Novel data support validity of Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas, 1814) (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)
Abstract
The common minnow species Cyprinus chrysoprasius, previously synonymised to Phoxinus phoxinus, was originally described from the Crimean Peninsula (Black Sea – Sea of Azov basin). A genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase 1 in the context of a phylogenetic study of European Phoxinus showed that it represents a distinct genetic clade and potentially a valid species. In the present study, we approach the issue following a broader, both genetic and morphological, study in order to check and support the validity of native Crimean Phoxinus under the earliest available name of the species: P. chrysoprasius. Our data demonstrate a reliable genetic distance of this minnow from geographically neighbouring clades and species, and a certain morphological distinctiveness. In order to determine the taxonomic concept of P. chrysoprasius, as a species involved in a genetically well-differentiated, but phenotypically poorly structured complex of east-European Phoxinus, a neotype for the species, based on topotypical material, is herein described and designated. The original type locality of the species is also clarified.
References
Artaev O., Pashkov A., Vekhov D., Saprykin M., Shapovalov M., Levina M. & Levin B. 2021. Fish occurrence in the Kuban’ River Basin (Russia). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e76701. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e76701
Beling D.E. 1914. Essays on the ichthyofauna of the Dnieper 1. Ichthyofauna of the Dnieper basin near Kiev. Trudy Dneprovskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii [Proceedings of the Dnieper Biological Station] 1: 53–110. [In Russian.]
Berg L.S. 1910. Rapport sur une mission zoologique au Caucase en 1909. Zapiski Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk [Proceedings of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences] 15: 153–170. [In Russian.]
Berg L.S. 1912. Faune de la Russie et des Pays limitrophes fondés principalements sur les Collections du Musée zoologique de l'Académie impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Poissons (Marsipobranchii et Pisces). Vol. III. Ostariophysi. Part 1. L'Académie impériale des Sciences, St.-Pétersbourg. [In Russian.]
Berg L.S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries. 4th ed., vol. 2. Guide to the Fauna of the U.S.S.R., Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries 29: 467–925, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moskva. [In Russian.]
Bogutskaya N.G. & Naseka A.M. 2004. Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with Comments on Nomenclature and Taxonomy. KMK-Publishers, Moscow. [In Russian.]
Bogutskaya N.G., Jelić D., Vucić M., Jelić M., Diripasko O.A., Stefanov T. & Klobučar G. 2019. Description of a new species of Phoxinus from the upper Krka River (Adriatic Basin) in Croatia (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae), first discovered as a molecular clade. Journal of Fish Biology 96 (2): 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14210
Chen X.-Y. & Arratia G. 1996. Breeding tubercles of Phoxinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): morphology, distribution, and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Morphology 228: 127–144.
Chernyshev A.A. 2010. Ichthyofauna of the Kursk region: knowledge, problems of protection and rational use. Scientific notes. Electronic Scientific Journal of Kursk State University 1 (13): 15–36. [In Russian.]
Corral-Lou A., Perea S., Aparicio E. & Doadrio I. 2019. Phylogeography and species delineation of the genus Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820 (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 57 (4): 926–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12320
De Santis V., Delmastro G.B., Vanetti I.J., Britton R. & Zaccara S. 2020. Species composition of introduced and natural minnow populations of the Phoxinus cryptic complex in the westernmost part of the Po River Basin (north Italy). Biological Invasions 23 (3): 657–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02406-2
Denys G.P.J., Dettaï A., Persat H., Daszkiewicz P., Hautecoeur M. & Keith P. 2020. Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae). Cybium 44 (3): 205–237. https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2020-443-003
Dybowski B.N. 1862. Versuch einer Monographie der Cyprinoiden Livlands, nebst einer synoptischen Aufzählung der europäischen Arten dieser Familie. Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweite Serie. Biologische Naturkunde, Dorpat 3: 133–362. [In Russian.]
Emtyl’ M.Kh. & Ivanenko A.M. 2002. Fishes of the South-west of Russia. Kubanskiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet, Krasnodar. [In Russian.]
Ferguson J.W.H. 2002. On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75 (4): 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00042.x
Fricke R., Eschmeyer W.N. & Van der Laan R. (eds). 2021. Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [accessed 30 Sep. 2021].
Gablitz K.I. 1785. Physical description of the Tauride region, according to its location, and for all three kingdoms of nature. I. Veitbrekht, Saint-Petersburg. [In Russian.]
Geiger M.F., Herder F., Monaghan M.T., Almada V., Barbieri R., Bariche M., Berrebi P., Bohlen J., Casal-Lopez M., Delmastro G.B., Denys G.P.J., Dettai A., Doadrio I., Kalogianni E., Kärst H., Kottelat M., Kovačić M., Laporte M., Lorenzoni M., Marčić Z., Özuluğ M., Perdices A., Perea S., Persat H., Porcelotti S., Puzzi C., Robalo J., Šanda R., Schneider M., Slechtová V., Stoumboudi M., Walter S. & Freyhof J. 2014. Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources 14 (6): 1210–1221. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12257
Goldstein P.Z. & DeSalle R. 2010. Integrating DNA barcode data and taxonomic practice: Determination, discovery, and description. BioEssays 33 (2): 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201000036
Hammer Ø. 1999–2022 PAST. Paleontological Statistics. Ver. 4.09. Reference Manual. Available from https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/resources/past/ [accessed 30 Sep. 2021].
Hebert P.D.N., Cywinska A., Ball S.L. & de Waard J.R. 2003a. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 270: 313–21. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
Hebert P.D.N., Ratnasingham S. & de Waard J.R. 2003b. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 270 (suppl. 1): 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition: Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London.
