Identification guide to the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Brazil
Abstract
An identification guide for the Aphodiinae of Brazil is provided. Aphodiinae are a subfamily of Scarabaeidae comprising small and saprophagous beetles normally recognizable by the elongated body, clypeus covering the mouth parts and metatibiae with two apical spurs. In Brazil, the subfamily is composed of 40 genera and 148 species. Through the analysis of material in collections and literature, an identification guide for the subfamily in Brazil was written. Dichotomous keys for all genera and species are provided. Three genera (Amerilochus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus Stebnicka & Galante, 2007 and Stebnickiella Skelley, 2007) and 15 species (Blackburneus surinamensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Blackburneus thomasi Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Labarrus lividus (Olivier, 1789), Aidophus kolbei (Schmidt, 1911), Ataeniopsis haroldi (Steinheil & Stroblel, 1872), Batesiana chamorroi Skelley & Vaz-de-Mello, 2022, Iarupea lopeteguii Martínez, 1953, Lomanoxia canthonopsis Skelley & Howden, 2003, Lomanoxoides bitubericollis (Schmidt, 1909), Odontolytes guayara (Stebnicka, 2002), Odontolytes loretoensis (Stebnicka, 2002), Tanyana guyanaensis (Stebnicka, 2003), Amerilochus cinereus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus tridentatus Skelley, 2007, Stebnickiella zosterixys Skelley, 2007) are considered new records for the country. Ataenius bolivarensis Stebnicka, 2007 and Cartwrightia cartwrighti Cartwright, 1967 are tentatively considered as new records. Ataenius Harold, 1867 is treated at species group level only. Platytomus longulus (Cartwright, 1948) and Platytomus freudei (Balthasar, 1960) are treated as a species complexes. The known distributions of many species are updated.
References
de Almeida L.M., Corrêa R.C. & Grossi C.P. 2015. Coleoptera species of forensic importance from Brazil: an updated list. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 59: 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.07.008
Arrow G.J. 1903. On the laparostict lamellicorn Coleoptera of Grenada and St. Vincent (W. Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 51: 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1903.tb01144.x
Balthasar V. 1933. Une espèce nouvelle du genre Ataenius. Miscellanea Entomologica 35 (2): 9–10.
Balthasar V. 1938. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Scarabaeiden. Arbeiten über morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem 5 (1): 55–61.
Balthasar V. 1939. Neue arten der coprophagen Scarabaeiden aus dem Museo Zoologico delle R. Universita di Firenze. Redia 25: 1–36
Balthasar V. 1941a. Eine Reihe von neuen coprophagen Scarabaeiden. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 31(1): 164–184. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28955751 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Balthasar V. 1941b. Gli Scarabeidi coprofagi e Trogini dell’Africa Orient. Ital. del Museo di Milano. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 80 (2): 103–154.
Balthasar V. 1941c. Neue arten dor coprophagen Scarabaeiden aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum. Zoologischer Anzeiger 133: 161–171.
Balthasar V. 1945. De uno genere et nonnullis Aphodiinarum speciebus novis. Casopis Ceskoslovenské Spolecnosti Entomologické 42: 104–115.
Balthasar V. 1947. De novis generis Ataenius speciebus. Acta Entomologica Musei nationalis 25 (327): 49–54.
Balthasar V. 1960. Beiträge zur kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIII. Coleoptera XII. Neue Aphodiinae Arten. Opuscula Zoologica Munchen 48: 1–7.
Balthasar V. 1961. Eine neue Gattung und neue Arten der Unterfamilie Aphodiinae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 8 (1–2): 121–130.
Balthasar V. 1963. Eine neue Gattung Undergattung und neue Arten der familie Aphodiidae. Reichenbachia 1 (31): 277–290
Balthasar V. 1964. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Band 3 Aphodiidae.Tschecholslowakische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague, Czechoslovakia. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.372396
Balthasar V. 1965. Neue Arten der familie Aphodiidae. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca. 62: 443–450.
Balthasar V. 1967. Neue Arten der Familie Aphodiidae (Coleoptera) 128. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeoidea. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 64: 122–139.
Balthasar V. 1970. Neue Arten der Scarabaeoidea. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 67: 245–253.
Balthasar V. 1971. Neue Arten der Gattungen Onthophagus Latreille und Aphodius Illiger. Beiträge zur Entomologie 21 (1–2): 55–60.
