14.
Rafinesque C.S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l’Univers et des Corps organisés. Aux dépens de l’auteur, Palerme. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106607
Raupach M.J., Barco A., Steinke D., Beermann J., Laakmann S., Mohrbeck I., Neumann H., Kihara T.C., Pointner K., Radulovici A., Segelken-Voigt A., Wesse C. & Knebelsberger T. 2015. The application of DNA Barcodes for the identification of marine crustaceans from the North Sea and adjacent regions. PLoS ONE 10 (9): e0139421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139421
Risso A. 1816. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés des Environs de Nice. Librairie Grecque--Latine-Allemande, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8992
Risso A. 1827 [in Risso, 1826–1827]. Histoire naturelle des Principales Productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Vol. 5 Animaux Articulés, Annelides, Crustacés, Arachnides, Myriapodes et Insectes. F.-G. Levrault, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58984
Schubart C.D. & Huber M.G.J. 2006. Genetic comparisons of German populations of the stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium (Crustacea: Astacidae). Bulletin français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 380–381: 1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2006008
Schubart C.D. & Reuschel S. 2009. A proposal for a new classification of Portunoidea and Cancroidea (Brachyura: Heterotremata) based on two independent molecular phylogenies. In: Martin J.W. et al. (eds) Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean Issues 18: 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420092592-c27
Schubart C.D., Cuesta J.A. & Felder D.L. 2002. Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22: 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990206
Schweitzer C.E. & Feldmann R.M. 2010. New fossil decapod crustaceans from the Remy Collection, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris. Geodiversitas 32 (3): 399–415. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2010n3a3
Shahdadi A., Mvogo Ndongo P.A. & Schubart C.D. 2021. Mito-nuclear discordance in West African mangrove crab species (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) suggests uni-directional mitochondrial introgression, despite prolonged evolutionary independence. Marine Biology Research 17 (5–6): 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2021.1990959
Spiridonov V., Türkay M., Brösing A. & Al-Aidaroos A. 2013. Portunoid crabs as indicators of the Red Sea fauna history and endemism. Geophysical Research Abstracts 15, EGU2013-3947.
Spiridonov V.A., Neretina T.V. & Schepetov D. 2014. Morphological characterization and molecular phylogeny of Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea Brachyura): implications for understanding evolution of swimming capacity and revision of the family-level classification. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253 (5): 404–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2014.03.003
Stimpson W. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quæ in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson. Pars IV. Crustacea Cancroidea et Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10: 31–40. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51447
Stimpson W. 1871. Preliminary report on the Crustacea dredged in the Gulf Stream in the Straits of Florida, by L.F. de Pourtales, Assist. U.S. Coast Survey. Part I. Brachyura. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 2 (2): 109–160. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6313618#page/125/mode/1up
Talavera G. & Castresana J. 2007. Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56: 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164
Van Bakel B.W.M., Jagt J.W.M., Fraaije R.H.B. & Wille E.R.H. 2003. Piacenzian (Pliocene) decapod crustacean faunules from northwest Belgium. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 30: 97–108.
Weber F. 1795. Nomenclator entomologicus secundum Entomologiam systematicam ill. Fabricii adjectis speciebus recens detectis et varietatibus. Kiel & Hamburg [Chilonii & Hamburgi]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12297
White A. 1857. A Popular History of British Crustacea; Comprising a Familiar Account of their Classification and Habits. Lovell Reeve, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14410
WoRMS Editorial Board 2023. World Register of Marine Species. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org [accessed 30 Nov. 2023]. https://doi.org/10.14284/170
Zariquiey Álvarez R. 1968 Crustáceos decápodos ibéricos. Investigación Pesquera 32: 1–510. Available from http://scimar.icm.csic.es/scimar/index.php/secId/8/IdNum/166/ [accessed 22 Mar. 2024].
Zupolini L.L., Magalhães T., Pileggi L.G. & Mantelatto F.L. 2017. Taxonomic revision of the speckled crabs, genus Arenaeus Dana, 1851 (Brachyura: Portunidae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 4273: 362–380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.3
Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique García-Raso, Cédric d’Udekem d’Acoz, Abdellatif Moukrim, Christoph D. Schubart, Jose A. Cuesta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