Kalyaanamoorthy S., Minh B., Wong T., von Haeseler A. & Jermiin L.S. 2017. ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587–589. https:// doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
Karpova E.P. 2017. Transformation of Fish Communities in Water Bodies of the Crimean Peninsula under the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors. Candidate of Sciences thesis, Institute of Marine Biological Research, Sevastopol’. [In Russian.]
Karpova E.P. & Boltachev A.R. 2011. Features of formation and current state of the ichthyofauna of inland waters of the Crimea. Proceedings of the Zoological Museum (National Museum of Natural History, Kyiv, Ukraine) 42: 75–91. [In Russian].
Karpova E.P. & Boltachev A.R. 2012. Fishes of Inland Waters of the Crimean Peninsula. BiznessInform, Simferopol’. [In Russian].
Kessler K.F. 1859. Auszüge aus dem Berichte über die nordwestlichen Küsten des schwarzen Meeres und durch die westliche Krym unternommene Reise. Bulletin de la Société impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 32 (pt 1, No. 2): 520–546.
Kessler K.F. 1877. Fishes Occurring and Found in the Aralo-Caspian-Pontic Ichthyological Province. Proceedings of Aral-Caspian Expedition 4, Obshchestvo Estestvoispytateley, Saint-Petersburg. [In Russian.]
Kottelat M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. Biologia (Bratislava) 52 (suppl. 5): 1–271. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1311773
Kottelat M. 2007. Three new species of Phoxinus from Greece and southern France (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 18 (2): 145–162.
Kottelat M. & Freyhof J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin.
Luzhnyak V.A. 2003. Ichthyofauna of rivers and estuaries of the Black Sea coast of Russia. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 43 (4): 457–463. [In Russian.]
Miroshnichenko A.I. 2003. Fishes of inland waters of the Crimea. In: Tarasenko V.S. (ed.) Sustainable Crimea. Water resources: 142–145. Tavrida, Simferopol’. [In Russian.]
Moshu A. & Trombitskiy I. 2013. Peștii din Nistrul Mijlociu și de Jos (ghid pentru păzitorii râului). Renasterea Rurala & Vitaliti, Chișinău. [In Moldovan].
Movchan Yu.V. 2011. Fishes of Ukraine (Keys and References). Zolotye Vorota, Kyiv. [In Ukrainian].
Movchan Yu.V. & Smirnov A.I. 1981. Fauna of Ukraine. Vol. 8. Fishes. Issue 2, Part 1. Naukova dumka, Kyiv. [In Ukrainian].
Movchan Yu.V., Manilo L.G., Smirnov A.I. & Shcherbukha A.Ya. 2003. Catalogue of the collections of the of the Museum of Zoology of the NNHM of NAS of Ukraine. Cyclostomata and Fishes. NNHM, Kyiv. [In Russian.]
Nordmann A. von 1840. Prodrome de l'ichthyologie pontique. In: Démidoff A. de (ed.) Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée 3: 353–635, 748–755. E. Bourdin et Ce., Paris.
Otrishko M.P. & Emtyl’ M.Kh. 2012. The current state of the ichthyofauna of the Adagum River. Privolzhskiy Nauchnyy Vestnik 8 (24): 21–24. [In Russian.]
Padial J.M., Miralles A., De la Riva I. & Vence M. 2010. The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology 7 (1): 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-7-16
Palandačić A., Bravničar J., Zupančič P., Šanda R. & Snoj A. 2015. Molecular data suggest a multispecies complex of Phoxinus (Cyprinidae) in the Western Balkan Peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.024
Palandačić A., Naseka A., Ramler D. & Ahnelt H. 2017. Contrasting morphology with molecular data: an approach to revision of species complexes based on the example of European (Cyprinidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1032-x
Palandačić A., Kruckenhauser L., Ahnelt H. & Mikschi E. 2020. European minnows through time: museum collections aid genetic assessment of species introductions in freshwater fishes (Cyprinidae: Phoxinus species complex). Heredity 124 (3): 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0292-1
Pallas P.S. 1801. Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die südlichen Statthalterschaften des Russischen Reichs in den Jahren 1793 und 1794. Zweyter Band. Mit Colorirten Kupfern. Gottfried Martini, Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-16624
Pallas P.S. 1814. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones anatomen atque icones plurimorum, 3. Academia Scientiarum, Petropolis, Saint-Petersburg. [In Russian.]
Plotnikov G.K. 2001. Ichthyofauna of Various Aquatic Ecosystems of the Northwestern Caucasus. Kubanskiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet, Krasnodar. [In Russian.]
Rathke H. 1836. Zur Fauna der Krym. Mémoires présentés à l'Académie impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg par Divers Savants et lus dans ses Assemblées. Mémoires des Savants étrangers 3: 291–454, 771–774.
Rossini B.C., Oliveira C.A.M., de Melo F.A.G., Bertaco V.D., de Astarloa J.M.D., Rosso J.J., Foresti F. & Oliveira C. 2016. Highlighting Astyanax species diversity through DNA barcoding. PLoS ONE 11: e0167203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167203
Tajima F. & Nei M. 1984. Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1: 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040317
Tseeb Ya.Ya. 1929. Preliminary results of the study of the ichthyofauna of small Crimean rivers. Trudy Krymskogo NII, Simferopol’ 2 (2): 112–123. [In Russian.]
Vucić M., Jelić D., Žutinić P., Grandjean F. & Jelić M. 2018. Distribution of Eurasian minnows (Phoxinus: Cypriniformes) in the Western Balkans. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystem 419: 11. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2017051
Copyright (c) 2023 Nina G. Bogutskaya, Oleg A. Diripasko, Anja Palandačić
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are NOT ALLOWED TO post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to taxonomic issues.