Bates H.W. 1887. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. In: Godman F.D. & Salvin O. (eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana. Taylor and Francis, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.730
Blanchard C.E. 1843. Insects de l’Amérique méridionale. Recueillis par Alcide d’Ormigny et déscrits par Emile Blanchard et August Brullé. In: Bertrand C.P. (ed.) Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale (le Brésil, la République orientale de l’Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivie, la République du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833 par Alcide d’Orbigny. Ouvrage dédié au Roi, et publié sous les auspices de M. le Ministre de l’Instruction publique (commencé sous le ministère de M. Guizot). Tome sixième. 2e Partie: Insectes 1837–1843. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.110540
Blackwelder R.E. 1944. Ckecklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 182–265. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.2
Boheman C.H. 1858. Coleoptera. Species novas descripsit. In: Virgin C.A. (ed.) Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befäl af C.A. Virgin, Åren 1851–1853. Vetenskapliga Jakttagelser på H.M.K. Oscar den Förstes befallning utgifna af K. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien. Andra delen. Zoologi. 1. Insecta. Almqvist & Wiksells, Uppsala. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2467
Bordat P. 2011. Aphodius Bayeri Endrödi, 1956 identique à Aphodius calidus Harold, 1871. Désignation d’un lectotype et nouvelle combinaison (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie 27(3): 281–282.
Bordat P. 2016. Le genre Labarrus Mulsant & Rey, 1870, dans la région afrotropicale (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae). Catharsius La Revue 13 (1): 19–40.
Bouchard P., Bosquet Y., Davies A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga A., Lawrence J.F., Lyal C.H.C., Newton A.F., Reid A.M., Schmitt M., Ślipiński A. & Smith A.B.T. 2011. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 88: 1–972. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807
Buriticá J.A.A. & Vaz-de-Mello F.Z. 2016. Primer registro de Stebnickiella zosterixys Skelley, 2007 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Aphodiinae: Odontolochini) para Colombia. Entomotropica 31 (28): 234–236.
Burmeister H. 1877. Die Argentinischen Aphodiaden. Entomologische Zeitung 38 (10–12): 401–414. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34261713 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Cajaiba R.B., Périco E., Dalzochio M.S., Silva W.B., Bastos R., Cabral J.A. & Santos M. 2017. Does the composition of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) communities reflect the extent of land use changes in the Brazilian Amazon? Ecological Indicators 74: 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.018
Cajaiba R.B., Périco E., Silva W.B. & Loete P. 2018. Are small dung beetles (Aphodiinae) useful for monitoring neotropical forests’ ecological status? Lessons from a preliminary case study in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Ecology and Management 429: 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.005
Cartwright O.L. 1948. The American species of Pleurophorus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 74: 131–145.
Cartwright O.L. 1955. Scarab beetles of the genus Psammodius in the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 104 (3344): 413–462. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.104-3344.413
Cartwright O.L. 1963. Two new beetles of the genus Aphotaenius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 17 (2): 49–51. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.372246
Cartwright O.L. 1967. Two new species of Cartwrightia from Central and South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Proceeding of the United States National Museum 124 (3632): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.124-3632.1
Cartwright O.L. 1974. Ataenius, Aphotaenius, and Pseudataenius of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 154: 1–106. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.154
Cartwright O.L. & Gordon RD. 1971. Insects Micronesia Coleoptera Scarabaeidae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum 17 (4): 257–296.
Castelnau F. 1840. Histoire naturelle des Insectes coléoptères; avec une Introduction Renfermant l’Anatomie et la Physiologie des Animaux articulés, par M. Brullé; ouvrage accompagné de 155 planches gravées sur acier représentant plus de 800 sujets. Tome deuxiéme. P. Duméril, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36538
Chalumeau F. 1983a. Batesiana et Martinezia, nouveaux genres d’Eupariini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) du nouveau monde. Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 52 (5): 142–153. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1983.10586
Chalumeau F. 1983b. Un nouvel Aphotaenius (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: (?) Aphodiini ou Eupariini) de Bolivie et notes concernant les espèces le composant. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de Mulhouse 1983: 1–4.
Chalumeau F. 1986. Martineziella nomen novo pour Martinezia Chalumeau (Col. Scarabaeidae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie 3 (3): 386.
Chalumeau F. 1990. Un nouvel Ataenius du Brésil: A. degallieri (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae). Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 59 (8): 304–305.
Chalumeau F. 1992. Eupariini du nouveau monde: un mise au point (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (1re partie). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie (N.S.) 9 (3): 189–206.
Chalumeau F. & Howden H. 1984. Le genre Euparia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiinae) Saint-Fargeay & Serville, 1828. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 57: 85–94.
Chalumeau F. & Özdikmen H. 2006. Martineziana nom. nov., a replecement name for the preoccupied name of Martineziella Chalumeau, 1986 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology 1 (1): 69–70.
Chapin E.A. 1940. A revision of the West Indian beetles of the scarabaeid subfamily Aphodiinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 89 (3092): 1–41. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.89-3092.1
Chevrolat A. 1864. Coléoptères de l’Île de Cuba. (Suite) (1). Notes synonymies et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Cinquiéme Mémoire. Famille des Prnides, Hétérocérides, Passalides et Lamellicornes (tribus des Coprides, Aphodiides, Hybosorides, Géotrupides et Trogides). V. Mémoire. Annales de la Société entomologique de France 4: 405–418. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60193
Clavijo-Bustos J., Skelley P.E. & Dellacasa M. 2023. Aidophus gema (Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae, Didactyliini), a new species from Colombia, with notes on the genus Aidophus Balthasar and the tribe Didactyliini from the country. Annales Zoologici Fennici 60 (1): 85–93. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.060.0110
Collins H.L. & Markin G.P. 1971. Inquilines and other arthopods collected from nests of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64 (6): 1376–1380. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.6.1376
Dajoz R. 1971. Un nouveau coléoptère Aphodiidae: Termitodius boliviensis. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 76: 138–140. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1971.21195
Dellacasa G. 1986. A world-wide revision of Aphodius sharing a large scutellum (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae). Frustula Entomologica Nuova Serie 7–8: 173–282.
Dellacasa M. 1987. Contribution to a world-wide catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 66: 1–455.
Dellacasa G. & Dellacasa M. 1997. A new neotropical species of Aphodius sharing large scutellum (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae). Doriana 7 (302):1–4.
Dellacasa G., Bordat P. & Dellacasa M. 2001a. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae (Coleoptera Aphodiidae). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 79:1–482.
Dellacasa M., Gordon R.D., Horpootlian P.J., Stebnicka Z. & Dellacasa G. 2001b. Systematic redefinition of the New World Didactyliini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) with descriptions of two new species of Aidophus Balthasar. Insecta Mundi 15 (4): 193–216.
Dellacasa M., Gordon R.D. & Dellacasa G. 2002. Aphodiinae described or recorded by Bates in Biologia Centrali-Americana (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 86: 155–223. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2002.0862505
Dellacasa G., Dellacasa M. & Mann D.J. 2010a. The morphology of the labrum (epipharynx, ikrioma and aboral surface) of adult Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), and its implications for systematics. Insecta Mundi 132: 1–21.
Dellacasa M., Dellacasa G. & Skelley P.E. 2010b. Neotrichaphodioides, new genus of Neotropical Aphodiini, with description of a new species from Peru (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 133: 1–12.
Dellacasa M., Dellacasa G. & Gordon R.D. 2011. Systematic revision of the American taxa belonging to the genera Alloblackburneus Bordat, 2009, and Blackburneus Schmidt, 1913, with description of seven new species. Insecta Mundi 204: 1–52.
Dellacasa M., Dellacasa G. & Gordon R.D. 2012. Systematic revision of Gonaphodiellus taxa, with description of two new genera and fourteen new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 230: 1–41.
Dellacasa M., Dellacasa G., Král D. & Bezdek A. 2016. Tribe Aphodiinae. In: Löbl I. & Löbl D. (eds) Catalogue of Paleartic Coleoptera. Volume 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Brill, Leiden. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004309142
Deloya C. & Ibáñez-Bernall S. 2000. New species of Aphodiinae from Mexico and a key to species of Cephalocyclus Dellacasa, Gordon and Dellacasa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 54 (3): 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0318:NSOAFM]2.0.CO;2
Endrödi S. 1962. Neue Scarabaeiden aus Suriname. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 5 (14): 42–54. Available from https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506264 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Endrödi S. 1964. Die Aphodiinae des Congo-Gebietes in Rahmen der fauna von Zentral-Afrika. Annales du Musée royal de l’Afrique Centrale 123: 1–415.
Endrödi & Rakovič M. 1981. Key to the species of South and South West African Aphodiinae. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 42 (34) (1): 31–77.
Fabricius J.C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Kortii, Flensburg and Leipzig [Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510
Fabricius J.C. 1801. Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Impensis Bibliopoli Academici Novi, Kiel [Kiliae].
Fallén C.F. 1807. Observationes entomologicae, quas consensu ampliss. Fac. Philosoph. Lund. Publicae disquisitioni subjiciunt praeses Carl Fredric Fallén, et respondens Petrus N. Block. Gothoburgensis. In Lyceo Carolino die X Dec. MDCCCVII. Part. III. Berling, Lund [Lundae].
Fall H.C. 1930. On Ataenius strigatus Say and allied species (Coleoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 38 (2): 93–108. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50769331 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Fleutiaux E. & Sallé A. 1889. Liste des Coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société entomologique de France Séries 6 9: 351–484. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32438903 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Galante E., Stebnicka Z.T. & Verdú J.R. 2003. The Aphodiinae and Rhyparinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in southern states of Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (3): 283–312.
Gama E.E.R. & Vaz-de-Mello F.Z. 2024. Aphodiinae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/126714 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Gordon R.D. & Cartwright O.L. 1980. The Western Hemisphere species of Rhyssemus and Trichiorhyssemus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 37: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.317
Gordon R.D. & Pittino R. 1992. Current status of the American genera and species of Psammodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 46 (3): 260–273.
Gordon R.D. & Skelley P.E. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1–580.
Harold E. 1861. Beiträge zur Kenntniss einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien (Zweites Stück). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 92–115.
Harold E. 1867a. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 1: 76–83. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16069331 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Harold E. 1867b. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 2: 94–100.
Harold E. 1867c. Die chilenischen Aphodiden. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 11: 278–282. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18670110307
Harold E. 1868. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 3: 80–86.
Harold E. 1869a. Scarabaeidae. In: Gemminger M. & Harold E. Catalogus Coleopterum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus er systematicus. Tom IV. E.H. Gummi, Munich [Monachii]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9089
Harold E. 1869b. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 94–104.
Harold E. 1870. Die Arten der Gattung Euparia. Coleopterologische Hefte 6: 19–30.
Harold E. 1874. Ueber die Ataenius-Arten mit gezahntem Kopfschilde. Coleopterologische Hefte 3 (12): 15–25. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118471 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Harold E. 1875. Verzeichniss der von Dr. Teuscher in Cantagallo gesammlten coprophagen Lamellicornien. Coleopterologische Hefte 13: 57–72.
Harold E. 1876. Notice sur les Aphodiides receuillis par M.Camille van Volxem dans l’Amérique du Sud. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-Rendus 19: XCIII–XCIX. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12740145 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Harold E. 1880. Verzeichniss der von E. Steinheil in Neu-Granada gesammlten coprophagen Lamellicornien. Entomologische Zeitung 41: 13–46. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8989387 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Harpootlian P.J., Gordon R.D. & Woodruff R.E. 2000. Review of the genus Leiopsammodius Rakovic (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini) in America north of Mexico with descriptions of three new species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 54 (3): 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0292:ROTGLR]2.0.CO;2
Hinton H.E. 1934a. A second species of the genus Termitodius (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista de Entomología 4 (3): 340–342.
Hinton H.E. 1934b. New species of North American Aphodius. Stylops 3 (8): 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1934.tb01577.x
Hinton H.E. 1937. Descriptions of new American Ataenius, with notes on others (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 20: 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933708655332
Hinton H.E. 1938. New species of Neotropical Aphodiinae (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista de Entomología 8 (1–2): 122–129.
Hope F.W. 1847. Descriptions of various coleopterous insects from New Holland, collected chiefly by Mr. Fortnum, at Adelaide. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 4: 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1847.tb00125.x
IBGE 1999a. Enciclopédia dos Municípios Brasileiros. Vol. XIV. Rio de Janeiro.
IBGE 1990b. Enciclopédia dos Municípios Brasileiros. Vol. XVII. Rio de Janeiro.
Islas F. 1955. Tres especies nuevas de aphodinos mexicanos (Ins. Col. Scarabaeidae). Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Mexico 26 (2): 493–499.
Islas F. 1958. Un género y especie nuevos de la subfamilia Aphodiinae en México (Col Scarabaeidae). Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional de Mexico. Mexico 29: 343–348.
Kozhantshikov W. 1913. Fünfter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Aphodiini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 13: 257–265. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12185177 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Kozhantshikov W. 1916. Septième contribution à l’étude des Aphodiini. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 16: 192–208. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12340537 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Krell F.T., Dellacasa G. & Dellacasa M. 2011. Auperia Jacquelin-Duval is a Junior Synonym of Euparia Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau and Serville and Odontolytes Kozhantshikov is the Valid Name for Auperia sensu Stebnicka (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (2): 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1649/072.065.0217
Krikken J. & Huijbregts J. 1987. Southeast Asian Termitodius: A taxonomic review with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Aphodiinae). Zoologische Mededelingen 61: 97–111. Available from https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317919 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Lawrence J.F., Slipinski A., Seago A.E., Thayer M.K., Newton A.F. & Marvaldi A.E. 2011. Phylogeny of the Coleoptera based on morphological characters of adults and larvae. Annales Zoologici 61 (1): 1–217. https://doi.org/10.3161/000345411X576725
Lea A.M. 1923. On Australian aphodiides (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 36 (1): 1–20.
Linell M.L. 1896. New species of North American Coleoptera of the family Scarabaeidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18: 721–731. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39270
Makhan D. 2006. Aschnarhyparus soesilae gen. et sp. nov. from Suriname (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Calodema 8: 7–11.
Martínez A. 1951. Scarabaeidae nuevos o poco conocidos, II (Coleoptera). Misión de Estudios de Patología regional argentina 22: 23–36.
Martínez A. 1952. Scarabaeidae nuevos o poco conocidos, III (Coleoptera). Misión de Estudios de Patología regional argentina 23: 81–82.
Martínez A. 1953. Scarabaeidae nuevos o poco conocidos, IV (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Misión de Estudios de Patología regional argentina 24: 69–85.
Martínez A. 1955. Scarabaeidae nuevos o poco conocidos, V (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Misión de Estudios de Patología regional argentina 24: 59–71.
Melsheimer F.E. 1844. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 2: 134–160. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6605827 [accessed 26 Feb. 2024].
Mesquita W.F., Flechtmann C.A.H., Godoy W.A.C. & Bjornstad O.N. 2017. The impact of the introduced Digitonthophagus gazella on a native dung beetle comunity in Brazil during 26 years. Biological Invasions 20: 963–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1603-1
Minkina L. 2020. Two new species of Leptorhyparus Howden, 2003 (Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae, Rhyparini) from South America. Folia Heyrovskyana 28A (2): 34–39.
Minkina L. 2022. A new species of Tanyana Stebnicka, 2006 (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Peru with a discussion of the taxonomic position of the genus. Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series 18 (1): 137–143.
Minkina L., Gama E.R.R. & Skelley P.E. 2024. Two new species of the genus Ataenius Schmidt, 1810 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 78 (2): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-78.2.255
Mulsant E. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères de France. Lamellicornes. Maison, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8758
Nomura S. 1943. Zur Kenntnis der Aphodiiden aus Mikronesien (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Mushi 15: 77–83.
Oliveira Y.F., Oliveira C.M. & Frizzas R. 2021. Changes in land use affect dung beetle communities but do not affect ecosystem services in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Ecological Entomology 46 (4): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13034
Papavero N. 1994. Fundamentos práticos de Taxonomia zoológica (Coleções, Bibliografia, Nomenclatura). Editora da Universidade Paulista, São Paulo.
Paulian R. 1934. Deux nouveaux coprophages des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Revue francaise d’Entomologie 1: 219–221.
Paulian R. 1937. Trois nouveaux Ataenius de la région australienne. Miscellanea Entomologica 38 (5): 41–43.
Paulian R.1942. Aphodiinae (Coleoptera Lamellicornia Fam. Scarabaeidae). Exploration du Parc Nacional Albert. Mission G.F. D Witte (1933–1935). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge. Bruxeles
Paulian R. 1979. Un nouval Aphodiidae du Portugal. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 84 (3–4): 66–67. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1979.21686
Petrovitz R. 1961a. Neue und bemerkenswerte Aphodiinae aus dem Museo Entomologico del Pontificio Istituto Missioni Estere, Monza. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 91 (9–10): 144–149.
Petrovitz R. 1961b. Neue und verkannte Aphodiinae aus allen Erdteilen (Col. Scarab). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 12 (1): 99–135.
Petrovitz R. 1962. Neue und verkannte Aphodiinae aus allen Erdteilen (Col. Scarab). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 13: 101–131.
Petrovitz R. 1963a. Drei neue Eupariina-Arten aus Südamerika (Aphodiinae, Scarabaeidae). Acta Biologica Venezuelica 3 (21): 315–318.
Petrovitz R. 1963b. Neue und verkannte Aphodiinae aus allen Erdteilen (Col. Scarab). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 14 (2): 630–647.
Petrovitz R. 1964. Neue Ataenius-Arten (Col., Scarab.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 15: 279–285.
Petrovitz R. 1965. Neue Aphodiinae. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin 41 (2): 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19650410204
Petrovitz R. 1970. Neue neotropische Aphodiinae und Hybosorinae (Col). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 21: 225–243.
Petrovitz R. 1971. Neue Aphodiinae der äthiopischen und australischen Region (Col.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey 22: 99–104.
Petrovitz R. 1972. Neue laparostikte Scarabaeidaen aus der Orientalischen and Neotropischen Region. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 51:161–168.
Petrovitz R. 1973. Neue Aphodiinae, Hybosorinae und Acanthocerinae aus der Neotropischen Region (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Studia Entomologica 16 (1–4): 141–202.
Pittino R. & Mariani G. 1986. A revision of the Old World species of the genus Diastictus Muls. and its allies (Platytomus Muls., Pleurophorus Muls., Afrodiastictus n. gen., Bordatius n. gen.) (Coleoptera, Aphodiidae, Psammodiini). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia 3 (12): 1–165.
QGIS Development Team 2024. QGIS Geographic Information System. Ver 3.40.1. Open Source Geospetial Foundation. Available from http://www.qgis.org [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Rafael J.A., Limeira-de-Oliveira F., Hutchings R.W., Miranda G.G.F., Neto A.M.S., Somavilla A., Camargo A., Asenjo A., Pinto A.P., Bello A.M., Dalmorra C., Mello-Patiu C.A., Carvalho C.J.B.,Takiya D.M., Parizotto D.R., Marques D.W.A., Cavalheiro D.O., Mendes D.M.M., Zeppelini D. ... & Fernandes D.R.R. 2020. Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64 (3): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0052
Rakovic M. 1990. Review of the genus Leiopsammodius on the world basis with a key to species from the Western Hemisphere and description of a new species. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae 197: 1–18.
Rakovic M. & Mencl L. 2013. A second species of the genus Trichiopsammobius Petrovitz, 1963 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini: Psammodiina). Studies and Reports. Taxonomical Series 9 (2): 517–524.
Rakovic M., Král D. & Mencl L. 2020a. Contributions to knoledge of Psammodiini from the Western Hemisphere 1. Types of Platytomus freudei and Platytomus gregalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Studies and Reports. Taxonomical Series 16 (1): 229–239.
Rakovic M., Mencl L. & Král D. 2020b. Contributions to knoledge of Psammodiini from the Western Hemisphere 2. Two new species of Platytomus from the South-American Continent (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Folia Heyrovskyana 28A (1): 91–102.
Richards A.R. 1959. Revision of the genus Saprosites Redtenbacher, 1858 (Coleoptera: Aphodiinae) in New Zealand. Transaction of the Royal Society of New Zealand 87 (1–2): 35–80.
Rodrigues S.R., Barros A.T.M., Puker A. & Taira T.L. 2010. Diversidade de besouros coprófagos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) coletados com armadilha de interceptação de voo no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 10 (2): 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000200015
Rossetto D., Vignatti G., Peruzzo L., Pinto A.P., Gacazzoni G.B.P, Mondoloni D.R.L. & Azevedo Filho W.S. 2021. Escarabeídeos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) de importância forense ocorrentes em carcaça suína nos municípios de Caxias do Sul e Bento Gonçalves – Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Interdisciplinar de Ciência Aplicada 5 (9): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.18226/25253824.v5.n9.05
Schmidt A. 1909a. Eine Serie neuer Aphodiinen und eine neue Gattung (Forsetzung II). Societas Entomologica 24: 10–12. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33057873 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1909b. Eine Serie neuer Aphodiinen und eine neue Gattung (Forsetzung IV). Societas Entomologica 24: 36. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33057899 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1909c. Eine Serie neuer Aphodiinen und eine neue Gattung (Forsetzung V). Societas Entomologica 24: 43–44. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33057906 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1909d. Neue Aphodiinen und einige synonymische Bemerkungen. Notes from the Leyden Museum 31: 101–124. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12950954 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1910. Neue Arten aus den Gattungen Aphodius Illig., Ataenius Har., Saprosites Redtenb. (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1910: 353–361. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35571672 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1911a. Eine Serie neuer Aphodiinen. Entomologische Zeitung 72: 1–51. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9013004 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1911b. Fünf neue Aphodiinen aus dem Museum zu London. Societas Entomologica 26: 14–16. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33102400 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1913. Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodieen in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79A (11): 117–178; 203–212. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13320641 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1916. Namenänderungen und Beschreibung neuer Aphodiinen (Col). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 82A (1): 95–116. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13313529 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schmidt A. 1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. In: Apstein C. (ed.) Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstelleung und Kennzeichnung de rezenten Tierformen Vol 45. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin and Leipzig. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/922848 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Schoolmeesters P. 2023. World Scarabaeidae Database. In: Bánki O., Roskov Y., Döring M., Ower G., Vandepitte L., Hobern D., Remsen D., Schalk P., DeWalt R.E. & Keping M. (eds) Catalogue of Life Checklist. https://doi.org/10.48580/dfrdl-38g [accessed 3 Dec. 2025].
Skelley P.E. 2007a. Generic limits of the Rhyparini with respect to the genus Termitodius Wasmann, 1894 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 9: 1–9.
Skelley P.E. 2007b. New South American taxa of Odontolochini Stebnicka and Howden (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 22: 1–15.
Skelley P.E. 2021. A new species of Leptorhyparus Howden, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) in amber from the Dominican Republic with comments on the extant species. Insecta Mundi 892: 1 –7. Available from https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/129938 [acessed 3 Nov. 2025].
Skelley P.E. 2008. Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles. Available from https://unsm–ento.unl.edu/Guide/Scarabaeoidea/Scarabaeidae/Aphodiinae/Aphodiinae-Overview/AphodiinaeO.html [accessed 20 Feb. 2024].
Skelley P.E. & Gordon R.D. 2002. Aphodiinae Leach 1815. In: Arnett R.H., Thomas M.C., Skelley P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds) American Beetles Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea 2nd Ed.: 42–48. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420041231
Skelley P.E. & Howden H.F. 2003. A new species of Lomanoxia Marínez from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 17 (3–4): 185–187.
Skelley P.E. & Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Review of Aphotaenius Cartwright, 1952 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74: 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-74.2.389
Skelley P.E. & Vaz-de-Mello F.Z. 2022. A second species of Batesiana Chalumeau, 1983 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 76 (4): 612–618. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-76.4.612
Skelley P.E., Dellacasa M., Dellacasa G. & Gordon R.D. 2007. Checklist of the Aphodiini of Mexico, Central and South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 14: 1–14.
Skelley P.E., Clavijo-Bustos J. & Keller O. 2022. Extinct or extant? A new species of Termitodius Wasmann, 1894 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) with a short review of the genus. Insecta Mundi 915: 1–14.
Smith A.B.T & Skelley P.E. A review of the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of southern South America. Zootaxa 1458: 1–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1458.1.1
Solier A.J.J. 1851. Fauna Chilena. Insectos. Coleopteros. In: C. Gay (ed.) Historia física y política de Chile según Documentos Adquiridos en esta República durante doce años de ella y Publicada bajo los Auspicios del Supremo Gobierno por Claudio Gay. Zoología. Tomo quinto. C. Gay, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16172
Stebnicka Z.T. 1998a. A second species of Euparixoides Hinton from Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Eupariini). Acta Zooologica Cracoviensia 41 (2): 195–197.
Stebnicka Z.T. 1998b. Lectotype designations, new synonymies and distribution records of Neotropical Eupariini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiinae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 41(2): 199–205.
Stebnicka Z.T. 1999a. Neotropical Eupariini: New and little known genera and species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 106: 285–300. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80079
Stebnicka Z.T. 1999b. Lomanoxia Martínez, 1951, and a new tribe Lomanoxiini with notes on comparative morphology (Coleoptera: Scarabaepodea: Aphodiinae). Acta Zooologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 279–286.
Stebnicka Z.T. 1999c. Flechtmanniella, a new name for Flechtmannia. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 287.
Stebnicka Z.T. 2000. The genus Passaliolla Balthasar, 1945 in Central and South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 43 (3–4): 233–239.
Stebnicka Z.T. 2001a. A revision of the Neotropical species of Saprosites Redtenbacher, 1858 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 59: 221– 242. https://doi.org/10.3409/azc.55_2.13
Stebnicka Z.T. 2001b. Aphodiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Fauna of New Zealand 42: 1–64. https://doi.org/10.7931/J2/FNZ.42
Stebnicka Z.T. 2001c. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. I. Revision of the A. crenator group, A. nugator-group and A. perforatus-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 44 (3): 253–283.
Stebnicka Z.T. 2002. The New World Eupariini: Revision of the genus Auperia Chevrolat, 1864 (= Phalangochaeta Martínez, 1952) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 109: 741–775. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79568
Stebnicka Z.T. 2003a. A new genus and species of the Neotropical Eupariini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46: 355–358.
Stebnicka Z.T. 2003b. Revision and hypothetical phylogenetic analysis of the species of the New World genus Ataeniopsis (Coleoptera: Aphodiinae Eupariini). European Journal of Entomology 100: 101–113. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2003.019
Stebnicka Z.T. 2003c. The genus Paraplesiataenius Chalumeau, with descriptions of two new species from Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Eupariini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57: 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1649/583
Stebnicka Z.T. 2003d. The genus Saprositellus Balthasar, with descriptions of three new neotropical species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Odontolochini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1649/582
Stebnicka Z.T. 2003e. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. III. Revision of the A. imbricatus-group sensu lato (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46: 219–249. https://doi.org/10.3409/173491504783995834
Stebnicka Z.T. 2004. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. IV. Revision of the A. strigicauda-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 47: 211–228. https://doi.org/10.3409/173491504783995834
Stebnicka Z.T. 2005a. A second species of Selviria Stebnicka from Brazil (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Eupariini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 59: 23–25. https://doi.org/10.1649/678
Stebnicka Z.T. 2005b. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. VI. Revision of the A. aequalis-platensis-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 48: 99–138. https://doi.org/10.3409/173491505783995653
Stebnicka Z.T. 2006a. Tanyana, a new name for Taenia Stebnicka, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae, Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 49B (1–2): 183. https://doi.org/10.3409/000000006783995328
Stebnicka Z.T. 2006b. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. VII. Revision of the A. complicatus-group (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 49: 89–114. https://doi.org/10.3409/000000006783995364
Stebnicka Z.T. 2007a. New species of Iarupea Martínez and morphological specializations among related taxa associated with ants and termites (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Eupariini). Revue suisse de Zoologie 114: 573–590. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80404
Stebnicka Z.T. 2007b. The Genus Ataenius Harold, 1867 of New World. Iconography I. Slawkowska Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
Stebnicka Z.T. 2007c. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. VIII. Revision of the A. scutellaris-group and diagnosis of the A. texanus-carinator group with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 50: 45–81. https://doi.org/10.3409/000000007783995138
Stebnicka Z.T. 2009. The Tribe Eupariini of New World. Iconography II. Slawkowska Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
Stebnicka Z.T. & Galante. 2007. New Neotropical taxa, synonymal clarifications and phylogeny of Odontolochini on the world basis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 50B (2): 129–138. https://doi.org/10.3409/000000007783995147
Stebnicka Z.T. & Lago P.K. 2005. The New World species of Ataenius Harold, 1867. V. Revision of the A. strigatus group (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Insecta Mundi 19: 55–83. https://doi.org/10.3409/173491505783995653
Stebnicka Z.T. & Skelley E.P. 2005. Review of some New World Aphodiinae genera and descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 48B (1–2): 23–42. https://doi.org/10.3409/173491505783995671
Stebnicka Z.T. & Skelley E.P. 2009. Taxonomic redefinition of the genera Parataenius Balthasar and Pseudataenius Brown, with descriptions of three new species (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini). Insecta Mundi 66: 1–18.
Steinheil E. & Strobel P. 1872. Symbolae ad historiam Coleopterorum Argentinae meridionalis, ossia enumerazione dei coleotteri raccoli dal Prof. Strobel. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 15: 554–578. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39820593 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Tangelder R.M. & Krikken J. 1982. Termitophilous scarabs of the tribe Corythoderini. A taxonomic review (Coleoptera: Aphodiinae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 194: 1–114. Available from https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317745 [accessed 20 Apr. 2024].
Verdú J.R. & Galante E. 1999. Larvae of Ataenius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae): Generic characteristics and species descriptions. European Journal of Entomology 96: 57–68.
Wasmann E. 1894. Kritisches Verzeichniss der myrmekophilen und termitophilen Arthropoden. Mit Angabe der Lebensweise und Beschreibung neuer Arten. Dames, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122977
Westwood J.O. 1847. Description of some exotic insects belonging to the family Aphodiinae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 4: 293–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1847.tb01361.x
Wojcik D.P., Banks W.A., Hicks D.M. & Summerlin J.W. 1977. Fire ant mymercophiles: New hosts and distribution of Myrmecaphodius excavaticollis (Blanchard) and Euparia castanea Serville (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 31 (4): 329–334. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.371938
Woodruff R.E. 1973. Arthropods of Florida and Neighbouring Land Areas Vol. 8. The Scarab Beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Part I. The Laparosticti (Subfamilies: Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae, Hybosorinae, Ochodaeinae, Geotrupinae, Acanthocerinae). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville.
Yoshida N. & Katakura H. 1985. Life cycles of Aphodius dung beetles (Scarabaeidae Coleoptera) in Sapporo, Northen Japan. Environmental Science 8 (2): 209 –229.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emanuel R.R. Gama, Paul E. Skelley, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT PERMITTED to post their submitted work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on personal websites) prior to publication, as it may lead to nomenclatural issues.
